Sugarcane Cultivation

..1..
Modern rrigation & Fertigation

methodologies for higher yields in
8ugarcane
bLa C aD.. Water is life.. J a aD..
J8I0 IllI8II00 8jtI0Nt LI0.,
Jalgaon
J8I0 IllI8II00 8jtI0Nt LI0.
Jain Plastic Park, Bambhori, P. O. Box 72, Jalgaon - 425 001,
Tel.: 0257-250011/22, Fax: 0257-251111/22, E-mail: jisl@jains.com,
Visit us at : www.jains.com
Provided by J ains.com
..3..
JAN GROUP
Fror a very ruro|e oeg|rr|rg |r 193 as a Trad|rg Corpary, Ja|r 0roup ras
o|ossored |r|o ar Agr|cu||ure lrlras|ruc|ure Corpary, secord |o rore |r |re
Cour|ry, oy |re sreer d|r| ol |rv|rc|o|e de|err|ra||or ard ded|ca||or ol a 0reet
V|s|onery 8hr|. hever|e| h|re|e| Je|n, the Founder 6he|rmen of the 0roup,
who hes eppropr|ete|y been ewerded the "6RAwF0R0 RE|0 YEY0R|AL
AwAR0" by the |RR|0AT|0N A8806|AT|0N of U8A, lor r|s s|gr|l|car|
acr|everer|s |r proro||rg proper lrr|ga||or Tecrr|ques ard los|er|rg rajor
advarcerer|s |r |re lrdus|ry ou|s|de |re ur||ed 3|a|es.
Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., |re l|agsr|p corpary ol |re 0roup, |s |re p|oreer
ard rar|e| |eader |r V|cro lrr|ga||or lrdus|ry |r |re Cour|ry ard ras covered
over 1.5 |a|rs acres ol |ard urder 0r|p lrr|ga||or W||r over 15 d|llerer| crops.
Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., ex|erded ||s ac||v|||es |r|o r|-|ecr agro re|a|ed
ver|ures |||e T|ssue Cu||ure P|ar|s, 0reer |ouse Cors|ruc||or, wa|er 3o|uo|e
3o||d/||qu|d ler||||zers, 8|o-pes||c|des ard 8|o-ler||||zers. Corserva||or oe|rg |re
ra|r |rrus| |r |re Corpary's ac||v|||es, || Wer| |r|o |re rarulac|ure ol 3o|ar
wa|er rea||rg sys|er as We|| as Eco-lr|erd|y PvC door/W|rdoW prol||es ard PvC/
Po|ycaroora|e/Acry||c sree|s lor var|ous app||ca||ors rep|ac|rg Wood.
As a lorWard |r|egra||or, Ja|r 0roup, d|vers|l|ed |r|o lood process|rg ard rave
|Wo s|a|e-ol-|re-ar| p|ar|s W||r a capac||y ol 120 VT eacr per day(|re |arges| |r
As|a) lor process|rg vege|ao|es ard lru||s. Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., |s |re
or|y Corpary |r |re Cour|ry |o rave a Researcr ard 0eve|oprer| larr sparr|rg
over 1000 acres ol |ard Wr|cr |s |re or|y ore ol ||s ||rd recogr|zed oy |re 0ov|.
ol lrd|a |r Pr|va|e 3ec|or lor agr|cu||ure re|a|ed ac||v|||es ard exper|rer|s or
var|ous agroror|c ard |rr|ga||or prac||ces |r ||re W||r lr|erra||ora| Prac||ces.
Tre Corpary's ra|r |rrus| |s |o |o|a||y roderr|ze |re lrr|ga||or app||ca||or
prac||ces |r lrd|a W||r a v|eW |o |rprove |re 0ua|||y, Produc||or, Corserva||or
ard a|so |o l|rd a r|cre |r |re Wor|d expor| rar|e| lor |re lrd|ar produce. w||r
|r|s |r r|rd, the 6ompeny todey, |s tote||y equ|pped to deve|op, v|rtue||y
from 6oncept to 6omm|ss|on|ng of Agro |rr|get|on Projects on eny type
end s|ze of |end enywhere w|th|n the 6ountry or ebroed, tek|ng up the jobs
on e turnkey bes|s to comp|ete end hend over on e t|me bound schedu|e.
Hi-tech Agriculture : One-8top-8hop
F|rst we he|p Fermers to Produce more end better
Researcr & Agr|cu||ura| Tra|r|rg Turr|ey we|| Cas|rg &
0eve|oprer| & Adv|se Projec| 3creer P|pes
PvC, |0PE P|pes 0r|p & 3pr|r||er T|ssue Cu||ured P|ar|s 8|o Fer||||zers
& F||||rgs lrr|ga||or 3ys|er & ||gr 0ua|||y 3eeds
Then we Purchase Fruits & Vegetables
And Process & Market
0r|or & vege|ao|es Fru|| Purees &
0erydra||or Corcer|ra|es
0ores||c Var|e| Expor| Var|e|
..3..
JAN GROUP
Fror a very ruro|e oeg|rr|rg |r 193 as a Trad|rg Corpary, Ja|r 0roup ras
o|ossored |r|o ar Agr|cu||ure lrlras|ruc|ure Corpary, secord |o rore |r |re
Cour|ry, oy |re sreer d|r| ol |rv|rc|o|e de|err|ra||or ard ded|ca||or ol a 0reet
V|s|onery 8hr|. hever|e| h|re|e| Je|n, the Founder 6he|rmen of the 0roup,
who hes eppropr|ete|y been ewerded the "6RAwF0R0 RE|0 YEY0R|AL
AwAR0" by the |RR|0AT|0N A8806|AT|0N of U8A, lor r|s s|gr|l|car|
acr|everer|s |r proro||rg proper lrr|ga||or Tecrr|ques ard los|er|rg rajor
advarcerer|s |r |re lrdus|ry ou|s|de |re ur||ed 3|a|es.
Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., |re l|agsr|p corpary ol |re 0roup, |s |re p|oreer
ard rar|e| |eader |r V|cro lrr|ga||or lrdus|ry |r |re Cour|ry ard ras covered
over 1.5 |a|rs acres ol |ard urder 0r|p lrr|ga||or W||r over 15 d|llerer| crops.
Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., ex|erded ||s ac||v|||es |r|o r|-|ecr agro re|a|ed
ver|ures |||e T|ssue Cu||ure P|ar|s, 0reer |ouse Cors|ruc||or, wa|er 3o|uo|e
3o||d/||qu|d ler||||zers, 8|o-pes||c|des ard 8|o-ler||||zers. Corserva||or oe|rg |re
ra|r |rrus| |r |re Corpary's ac||v|||es, || Wer| |r|o |re rarulac|ure ol 3o|ar
wa|er rea||rg sys|er as We|| as Eco-lr|erd|y PvC door/W|rdoW prol||es ard PvC/
Po|ycaroora|e/Acry||c sree|s lor var|ous app||ca||ors rep|ac|rg Wood.
As a lorWard |r|egra||or, Ja|r 0roup, d|vers|l|ed |r|o lood process|rg ard rave
|Wo s|a|e-ol-|re-ar| p|ar|s W||r a capac||y ol 120 VT eacr per day(|re |arges| |r
As|a) lor process|rg vege|ao|es ard lru||s. Ja|r lrr|ga||or 3ys|ers L|d., |s |re
or|y Corpary |r |re Cour|ry |o rave a Researcr ard 0eve|oprer| larr sparr|rg
over 1000 acres ol |ard Wr|cr |s |re or|y ore ol ||s ||rd recogr|zed oy |re 0ov|.
ol lrd|a |r Pr|va|e 3ec|or lor agr|cu||ure re|a|ed ac||v|||es ard exper|rer|s or
var|ous agroror|c ard |rr|ga||or prac||ces |r ||re W||r lr|erra||ora| Prac||ces.
Tre Corpary's ra|r |rrus| |s |o |o|a||y roderr|ze |re lrr|ga||or app||ca||or
prac||ces |r lrd|a W||r a v|eW |o |rprove |re 0ua|||y, Produc||or, Corserva||or
ard a|so |o l|rd a r|cre |r |re Wor|d expor| rar|e| lor |re lrd|ar produce. w||r
|r|s |r r|rd, the 6ompeny todey, |s tote||y equ|pped to deve|op, v|rtue||y
from 6oncept to 6omm|ss|on|ng of Agro |rr|get|on Projects on eny type
end s|ze of |end enywhere w|th|n the 6ountry or ebroed, tek|ng up the jobs
on e turnkey bes|s to comp|ete end hend over on e t|me bound schedu|e.
Hi-tech Agriculture : One-8top-8hop
F|rst we he|p Fermers to Produce more end better
Researcr & Agr|cu||ura| Tra|r|rg Turr|ey we|| Cas|rg &
0eve|oprer| & Adv|se Projec| 3creer P|pes
PvC, |0PE P|pes 0r|p & 3pr|r||er T|ssue Cu||ured P|ar|s 8|o Fer||||zers
& F||||rgs lrr|ga||or 3ys|er & ||gr 0ua|||y 3eeds
Then we Purchase Fruits & Vegetables
And Process & Market
0r|or & vege|ao|es Fru|| Purees &
0erydra||or Corcer|ra|es
0ores||c Var|e| Expor| Var|e|
..1..
CONTENT8
1. lr|roduc||or ........................................................................... 05
2. 3o|| ........................................................................................ 0
3. C||ra||c adap||or ................................................................... 0
1. Lard prepara||or & 0r|p lrr|ga||or ......................................... 0Z
5. 3ugarcare var|e||es .............................................................. 09
. 3eed 3e|ec||or ...................................................................... 10
Z. P|ar||rg re|rods & 3eed ra|e .............................................. 10
8. Propaga||or ard 0err|ra||or |rr|ga||or ................................ 12
9. lrr|ga||or ol 3ugarcare.......................................................... 11
10. 0r|p 3ys|er lor 3ugarcare ................................................... 15
11. V|rera| ru|r|||or..................................................................... 1Z
12. F|e|d 0|agros|s ol ru|r|er| delec|erc|es ................................ 18
13. Fer||ga||or ............................................................................. 19
11. lr|ercu||ure ............................................................................ 22
15. Ear|r|rg up ............................................................................ 22
1. Ra|oor raragerer| ............................................................ 23
1Z. F|e|d ra|r|erarce ol 0r|p 3ys|er ........................................ 21
18. Trouo|esroo||rg ard Rered|es ............................................ 3
19. FA0's .................................................................................... 38
20. Ja|r Kore| Ra|rgur lor 3ugarcare ...................................... 11
*0|sc|e|mer : Tre pac|age ol prac||ces g|ver |r |r|s ooo||e| |s oased or ||r||ed
exper|rer|a| da|a ard reed ro| oe app||cao|e |o a|| 3ugarcare groW|rg
areas.Trerelore, |re corpary does ro| guarar|ee |re produc||or |eve|s rer||ored
rere |r every |oca||or Wrere |re pac|age |s adop|ed.
..15..
..5..
NTRODUCTON
lrd|a |s Wor|d's |arges| producer ol sugar ard sugarcare. 3ugarcare |s
cu|||va|ed |r aoou| 1.09 r||||or ra produc|rg aoou| 283 r||||or | ol care W||r
ar average produc||v||y Z2. VT / ra. 0l |re severa| agr|cu||ura| crops,
3ugarcare |s |re ros| rerurera||ve crop ard ras a very r|gr ecoror|c
o|orass |o |o|a| o|orass ra||o. l|s requ|rerer|s lor Wa|er ard ler||||zer are
equa||y very r|gr. Aoou| 0 ol care |r lrd|a |s |r |re suo|rop|ca| zore ard
10 |r |rop|ca| zore. Tre produc||v||y var|es s|gr|l|car||y oe|Weer |rese
zores, || |s 89 & 58 VT/ra, respec||ve|y.
lr lrd|a area urder 3ugarcare |s r|gres|, 21.1 |a|r ra |r uP. Tre produc||v||y
ol VP |s |oWes|, 39.3 VT/ra ard |ra| ol Tar||radu |s r|gres|,131.2 VT / ra
|r |re cour|ry. Excep| |r Vararasr|ra, 3ugarcare |s groWr W||r l|ood
|rr|ga||or |r a|| o|rer s|a|es. produc||v||y ol care |s dec||r|rg due |o excess
use ol Wa|er & |roa|arced ler||||ser doses. Tre average y|e|ds ol sugarcare
|r |re rajor s|a|es are sroWr oe|oW. (F|g.1)
60N8TRA|NT8 F0R 6ANE Y|EL0 AN0 PR00U6T|V|TY
1) Nor ava||ao||||y ol r|gr y|e|d|rg var|e||es
2) 0ear|r ol good qua|||y seed
3) lrproper Wa|er raragerer|
1) use ol |roa|arced ler||||ze doses
AVERAGE SUGARCANE YIELD
0
20
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80
100
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..11..
JAN - KOMET RAN GUN RRGATON 8Y8TEMFOR
8UGARCANE
Ra|r gurs are |re |a|es| deve|oprer| |r spr|r||er |rr|ga||or. Trese are s|ee|
corpac| |arge s|zed spr|r||ers W||r |org rarge ard rore versa|||e Wa|er
de||very sys|ers |rrougr |r|ercrargeao|e rozz|es. Tre ur||s are s|urdy
ra|r|erarce lree ard Wa|er |uor|ca|ed. Trey are su||ao|e lor a var|e|y ol crops
|rc|ud|rg sugarcare.
Feetures
Ra| r gurs are red| ur |o r| gr vo| ure | rpac|
spr|r||ers. Trey are equ|pped W||r reavy du|y
cors|ruc|| or W| |r pro|ec|ed oear| rgs. L| gr| | r
We|gr| |rese ur||s are easy |o |rs|a|| ard rave |org
Wear ||le ard very |oW ra|r|erarce. Trey are
prov|ded W||r a ur|que je|-orea|er |o prov|de ur|lorr We|||rg pa||err |r |re
er||re spar ol |re Wa|er je|. Tre Wa|er d|s|r|ou||or |s ur|lorr ard |ess allec|ed
oy W|rd corpared |o corver||ora| spr|r||ers. Trese gurs are su||ao|e lor oo|r
so||d s|a|e ard sr|l|ao|e sys|ers.
Tre gurs core |r lu|| c|rc|e ard par| c|rc|e adjus|rer|s. 0eperd|rg or |re
rode|, |re pressure (rarg|rg lror 2- |g/cr2) ard |re rozz|e se|ec|ed |re
|rroW rarges lror 19.5 r |o 31.5 r lor |re sra||er gurs ard up|o 51 r |o Z0
r lor o|gger gurs. For sugarcare |re gurs are l|||ed |o |r|pod s|ards ol 1.5r
|o 2 r re|gr|.
|nste||et|on of Re|ngun
Ra|r gur car oe |rs|a||ed e||rer as a Perrarer| sys|er, or 3er|-perrarer|
sys|er or Por|ao|e (sr|l|ao|e) sys|er |r |re care l|e|d. lr |re perrarer| sys|er
gurs are perrarer||y |rs|a||ed |r |re l|e|d as per des|gred spac|rg. Tre |r|||a|
cos| |s r|gr ou| || saves |aoour cos| requ|red |r rard||rg ard sr|l||rg.
lr |re ser|-perrarer| sys|er a p|pe||re re|Wor| |s |rs|a||ed perrarer||y ard
ou||e|s (rydrar|s) aare |a|er ou| a| |re des|red spac|rg. Ra|rgurs are rour|ed
or |o |re rydrar|s.
lr |re por|ao|e rode |re corp|e|e sys|er ol p|pe||re ard gur are sr|l|ed lror
ore p|ace |o aro|rer as per |re des|gr. Tre |r|pod l|||ed |o a |ro||ey sys|er car
a|so oe used lor sr|l||rg |re gurs.
Tre prec|p||a||or ra|e car oe adjus|ed oy pressure ard or rozz|e s|ze. Tre
prec|p||a||or ra|e rus| oe de|err|red cors|der|rg |re so|| |ype ard ||s
|rl|||ra||or ra|e |o avo|d pord|rg ard Was|age ol Wa|er. For sugarcare ar
average prec|p||a||or ra|e |s es||ra|ed as 1 |o 18 rr lor a per|od ol 1 days.
Ra|rgur TW|r95 Vode|
Wor||rg |r a 3ugarcare F|e|d
....
5) Neg||gerce |r p|ar| pro|ec||or.
) LoW aWareress arorg |re larrers |o use |rproved cu|||va||or prac||ces.
Z) Poor a||er||or |o Ra|oor crop
3ugarcare crop oe|orgs |o 6ram|neae, |re grass lar||y. l| respords We|| |o
ru|r|||or & Wa|er raragerer|. 3ugarcare produc||v||y car |rcrease |l
appropr|a|e |rr|ga||or & ler||||za||or raragerer| |s lo||oWed.
80|L A8 A YE0|UY F0R 8UPPLY|N0, A|R, wATER AN0 NUTR|ENT8
Crop s|ards |r |re l|e|d lror 12 |o 18 ror|rs. 3ugarcare roo|s ex|erds |o 90
cr dep|r. 3ugarcare groWs ex|rere|y We|| |r red|ur |o reavy, We|| dra|red,
so||s ol p| Z.5 |o 8.5 ard r|gr orgar|c ra||er cor|er|. wa|er |ogged so||s ard
so||s ol poor dra|rage are ro| su||ao|e. 0roW|r ol 3ugarcare W||| oe poor |r ||gr|
sardy so||s. 0ypsur, or su|prur car oe used lor so|| rec|ara||or ol sa||re ard /
or a||a||re so||s.
