Primary Sedimentation tank

Purpose:
1- Removal of 40 - 60 % of suspended solids
2- Removal of 25 - 35 % of B.O.D.
3- Sediment the organic and inorganic matters to improve the properties of
the sewage and prepare it for the biological treatment.
Types of primary sedimentation tanks:
1- Rectangular tank.
2- Circular tank.
Factors affecting sedimentation efficiency:
1- Viscosity
2- Concentration of suspended solids
3- Retention period
4- Horizontal velocity
5- Temperature
6- Surface loading rate = 24 - 48 m/m/day



Primary sedimentation tank
(horizontal flow)


























Effluent weir of rectangular sedimentation tank
Rectangular primary sedimentation tank


























Primary sedimentation tank
(Radial flow)
Circular primary sedimentation tank
7- Dimension of tank
8- Dead zones.
Design criteria:
1- Retention period = T = 2 - 3 hrs
2- Surface loading rate (S.L.R.) = 24 - 48 m/m/day
3- Horizontal velocity 0.3 m/min
4- Effluent weir loading (E.W.L.) 600 m/m/day ( 25 m/m/hr)
5- L = 3 5 B
L 40 m
6- d = 3 - 5 m
7- B = 2 3 d
8- 40 m
9- Bottom slope for circular tank = 4 - 10 %
for rectangular tank = 1 - 2 %
V = Qd x T
S.L.R = Qd / S.A
Example:
For a sewage treatment plant, the following data are given:
- Qave summer = 18000 m3/d
- S.L.R = 30 m3/m2/d
It is required to design primary sedimentation tanks.
Solution:
Qd = 1.5 x 18000 = 27000 m3/d
For rectangular tank:
Assume T = 2.5 hr















2
3
900
30
27000
.
.
. .
5 . 2812
24
5 . 2
27000
m A S
A S
Q
R L S
m
T Q V
d
d
= =
=
= =
=








































m
loading weir
Q
weir of Length
d m m loading weir take
unsafe d m m
b n
Q
L W E
safe m
d b n
Q
area tional cross
Q
V
Check
m
L
A S
b
m length Assume
m k one of A S
n Take
m
A S
V
d
d
d
d d
h
5 . 22
600 2
27000
/ / 600
600 / / 1200
25 . 11 2
27000
. . 2
min / 3 . 0 269 . 0
60 24 ) 1 . 3 25 . 11 2 (
27000
sec
1
:
25 . 11
40
450 .
40
450
2
900
tan .
2
1 . 3
900
5 . 2812
.
3
3
2
=

= =
=
=

=
=

=

= =
= = =
=
= =
=
= =
=

L/7

L/7
Circular primary sedimentation tank:


































Example:
Estimate the volume of sludge produced per 27000 m3/d if the influent S.S
300 mg/l. The removal efficiency is 60%.


2
3
900
30
2700
.
.
. .
5 . 2812
24
5 . 2
27000
m A S
A S
Q
R L S
m
T Q V
d
d
= =
=
= =
=
m
m k one of A S
n Take
m
A S
V
d
24
4
450
2
900
tan .
2
1 . 3
900
2700
.
2
2
=
=
= =
=
= =
=
|
t|
safe d m m
n
n
Q
L W E
safe m m
d n
Q
v
Chick
d
d
h
600 / / 179
24
27000
. . 2
min / 3 . 0 min / 04 . 0
) 60 24 ( 1 . 3 24 2
27000
1
:
3

=

=

=
=

=

=
t
| t
t
| t
Solution:

































For circular tank:





d m
G S
weight
solids dry of Volume
m t sludge of gravity Specific
d t solids dry of Weight
/ 718 . 4
03 . 1
86 . 4
.
/ 03 . 1
/ 86 . 4 10 27000 300
100
60
3
3
6
= = =
=
= =

) 2 1 ( 925 . 0
265 . 38
3 796 . 11
) 64 . 31 1 64 . 31 1 (
3
796 . 11
64 . 31
2
25 . 11
2
25 . 11
2 2
1 1
) (
3
/ 796 . 11
2
59 . 23
12 min
/ 59 . 23
2
18 . 47
/ 18 . 47
2
37 . 94
tan
:
/ 37 . 94
05 . 0
718 . 4
) % 5 ( % 95
2
2
1
2 1 2 1
3
3
3
3
= =

=
+ + + =
= =
=
=
+ + + =
= =
= =
= =
= =
=
h m h
h
m
B B
a
m m a
a a a a
h
V
d m hopper per sludge of Volume
hours every withdrawal sludge g Assu
d m hopper per sludge of Volume
d m k per sludge of Volume
hopper of Design
d m sludge of Volume
solids sludge of content Moisture
o o
u
|
| | t
60 45
2 1
1
)
2
(
4
2 2
=
=
>
+
=
m h
m
h V
s
s b

safe s m v
mm mm m
s m pipe sludge in v v A Q
s m Q
utes utes withdrawal of time Assume
pipe withdrawal sludge of Design
act
sludge
sludge
/ 24 . 1
) 150 ( 200 22 . 0
1
4
039 . 0
/ 5 . 1 1
/ 039 . 0
60 5
796 . 11
) min 20 5 ( min 5
:
2
3
=
> ~ =
=
= =
=

| |
t|