I.

TITTLE Electrochemical Analysis

II.

AIMS 1. Determine chemical potential of Cu2+ 2. Analysis Cu2+ with potentiometry

III.

BASIC THEORY The principle potentiometry analysis is interaction between analyte with electrode. Electric potential that produced will measured by potentiometer. The important part in potentiometer is electrode. The function of electrode is catch signal of electric that caused by analyte in the solution.electrode that used in measurement of chemical electro consist of work electrode and comparing electrode. The electric signal that produced proportional with analyte acti ity. The e!uation to calculate chemical potential from substance that e"perience o"idation#reduction reaction is $ert e!uation. aA+b%+ ... cC+dD+ ... &' ( &'o+)T ln * &' ( &'o+)T ln aCc aDd+a%b aAa %ecause a c for diluted solution, so &' ( &'o+)T ln -C.c -D.d+-A.a -%.b According of e!uation &' ( #n/E then substituted into e!uation abo e #n/E(#n/Eo+)T ln -C.c -D.d+-A.a -%.b E ( Eo 0 )T+n/ ln -C.c -D.d+-A.a -%.b E!uation abo e is called $erst e!uation as basic calculation of chemical electric and implement to cation Cu2+ that occur reduction become Cu like this reaction. Cu2+ + 2e Cu E Cu2++Cu ( EoCu2++Cu 0 )T+2/ ln -Cu.+-Cu2+. This e!uation will implement at potential measurement from some concentration of Cu2+ solution and determining concentration Cu2+ in the sample.

III.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS # # Cu123 4,1 5 A!uades

# # #

Cu2+ solution p6 meter beaker glass

IV.

PROCEDURE

0,1 M CuSO4 Diluted with aquades Made standart solution 714#8, 2"14#8, 3"14#8, 9"14#8, 1:"14#8; Prepared Cu2+ for sample Used p meter Set !"s#ale Measured potential for <otential 7=; ea#h standart solution Ma$e %raph Cal#ulate #on#entration of 1ample 75; sample

V.

OBSERVATION DATA

Procedure

Result

Hypot es!s

Co"clus!o"

0,1 M CuSO4 Diluted with aquades Made standart solution 714#8, 2"14#8, 3"14#8, 9"14#8, 1:"14#8; Prepared Cu2+ for sample Used p meter Set !"s#ale Measured potential for <otential 7=; ea#h standart solution Ma$e %raph Cal#ulate #on#entration of 1ample 75; sample

-Cu2+. A 1"14#8 % 2"14#8 C 3"14#8 D 9"14#8 E 1:"14#8 sample

= 7 m=; 89,8 3:,8 >>,? :>,? @2,? >>,:

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 1o that ECu2++Cu ( EoCu2++Cu 0 )T+2/ ln -Cu.+ -Cu2+.

<otential of Cu2+ concentration in solution A,%,C,D,E is increasing. And sample solution has concentartion >>,: m= -Cu2+. (

VI.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION <otentiometric method has se eral kinds are distinguished by the type of electrode used. Two components of the electrodes used are indicator electrode and a reference electrode. )eference electrode is an electrode comparator used to compare the potential alue is read by the indicator electrode. The re!uirements that must be completed to be used as a reference electrode isA
a& Comply $ersnt e!uation is re ersible '& 6a e a constant electrode potential by the time #& )ight back to initial potential alue when small current flowing d& An electrode that is ideally nonpolariBation

Cndicator electrode is a second electrode used. This electrode is used to analyBe or read potential generated by the sample and the alue will indicate how large the sample concentration. Cndicator electrode is generally di ided into 2 partsA
a&

metal indicator electrode 5etal indicator electrode is an electrode which is made using metal plates or wire dipped in an electrolyte solution. 5etal electrodes can be grouped into the first type electrode 7first kind;, the second type electrode 7second kind;, the third type of electrode 7third kind;, redo" electrode. 2f arious kinds of metal electrodes, in this e"periment using the first type of electrode, the electrode directly continuous with the cations from the metal