6L|YAT|6 A0APTAT|0N
|ea|, rur|d||y, ard sur||gr| |r|ers||y p|ay |rpor|ar| ro|e |r 3ugarcare gerr|ra||or,
||||er|rg, vege|a||ve groW|r ard ra|ur||y. 3ugarcare groWs We|| |r rur|d & ro|
Wea|rer. For rore ||||ers || requ|res a |erpera|ure reg|re ol 30 |o 35 oC. l|
requ|res rur|d||y ol Z0 lor rore vege|a||ve groW|r. 3ugar corvers|or |s rore
a| |oWer |erpera|ures. l| reeds a per|od ol coo| Wea|rer or a per|od ol Wa|er
s|ress lor sucrose accuru|a||or |r |re s|ers.
3ugarcare |r lrd|a |s groWr lror 8o N |o 30o N |a|||ude cover|rg a W|de rarge ol
c||ra||c cord|||ors ard so||s. TWo d|s||rc| reg|ors ol care cu|||va||or are
recogr|zed, |re |rop|ca| ard suo|rop|ca|. Tre |rop|ca| reg|or |s sou|r ol |re
v|rdryas ard c||ra||ca||y oes| su||ed lor sugarcare cu||ure Wr||e |re suo|rop|ca|
reg|or, Nor|r ol |re v|rdryas exper|erces ex|reres ol |erpera|ures. |ere |re
surrer |erpera|ures are very r|gr ard |re W|r|er |erpera|ures are very |oW.
Tre care groW|rg seasor |s |rus res|r|c|ed a| oo|r erds. Tre sror|er |re groW|rg
seasor |re |esser |re y|e|ds ard |oWer |re sugar recovery.
Tre var|a||or |r average care y|e|d |s very r|gr (F|g. 1) W||r TN produc|rg r|gres|
y|e|d ol |re cour|ry ard VP |re |oWes|. 3|r||ar|y |re recovery ra|e |s a|so var|ao|e
(F|g. 2)
..13..
Farmer- Sri Sanjeev Mane, at Post Ashta, Tk- walwa, Sangli,MS (1999-2000)
1 Area, acres 5
2 Row to Row Spacing, ft 3
3 Spacing between pairs of Rows, ft 6
4 Drip type: 16 mm Lateral with turbokey
4lph at 0.75m
S.No. Particulars
Drip Flood
1 Fixed Cost 80000 0
a. Life (years ) 10 0
b. Depreciation, Rs (10% of [1]) 10% 8000 0
c. Interest rate, Rs (15% of [1]) 15% 12000 0
d. Repair & Maintenance, Rs (2% of [1]) 2% 1600 0
e. Total (1b+1c+1d) 21600 0
f. Fixed cost per acre, Rs =(1e/Area) 4320 0
2 Cost of Cultivation per acre, 25000 27000
3 Total Cost of Cultivation, Rs = (2)*Area 125000 135000
4 Seasonal Total Cost (1e+3), Rs 146600 135000
5 Water Consumption,mm 1200 2000
6 Yield of Produce, MT/acre 98 60
7 Total Yield of Produce, MT (6)*Area 492 300
8 Selling Price,Rs./Ton 1000 1000
9 Gross Income from produce,Rs = (7x8) 492000 300000
10 Net Seasonal Income,Rs = ( 9-4 ) 345400 165000
11 Gross Cost of Production,Rs 146600 135000
12 Total Gross Income,Rs 492000 300000
13 Gross Benefit Cost Ratio = (12/11) 3.36 2.22
14 Net Extra Income Due To Drip Over
Conventional Irrigation = [10drip-
10conventional]
180400 0
15 Pay-Back Period, Years =(1/14) 0.44
16 Water Use Efficiency, kg/ha mm. 202.54 74.10
ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION WITH DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
..Z..
lr TN, Karra|a|a, AP ard Vararasr|ra |re rear ror|r|y |erpera|ures are r|gr
Wr||e |re var|ao||||y |r |re rear ror|r|y |erpera|ure |s |ess. Tr|s lac|or |s
respors|o|e lor |re r|grer y|e|ds ol |rese s|a|es corpared |o o|rer |oW y|e|d|rg
s|a|es.
3|r||ar|y, |re rear r|r|rur |erpera|ure ard |re re|a||ve |erpera|ure d|spar||y
( |.e. |re d|llererce oe|Weer rear r|r|rur ard rear rax|rur |a|er over a
ror|r) are corpara||ve|y |oWer |r Vararasr|ra ard 0ujara| dur|rg |re r|per|rg
(ra|ur||y prase). Tr|s |s Wry |rese |Wo s|a|es acr|eve r|grer recover|es corpared
|o o|rer s|a|es. Tr|s W||| a|so exp|a|r Wry a s|a|e |||e TN Wr|cr ras |re r|gres|
y|e|d ol care records |re |oWes| recovery .
Trose s|a|es record|rg a rear r|r|rur |erpera|ure ol 11-18oC ard |oW re|a||ve
rur|d||y, 50-0 ard a |oW da||y rear |erpera|ure, 22-2oC dur|rg |re r|per|rg
per|od g|ves r|gres| recovery.
Lend Preperet|on requ|rements for effect|ve 0r|p |rr|get|on Yenegement
Prepara|ory || | | age | s a very
|rpor|ar| opera||or |r 3ugarcare
cu| || va|| or. 3ugarcare roo|s
pere|ra|e up|o 90 cr deep |r |re
so|| & rerce lor oe||er groW|r ol
roo|s ||||age ras ar |rpor|ar| ellec|.
3o|| prepara||or rus| des|roy |re
s|urps ol o|d cares ard |rprove
ary oad prys| ca| so| |
crarac|er|s||cs or |oss ol s|ruc|ure
P|ougr|rg
FurroW oper|rg
AVERAGE SUGAR RECOVERY
11.1 11
10.54
8.94
10.22
9.75
9.34
9.9
12.28
0
4
8
12
1
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e
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e
s
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t
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..12..
Farmer- K.K.R. Tamilarasu, Chokkanathapuram, Sivagangai, TN ** (2001-2002)
1 Area, acres 1
2 Row to Row Spacing, ft 2.5
4 Drip type: Turboline with integral drippers spaced at 0.75 m
S.No Particulars Spacing:
2 ' 3 ' 2 '
Drip Flood
e. Total (1b+1c+1d) 6750 0
C ti l I i ti [10d i
15190 0
**
The Mill reports a recovery % of 12.16 under drip and only 11.81 under
conventional Irrigation
..8..
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..11..
2. Eng|neer|ng 8erv|ces
Ja|rs' erg|reers W||| |a|e up survey ol eacr larr, ard des|gr, |rs|a||a||or
ard corr|ss|or|rg ol eacr sys|er. Tre |ecrr|c|ars s|a||ored a| |re projec|
s||e W||| |ra|r larrers |r opera||rg |re sys|er ard or regu|ar ra|r|erarce
prac||ces. Trey W||| |a|e up per|od|ca| serv|ces a|so. A| lrequer| |r|erva|s
derors|ra||ors ol opera||ors |||e ler||ga||or, sys|er |rea|rer|, l|usr|rg e|c.
W||| oe corduc|ed lor larrer groups or s||e oy |ears ol corpary exper|s.
3. Agronom|c 8erv|ces
Agroror|c prac||ces requ|red lor sys|er adop||or ard lor acr|ev|rg r|gr
y|e|d ol care W||| oe exp|a|red |o |re larrers ard |o |re care oll|cers lor |r
ex|ers|or c|asses corduc|ed oy corpary agroror|s|s. Tra|r|rg progrars
are a|so corduc|ed lor larrer groups a| |re cer|ra| |ra|r|rg lac||||y ol |re
corpary |oca|ed a| Ja|gaor. 8oo||e|s ard parpr|e|s descr|o|rg pac|ages
ard prac||ces W||| oe g|ver |o |re larrers.
4. Ane|yt|ce| 8erv|ces
3o|| ard Wa|er ara|y||ca| da|a lror eacr larr are cr|||ca| |rpu|s |r sys|er
des|gr ard prepa|rg |re ra|r|erarce scredu|e. Tre corpary ras roderr
ara|y||ca| lac|||||es ard W||| |a|e up so|| ard Wa|er ara|ys|s as per reed.
5. Tre|n|ng end v|s|ts
Ja|r |rr|ga||or W||| |ra|r |re larrers ard sys|er opera|ors lor sys|er opera||or,
ra|r|erarce ard spec|a||sed ac||v|||es |||e ler||ga||or. Tre corpary W|||
corduc| c|asses ard orgar|se l|e|d |eve| rards-or |ra|r|rg progrars. ll
requ|red |re corpary W||| |ra|r lac|ory ex|ers|or persorre| a|so. Tre
spec|a||s|s lror |re corpary W||| v|s|| |re larrs per|od|ca||y oller|rg
sugges||ors.
..9..
|rose rave deve|oped dur|rg |re prev|ous
crop. A lr|ao|e seedoed W||rou| c|ods are
recessary lor ra|r|a|r|rg |re ellec||veress
ol dr|p |rr|ga||or as |re cap|||ary r|cr so||
prol||e (adequa|e poros||y) W||| a||oW lor
spread ol ro|s|ure |a|era||y ard ver||ca||y
lror |re po|r| source.
0re deep p| ougr| rg ard |Wo cross
rarroW|rgs are recorrerded. ll |re l|e|d ras |arge c|ods or o|d care s|urps,
Ro|ova|or re|ps |r c|od crusr|rg, ra||rg so|| |oose ard prov|d|rg l|re ||||r. FurroWs
are lorred a| Z5 |o 90 cr accord|rg |o |re so|| |ype ard p|ar||rg pa||err. 0rgar|c
rarure |||e We|| decorposed FYV srou|d oe added |r |re lurroWs or|y |o |rcrease
||s ell|c|ercy.
8ugercene Ver|et|es - Trere are ruroer ol var|e||es ava||ao|e oased or |re
su||ao||||y ol d|llerer| s|a|es ol |re cour|ry. For exarp|e, |r Vararasr|ra CoC-
Z1ard Co-8032 ard |r |re dr|er par|s ol TN Co-8032 are lourd |o oe |re oes|
var|e||es lor r|gr produc||v||y ard sugar recovery. L|s| ol var|e||es re|eased lor
correrc|a| cu|||va||or |r d|llerer| s|a|es |s g|ver oe|oW :-
u||er Pradesr : Co3-8Z, Co3-8Z21, Co Par|-81211, Co3-ZZ, Co3-802, Co3- Z918,
Co3-8315, Co3-8132
8|rar : 80-90, 80-99, Co-8Z28, 80-101, Co3-ZZ, 80-109, 80-10,
80-128.
wes| 8erga| : 80-90, CoJ-1, Co-Z218, Co-99Z, Co-1118, Co-Z221,
Co-21Z5, Co-2023, 80-91.
0r|ssa : Co-90Z, Co-Z508, Co-ZZ01, Co-8011, Co-21Z5, Co-Z219, Co-Z10,
Co A-89085.
Assar : Co-1008, Co 8LN-9102, Co8LN-9130, Co-90Z, Co-8315, Co-1132,
Cajor-1 & 2
Purjao : CoJ-1, CoJ-83, Co-Par|-81211, Co3-813, Co-89003, CoJ-85, Co3-
ZZ, Co Par|-90223.
|aryara : CoJ-58, Co-ZZ1Z, CoJ-1, Co3-813, Co3-ZZ, C0LK-8001, Co-9Z5.
Rajas|rar : Co-99Z, Co-52Z, Co-1Z, Co|-92201, Co-119, Co-52Z, Co3-91230,
Co Par|-90223
Vadrra Pradesr : Co-52Z, CoC-Z1, Co-Z311, Co-119, Co-Z8, Co-119, Co-Z318,
Co-Z80Z, Co-ZZ
0rgar|c rarure app||ed |r |re lurroWs
..10..
ra|r|erarce.
12. 0o cene lodge beceuse of drip irrigetion?
No. Lodg|rg occurs due r|gr W|rd speed. l| a|so occurs due |o |oWer dep|r
ol soW|rg. 0r|p |rr|ga|ed care a|so ex|erds ||s arcror roo| |o s|r||ar dep|rs
as l|oW |rr|ga|ed cares.
1J. how meny rettoons cen be teken under drip irrigetion?
0r|p |rr|ga||or re|ps you |o rave rore ra||oors |rar Wra| you are prac||s|rg
urder l|oW |rr|ga||or. lr o|rer cour|r|es larrers go lor 10-12 ra||oors per
crop urder dr|p sys|er.
14. Cen / use the seme drip system for other crops?
Yes. Tre sys|er |s su||ao|e lor o|rer roW crops, |||e vege|ao|es, pu|ses, or
cerea|s.
15. Cen en intercrop be teken in cene?
Yes . urder dr|p sys|er ard Pa|red roW p|ar||rg ore car successlu||y |a|e
ar |r|ercrop ol vege|ao|es, pu|ses or l|oWers.
16. whet ebout ret problem? 7hey will chew the leterels.
Roder|s are corror |r sugarcare l|e|ds. Trey creW |a|era|s lor suc||rg
Wa|er. Prov|d|rg percres |r |re l|e|d lor preda|ory o|rds, app|y|rg reer ca|e
lor |re crop, |eep|rg a||erra|e Wa|er sources lor ra|s ou|s|de |re l|e|d e|c. W|||
reduce |re rerace. lr s||ua||ors Wrere ra|s cu| |re |a|era|s |rey reed |o oe
recorrec|ed.
JA|N8' 0FFER T0 8U0AR6ANE FARYER8
Ja|r |rr|ga||or |r assoc|a||or W||r 3ugar lac|or|es |a|es up |urr|ey projec|s
lor |arge sca|e adop||or ol adop||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or |ecrro|ogy |r sugarcare
cu||ure. Tre corpary prov|des |re lo||oW|rg serv|ces oes|des supp|y|rg,
|rs|a|||rg ard serv|c|rg |re |rr|ga||or sys|er.
1. Yeter|e| 8upp|y
Ja|r |rr|ga||or W||| es|ao||sr a |erporary s|oc| po|r| a| |re sugar r||| or a
rearoy p|ace Wrere a|| corporer|s ol |re sys|er are s|oc|ed. 3upp|y ol |re
sys|er par|s ard |a|er or spares W||| oe rade ava||ao|e lror |re |oca| s|oc|.
Tr|s arrargerer| W||| ra|e || corver|er| lor |re users.
..10..
0ujara|r : Co-Z1, Co-85001, CoC-8008, Co-8032, Co-8021, Co|| - 8001.
Vararasr|ra : CoC-Z1, Co-8032, Co-8011, Co-85001,
Karra|a|a : CpC-Z1, Co-91002, Co-8032, Co-8011, Co-8Z011.
Ardrra Pradesr : CoC-85038, CoA-ZZ0, Cov-92103, CoA-8801,
CoA-89082, Co-8501.
Tar||radu : CoC-950Z1, CoC-Z1, CoJr-8111, Co-8032,
Co-8219, CoC-930Z.
Kera|a : CoC-Z1, CoJr-8111, Co-Z85, Co-21Z5.
8eed 8e|ect|on
Trougr y|e|d ol 3ugarcare |s deperded upor var|e|y, qua|||y ol good seed |s ar
equa||y |rpor|ar| cr||er|or. 3ugarcare |s
propaga|ed oy cu|||rgs or sec||ors ol |re s|a||s
ca||ed se|s. Tre se| srou|d oe:
1. Fresr & Ju|cy
2. Age srou|d oe ol 9 |o 10 ror|rs .
3. 3rou|d oe lree lror Pes| & 0|sease
1. Eye ouds srou|d oe lu||y deve|oped.
5. 3e|ec| se| lror p|ar|ed care lor seed ard rever lror a ra|oor care.
8eed Treetment
3eed |rea|rer| |s recessary lor prever||or ol lurga|
d|seases. 3e|s srou|d oe d|pped lor 15 r|ru|es |r a
so|u||or ol 8av|s||r 100 gr ard Va|a|r|or 250 r| |r 100
|||ers ol Wa|er.
PLANT|N0 YETh008 AN0 8EE0 RATE
R|dge end Furrow method
Norra||y sugarcare |s p|ar|ed or r|dges ard lurroWs re|rod oy us|rg |rree
eyed (ouded) se|s. FurroWs are opered a| every Z5-90 cr accord|rg |o |re so||
|ype. For |r|s re|rod 3.5 |o 1 VT seed |s requ|red per acre.
lrs|ead ol corver||ora| re|rod ol p|ar||rg, lor ra|r|a|r|rg op||rur p|ar|
popu|a||or ard easy raragerer| ard lor r|grer produc||or, roW re|rod ol
sugarcare p|ar||rg |s deve|oped. Tr|s |s |re oes| re|rod ol p|ar||rg, ard |r |r|s
||gr qua|||y se|s
3eed Trea|rer|
..39..
Roo|s ol p|ar|s spread |oWards |re po|r|s ol Wa|er ava||ao||||y Wr|cr a|so
ersures |ra| |re p|ar|s ge| adequa|e Wa|er |r dr|p |rr|ga|ed s||ua||ors.
5. Cen we use our existing pump for the drip system?
Yes. Tre corpary erg|reer W||| des|gr |re sys|er |a||rg |r|o cors|dera||or
ol |re ex|s||rg purp.
6. Cen we follow the existing plenting style [pettern}?
Yes you car. 8u| lor cos| reduc||or ard r|grer y|e|d ol care you ray lo||oW
|re pa|red roW p|ar||rg as descr|oed oy our Agroror|s|s.
7. 8ut the plent populetion will be low in peired row?
Yes |o a sra|| ex|er|. 8u| oecause ol r|grer |a|era| ||gr| pere|ra||or |r|o |re
roW care W||| ||||er rore ard |re y|e|d W||| oe r|grer |rar Wra| you ge| |r roW
p|ar||rg.
8. 7he dripper mey get clogged or blocked?
Tre sys|er requ|res per|od|ca| l|usr|rg W||r ac|d or cr|or|re. 8ased or |re
qua|||y ol |re Wa|er |re Corpary erg|reer W||| Wor| ou| a scredu|e lor
c|ear|rg ard W||| derors|ra|e |re c|ear|rg procedure. Tre corpary a|so
|ra|rs |re opera|or or regu|ar ra|r|erarce procedure, l|||er c|ear|rg e|c.
9. whether the selt content in the weter increese while edding fertilizer in
irrigetion weter?
Add|||or ol ler||||zer |r |re |rr|ga||or Wa|er |s ol very |oW quar|||y, rard|y ra|s|rg
|re so|u|e |oad |o 10-20 ppr. F|rs| sugarcare |s a sa|| |o|erar| crop ard
secord|y a so|u|e |oad ol up |o 1000 ppr |s |o|era|ed oy 3ugarcare.
10. 0o the drippers block or clogg when fertilizer is epplied through them?
0r|ppers do ro| o|oc| oy ler||||zer. F|rs| |re corcer|ra||ors ol ler||||zer |r Wa|er
|s very |oW. 3ecord|y ros| ol |re ler||||zers |r so|u||or |s ac|d|c ard |rerelore
|rey W||| or|y ass|s| |r c|ear|rg ary prev|ous sa|| accuru|a||or |r |re |a|era|
or dr|pper.
11. 0o we heve to replece the drip lines every yeer?
No. Tre dr|p ||res W||| s|ay |r Wor||rg cord|||or lor a r|r|rur ol sever years.
Tre res| ol |re par|s ol |re sys|er W||| s|ay lor 10-15 years. Tre our|ed PvC
p|pes W||| |as| a ||le- ||re. 3o dr|p ||re car oe used year al|er year W||r proper
..11..
re|rod lurroWs are opered |r a l|e|d a| Z5-90 cr accord|rg |o |re so|| |ype. lr
red|ur |ype so||s lurroWs are opered a| every Z5 cr ard |r reavy so||s lurroWs
are opered a| every 90 cr.
Al|er oper|rg lurroWs We|| decorposed FYV |s spread |r |rer. A oasa| dose ol
Prospra|e & Po|ass|ur ler||||zers, a|org W||r r|croru|r|er|s ard prora|e graru|es
are p|aced |r |re lurroWs ard covered oy |op so||. Trer p|ar||rg |s carr|ed ou|.
NoWadays p|ar||rg |s dore oy |Wo eyed se|s |eep|rg 1- cr d|s|arce oe|Weer
|Wo se|s. For |r|s 2 |o 2.5 VT seed |s requ|red per acre p|ar||rg.
8TP method w|th s|ng|e eye set
Recer||y, |r 3TP (3paced Trarsp|ar||rg) re|rod s|rg|e eyed se|s are used lor
p|ar||rg. E||rer d|rec| se|s or seed||rgs ra|sed |r po|yoag rurser|es are
|rarsp|ar|ed |r|o |re l|e|d al|er 50-55 days. For |r|s 3TP or s|rg|e eyed se| re|rod
Z50 |g - 1 VT seed per acre |s requ|red. Tr|s re|rod saves seed cos| oy 0-
Z0. lr |r|s re|rod d|s|arce oe|Weer |Wo se|s |ep| a| 30 cr.
Pe|red row method
lr pa|r roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg care se|s
are p|aced |r suosequer| |Wo lurroWs ard
rex| lurroW srou|d oe |ep| lree ol se|s. lr
pa|red roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg roW |o roW
d|s|arce vary lror 2.5' |o 3' deperd|rg
upor so|| |ype. 0re La|era| (lr||re |uo|rg)
|s sull|c|er| |o |rr|ga|e oo|r roWs. |erce
|a|era| |o |a|era| d|s|arce var|es lror Z.5' |o
9' ard dr|pper |o dr|pper spac|rg var|es lror 0 |o 90 cr. Tre pa|red roW re|rod
ol p|ar||rg |s rore popu|ar arorg |re larrers. Tre cos| ol dr|p sys|er |s reduced
oy 25-30. Trere |s a sav|rg |r seed cos|. 0roW|rg |r|ercrop |r |re space oe|Weer
|re pa|rs, |s poss|o|e. Tre crop raragerer| oecores easy, crop ge|s sull|c|er|
sur||gr| ard rerce groWs las|er. lr |r|s re|rod care produces rore ||||ers ard
r|||ao|e care. A|org W||r proper Wa|er ard ler||||zer raragerer| prac||ces y|e|d
|rcreases s|gr|l|car||y.
w|de furrow method
w|de lurroW re|rod ol p|ar||rg |s a|so a reW re|rod ol p|ar||rg. P|ar||rg ol
sugarcare |s carr|ed ou| |r a||erra|e lurroWs, |eav|rg a roW |o roW d|s|arce aoou|
150 cr. lr||re dr|p |a|era| |s prov|ded |o eacr roW ol care.
Pa|red roW
..38..
FREQUENTLY A8KED QUE8TON8 {FAQ8}
1. whether the meegre quentity of weter given through the drip system
is enough to setisfy the treditionelly flooded sugercene crop?
Arour| ol Wa|er app||ed |rrougr dr|p |s ro| reagre. Tre quar|||y ol Wa|er
app||ed |s pre-es||ra|ed oased or crop, age, so|| ard c||ra|e. Farrers are
prov|ded W||r |re |rr|ga||or scredu|e lor |re crop lor ||s er||re dura||or.
Trad|||ora| l|ood|rg crea|e excess Wa|er |r |re so|| arourd |re p|ar| |r |re
l|rs| 2-3 days ol |rr|ga||or. l| a|so crea|es a Wa|er s|ress |r |re so|| |r |re |as|
2-1 days ol |re |rr|ga||or cyc|e. lr dr|p |rr|ga|ed l|e|ds |re so|| Wa|er |s
ra|r|a|red a| ur|lorr |eve| |rrougrou|. 3ugarcare p|ar| car aosoro
(|rc|ud|rg |re gerera| evapora||or or|y 1-5 rr Wa|er per day). Tr|s |s
prov|ded oy |re dr|pper.
2. 7he drip lines, leterels ere en inconvenience during eerthing up.
lr a pa|red roW p|ar||rg |rere |s erougr space lor cu|||rg ol so|| oy spade
W||rou| |re |a|era| cor|rg |r |re Way. lr s|rg|e roW sys|er |re |a|era| |r
a||erra|e lurroWs W||| ro| oos|ruc| |re ear|r|rg up ac||v||y |l so|| |s cu| lror
ore s|de ol |re roW. lr lac| larrers rave oeer prac||s|rg ear|r|rg up |r dr|p
|rr|ga|ed care crop lor rore |rar a decade roW.
J. whet will heppen to the drip line while cutting the cene.
we recorrerd |re larrer |o pu|| |re dr|p ||re a| |re suora|r erd ard ro|| ||
ard p|ace || a| |re erd ol |re l|e|d. ll |re |a|era| ge|s cu|, a very se|dor
occurrerce, jo|rers are ava||ao|e |o recorrec| |re cu| erds.
4. 7he drip line is pleced some distence ewey from the plent row. whether
weter will reech the plent roots?
Tre Wa|er er|||ed lror |re dr|ppers W||| rove |a|era||y ard ver||ca||y. Tre
ra|e ol |rese roverer|s are deperded or |re so|| |ype. Your sys|er |s
des|gred |o prov|de a su||ao|e We|||rg pa||err lor |re crop ard su|||rg |o your
l|e|d so||. 3ugarcare roo|s reacr up |o 0 cr oe|oW |r |re so||. 8u| ros| ol
|re roo|s (0) are |r |re |op 10 cr so||. Tre d|scrarge ard rurr|rg ||re |s
prescr|oed |o see |ra| |re We|||rg c|rc|e covers |r|s so|| dep|r. Tre coa|esc|rg
ol We|||rg c|rc|es ol eacr dr|pper W||| prov|de a cor||ruous s|r|p ol We|ress |r
|re so|| Wr|cr |s adequa|e lor |re roW ol care.
..12..
PR0PA0AT|0N 0F 6ANE AN0 0ERY|NAT|0N |RR|0AT|0N
Eacr se| cor|a|rs ore or rore ouds ard a c|rc|e ol sra|| do|s aoove |re rode
Wr|cr are |re roo| pr|rord|a. wr||e gerr|ra||rg |re ouds deve|op |r|o pr|rary
sroo|s ard |re pr|rord|a deve|op |r|o se| roo|s. Tre se| roo| |r|||a||or ard
ex|ers|or requ|res cor||ruous preserce ol ro|s|ure |r |re |op so||.
PTMETHOD
RDGES AND FURROW METHOD
1.8m
2.5'OR 3'
LATERAL
S'CANE
DRPPER
* DRPPER TO DRPPER DSTANCE 2.5' OR 3'
* DRPPER DSCHARGE 4 Lph
* LATERAL TO LATERAL DSTANCE 6'
PARED ROW PLANTNG
* LATERAL TO LATERAL DSTANCE 6.5' TO 8'
* DRPPER TO DRPPER DSTANCE 2' TO 2.5'
* DRPPER DSCHARGE 2.2 OR 4 Lps
* ROW TO ROW SPACNG OF S'CANE 2.5' OR 3'
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6.5' TO 8'
2' TO 2.5'
2.5' OR3' 2.5' OR3' 4' OR5'
X
DRPPER
S'CANE
LATERAL
0err|ra||or ol 3e|
Ar eye sroW|rg oud ard
roo| pr|rord|a
..3Z..
8r. Prob|em 6euse Remedy
No.
10. No d|scrarge a| |re La|era|/dr|p |ape |s cu| or Crec| |a|era|/dr|p
|a|era|/dr|p |ape erd. p|rcred soreWrere |r |ape a|org |re |erg|r
oe|Weer. lor p|rcr|rg or cu|.
3|ra|gr|er || |l p|rcred
ard pu| jo|rers Wrerever
recessary.
11. Excess pressure a| |re l|||ers. No oy pass assero|y. lrs|a|| oypass assero|y |o
d|ver| excess l|oW ard ra|r|a|r
des|red l|oW ard pressure.
12. ver|ury |s ro| Wor||rg. LoWer pressure Cor|ro| |re 8y -pass va|ve
|rar recorrerded
a| |re pressure gauges. Crec| purp wor||rg lor |oW
Lea|ages |r |re pressure ard crec| |re ver|ury
ver|ury assero|y. assero|y proper|y l|||ed lor ||s
Purp Wor||rg |s ro| correc| d|rec||or & |ea|ages.
proper.
13. 3ard cores |r |re 3ard l|||er e|erer|s (o|ac| Crec| |re o|ac| card|es lor
screer l|||er a|org W||r card|es) are e||rer |re|r proper
|rasr, s|raWs e|c. |oosered or ro| |r p|ace ard proper|y l||||rg.
|re p|ace. wr||e c|ear|rg |re sard l|||er,
o|ac| card|es srou|d ro| oe
d|s|uroed W||r rard
roverer|.
11. very d|r|y Wa|er cores wa|er |s qu||e d|r|y La|era|/dr|p |ape
ou| a| |re erds ol W||r |o| ol s|||. srou|d oe l|usred orce
|a|era|/dr|p |ape. La|era|s/dr|p |apes are |r a Wee| regu|ar|y
ro| l|usred lor a |org ||re. o|rerW|se dr|ppers W||| g|ve
urever d|scrarge ard dr|p
|ape ro|es ge| c|ogged.
15. F|orous s||re or Wr||e wa|er cor|a|rs r|gr For sa||s |r |re lorr ol
crus|a||or groW|r quar|||y ol sa||s |r |re Wr||e crus|a||or, carry
ra|er|a| cores ou| lorr ol Wr||e crus|a||or ou| ac|d |rea|rer| ard
|rrougr |re |a|era|/ La|era|s/dr|p |apes lor l|orous s||re groW|r
dr|p|ape erds. rave ro| l|usred lor a ol a|gae carry ou| cr|or|re
|org ||re. |rea|rer| as per |re
recorrerda||ors.
1. A|r re|ease cur va|ve '0' r|rg ras dev|a|ed Pos|||or |re '0' r|rg
vacuur re|ease va|ve lror ||s oase ard oos|ruc|s proper|y or rep|ace reW
|ea||rg cors|ar||y. |r |re proper Wor||rg. |l |urr ou|.
TR0ULE 8h00T|N0 AN0 REYE0|E8
..13..
0ur|rg l|rs| ror|r al|er gerr|ra||or |re yourg p|ar| ||ves a| |re experse ol
reserves preser| |r |re s|a|| p|ece (se|). |oWever adequa|e Wa|er srou|d oe
rade ava||ao|e |r |re so||. Trerelore cor||ruous app||ca||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or lor
8-12 rours per day lor a Wee| al|er p|ar||rg or spr|r||er |rr|ga||or |||| |nc||en|
ono|ng occurs.
0|fferent growth steges end the|r duret|on
1. 0err|ra||or 15 |o 30 days al|er p|ar||rg
2. T|||er|rg 50 |o 120 days
3. 0rard 0roW|r Prase 121 |o 210 days
1. Va|ur||y 210- 35 days
Roots end weter & Y|nere| ebsorpt|on
Tre care roo| sys|er |s spec|a| |r |re serse |ra| |re roo|s lorred lror |re se|
d|es oll Wrer |re roo|s lror |re sroo|s s|ar| |o deve|op. Trese adver||||ous roo|s
lror |re sroo| are |re rajor lurc||orar|es. Trey carry ou| |re lurc||ors ol
arcrorage ard aosorp||or. 3|ud|es rave sroWr |ra| |re upper 30 cr so|| cor|a|rs
10-0 ol |re |o|a| roo| We|gr|. Aro|rer 20-30 |s preser| |r |re 30-0 cr zore.
Roo| deve|oprer| |s |rl|uerced oy ro|s|ure, so|| pore (aera||or) ard ru|r|er|s
ra|r|y P ard Ca. Al|er ersur|rg good gerr|ra||or |re rex| |rpor|ar| |r|rg |s |o
ersure a rea||ry roo| sys|er deve|oprer|. Ar ear|y dose P ler||||zer |s esser||a|
lor |r|s.
T|||er|ng, the mejor y|e|d component
Tre process ol s|oo| lorra||or |rrougr success|ve produc||or ol sroo|s |s ||||er|rg.
T|||er|rg |s allec|ed oy ||gr|, |erpera|ure, Wa|er ard ru|r|er|s ard ders||y ol
p|ar||rg. Tre ruroer ol s|a||s (s|er) per ur|| area |s |re ros| |rpor|ar| y|e|d
corporer| rerce ||||er|rg |s cr|||ca| lor r|gr y|e|ds.
T|||er|rg |r ra|oor
T|||er|rg
..3..
No.
0. Nor-ur|lorr dr|pper C|ogged dr|ppers. 0per |re dr|ppers ard
d|scrarge. c|ear |rorougr|y.
A|gae ard sa|| F|||ers, La|era|s ard
accuru|a||or |rs|de 3uora|rs are |o oe l|usred
dr|ppers ard |a|era|s. regu|ar|y orce |r a Wee|.
3uora|rs ard |a|era|s Carry ou| recessary
are ro| l|usred proper|y. crer|ca| |rea|rer| as per |re
La|era|s are p|rcred or recorrerda||ors.
|ea|ages deve|oped Crec| |re |a|era| lor
soreWrere a|org |re p|rcr|rg ard |ea|ages |l ary.
|erg|r ol |a|era|.
0Z. Nor ur|lorr d|scrarge A|gae groW|r W||r|r 0a||y oac|Wasr ol sard
W||r dry pa|cres ol so|| |re l|||er or dr|p |ape. l|||er lor 5 r|ru|es ard l|usr|rg
|r |re dr|p |ape sys|er. 3a|| accuru|a||or |rs|de ol suora|rs ard dr|p |ape
|ape & ro|es are o|oc|ed. |rorougr|y orce |r a Wee|.
A|r re|ease va|ve |s ro| Carry ou| ac|d ard cr|or|re
a| proper p|ace or ro| |rea|rer| as per
Wor||rg ard rerce s||| recorrerda||ors
par||c|es are suc|ed |r. A|r re|ease va|ve
C|ogg|rg |re ro|es due srou|d oe |oca|ed a| |re
|o rega||ve suc||or crea|ed r|grer po|r|s a|org |re
Wrer |rr|ga||or |s s|opped. suora|r.
08. Lea|ages a| dr|pper 0r|ppers are |a|er |r 3ucr ro|es car oe
p|acerer| or |re |a|era|. ard ou| rary ||res c|osed W||r gool p|ugs.
urrecessar||y.
|o|es oecore oo|org For o|gger ro|es pu| jo|rers.
ard o|gger |r s|ze.