'&

membrane indicator electrode The indicator electrode is usually sensiti e to only one type of ion. =oltage generated depends on the number of ions in the solution on the surface. Ct can be seen from the amount or concentration of ions in solution, but this practice is not to use the membrane indicator electrode. After copper wire was inserted and filled with Cu12 3 solution, Cu metal as an indicator electrode. 1tandard solution used in this e"periment is Cu123 solution with a concentration of 1"14#8 5, 2"14#8 5, 3"14#8 5, 9"14#8 5, 1:"14#8 5 and 4.1 5 Cu123 solution as its main solution. After all the samples were made then measured the samples potential using the electrode has been created. And results such as those set forth in the table of obser ations. /rom these results, made the graph that relates between the concentration with the potential difference. Dhere the higher the concentration the higher the potential difference and could mean that the concentration is directly proportional to the potential difference. This is because at higher

concentrations, more acti ity of ions so resulting in a higher current and also showed a large potential difference. %elow is a graph of potential difference and concentration.

<icture 1A'raph showing the relationship between the concentration of the potential difference the e"periments we did, the results obtained Cu 2 + concentration is ery much different as it should which is about 4.448 5. This is due to se eral factors, namely less accurate in reading the potential alue of each standard solution. because of the alue that appears in the tool changing and difficult to remain constant

VII.

CONCLUSION

%ased on the result of e"periment, it may be concluded thatA

"

The higher the concentration the higher the potential difference and could mean that the concentration is directly proportional to the potential difference. The principle of potentiometric method is measurement of the potential difference when no current is flowing.

"

VIII. RE#ERRENCES

Day, ). A and Enderwood, A. F. 1??1. Quantitative Analysis Sixth Eddition. $ew GerseyA <rentice 6all. Cnc. <oedHiastoeti, 1ri, dkk. 2411. Panduan Kimia Analitik II: Dasar-Dasar Pemisahan Kimia. 1urabayaA Enesa press. 1oebagio, dkk. 2418. Common Text ook Kimia Analitik II. 5alangA E$5

ANS$ER % &UESTION 1. Drite the e!uation of linear regression from the relation between I concentration and J as potentialK Ans!er: ariable as

J(12,911" + 12:,: )2(4,??@

2. 6ow to determine the amount of electron that occurs in reactionL Ans!er: The tendency of electrons to flow from one chemical to another is known as electrochemistry. This is what occurs in a concentration cell. The electrons flow from the left side 7or left beaker; to the right side 7or right beaker;. %ecause the left side is losing electrons and the right is gaining them, the left side is called the o"idation side

and the right side is the reduction side. Although you could switch the two to be on the opposite sides, this is the general way in which the set up is done. The o"idation side is called the anode and the reduction side is the cathode. Ct is the flow of the electrons that cause one side to be o"idiBed and the other to be reduced. Cu2+ + 2e# ( Cu Mn2+ + 2e# ( Mn 2"idation + amount of electron ( reduction

J(a" + b a(tg N(slope b(

8. Can the concentration of Cu2+ from the p6L E"plainK Ans!er: De can determine the concentration of ion from the p6 if we use 1tandard 6ydrogen Electrode 716E; 26+ + 2e ) 62 E 6++62(4,44 =

E 6++62( E 6++62 + )T+2/ ln -6+.2

E 6++62( E 6++62 + )T+/ ln -6+. E 6++62( E 6++62 0 2,848 )T+n/ p6

3. Determine the e!uilibrium constant from Cu2+ becomes CuK Ans!er: Cu2+ + 2e# ( Cu Mn7s; ( Mn2+ + 2e# Cu2+ + Mn7s; ( Mn2+ + Cu E ( Eo # 74.4>?2+n; 7log O; which at e!uilibrium, where the cell is dead and E ( Bero, becomesA 4 4 #1.14 log * * ( Eo # 74.4>?2+n; 7log *; ( 1.14 # 74.4>?2+2; 7log *; ( # 4.42?: log* ( 8@.1:2 ( 1.3>"148@ Eo ( 4.88@ Eo( 4.@:8 Eo ( 1.14 olts

ATTACHMENT

CALCULATION J(12,991" + 12:,: )2(4,??@

! Cu*Cu2+ + "! Cu*Cu2+ "

,,,-

12-,- . 12,//1

,,,12,//1

12-,- + 12,//1 + " 12-,-

+ + 1Cu2+2 +

"12-,-*12,//1 0,/2/ 1/,03 M