09. LoW d|scrarge W||r LoW 3ard l|||ers qu||e d|r|y 3ard l|||er srou|d oe |rorougr|y
pressure read|rg ard ro proper c|ear|rg c|eared ard oac|Wasred da||y.
wa|er |eve| |r source ll Wa|er |eve| ras gore doWr,
ras gore doWr. purp p|acerersrou|d oe
crarged |o lur|rer doWr.
Purp Wor||rg |s ro| Purp srou|d oe crec|ed
proper. lor ||s Wor||rg.
ll |r|s doesr'| |rer sugges|
reW purp as per requ|rerer|
ol read ard d|scrarge.
..11..
|RR|0AT|0N 0F 8U0AR6ANE
Trere |s a r|scorcep||or arorg sugarcare groWers |ra| |re crop requ|res a
|arge quar|||y ol Wa|er ard rerce l|ood re|rod ol |rr|ga||or ras oeer W|de|y |r
prac||ce. Es||ra|es ol Wa|er requ|rerer| ol sugarcare records ar average ol
1500 rr (|.e. 150 |ac | per ra lor lu|| seasor) |o produce 100 | r|||ao|e care.
Ta|e ro|e |ra| |r|s |rc|udes ra|rla|| a|so. |oWever |r ac|ua| prac||ce ol l|oW or
l|ood |rr|ga||or r|gr quar|ur ol Wa|er averag|rg over 2000 rr (200 |ac | per ra)
|s app||ed oy |rr|ga||or a|ore.
8o|| mo|sture behev|our |n f|ood |rr|geted f|e|d
For |re l|rs| |Wo |o |rree days al|er ar |rr|ga||or
|rere |s excess Wa|er |r so|| Wa|er |ogg|rg |re crop.
Tre care sullers lror |ac| ol a|r |r |re so|| ard ||
reduces aosorp||or ol ru|r|er|s ard Wa|er. Fror
|re 1
|r
|o Z |r day |re so|| ra|r|a|rs l|e|d capac||y
a||oW|rg |re care |o res|ar| ||s groW|r Wrer |re
roo|s oecore ac||ve aga|r aosoro|rg a|r, Wa|er
ard ru|r|er|s. lr |re |as| 2-3 days Wa|er oecores
del|c|er| |r |re roo| zore ard crop urdergoes
Wa|er s|ress. As |re roo| zore |s dry, |re
aosorp||or ol Wa|er, a|r ard ru|r|er|s |s |rr|o||ed.
Trerelore |r |re l|ood |rr|ga|ed s||ua||or care crop urdergoes per|od|c cyc||c s|ress
lor Wa|er, ru|r|er|s ard a|r. Tre produc||or ol dry ra||er (Wr|cr cor|r|ou|es |o
y|e|d) a|so oecore cyc||c. Tr|s allec|s y|e|d lorra||or. App||ca||or ol Wa|er da||y
|r sra|| quar||||es as per |re requ|rerer| ol care as prac||ced |r dr|p re|rod ol
|rr|ga||or oov|a|es |r|s cyc||c ra|ure ol groW|r ard dry ra||er lorra||or occurs a|
a s|eady ra|e. |erce r|grer y|e|ds are recorded urder dr|p sys|er ol |rr|ga||or
lr |re l|ood re|rod ol |rr|ga||or Z0-Z5 Wa|er goes Was|e due |o |eacr|rg, ard
evapora||or |osses. Tre |rr|ga||or ell|c|ercy ol l|ood re|rod |s or|y 25 |o 30 .
Add|||ora||y, |re use ol excess Wa|er ard |roa|arce dose ol ler||||zers degrades
|re so|| ra||rg || sa||re, ard/or a||a||re, resu|||rg |r decreas|rg care produc||v||y.
Tre |rr|ga||or ell|c|ercy ol dr|p re|rod |s 90-95. Trere |s very |||||e Was|age ol
Wa|er. 3o||s are |r lac|, rec|a|red oy us|rg cor|ro||ed |rr|ga||or ard use ol ac|d
oased ler||||zers W||r dr|p |rr|ga||or.
F|ood |rr|ga|ed l|e|d
..35..
No.
01. Lea|ages a| 3uora|r La|era|/po|y|uoe a| |re 0|g |re so|| rear suora|r ard
s|ar| |s W||rou| sull|c|er| p|ace correc||y |re grorre|
a||oWarce. |a|eoll |rs|de |re suora|r. Keep
0u||e ||gr||y p|aced recessary a||oWarce lor |a|era|
po|y|uoe W||r s||gr| pu|| a| |re oeg|rr|rg.
oy ar|ra|s or peop|e.
0rorre| |a|eoll cores
ou| or ge|s |oosered.
02. Lea|ages a| dr|p L||e aoove due |o s||gr| P|ace correc||y |re ru| ol
|ape/|a|era| jo|r|s jer|s, jo|r|s ge| s|re|cred jo|rers ard |re jo|rers
ard oecore |oose. |r|o dr|p |ape a| ore erd
ard |a|era| a| aro|rer erd.
03. Lea|ages a|org La|era|/0r|p |ape |s 3ra|| ro|es |r |re |a|era|
|a|era|/dr|p |ape daraged oy recrar|ca| car oe c|osed oy gool p|ugs
dev|ces or oy squ|rre|s, A| |re cu| sec||or, pu|
ra|s, ar|ra|s e|c. dr|p |ape jo|rers correc||y lor
|a|era|/ 0r|p |ape or pu| requ|red
p|ece ol || W||r jo|rers.
01. 0|llererce oe|Weer |re |r|e| & F|||ers are ro| c|eared. 0a||y oac|Wasr |re sard
ou||e| ol l|||er |s rore |rar l|||er lor a||eas| 5 r|ru|es.
rorra|. C|ear sard & screer l|||ers
0uar|||y ol sard |s |rorougr|y oy oper|rg
rore |r |re sard l|||er. |re|r ||ds a||eas| orce |r a Wee|.
Pressure gauge ray Crarge |re lau||y gauge
oe lau||y
A||oW d|r|y Wa|er |o oypass
l|rs| ard |rer |a|e |r|o l|||er.
05. Pressure gauge doesr'| l| ras e||rer gore ou| To avo|d rus||rg, pos|||or |re
sroW read|rgs ol Wor| due |o rus||rg pressure gauge sucr |ra| ra|r
or sore jer| |rjur|es or Wa|er Wor'| go |r.
po|r|er ras s|uc| up. Pu| P|as||c cover over ||. ll
|rd|ca|or |s s|uc|ed up, oper
|re gauge ard crec| up |re
|rd|ca|or.
Presure oeyord |re Keep |re pressure W||r|r |re
opera||rg rarge. |re opera||rg rarge.
..15..
Adventeges of dr|p |rr|get|on |n 8ugercene
1. 3av|rg ol |rr|ga||or Wa|er (10-Z0)
2. Crop y|e|d errarcerer| (0-100)
3. Errarcerer| |r sugar recovery (up |o 1)
1. lrcreased ler||||zer use ell|c|ercy ard sav|rg ol ler||||zer up |o 25.
5. 3av|rg ol e|ec|r|c poWer |r purp|rg.
. lrproved pes| ard d|sease cor|ro|.
Z. LoWer|rg ol |aoour cos|s lor |rr|ga||or
8. 0ecreased Weed groW|r ard rerce sav|rg |r |aoour cos|
9. 3u||ao|e lor ary |ype ol |erra|r or so||
10. Va|r|a|rs so|| rea||r ard prever|s so|| degrada||or
11. ldea| lor rarg|ra| |ards ard |rler|or qua|||y |rr|ga||or Wa|er
0r|p 8ystem for 8ugercene
Ja|r lr||re dr|p sys|er Wrere dr|ppers are
p|aced |rs|de |re |a|era| |uoes (J-Turoo||ne) |s
oes| lor sugarcare crop Wr|cr g|ves ur|lorr
d|scrarge ard cor||ruous We|||rg pa||err.
J-|uroo||re |s a l|ex|o|e ard sear|ess |uoe
W||r dr|ppers perrarer||y p|aced |rs|de.
l| ras a |arge cross-sec||ora| |urou|er| l|oW
pa|r |ra| ra|es || a c|og res|s|ar| er||||rg
p|pe.
Add|||ora||y, |re dr|pper ras |Wo |r|e| l|||ers |ra| avo|d |re poss|o||||y ol ary
o|oc|age.
J-|uroo||re ras |rree or|l|ces a| every dr|pper |o ersure ell|c|er| perlorrarce
lor |orger ||re.
J-|uroo||re |s easy |o ro|| oac| ard re-|ay a lea|ure espec|a||y su||ao|e lor
sugarcare cu|||va||or ard ra|oor|rg.
J-|uroo||re |s supp||ed a| var|ous dr|pper-spac|rgs |o su|| |re var|ed so||
cord|||ors Wrere care |s groWr.
J-Turoo||re sroW|rg |re |r||re
dr|ppers
..31..
RE600N|T|0N AN0 RE6T|F|6AT|0N 0F 6hEY|6AL
& |0L00|6AL 60NTAY|NAT|0N8
8r. Prob|em Reesons & |dent|f|cet|on 6ontro|
No.
1. Prec|p||a||or ol ca|c|ur Appears as Wr||e l||r or |re |rs|de ol Cor||ruous |rjec||or ol ac|d |o
ard Vagres|ur sa||s |re |a|era| |re |rs|de ol |re |a|era|/dr|p ra|r|a|r p| ol .0 - .5
|ape or |r |re l|oW pa|r ol dr|ppers sull|c|er| |o prever| lorra||or
assoc|a|ed W||r |rcrease |r p| or ol prec|p||a||or
decrease |r |erpera|ure ol Wa|er.
2. Prec|p||a||or ol Ca|c|ur wr||e |r so|u||or |rere W||| oe ro Cor||ruous |rjec||or ol ac|d
Caroora|e proo|er. 8u| as soor as sys|er |o reduce p| ol Wa|er up|o 1.0
s|ops ard Wa|er evapora|es ca|c|ur Repea|ed |rea|rer| lor severe
prec|p||a|es as Wr||e crys|a|s o|oc|ages.
arourd dr|pper/dr|p |ape or|l|ce ard
o|oc|s |re ro|es.
3. Prec|p||a||or ol |ror Crarges |r |erpera|ure ard p| cause Ac|d |rea|rer| |o |oWer |re
|ror |o ox|d|se |o |rso|uo|e lerr|c lorr p| up|o or |ess |rar 1 ard |rer
caus|rg prec|p||a||or.Prec|p||a||or |rorougr l|usr|rg al|er 21
lorrs a red s||re rass. rours.
1. Prec|p||a||or ol Vargarese car prec|p||a|e ou| as Ac|d or |r|err|||er|
Vargarese rargarese ox|de e||rer oy crer|ca| Cr|or|re |rea|rer|.
or oac|er|a| ac||or ard co|our ol
depos|| |s dar| oroWr or o|ac|.
5. 0roW|r ol a|gae W||r|r Trese reed ||gr| |o groW ard rerce Ellec||ve cor|ro| oy add|rg
Wa|er supp|y are lourd |r a|| surlace s|orage pords, copper su|pra|e |o Wa|er
We||s ard |r s|oW rov|rg Wa|er. 0roW deperd|rg upor ||s
qu|c||y ard proluse|y |o pose corcer|ra||or Wr|cr
severe proo|ers. var|es lror 0.05 |o 2 rg/ |||re.
. 0roW|r ol a|gae Trere are crarces ol a|gae groW|r lr|err|||er| Cr|or|re
W||r|r |re sys|er W||r|r l|||ers, or grourd ra|rs, |rjec||or
suora|rs |a|era|, dr|p |ape & dr|ppers.
Z. 8ac|er|a| prec|p||a||or 8ac|er|a car produce su|prur lr|err|||er| |rjec||or ol cr|or|re
ol 3u|prur/3u|pr|des |l Wa|er cor|a|rs rore |rar 0.1 rg/|||re
ol |o|a| su|pr|des. Trese oac|er|a
produce wr||e co||ory rass ard
corp|e|e|y o|oc| |re er||||rg dev|ce.
8. 8ac|er|a| prec|p||a||or w||r crarges |r |erpera|ure ard p| lr|err|||er| |rjec||or ol cr|or|re.
ol |ror sore oac|er|a cause ox|da||or ol |ror
|o |rso|uo|e lerr|c lorr caus|rg
prec|p||a||or. l| lorrs red co|our s||re
ard sore Wra| gr|||y s|usr.
hote:-Copper sulphete is very toxic to humen beings end enimels end hence due preceution should be
teken to evoid drinking this weter.
..1..
|nste||et|on of 0r|p 8ystem:
lr |re corver||ora| 3' roWs J-|uroo||re |s p|aced |r every a||erra|e roW, a| a spac|rg
ol ' oe|Weer |re |a|era|s.
lr pa|red roW p|ar||rg re|rod ore |a|era| |s paced oe|Weer |Wo adjacer| roWs ol
care, |.e. |a|era| spac|rg a| Z.5'. 3pac|rg ol dr|ppers var|es lror 10 |o 90 cr
deperd|rg or so|| |ype, Wr|cr g|ves cor||ruous We|||rg pa||err reacr|rg oo|r
roWs ol care.
lr W|de lurroW re|rod p|ar||rg |s dore every 1.5' |o 5' ard |rdeperder| |a|era| |s
prov|ded |o every p|ar| roW. |erce d|s|arce oe|Weer |Wo |a|era|s |s 1.5' |o 5' ard
dr|pper p|acerer| a| 10 cr |o 90 cr accord|rg |o so|| |ype.
Al|er |rs|a||a||or ol |re sys|er, opera|e |re dr|p sys|er 12-21 rours lor |o or|rg
so|| ro|s|ure a| l|e|d capac||y |eve|. P|ar||rg srou|d oe dore very carelu||y a|
cr deep ard a|| se|s srou|d oe covered oy so||.
For gerr|ra||or |rr|ga||or ra|rgur spr|r||ers car a|so oe used. Al|er p|ar||rg 2
||gr| |rr|ga||or srou|d oe g|ver oy ra|rgur spr|r||ers lo||oWed oy dr|p |rr|ga||or.
Tr|s W||| resu|| |r rax|rur p|ar| s|ard W||r ro gaps ard op||rur p|ar| popu|a||or
|s acr|eved.
weter requ|rement of 8ugercene through dr|p |rr|get|on
P|ent|ng 8eeson - Jen | Feb. |/re|er |erg|r ol |a|era|.
Vor|r 0|s|arce oe|Weer |a|era| |o |a|era| (r)
1.5 1.8 2.Z
(Corver||ora|) (w|de lurroW re|rod) (Pa|red RoW)
Jar ( P|ar||rg) 1 1.5 5
Feo Z 8
Varcr 8 9 10
Apr|| 10 11.5 13
Vay 12 13 15
Jure 8 9 10
Ju|y Z 8
Aug .5 8 9
3ep|. 9 10.5 12
0c|. 10 12.0 13
Nov. 11 13 15
0ec. 10 12 15
..33..
Procedure for Ac|d Treetment :
1. Ca|cu|a|e |re arour| ol ac|d |o |rjec|, For Wr|cr |re da|a requ|red |s,
- vo|ure ol Wa|er |o oe |rea|ed,
- p| ol lrr|ga||or Wa|er,
- 0es|red p|
2. lrjec||or srou|d oe s|ar|ed W||r sys|er opera||or.
3. Crec| a| reares| er||||rg po|r| |re des|red p| |s acr|ved or ro|.
1. Adjus| |re |rjec||or ra|e.
5. Repea| 3|ep 3 ard 3|ep 1 ur||| |re des|red corcer|ra||or |s oo|a|red.
. Al|er |rjec||rg ac|d lor 30 |o 0 r|r. 3|op |rjec||rg ard sru| |re sys|er lo 21
rr.
Z. F|usr a|| suora|rs ard |a|era|s.
Preceut|ons :
A) Ac|ds are dargerous, |rey rus| oe rard|ed W||r care.
8) NEvER add Wa|er |o ac|d, a|Ways add ac|d |o Wa|er.
C) Ersure |ra| equ|prer| used |o rard|e |re ac|d |s res|s|ar| |o ac|d a||ac|.
..1Z..
P|ent|ng 8eeson 0ct - Nov
Yonth 0|stence between |etere| to |etere| (m}
1.5 1.8 2.7
0c|. 1 5 5
Nov. 5 8
0ec. 5 Z
Jar. 8 8 10
Feo. 8 10 12
Varcr 10 12 1
Apr|| 12 11 20
Vay 11 1 22
Jure 12 11 1
Ju|y 10 12 11
Aug 10 12 11
3ep|. 12 11 1
Y|NERAL NUTR|T|0N 0F 8U0AR6ANE
For |re correc| ru|r|||or scredu|e ol sugarcare, |roW|edge ol ||s groW|r prys|o|ogy
|s esser||a|.
Trere |s ar |r|||a| prase ol s|oW groW|r ol aoou| -Z ror|rs lo||oWed oy a las|
ra|e Wr|cr |as|s lor aro|rer -Z ror|rs. lr |re secord prase aoou| Z5 ol dry
ra||er |s accuru|a|ed. Trerelore |re ru|r|er| supp|y srou|d |a|e care ol |r|s
|rpor|ar| |ssue. lr|eres||rg|y, |r |re corver||ora| cu|||va||or prac||ces |as| sp||| ol
ler||||zer |s g|ver oelore |re corp|e||or ol l|rs| s|x ror|rs |eav|rg |re rap|d groW|r
prase |o deperd or so|| reserves ard s|ored ru|r|er|s |r |re p|ar|. Tre d|ll|cu||y
|r ac|ua||y p|ac|rg ler||||zer |r |re roW Wr||e oard|rg |re ler||||zer |r |a|| ard c|ose
crop |s ore lac|or lorc|rg |re cu|||va|or |o corp|e|e |re ler||||zer app||ca||or oelore
ror|rs.
lr |re cor|ex| ol dr|p |rr|ga||or |r|s d|ll|cu||y does ro| ar|se ard ler||||zer app||ca||or
car cor||rue up |o 8 ror|rs. |oWever a very |a|e app||ca||or ol N-ler||||zer |s
repor|ed |o rave de|e|er|ous ellec| or sucrose accuru|a||or Wr|cr W||| allec| |re
producers ecoror|ca||y. La|e app||ca||or ol N a|ore W||| |rcrease succu|erce
ard |re cor|er| ol reduc|rg sugars oo|r are lac|ors respors|o|e lor reduc||or |r
recovery. |oWever |l K |s a|so g|ver |r adequa|e reasures, |re ellec| ol excess
N or recovery W||| oe corpersa|ed. lr lac| K ru|r|||or a| |a|e s|ages ard ||s
re|a||orsr|p |o ro|s|ure ol|er dec|des y|e|d ard |rproves recovery.
..32..
3. ph 6ontro|
lror |s rore so|uo|e a| |oWer (ac|d|c) p| va|ues. Tre p| ray r|se Wrer
Wa|er |s purped ou| ol ar aqu|ler ard |rer |ror W||| prec|p||a|e ou|. Ac|d
ray oe |rjec|ed |o ra|r|a|r |ror |r so|u||or, or || ray oe used per|od|ca||y |o
d|sso|ve |ror sed|rer|s Wr|cr are ou||| up over |re per|od.
p| |s a|so used |o cor|ro| ca|c|ur ard ragres|ur ou||d-up or er|||er ou||e|s.
Tr|s cor|ro| re|rod |s usao|e ur|ess |re er|||er |s |o|a||y p|ugged, |r Wr|cr
case |re er|||er ras |o oe c|eared oy rard or rep|aced.
Ac|d Treetment :
Tre |rjec||or ol ac|d |r|o dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er |s pr|rar||y carr|ed ou| |o :
1. LoWer |re p| ol |re |rr|ga||or Wa|er ard
2. Prever| |re prec|p||a||or ol sa||s.
Prec|p||a||or ol sa||s sucr as ca|c|ur caroora|e, ragres|ur caroora|e or
lerr|c (|ror) ox|de car cause e||rer par||a| or corp|e|e o|oc|age ol |re 0r|p
3ys|ers. Ac|d ray a|so oe used |o |oWer |re p| ol |re Wa|er |r corjurc||or W||r
|re use ol cr|or|re |rjec||or |o |rprove |re ellec||veress ol |re cr|or|re as a
o|oc|de. Ac|d ray a|so oe ellec||ve |r c|ear|rg sys|ers Wr|cr are a|ready par||a||y
o|oc|ed W||r prec|p||a|es ol sa||s.
Tre ros| re||ao|e s|ep lor dec|d|rg or ac|d |rea|rer| |s a Wa|er ara|ys|s. 3o||
ard Wa|er sarp|es are co||ec|ed dur|rg |re survey ard |rer ara|ysed |o
recorrerd ac|d or cr|or|re |rea|rer|s as per |re Wa|er qua|||y. ver|ury, Fer||||zer
purp or Fer||||zer Tar| |s used lor crer|ga||or & ler||ga||or.
|nject|on Equ|ppment
|nject|on Rete 6e|u|et|on
0a = (3. x 0s x A ) / v
wrere,
0a - lrj. Ra|e ol ac|d |pr,
0s - 3ys|er F|oW Ra|e |ps,
A - Ac|d quar|||y |r r| |o acr|ve |re requ|red p| |r a Wa|er |es| sarp|e ol
vo|ure 'v' |||res,
v - vo|ure ol |es| sarp|e |||res.
..18..
F|e|d d|egnos|s of nutr|ent def|c|enc|es
N|trogen del|c|ercy |s eas||y d|agrosed |r |re l|e|d. Tre p|ar|s
sroW ye||oW greer |eaves ard groW|r re|ards. Tre s|ers (s|a||s)
oecore |r|r ard |re o|der |eaves dry up prera|ure|y.
Phosphorus del|c|ercy reduces |re |erg|r ard d|are|er ol s|ers
ard |rey |aper a| |re groW|rg po|r|. Tre ruroer ol care per
s|oo| reduces ard |r|er rodes oecore sra||er. Leaves oecore
rarroW ard sror| W||r |re|r ||ps sroW|rg dry|rg up.
Potess|um del| c| er| p| ar|s exr| o| |s
ye||oW|rg ard spo|||rg ol |re o|der |eaves.
Tre o|der |eaves |urr orarge ard |a|er
oroWr. Tre |eaves W||| s|ar| d|e-oac| lror
|re rarg|r ard ||ps.
urder 6e del|c|ercy yourg |eaves oecore cro|oro||c ard a| ex|rere del|c|ercy
|re r|rd oecores sol|. Ca |s ro| gerera||y app||ed excep| lor proo|er so||s.
Yg del|c|ercy resu||s |r cr|oros|s as |re e|erer| |s ar esser||a| corporer| ol
Cr|oropry||. Tre syrp|ors appear or |re o|der |eaves ard |a|er crarge |r|o
oroWr ard g|ves a rus|y appeararce. Tre s|ers oecore sror|er. Fo||ar spray ol
Vg0 |s recorrerded.
wrer |ron |s del|c|er|, |re rorra| greer co|our
d|sappears oe|Weer |re vasu|ar ourd|es (ve|rs) ard
sucr pa|e s|r|ps ex|erds |re er||re |erg|r ol |re |eal
o|ade. Tre syrp|or l|rs| appears or |re yourg
sp|rd|e |eaves ard |rer ex|erds |o |re o|der |eaves.
Fe del|c|ercy |s preva|er| |r r|gr c|ay so||s ard
|a|er|||c so||s ol |oW p|. Fo||ar spray ol lror su|pra|e
correc|s |re del|c|ercy.
Yn del|c|ercy syrp|ors are pa|e-ye||oW|sr, greer, |org||ud|ra|
s|r|pes Wr|cr a||erra|e W||r rorra| greer co|our. Tre syrp|ors
l|rs| appear or o|der |eaves.
Zn del|c|ercy causes ||gr| ye||oW s|rea|s oe|Weer |re ve|rs ol
|re |eal o|ade. Zr sror|age resu||s |r dras||c y|e|d reduc||or.
App||ca||or ol up |o 5|g/ra ol Z|rc ox|de or Z|rc su|pra|e a|org
W||r |re regu|ar ler||||zers rered|es |re s||ua||or.
P-0el|c|ercy
K-0el|c|ercy
Fe-0el|c|ercy
Vr-0el|c|ercy
..31..
Prevent|on:
lror prec|p||a|e |s cor|ro||ed oy ore or rore ol |rree re|rods:
1. Aera||or ard se||||rg.
2. Cr|or|re prec|p||a||or.
3. p| cor|ro|.
1. Aeret|on end sett||ng
Aera||or ard se|||rg |s |re |oW cos| ard eas|es| |o accorp||sr lor |arge
sys|ers. Large arour|s ol a|r are |r|roduced |o |re Wa|er |o a||oW |re oxyger
|r |re a|r |o ox|d|ze |re lerrous ox|de |o lerr|c ox|de. Tre lerr|c ox|de W|||
prec|p||a|e ard se|||e ou| ol |re Wa|er |l |re ve|oc||y ol |re Wa|er |s re|d |oW
erougr ard |org erougr. usua||y ar aera||or pord ard a se||||rg pord are
|rcorpora|ed. No|e |ra| |r|s process requ|res a |Wo purp |rs|a||a||or excep|
or a grav||y leed sys|er.
2. 6h|or|ne prec|p|tet|on
Cr|or|re |rjec|ed a| a ra|e ol 1 ppr lree cr|or|re |o eacr .Z ppr |ror W|||
lorce |re ox|da||or ol lerrous ox|de |o lerr|c ox|de Wr|cr W||| prec|p||a|e ou|
ol |re Wa|er. ll cr|or|re |s oe|rg |rjec|ed |o cor|ro| oac|er|a| groW|r, |rer |re
cr|or|re lor |ror cor|ro| Wou|d oe |r add|||or |o |ra| used lor oac|er|a| cor|ro|.
Cor|ro| ol |re |oca||or Wrere |re prec|p||a|e se|||es ou| ol |re Wa|er |s
|rpor|ar|. 3e||||rg ras |o occur oelore |re l|||er. Tr|s |s accorp||sred oy
r|x|rg |re cr|or|re ard Wa|er adequa|e|y, a||oW|rg se||||rg ard |rer l|||er|rg
|re Wa|er. ll |r|s |s ro| dore, |rer |re |ror W||| prec|p||a|e ou| |r |re ra|r||re
ard |a|era|s ard car cause p|ugg|rg. Tre recorrerded l|||er |r |r|s |rs|arce
|s |re sard red|a l|||er. Ar 'lr-||re r|xer' doWrs|rear ol |re cr|or|re |rjec||or
po|r|s a|ds |r acr|ev|rg prec|p||a||or |r a cor|ro||ed |oca||or. A pressure
|ar| or er|arged ra|r||re sec||or aread ol |re l|||er W||| a||oW sore se||||rg
oelore |re Wa|er ge|s |o |re l|||er or sra||er sys|ers.
Note : Vargarese preser| |r |re Wa|er reac|s W||r cr|or|re ard prec|p||a|e
ou| a|so, ou| ox|da||or |a|es |orger. Tr|s W||| usua||y occur |r |re sys|er ard
car cause p|ugg|rg ol |re er|||er or|l|ce. 3e|l-l|usr|rg er|||er W||| gerera||y
rard|e |r|s prec|p||a|e ur|ess |re arour| ol rargarese |s |arge (grea|er
|rar .5 ppr). Tre |a|era|s srou|d oe l|usred per|od|ca||y.
..19..
oron |rougr requ|red |r very |oW corcer|ra||ors |s
esser||a| lor ce|| d|v|s|or. 0el|c|ercy ol 8 resu||s |r |adder
|||e |es|ors or |re |eaves. Tre |eaves cur|.
FERT|0AT|0N
Aosorp||or ol ru|r|er|s oy |re care p|ar| deperds or |re ava||ao||||y ol so||
ro|s|ure. lr dr|p |rr|ga|ed care ler||||zers Wrer app||ed |rrougr |re |rr|ga||or sys|er
(ler||ga||or) ree|s |r|s cr||er|or very ell|c|er||y. Tre very d||u|e so|u||ors ol ler||||zer,
app||ed |rrougr |re dr|p sys|er, |s |re ros| ellec||ve Way ol ler||||zer app||ca||or.
lr corver||ora| re|rod ol app||ca||or ler||||zers are e||rer oarded rear |re crop
roW or oroadcas| |r |re |r|er -roW space. wa|er |s |rer a||oWed |o l|oW |rrougr
|re |r|er- roW space. Vajor srare ol |re ler||||zer |s Wasred aWay |o |re erd ol |re
l|e|d or |o |re s|de dra|rs. Tre |oca||za||or ol ru|r|er|s a| |re roo| zore |s very
poor |r |re |a||er re|rod. |erce ler||||zer use ell|c|ercy oy p|ar|s |s a|so very |oW.
Fer||||zers sucr as urea or Arror|ur 3u|pra|e reeds |o oe p|aced a| a cer|a|r
dep|r |r |re so|| |o oe ellec||ve. |ere aga|r |re corver||ora| app||ca||or re|rod
|s lau||y Wrere a |arge dose ol so||d ler||||zer |s p|aced or |re surlace ard l|oW
|rr|ga|ed. lr ler||ga||or |re ru|r|er|s app||ed a| very |oW corcer|ra||ors |rrougr
Wa|er W||| rove doWr |r|o |re |oWer so|| |ayers cor|a|r|rg |re aosorp||ve roo|s.
lr |r|egra|ed ru|r|er| raragerer| |o|a| ler||||zer dose |s W||r use ol |rorgar|c
ler||||zers |||e urea, Arro su|pra|e, 33P, 0AP, V0P or Wa|er so|uo|e ler||||zers,
orgar|c rarures |||e We|| d|ges|ed lyr, corpos|, reer ca|e, cas|or ca|e ard
8|o-ler||||zers |||e Azo|ooac|or, P-38, K-38.
Cu-0el|c|ercy
Fer||||zer lrjec||or 3ys|ers - a) ver|ury o) Fer||||zer Tar| c) Fer||ga||or Purp
..30..
Exemp|es :
A. 6h|or|net|on us|ng sod|um hypoch|or|te
A larrer W|sres |o acr|ve 15 ppr cr|or|re corcer|ra||or a| |re |rjec||or po|r| ol
|re sys|er ol l|oW Z |ps us|rg 10 sod|ur rypocr|or||e (||qu|d lorr)
lrjec||or Ra|e (lR) = (0.3 x Z x 15)/ 10
= 3.Z8 |pr
. 6h|or|net|on us|ng 6e|c|um hypoch|or|te
|re sys|er ol l|oW 12 |ps. A so|u||or ol ca|c|ur rypocr|or||e ol 100 grs/||. |s
rade up ( |.e. 5 |g. ol ca|c|ur rypocr|or||e |r 50 ||. ol Wa|er)
lrjec||or Ra|e (lR) = (30 x 12 x 20) / (100 x 5 )
= 13.3 |pr
5. 6hem|ce| Prec|p|tet|on
6e|c|um | Yegnes|um 6erbonetes:
Ca|c|ur / Vagres|ur caroora|e prec|p||a|es lorr a Wr||e coa||rg or |re ou||e| ol
er|||ers. Tre ou||d-up ol |rese sa||s car ever|ua||y c|ose oll |re er|||er.
Ca|c|ur ard ragres|ur caroora|es car lorr Wrer |re corcer|ra||or |s grea|er
|rar 50 ppr ard |re p| |s over Z.5.
8u|f|des:
3u|l|des |r |re preserce ol |ror lror |ror su|l|de. 3|a|r|ess s|ee| (or ary s|ee|)
l|||er screers W||| p|ug oy |re lorra||or ol |ror su|l|des or |rer. 0r|y p|as||c l|||er
e|erer|s srou|d oe used |l su|l|des are preser|.
Tre use ol ler||||zers W||r |ror |r |rer W||| lorr a prec|p||a|e ol |ror su|l|de |r |re
sys|er |l |re su|l|de corcer|ra||or |s r|gr erougr. Tre prec|p||a|e |s |der||l|ao|e
oy ||s ye||oW/orarge co|or.
|ron:
lror prec|p||a|e car lorr |l |re |ror cor|er| |s grea|er |rar 0.1 ppr. Tre prec|p||a|e
|s |r |re lorr ol a rus|-red lerr|c ox|de.
wrer urcre|a|ed prospra|es or ca|c|ur sa||s are |rjec|ed W||r ler||||zers |r|o
sys|ers add|||ora| |ror prec|p||a||or car occur, espec|a||y |l |re |ror cor|er| |s
c|ose |o 0.1 ppr or r|grer.
..20..
3ugarcare reroves 1.2 : 0.1 : 1.11 Kg ol NPK per |or y|e|d ard |rerelore |re
ler||||zer requ|rerer| 1|g N/| lor p|ar| care ard 1.25 |o 1.5|g N/| care lor ra|oor.
For ar 80 |/acre y|e|d |re ler||||zer recorrerda||or Wou|d oe 100: 10: 115.
8teps for effect|ve fert|get|on
1. lrs|a||a||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or srou|d oe as per ar accura|e des|gr.
2. wasr |re l|||er e|erer| oelore s|ar||rg ler||ga||or.
3. F|usr |re |a|era|s da||y.
1. Fer||ga||or srou|d oe dore |oWards |re erd ol ar |rr|ga||or ever|. Tr|s |s |o
ersure |ra| |re ler||||zer |s Wasred aWay lror |re roo| zore oy |re |rcor|rg
Wa|er l|oW.
5. Al|er |re corp|e||or ol ler||ga||or, |rr|ga||or srou|d oe cor||rued lor aro|rer
15 r|ru|es. Tr|s W||| ersure |re |o|a| rerova| ol |re ler||||zer lror |re |rr|ga||or
sys|er.
. Corcer|ra||or ol ler||||zers |r ellec||ve roo| zore srou|d ro| exceed 1000
ppr.
Fert|get|on 8chedu|e, en Exemp|e
N P K
0ose 3ugges|ed (Kg./Acre.) 100 15 15
(Add We|| decorposed FYV - 10-15 |/acre |r lurroWs)
Fert|get|on 8chedu|e - L|qu|d Fert|||zer
0ura||or 0rade 0uar|||y App||ca||or
|r days Kg/Acre Kg/day/Acre
Al|er gerr|ra||or 19:19:19 50 1.111
15 |o 0 urea 1.88
1 |o 1Z0 19 :19:19 8 0.18
12:1:0 3 0.32Z
urea Z5 0.81
1Z1 |o 250 13:0:1 55 0.8Z
ho|e . /oove scneou|e |s on|, lor |nlorma||on. l| ma, cnange accoro|ng |o so|| nu|r|en| s|a|us
ano cro grou|n ra|e exer|enceo |n |ne area.
..29..
Recommended 6h|or|net|on:
Cor||ruous - 1 ppr lree cr|or|re, (2-3 ppr ray oe requ|red a| |re purp
|o ge| 1 PPV a| |re erd ol |re dr|p |a|era|.)
lr|err|||er| - 10-20 ppr lor 30-15 r|ru|es lrequercy deperds or |re
|eve| ol cor|ar|ra||or ou| gerera||y orce |r a lor|r|gr|.
3upercr|or|ra||or - 3roc| |rea|rer|s W||r corcer|ra||ors ol 'lree' cr|or|re as
r|gr as 50-500 ppr are sore||res used |o c|ear a sys|er ol a|gae ard oac|er|a|
groW|r |l ras a r|gr arour| ol groW|r. wrer cr|or|re sroc||rg a sys|er, |re
cr|or|re srou|d oe |e| |o s|| |r |re |a|era|s lor a per|od ol ||re, sucr as overr|gr|.
6e|cu|et|on of |nject|on Rete :
8od|um hypoch|or|te
lR = (0.3 x 0 x C ) / 3
wrere, lR -lrj. Ra|e |pr,
0 - 3ys|er F|oW |ps,
C - 0es|red Corcer|ra||or ppr,
3 - Percer|age ol lree ava||ao|e cr|or|re,
6e|c|um hypoch|or|te -
lR = (30 x 0 x C ) / w x 3
wrere,
lR - lrj. Ra|e |pr
C - 0es|red Corc. ppr.
3 - ol lree ava||ao|e cr|or|re,
w - Corcer|ra||or ol so|u||or grs ol Ca(0CL)
2
/||r.
0eseous 6h|or|ne
Cr|or|ra|or car oe used |o |rjec| gaseous cr|or|re |r |o |re sys|er.
lrjec||or Ra|e =3. x 0 x C
wrere,
lR = lrjec||or Ra|e |r grs/rr
0 = 3ys|er F|oW |r |ps.
C = 0es|red corcer|ra||or |r ppr.
..21..
Use of 6onvent|one| Fert|||zers through fert|get|on
N P K
Fert|||zer dose 100 : 45 : 45 Kg| ecre
0ura||or 0rade 0uar|||y App||ca||or |rrougr dr|p
Kg/ra Kg/day/Acre
A| P|ar||rg 33P 30 3o|| app||ca||or |r lurroWs
Al|er gerr|ra||or up |o urea 323 2Z.00
1 ror|rs ( 12 Wee|s ) V0P 9 8.00
A| ear|r|rg up 33P 30 8elore ear|r|rg
up |r lurroWs.
5|r |o Z|r Vor|rs urea 21 18.00
12 Wee|s V0P 9 8.00
ho|e . /oove scneou|e l lor ,our gu|oe||nes on|,, cnange can oe maoe accoro|ng |o so||
ana|,s|s, cro grou|n s|age oun exer|ence.
Through 8o|| App||cet|on.
App||ca||or T|re urea 33P V0P
A| p|ar||rg 53.8 30 95.80
Al|er .8 Wee|s 21 - -
Al|er 12-1 Wee|s 53.8 - -
A| Ear|r|rg up 21 30 95.80
To|a| 539 Z20 191.0
V|croru|r|er|s : lr add|||or |o r||roger, prosprorus ard po|asr, o|rer ru|r|er|s
v|z ragres|ur, z|rc, |ror ard ooror are a|so requ|red. Trese are app||ed |o |re
so|| a| |re lo||oW|rg ra|es |r |Wo sp|||s,
Z|rc su|pra|e - 10 Kg/Acre
FerroWs su|pra|e - 10 Kg/Acre
Vagress|ur su|pra|e - 50 |g/Acre
8orax - 2 Kg/Acre
F|rs| dose |s added a| p|ar||rg, ard rera|r|rg ra|l dose srou|d oe app||ed a| |re
||re ol ear|r|rg up.
..28..
A|gae car cause grea| ru|sarce |r |re surlace Wa|er oecause, Wrer |re cord|||ors
are lavourao|e |rey W||| groW rap|d|y reproduce ard cover er||re surlace ol |re
source |r |re lorr ol |arge l|oa||rg co|or|es ca||ed o|oors. l| ray cause d|ll|cu||y
W||r screer or red|a l|||ra||or sys|ers, oy c|ogg|rg |re screer or red|a surlace.
Prevent|on
A|gae car oe ellec||ve|y cor|ro||ed |r surlace Wa|er oy add|rg copper su|pra|e
lror 0.05 |o 2.0 ppr. Tre arour| ol crer|ca| requ|red ray oe oased upor
|rea|rer| up |o lee| ol Wa|er surlace. 3|rce a|gae groW|r ray occur |r upper
surlace ol Wa|er Wrere sur||gr| |s |r|erse. Copper su|pra|e car oe p|aced |r a
oag arcrored W||r a l|oa| a| var|ous po|r|s or car drag or surlace al|er pu|||rg ||
|r co||or sac|s.
ecter|e| growth end prec|p|tet|on
Cer|a|r lorrs ol oac|er|a produce a s||re groW|r or |re |rs|des ol |uo|rg ard
er|||ers. ll |re sys|er |s sru| doWr lor a |erg|r ol ||re, |re oac|er|a| s||re dr|es.
wrer |re sys|er |s opera|ed aga|r |re dr|ed s||re car orea| apar| ard p|ug
er|||ers.
Aro|rer lorr ol oac|er|a prec|p||a|es |ror ou| ol so|u||or |r |re Wa|er ard lorr
|org s|r|rgers ol |ror rus|-red s|udge Wr|cr car a|so p|ug er|||ers.
8ac|er|a| groW|r W||r a su|lur prec|p||a|e |s aro|rer |ype ol oac|er|a| groW|r |ra|
W||| lorr a Wr||e co||ory s||re |l rore |rar 0.1 ppr ol su|l|des (ro| su|la|es) are
preser| |r |re Wa|er. ll |re Wa|er ras a sre|| ol ro||er eggs usua||y rydroger
su|l|de |s preser| |r |re Wa|er ard oac|er|a| su|lur s||re W||| occur.
Prevent|on
8ac|er|a| groW|r car oe cor|ro||ed oy us|rg cr|or|ra||or ol |re Wa|er supp|y.
Cr|or|re Wrer d|sso|ved |r Wa|er ac|s as a poWerlu| ox|d|s|rg ager| ard v|gor|ous|y
a||ac| r|croorgar|srs sucr as a|gae, lurg| ard oac|er|a.
6ommon ch|or|ne sources
Ca|c|ur |ypocr|or||e (8|eacr|rg PoWder) - cor|a|rs 5 lree|y ava||a|o|e
cr|or|re (|0CL & 0CL
-
)
3od|ur |ypocr|or||e - L|qu|d lorr W||r 15 lree|y ava||oa|e cr|or|re.
Cr|or|re gas
..22..
|NTER 6ULTURE
Keep sugarcare l|e|d lree lror Weeds. weeds corpe|e W||r |re crop lor Wa|er
ard ru|r|er|s ard reduce y|e|ds s|gr|l|car||y. weed|c|des ava||ao|e |r |re rar|e|
-3|orp or A|ra|al, or Cercer or 0oa| or 0raroxare car a|so oe used.
lr|ercu||ure a|so re|ps |r proper aera||or |r |re ellec||ve roo| zore. |oe|rg |s
dore lor oe||er aera||or Wa|er pere|rao||||y ard Weed cor|ro|.
EARTh|N0 UP
|||||rg |re c|urps |r s|ages |s requ|red
|o prov|de rao||a| |o |re sroo| roo|s ard
sull| c| er| re| gr| ol |re so| | |rus
acr|eved suppresses |re lorra||or ol
|a|e sroo|s. Tre ear|r|rg-up crarges
|re lurroWs |r|o r|dges ard r|dges |r|o
lurroWs Wr|cr perr|| dra|rage ol
excess Wa|er dur|rg ra|rs. Ear|r|rg up
|s dore a| rax|rur ||||er|rg s|age.
lr pa|red roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg, so|| |s |oosered |r o||rd lurroW area ard used |o
suppor| s|des ol sugarcare roWs. Ra|sed oed |s prepared ard |re |rr|ga||or |a|era|
|uoe |s p|aced or ra|sed oed oe|Weer |re |Wo roWs ol care. Resu||ar| re|gr| ol
1.5' prever|s |odg|rg, aera||or |r roo| zore |s ra|r|a|red, ard Wa|er roverer|
|s lac||||a|ed.
|NTER 6R0P
For ge|||rg r|grer ecoror|c re|urrs
|r|ercropp|rg |r sugarcare l|e|d |s
recessary. 0r|or, po|a|o, caooage,
cau||l|oWer, |eal vege|ao|es, grourdru|,
soyoear, e|c. car oe |a|er |r |r|||a|
s|age ol |re care crop. Tre |r|ercrop
spec|es srou|d ro| oe a reavy leeder
ard srou|d rave sra||oW roo| sys|er,
ard W||| oe ol 90-100 days dura||or.
Ear|r|rg up opera||or
lr|ercrop
..2Z..
2. Expens|on end contrect|on of tub|ng
Expars|or ard cor|rac||or ol |re dr|p |a|era|s car pu|| or pusr er|||er oper|rgs
|r|o |re d|r| ard p|ug |re er|||er ou||e|s. Tr|s car rapper Wrer |re sys|er |s
sru| doWr ard |re d|r| |s ro|s| ard Wrer er|||ers are or |re oo||or ol |re |uo|rg.
Er|||ers are |o oe |rs|a||ed or |re |op ol |re |uo|rg.
3. |nsects end Ret | 8qu|rre| nu|sence
lrsec|s sucr as ar|s ard oee||es car darage er|||ers ard |r|r Wa|| |uo|rg. wrer
ro|s|ure |s scarce as Wrer a dr|p sys|er |s sru|doWr, |rsec|s W||| creW |r|o
er|||ers ard |r|r Wa|| |uo|rg |o ge| a| |re Wa|er. Cor|ro| ol |rese pes|s W||r
|rsec||c|de |s |rpor|ar| as |rey car rerder a sys|er |roperao|e |r a sror| per|od
ol ||re.
0|rer |ypes ol |rsec|s W||| ou||d a cocoor |rs|de er|||er ou||e|s ard d|s|r|ou||or
|uo|rg. lrsec||c|de car oe used |o cor|ro| |rese pes|s a|so. Cocoors are ou|||
Wrer |re sys|er |s sru| doWr lor a per|od ol ||re. Trese pes|s reed or|y oe
cor|ro||ed dur|rg |r|s per|od.
Aro|rer rajor proo|er |s ol ra| or squ|rre|s, |rey darage |re sys|er oy creW|rg
ro|es |r |re |a|era| ||res. use ol suosurlace |a|era|s |s ore ol |re Way |o ge| r|d ol
|r|s proo|er. ll |re |a|era|s are |ayed or |re grourd a|Ways |eep a cor||r|ous
We|||rg s|r|p. Ra| gerera||y rever cross |re We| surlace. 3ore ra| repe||er|
crer|ca|s are a|so ava||ao|e |r |re rar|e| ou| || rus| oe crec|ed |ra| || srou|d
ro| oe rarrlu| |o |re p|ar|.
4. A|gee end becter|e| growth & prec|p|tet|on :
0rowth of A|gee
0re ol |re ros| |rpor|ar| proo|er |r |re ra|r|erarce ol |re dr|p sys|er |s groW|r
ol a|gae, e||rer |r |re Wa|er source or |rs|de |re sys|er.
3qu|rre| Verace
La|era| or |re 0rourd 3urlace
La|era| oe|oW |re 0rourd a|
a dep|r ol 3 - 1
..23..
RAT00N YANA0EYENT
Ra|oor|rg ol care |s very esser||a| lor
|rcreas|rg |re oerel|| |o |re larrer.
Ra|oor|rg saves experses as |ard
prepara||or, p|ar||rg ra|er|a| cos|, seed
|rea|rer| cos|, ard p|ar||rg experses.
Proper raragerer| ol ra|oor crop |s
recessary. lr lrd|a |re po|er||a| ol
Ra|oor crop |s a|Ways urder es||ra|ed
rerce y|e|d ol ra|oor |s |oW.
8y good raragerer| ol |rr|ga||or ard ru|r|||or || |s poss|o|e |o ge| oe||er y|e|ds
lror ra|oor crop. lr Karra|a|a Vr. Pralu||a 3rar ol 3r|roga d|s|r|c| |s |a||rg
39|r ra|oor crop W||r average y|e|d 3-38 | / acre. Prelerao|y care rarves|ed
oelore Feoruary |s gerera||y adv|sed lor ra|oor|rg. wr||e rarves||rg ol |re ra|r
crop, dr|p |a|era|s srou|d ro| oe daraged.
Al|er rarves||rg |re |rasr |s co||ec|ed ard spread |r lurroWs. Trer s|uoo|e srav|rg
|s corp|e|ed. Trer g|ve Wa|er s|ress lor e|gr| days. Tre |r|erlurroW spac|rg
srou|d rece|ve ore deep cu|||va||or |o |rprove |re so|| prys|ca| cord|||or & a|so
|o prure |re s|uoo|e roo|s. Tre r|dges srou|d oe d|srar||ed al|er |re rarves||rg
ol |re ra|r crop. Tre ler||||zer dose |s app||ed as per |re ra|r crop. Al|er
app||ca||or ol ler||||zer ard d|srar|||rg ol |re r|dges s|ar| |rr|ga||or oy dr|p. lr|||a||y
opera|e |re sys|er lor 8-10 rours |o or|rg so|| a| l|e|d capac||y. For gap l||||rg |r
ra|oor crop po|yoag rursery srou|d oe ra|sed W||r s|rg|e eyed se| ard
|rarsp|ar||rg srou|d oe carr|ed ou| |r l|e|d al|er 15-50 days lor ra|r|a|r|rg
op||rur p|ar| popu|a||or.
Po|y-oag 3eed||rgs lor gap l||||rg |r ra|oor
..2..
Par||c|es W||| oe |r|roduced |r|o |re sys|er dur|rg assero|y. l| |s a|ros| |rposs|o|e
|o prever|. Tre sys|er ras |o oe l|usred oelore ary |a|era| |s correc|ed |o |re
sys|er. A proper|y des|gred sys|er W||| rave l|usr|rg po|r|s ou||| |r|o |re sys|er
a| |re erd ol a|| ra|rs, suora|rs ard oelore a|| so|ero|d ard |so|a||or va|ves |r
|re l|e|d. ll, a| ary ||re |re ra|r||re or suora|r |s oro|er |r|o lor repa|r, |re
sys|er or par|s ol |re sys|er car oe l|usred. As r|gr a l|oW as poss|o|e srou|d
oe used |o l|usr |re ra|r||res ard suora|rs, La|era|s srou|d oe l|usred W||r as
r|gr a l|oW as poss|o|e. l| ray oe recessary |o |so|a|e sore ol |re |a|era|s or a
corror suora|r |o |rcrease |re pressure erougr |o crea|e a r|gr l|oW, espec|a||y
or |org |erg|r |a|era|s W||r pressure corpersa||or er|||ers.
0re ol |re ros| corror sources ol cor|ar|ra||or |r a dr|p sys|er occurs Wrer
a our|ed ra|r||re or suora|r deve|ops a |ea|. wrer |re sys|er |s sru| doWr a|
|re erd ol ar |rr|ga||or cyc|e, Wa|er ard so|| car Wasr oac| |r|o |re ra|r||re ard
erd up |r |re er|||ers. Tr|s car cause cor||rua| p|ugg|rg or drop |r l|oW or a||
er|||ers. l| car cause excess|ve l|oW or se|l-l|usr|rg er|||ers |r add|||or.
Aro|rer corror source ol cor|ar|ra||or cores lror repa|r|rg ra|r||res ard
suora|rs. Tre sys|er srou|d a|Ways oe l|usred oelore opera||or al|er ary repa|rs.
ll poss|o|e |so|a|e a|| |a|era|s correc|ed doWr s|rear lror |re repa|r po|r| |o
prever| cor|ar|rar|s lror er|er|rg |re |a|era|s. ll sru|oll va|ves are ro| used or
|re |a|era|s, |re |uo|rg car oe c|arped |o |so|a|e |re |a|era|.
Er|||ers car oe c|eared W||rou| pu|||rg |rer ou| lror |re |a|era|s. wr||e pu|||rg
|re er|||er, |re ro|e |r |re |a|era| ray oecore oo|org caus|rg |ea|age.
wrer rep|ac|rg er|||ers oe sure |o c|ear |re oad er|||er oelore rerov|rg ||. ll
|re |uo|rg |s d|r|y, sore d|r| W||| er|er |re |uo|rg Wrer |re reW er|||er |s |rser|ed.
Aro|rer r|dder reasor |o cause par||c|es er|er |re sys|er |s |rproper pos|||or
ol |re loo|va|ve. ll loo|va|ve |s very c|ose |o |re oo||or, || ray suc| d|r| |rs|de |re
sys|er. A|Ways |eep d|s|arce oe|Weer loo|va|ve ard |re oo||or ol |re We||.
3ard F|||er (Norra| Vode) 3ard F|||er 8ac|Wasr Vode 3ard F|||er (C|ear|rg)
..21..
FELD MANTENANCE OF DRP RRGATON 8Y8TEM
3uccess ol dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er ros||y cor|ro||ed oy |rree lac|ors,
a. 0es|gr ol |re sys|er,
o. 0ua|||y ol |re ra|er|a| used ard
c. Va|r|erarce ol |re sys|er.
F|rs| |Wo lac|ors, des|gr ol |re sys|er ard qua|||y ol |re ra|er|a| used are oy ard
|arge cor|ro||ed oy |re rarulac|urer, ou| ra|r|erarce ol |re sys|er |s cor|ro||ed
oy |re erd user. 3ys|er la||s or does ro| perlorr We|| due |o ||| ra|r|erarce ol
|re sys|er. lr lrd|a, ros| ol our erd user are |ayrar larrer Wro e||rer are ro|
aWare ol sys|er ra|r|erarce or do ro| care lor |re sys|er ra|r|erarce.
|mportence of 0r|p 8ystem me|ntenence :
Trere are oas|ca||y |Wo reasors Wry ra|r|erarce ol dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er.
1) wa|er |s ro| lourd |r ||'s pures| lorr |r ra|ure. A|Ways || cor|a|rs sore
prys|ca|, crer|ca| & o|o|og|ca| cor|ar|ra||or Wr|cr ray o|oc| p|pe||re,
|a|era|s & dr|ppers |r |re sys|er.
2) Tre lurc||or ol dr|pper / er|||er |s sucr |ra| || ras |o corver| l|oW ol Wa|er
lror r|gr pressure (rear|y 1.0 Kg/cr) |o a|rosprer|c pressure Wrer ||
cores ou| |rrougr er|||er, so as |o ge| d|scrarge |r |re lorr ol drop|e|. lr
do|rg so l|oW ol Wa|er ras |o pass |rrougr |aoyr|r|r, |urou|er| & r|ru|e l|oW
pa|r. Trere |s a|Ways a crarce ol o|oc|age ol |r|s l|oW pa|r due |o d|r|
par||c|es or due |o crer|ca| prec|p||a||or.
Em|tter 6|ogg|ng
lr dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er Wa|er source car oe ar oper We||, ooreWe||, pord, cara|
or r|ver. 0ua|||y ol Wa|er var|es W||r ||s source. Er|||er/P|pe ||re ray c|og due |o
lo||oW|rg reasors,
1. Par||cu|a|e Cor|ar|ra||or
2. Expars|or ard Cor|rac||or (lorc|rg d|r| |r er|||er ou||e|)
3. lrsec|s ard Ra|/3qu|rre| Nu|sarce
1. A|gae ard 8ac|er|a| 0roW|r & Prec|p||a||or
5. Crer|ca| Prec|p||a||or
..25..
1. Pert|cu|ete 6ontem|net|on
Par||cu|a|e cor|ar|ra||or occurs lror |re lo||oW|rg:
A. lrsull|c|er| l|||ra||or, sra|| par||c|es ol so|| e||rer oypasses |re l|||er or go
|rrougr |re l|||er.
8. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg |rs|a||a||or ard |rsull|c|er| r|gr l|oW l|usr|rg ol
dr|p |a|era|.
C. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg ra|r||re repa|r or W||r |ea|s |r ra|r||re, so|| W|||
Wasr oac| |r|o |re sys|er Wrer sru| doWr.
0. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg |a|era| d|sassero|y ard assero|y.
E. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg rep|acerer| ol er|||ers.
F|||ers rave |o oe s|zed |o |re requ|rerer|s ol |re er|||er rarulac|urer. 0|llerer|
er|||ers rave d|llerer| l|||ra||or requ|rerer|s. ll |re l|||ra||or s|ze |s |oo |arge,
sra||er par||c|es |ra| car cause p|ugg|rg W||| pass |rrougr |re l|||er.
ll l|||ers rece|ve a r|gr |oad ol par||c|es or are ro| l|usred or c|eared ol|er, sed|rer|
car oypass |re screer (deperd|rg or |re des|gr ol |re l|||er). Regu|ar oac|Wasr
ol |re screer ard red|a l|||ers |s r|gr|y esser||a| lor op||rur l|||ra||or ell|cercy.
Frequercy ol oac|Wasr opera||or lor screer ard red|a l|||ers deperds or qua|||y
ol Wa|er. Tre |ruro ru|e |s, |l |re d|llerer||a| pressure oe|Weer |r|e| ard ou||e| ol
|re l|||er |s oeyord 0.5 |g/cr |rer || |s ||re lor oac|Wasr. ll cor|ar|rar| |oad |s
very r|gr ard lrequer| oac|Wasr |s |re proo|er, ser|au|ora||c or lu||y au|ora||c
screer/red|a l|||ers are recorrerded.
lr case ol red|a l|||ers, |eve| ol |re sard srou|d oe ra|r|a|red as recorrerded
oy |re rarulac|urer. Crec| |re red|a lrequer||y, |l |re red|a |s ge|||rg rourded
oll due |o cor||ruous aoras|or, crarge |re red|a.
3|r||ar|y |r case ol screer l|||er crec| |re l|||er e|erer| ard |re gas|e|s c|ose|y.
Po|yrer resr screers car oe daraged eas||y ard W||| de|er|ora|e over a per|od
ol ||re. 8e carelu| ol |re crer|ca|s |r|roduced |r|o |re sys|er. 3ore crer|ca|s
W||| cause prera|ure la||ure ol po|yrer screers. Loo| ou| lor |race arour|s ol
so|ver|s, |o|uere, re|ry|e|ry||e|ors, or ary ol |re r|grer vo|a|||e so|ver|s |ra|
d|sso|ve p|as||cs. Crec| W||r |re l|||er rarulac|urer lor suscep||o||||y |o d|llerer|
crer|ca|s. 0ua|||y ol Wa|er a|so dec|des |re l|||ra||or screer |o oe used e.g. |l
source Wa|er cor|a|rs r|gr corcer|ra||or ol su|l|des, || ray reac| W||r s|a|r|ess
s|ee| |o lorr |ror su|l|des Wr|cr W||| prec|p||a|e |r |re sys|er.
..21..
FELD MANTENANCE OF DRP RRGATON 8Y8TEM
3uccess ol dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er ros||y cor|ro||ed oy |rree lac|ors,
a. 0es|gr ol |re sys|er,
o. 0ua|||y ol |re ra|er|a| used ard
c. Va|r|erarce ol |re sys|er.
F|rs| |Wo lac|ors, des|gr ol |re sys|er ard qua|||y ol |re ra|er|a| used are oy ard
|arge cor|ro||ed oy |re rarulac|urer, ou| ra|r|erarce ol |re sys|er |s cor|ro||ed
oy |re erd user. 3ys|er la||s or does ro| perlorr We|| due |o ||| ra|r|erarce ol
|re sys|er. lr lrd|a, ros| ol our erd user are |ayrar larrer Wro e||rer are ro|
aWare ol sys|er ra|r|erarce or do ro| care lor |re sys|er ra|r|erarce.
|mportence of 0r|p 8ystem me|ntenence :
Trere are oas|ca||y |Wo reasors Wry ra|r|erarce ol dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er.
1) wa|er |s ro| lourd |r ||'s pures| lorr |r ra|ure. A|Ways || cor|a|rs sore
prys|ca|, crer|ca| & o|o|og|ca| cor|ar|ra||or Wr|cr ray o|oc| p|pe||re,
|a|era|s & dr|ppers |r |re sys|er.
2) Tre lurc||or ol dr|pper / er|||er |s sucr |ra| || ras |o corver| l|oW ol Wa|er
lror r|gr pressure (rear|y 1.0 Kg/cr) |o a|rosprer|c pressure Wrer ||
cores ou| |rrougr er|||er, so as |o ge| d|scrarge |r |re lorr ol drop|e|. lr
do|rg so l|oW ol Wa|er ras |o pass |rrougr |aoyr|r|r, |urou|er| & r|ru|e l|oW
pa|r. Trere |s a|Ways a crarce ol o|oc|age ol |r|s l|oW pa|r due |o d|r|
par||c|es or due |o crer|ca| prec|p||a||or.
Em|tter 6|ogg|ng
lr dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er Wa|er source car oe ar oper We||, ooreWe||, pord, cara|
or r|ver. 0ua|||y ol Wa|er var|es W||r ||s source. Er|||er/P|pe ||re ray c|og due |o
lo||oW|rg reasors,
1. Par||cu|a|e Cor|ar|ra||or
2. Expars|or ard Cor|rac||or (lorc|rg d|r| |r er|||er ou||e|)
3. lrsec|s ard Ra|/3qu|rre| Nu|sarce
1. A|gae ard 8ac|er|a| 0roW|r & Prec|p||a||or
5. Crer|ca| Prec|p||a||or
..25..
1. Pert|cu|ete 6ontem|net|on
Par||cu|a|e cor|ar|ra||or occurs lror |re lo||oW|rg:
A. lrsull|c|er| l|||ra||or, sra|| par||c|es ol so|| e||rer oypasses |re l|||er or go
|rrougr |re l|||er.
8. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg |rs|a||a||or ard |rsull|c|er| r|gr l|oW l|usr|rg ol
dr|p |a|era|.
C. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg ra|r||re repa|r or W||r |ea|s |r ra|r||re, so|| W|||
Wasr oac| |r|o |re sys|er Wrer sru| doWr.
0. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg |a|era| d|sassero|y ard assero|y.
E. Par||c|es |r|roduced dur|rg rep|acerer| ol er|||ers.
F|||ers rave |o oe s|zed |o |re requ|rerer|s ol |re er|||er rarulac|urer. 0|llerer|
er|||ers rave d|llerer| l|||ra||or requ|rerer|s. ll |re l|||ra||or s|ze |s |oo |arge,
sra||er par||c|es |ra| car cause p|ugg|rg W||| pass |rrougr |re l|||er.
ll l|||ers rece|ve a r|gr |oad ol par||c|es or are ro| l|usred or c|eared ol|er, sed|rer|
car oypass |re screer (deperd|rg or |re des|gr ol |re l|||er). Regu|ar oac|Wasr
ol |re screer ard red|a l|||ers |s r|gr|y esser||a| lor op||rur l|||ra||or ell|cercy.
Frequercy ol oac|Wasr opera||or lor screer ard red|a l|||ers deperds or qua|||y
ol Wa|er. Tre |ruro ru|e |s, |l |re d|llerer||a| pressure oe|Weer |r|e| ard ou||e| ol
|re l|||er |s oeyord 0.5 |g/cr |rer || |s ||re lor oac|Wasr. ll cor|ar|rar| |oad |s
very r|gr ard lrequer| oac|Wasr |s |re proo|er, ser|au|ora||c or lu||y au|ora||c
screer/red|a l|||ers are recorrerded.
lr case ol red|a l|||ers, |eve| ol |re sard srou|d oe ra|r|a|red as recorrerded
oy |re rarulac|urer. Crec| |re red|a lrequer||y, |l |re red|a |s ge|||rg rourded
oll due |o cor||ruous aoras|or, crarge |re red|a.
3|r||ar|y |r case ol screer l|||er crec| |re l|||er e|erer| ard |re gas|e|s c|ose|y.
Po|yrer resr screers car oe daraged eas||y ard W||| de|er|ora|e over a per|od
ol ||re. 8e carelu| ol |re crer|ca|s |r|roduced |r|o |re sys|er. 3ore crer|ca|s
W||| cause prera|ure la||ure ol po|yrer screers. Loo| ou| lor |race arour|s ol
so|ver|s, |o|uere, re|ry|e|ry||e|ors, or ary ol |re r|grer vo|a|||e so|ver|s |ra|
d|sso|ve p|as||cs. Crec| W||r |re l|||er rarulac|urer lor suscep||o||||y |o d|llerer|
crer|ca|s. 0ua|||y ol Wa|er a|so dec|des |re l|||ra||or screer |o oe used e.g. |l
source Wa|er cor|a|rs r|gr corcer|ra||or ol su|l|des, || ray reac| W||r s|a|r|ess
s|ee| |o lorr |ror su|l|des Wr|cr W||| prec|p||a|e |r |re sys|er.
..23..
RAT00N YANA0EYENT
Ra|oor|rg ol care |s very esser||a| lor
|rcreas|rg |re oerel|| |o |re larrer.
Ra|oor|rg saves experses as |ard
prepara||or, p|ar||rg ra|er|a| cos|, seed
|rea|rer| cos|, ard p|ar||rg experses.
Proper raragerer| ol ra|oor crop |s
recessary. lr lrd|a |re po|er||a| ol
Ra|oor crop |s a|Ways urder es||ra|ed
rerce y|e|d ol ra|oor |s |oW.
8y good raragerer| ol |rr|ga||or ard ru|r|||or || |s poss|o|e |o ge| oe||er y|e|ds
lror ra|oor crop. lr Karra|a|a Vr. Pralu||a 3rar ol 3r|roga d|s|r|c| |s |a||rg
39|r ra|oor crop W||r average y|e|d 3-38 | / acre. Prelerao|y care rarves|ed
oelore Feoruary |s gerera||y adv|sed lor ra|oor|rg. wr||e rarves||rg ol |re ra|r
crop, dr|p |a|era|s srou|d ro| oe daraged.
Al|er rarves||rg |re |rasr |s co||ec|ed ard spread |r lurroWs. Trer s|uoo|e srav|rg
|s corp|e|ed. Trer g|ve Wa|er s|ress lor e|gr| days. Tre |r|erlurroW spac|rg
srou|d rece|ve ore deep cu|||va||or |o |rprove |re so|| prys|ca| cord|||or & a|so
|o prure |re s|uoo|e roo|s. Tre r|dges srou|d oe d|srar||ed al|er |re rarves||rg
ol |re ra|r crop. Tre ler||||zer dose |s app||ed as per |re ra|r crop. Al|er
app||ca||or ol ler||||zer ard d|srar|||rg ol |re r|dges s|ar| |rr|ga||or oy dr|p. lr|||a||y
opera|e |re sys|er lor 8-10 rours |o or|rg so|| a| l|e|d capac||y. For gap l||||rg |r
ra|oor crop po|yoag rursery srou|d oe ra|sed W||r s|rg|e eyed se| ard
|rarsp|ar||rg srou|d oe carr|ed ou| |r l|e|d al|er 15-50 days lor ra|r|a|r|rg
op||rur p|ar| popu|a||or.
Po|y-oag 3eed||rgs lor gap l||||rg |r ra|oor
..2..
Par||c|es W||| oe |r|roduced |r|o |re sys|er dur|rg assero|y. l| |s a|ros| |rposs|o|e
|o prever|. Tre sys|er ras |o oe l|usred oelore ary |a|era| |s correc|ed |o |re
sys|er. A proper|y des|gred sys|er W||| rave l|usr|rg po|r|s ou||| |r|o |re sys|er
a| |re erd ol a|| ra|rs, suora|rs ard oelore a|| so|ero|d ard |so|a||or va|ves |r
|re l|e|d. ll, a| ary ||re |re ra|r||re or suora|r |s oro|er |r|o lor repa|r, |re
sys|er or par|s ol |re sys|er car oe l|usred. As r|gr a l|oW as poss|o|e srou|d
oe used |o l|usr |re ra|r||res ard suora|rs, La|era|s srou|d oe l|usred W||r as
r|gr a l|oW as poss|o|e. l| ray oe recessary |o |so|a|e sore ol |re |a|era|s or a
corror suora|r |o |rcrease |re pressure erougr |o crea|e a r|gr l|oW, espec|a||y
or |org |erg|r |a|era|s W||r pressure corpersa||or er|||ers.
0re ol |re ros| corror sources ol cor|ar|ra||or |r a dr|p sys|er occurs Wrer
a our|ed ra|r||re or suora|r deve|ops a |ea|. wrer |re sys|er |s sru| doWr a|
|re erd ol ar |rr|ga||or cyc|e, Wa|er ard so|| car Wasr oac| |r|o |re ra|r||re ard
erd up |r |re er|||ers. Tr|s car cause cor||rua| p|ugg|rg or drop |r l|oW or a||
er|||ers. l| car cause excess|ve l|oW or se|l-l|usr|rg er|||ers |r add|||or.
Aro|rer corror source ol cor|ar|ra||or cores lror repa|r|rg ra|r||res ard
suora|rs. Tre sys|er srou|d a|Ways oe l|usred oelore opera||or al|er ary repa|rs.
ll poss|o|e |so|a|e a|| |a|era|s correc|ed doWr s|rear lror |re repa|r po|r| |o
prever| cor|ar|rar|s lror er|er|rg |re |a|era|s. ll sru|oll va|ves are ro| used or
|re |a|era|s, |re |uo|rg car oe c|arped |o |so|a|e |re |a|era|.
Er|||ers car oe c|eared W||rou| pu|||rg |rer ou| lror |re |a|era|s. wr||e pu|||rg
|re er|||er, |re ro|e |r |re |a|era| ray oecore oo|org caus|rg |ea|age.
wrer rep|ac|rg er|||ers oe sure |o c|ear |re oad er|||er oelore rerov|rg ||. ll
|re |uo|rg |s d|r|y, sore d|r| W||| er|er |re |uo|rg Wrer |re reW er|||er |s |rser|ed.
Aro|rer r|dder reasor |o cause par||c|es er|er |re sys|er |s |rproper pos|||or
ol |re loo|va|ve. ll loo|va|ve |s very c|ose |o |re oo||or, || ray suc| d|r| |rs|de |re
sys|er. A|Ways |eep d|s|arce oe|Weer loo|va|ve ard |re oo||or ol |re We||.
3ard F|||er (Norra| Vode) 3ard F|||er 8ac|Wasr Vode 3ard F|||er (C|ear|rg)
..22..
|NTER 6ULTURE
Keep sugarcare l|e|d lree lror Weeds. weeds corpe|e W||r |re crop lor Wa|er
ard ru|r|er|s ard reduce y|e|ds s|gr|l|car||y. weed|c|des ava||ao|e |r |re rar|e|
-3|orp or A|ra|al, or Cercer or 0oa| or 0raroxare car a|so oe used.
lr|ercu||ure a|so re|ps |r proper aera||or |r |re ellec||ve roo| zore. |oe|rg |s
dore lor oe||er aera||or Wa|er pere|rao||||y ard Weed cor|ro|.
EARTh|N0 UP
|||||rg |re c|urps |r s|ages |s requ|red
|o prov|de rao||a| |o |re sroo| roo|s ard
sull| c| er| re| gr| ol |re so| | |rus
acr|eved suppresses |re lorra||or ol
|a|e sroo|s. Tre ear|r|rg-up crarges
|re lurroWs |r|o r|dges ard r|dges |r|o
lurroWs Wr|cr perr|| dra|rage ol
excess Wa|er dur|rg ra|rs. Ear|r|rg up
|s dore a| rax|rur ||||er|rg s|age.
lr pa|red roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg, so|| |s |oosered |r o||rd lurroW area ard used |o
suppor| s|des ol sugarcare roWs. Ra|sed oed |s prepared ard |re |rr|ga||or |a|era|
|uoe |s p|aced or ra|sed oed oe|Weer |re |Wo roWs ol care. Resu||ar| re|gr| ol
1.5' prever|s |odg|rg, aera||or |r roo| zore |s ra|r|a|red, ard Wa|er roverer|
|s lac||||a|ed.
|NTER 6R0P
For ge|||rg r|grer ecoror|c re|urrs
|r|ercropp|rg |r sugarcare l|e|d |s
recessary. 0r|or, po|a|o, caooage,
cau||l|oWer, |eal vege|ao|es, grourdru|,
soyoear, e|c. car oe |a|er |r |r|||a|
s|age ol |re care crop. Tre |r|ercrop
spec|es srou|d ro| oe a reavy leeder
ard srou|d rave sra||oW roo| sys|er,
ard W||| oe ol 90-100 days dura||or.
Ear|r|rg up opera||or
lr|ercrop
..2Z..
2. Expens|on end contrect|on of tub|ng
Expars|or ard cor|rac||or ol |re dr|p |a|era|s car pu|| or pusr er|||er oper|rgs
|r|o |re d|r| ard p|ug |re er|||er ou||e|s. Tr|s car rapper Wrer |re sys|er |s
sru| doWr ard |re d|r| |s ro|s| ard Wrer er|||ers are or |re oo||or ol |re |uo|rg.
Er|||ers are |o oe |rs|a||ed or |re |op ol |re |uo|rg.
3. |nsects end Ret | 8qu|rre| nu|sence
lrsec|s sucr as ar|s ard oee||es car darage er|||ers ard |r|r Wa|| |uo|rg. wrer
ro|s|ure |s scarce as Wrer a dr|p sys|er |s sru|doWr, |rsec|s W||| creW |r|o
er|||ers ard |r|r Wa|| |uo|rg |o ge| a| |re Wa|er. Cor|ro| ol |rese pes|s W||r
|rsec||c|de |s |rpor|ar| as |rey car rerder a sys|er |roperao|e |r a sror| per|od
ol ||re.
0|rer |ypes ol |rsec|s W||| ou||d a cocoor |rs|de er|||er ou||e|s ard d|s|r|ou||or
|uo|rg. lrsec||c|de car oe used |o cor|ro| |rese pes|s a|so. Cocoors are ou|||
Wrer |re sys|er |s sru| doWr lor a per|od ol ||re. Trese pes|s reed or|y oe
cor|ro||ed dur|rg |r|s per|od.
Aro|rer rajor proo|er |s ol ra| or squ|rre|s, |rey darage |re sys|er oy creW|rg
ro|es |r |re |a|era| ||res. use ol suosurlace |a|era|s |s ore ol |re Way |o ge| r|d ol
|r|s proo|er. ll |re |a|era|s are |ayed or |re grourd a|Ways |eep a cor||r|ous
We|||rg s|r|p. Ra| gerera||y rever cross |re We| surlace. 3ore ra| repe||er|
crer|ca|s are a|so ava||ao|e |r |re rar|e| ou| || rus| oe crec|ed |ra| || srou|d
ro| oe rarrlu| |o |re p|ar|.
4. A|gee end becter|e| growth & prec|p|tet|on :
0rowth of A|gee
0re ol |re ros| |rpor|ar| proo|er |r |re ra|r|erarce ol |re dr|p sys|er |s groW|r
ol a|gae, e||rer |r |re Wa|er source or |rs|de |re sys|er.
3qu|rre| Verace
La|era| or |re 0rourd 3urlace
La|era| oe|oW |re 0rourd a|
a dep|r ol 3 - 1
..21..
Use of 6onvent|one| Fert|||zers through fert|get|on
N P K
Fert|||zer dose 100 : 45 : 45 Kg| ecre
0ura||or 0rade 0uar|||y App||ca||or |rrougr dr|p
Kg/ra Kg/day/Acre
A| P|ar||rg 33P 30 3o|| app||ca||or |r lurroWs
Al|er gerr|ra||or up |o urea 323 2Z.00
1 ror|rs ( 12 Wee|s ) V0P 9 8.00
A| ear|r|rg up 33P 30 8elore ear|r|rg
up |r lurroWs.
5|r |o Z|r Vor|rs urea 21 18.00
12 Wee|s V0P 9 8.00
ho|e . /oove scneou|e l lor ,our gu|oe||nes on|,, cnange can oe maoe accoro|ng |o so||
ana|,s|s, cro grou|n s|age oun exer|ence.
Through 8o|| App||cet|on.
App||ca||or T|re urea 33P V0P
A| p|ar||rg 53.8 30 95.80
Al|er .8 Wee|s 21 - -
Al|er 12-1 Wee|s 53.8 - -
A| Ear|r|rg up 21 30 95.80
To|a| 539 Z20 191.0
V|croru|r|er|s : lr add|||or |o r||roger, prosprorus ard po|asr, o|rer ru|r|er|s
v|z ragres|ur, z|rc, |ror ard ooror are a|so requ|red. Trese are app||ed |o |re
so|| a| |re lo||oW|rg ra|es |r |Wo sp|||s,
Z|rc su|pra|e - 10 Kg/Acre
FerroWs su|pra|e - 10 Kg/Acre
Vagress|ur su|pra|e - 50 |g/Acre
8orax - 2 Kg/Acre
F|rs| dose |s added a| p|ar||rg, ard rera|r|rg ra|l dose srou|d oe app||ed a| |re
||re ol ear|r|rg up.
..28..
A|gae car cause grea| ru|sarce |r |re surlace Wa|er oecause, Wrer |re cord|||ors
are lavourao|e |rey W||| groW rap|d|y reproduce ard cover er||re surlace ol |re
source |r |re lorr ol |arge l|oa||rg co|or|es ca||ed o|oors. l| ray cause d|ll|cu||y
W||r screer or red|a l|||ra||or sys|ers, oy c|ogg|rg |re screer or red|a surlace.
Prevent|on
A|gae car oe ellec||ve|y cor|ro||ed |r surlace Wa|er oy add|rg copper su|pra|e
lror 0.05 |o 2.0 ppr. Tre arour| ol crer|ca| requ|red ray oe oased upor
|rea|rer| up |o lee| ol Wa|er surlace. 3|rce a|gae groW|r ray occur |r upper
surlace ol Wa|er Wrere sur||gr| |s |r|erse. Copper su|pra|e car oe p|aced |r a
oag arcrored W||r a l|oa| a| var|ous po|r|s or car drag or surlace al|er pu|||rg ||
|r co||or sac|s.
ecter|e| growth end prec|p|tet|on
Cer|a|r lorrs ol oac|er|a produce a s||re groW|r or |re |rs|des ol |uo|rg ard
er|||ers. ll |re sys|er |s sru| doWr lor a |erg|r ol ||re, |re oac|er|a| s||re dr|es.
wrer |re sys|er |s opera|ed aga|r |re dr|ed s||re car orea| apar| ard p|ug
er|||ers.
Aro|rer lorr ol oac|er|a prec|p||a|es |ror ou| ol so|u||or |r |re Wa|er ard lorr
|org s|r|rgers ol |ror rus|-red s|udge Wr|cr car a|so p|ug er|||ers.
8ac|er|a| groW|r W||r a su|lur prec|p||a|e |s aro|rer |ype ol oac|er|a| groW|r |ra|
W||| lorr a Wr||e co||ory s||re |l rore |rar 0.1 ppr ol su|l|des (ro| su|la|es) are
preser| |r |re Wa|er. ll |re Wa|er ras a sre|| ol ro||er eggs usua||y rydroger
su|l|de |s preser| |r |re Wa|er ard oac|er|a| su|lur s||re W||| occur.
Prevent|on
8ac|er|a| groW|r car oe cor|ro||ed oy us|rg cr|or|ra||or ol |re Wa|er supp|y.
Cr|or|re Wrer d|sso|ved |r Wa|er ac|s as a poWerlu| ox|d|s|rg ager| ard v|gor|ous|y
a||ac| r|croorgar|srs sucr as a|gae, lurg| ard oac|er|a.
6ommon ch|or|ne sources
Ca|c|ur |ypocr|or||e (8|eacr|rg PoWder) - cor|a|rs 5 lree|y ava||a|o|e
cr|or|re (|0CL & 0CL
-
)
3od|ur |ypocr|or||e - L|qu|d lorr W||r 15 lree|y ava||oa|e cr|or|re.
Cr|or|re gas
..20..
3ugarcare reroves 1.2 : 0.1 : 1.11 Kg ol NPK per |or y|e|d ard |rerelore |re
ler||||zer requ|rerer| 1|g N/| lor p|ar| care ard 1.25 |o 1.5|g N/| care lor ra|oor.
For ar 80 |/acre y|e|d |re ler||||zer recorrerda||or Wou|d oe 100: 10: 115.
8teps for effect|ve fert|get|on
1. lrs|a||a||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or srou|d oe as per ar accura|e des|gr.
2. wasr |re l|||er e|erer| oelore s|ar||rg ler||ga||or.
3. F|usr |re |a|era|s da||y.
1. Fer||ga||or srou|d oe dore |oWards |re erd ol ar |rr|ga||or ever|. Tr|s |s |o
ersure |ra| |re ler||||zer |s Wasred aWay lror |re roo| zore oy |re |rcor|rg
Wa|er l|oW.
5. Al|er |re corp|e||or ol ler||ga||or, |rr|ga||or srou|d oe cor||rued lor aro|rer
15 r|ru|es. Tr|s W||| ersure |re |o|a| rerova| ol |re ler||||zer lror |re |rr|ga||or
sys|er.
. Corcer|ra||or ol ler||||zers |r ellec||ve roo| zore srou|d ro| exceed 1000
ppr.
Fert|get|on 8chedu|e, en Exemp|e
N P K
0ose 3ugges|ed (Kg./Acre.) 100 15 15
(Add We|| decorposed FYV - 10-15 |/acre |r lurroWs)
Fert|get|on 8chedu|e - L|qu|d Fert|||zer
0ura||or 0rade 0uar|||y App||ca||or
|r days Kg/Acre Kg/day/Acre
Al|er gerr|ra||or 19:19:19 50 1.111
15 |o 0 urea 1.88
1 |o 1Z0 19 :19:19 8 0.18
12:1:0 3 0.32Z
urea Z5 0.81
1Z1 |o 250 13:0:1 55 0.8Z
ho|e . /oove scneou|e |s on|, lor |nlorma||on. l| ma, cnange accoro|ng |o so|| nu|r|en| s|a|us
ano cro grou|n ra|e exer|enceo |n |ne area.
..29..
Recommended 6h|or|net|on:
Cor||ruous - 1 ppr lree cr|or|re, (2-3 ppr ray oe requ|red a| |re purp
|o ge| 1 PPV a| |re erd ol |re dr|p |a|era|.)
lr|err|||er| - 10-20 ppr lor 30-15 r|ru|es lrequercy deperds or |re
|eve| ol cor|ar|ra||or ou| gerera||y orce |r a lor|r|gr|.
3upercr|or|ra||or - 3roc| |rea|rer|s W||r corcer|ra||ors ol 'lree' cr|or|re as
r|gr as 50-500 ppr are sore||res used |o c|ear a sys|er ol a|gae ard oac|er|a|
groW|r |l ras a r|gr arour| ol groW|r. wrer cr|or|re sroc||rg a sys|er, |re
cr|or|re srou|d oe |e| |o s|| |r |re |a|era|s lor a per|od ol ||re, sucr as overr|gr|.
6e|cu|et|on of |nject|on Rete :
8od|um hypoch|or|te
lR = (0.3 x 0 x C ) / 3
wrere, lR -lrj. Ra|e |pr,
C - 0es|red Corcer|ra||or ppr,
3 - Percer|age ol lree ava||ao|e cr|or|re,
6e|c|um hypoch|or|te -
lR = (30 x 0 x C ) / w x 3
wrere,
lR - lrj. Ra|e |pr
C - 0es|red Corc. ppr.
3 - ol lree ava||ao|e cr|or|re,
w - Corcer|ra||or ol so|u||or grs ol Ca(0CL)
2
/||r.
0eseous 6h|or|ne
Cr|or|ra|or car oe used |o |rjec| gaseous cr|or|re |r |o |re sys|er.
lrjec||or Ra|e =3. x 0 x C
wrere,
lR = lrjec||or Ra|e |r grs/rr
0 = 3ys|er F|oW |r |ps.
C = 0es|red corcer|ra||or |r ppr.
..19..
oron |rougr requ|red |r very |oW corcer|ra||ors |s
esser||a| lor ce|| d|v|s|or. 0el|c|ercy ol 8 resu||s |r |adder
|||e |es|ors or |re |eaves. Tre |eaves cur|.
FERT|0AT|0N
Aosorp||or ol ru|r|er|s oy |re care p|ar| deperds or |re ava||ao||||y ol so||
ro|s|ure. lr dr|p |rr|ga|ed care ler||||zers Wrer app||ed |rrougr |re |rr|ga||or sys|er
(ler||ga||or) ree|s |r|s cr||er|or very ell|c|er||y. Tre very d||u|e so|u||ors ol ler||||zer,
app||ed |rrougr |re dr|p sys|er, |s |re ros| ellec||ve Way ol ler||||zer app||ca||or.
lr corver||ora| re|rod ol app||ca||or ler||||zers are e||rer oarded rear |re crop
roW or oroadcas| |r |re |r|er -roW space. wa|er |s |rer a||oWed |o l|oW |rrougr
|re |r|er- roW space. Vajor srare ol |re ler||||zer |s Wasred aWay |o |re erd ol |re
l|e|d or |o |re s|de dra|rs. Tre |oca||za||or ol ru|r|er|s a| |re roo| zore |s very
poor |r |re |a||er re|rod. |erce ler||||zer use ell|c|ercy oy p|ar|s |s a|so very |oW.
Fer||||zers sucr as urea or Arror|ur 3u|pra|e reeds |o oe p|aced a| a cer|a|r
dep|r |r |re so|| |o oe ellec||ve. |ere aga|r |re corver||ora| app||ca||or re|rod
|s lau||y Wrere a |arge dose ol so||d ler||||zer |s p|aced or |re surlace ard l|oW
|rr|ga|ed. lr ler||ga||or |re ru|r|er|s app||ed a| very |oW corcer|ra||ors |rrougr
Wa|er W||| rove doWr |r|o |re |oWer so|| |ayers cor|a|r|rg |re aosorp||ve roo|s.
lr |r|egra|ed ru|r|er| raragerer| |o|a| ler||||zer dose |s W||r use ol |rorgar|c
ler||||zers |||e urea, Arro su|pra|e, 33P, 0AP, V0P or Wa|er so|uo|e ler||||zers,
orgar|c rarures |||e We|| d|ges|ed lyr, corpos|, reer ca|e, cas|or ca|e ard
8|o-ler||||zers |||e Azo|ooac|or, P-38, K-38.
Cu-0el|c|ercy
Fer||||zer lrjec||or 3ys|ers - a) ver|ury o) Fer||||zer Tar| c) Fer||ga||or Purp
..30..
Exemp|es :
A. 6h|or|net|on us|ng sod|um hypoch|or|te
|re sys|er ol l|oW Z |ps us|rg 10 sod|ur rypocr|or||e (||qu|d lorr)
lrjec||or Ra|e (lR) = (0.3 x Z x 15)/ 10
= 3.Z8 |pr
. 6h|or|net|on us|ng 6e|c|um hypoch|or|te
|re sys|er ol l|oW 12 |ps. A so|u||or ol ca|c|ur rypocr|or||e ol 100 grs/||. |s
rade up ( |.e. 5 |g. ol ca|c|ur rypocr|or||e |r 50 ||. ol Wa|er)
lrjec||or Ra|e (lR) = (30 x 12 x 20) / (100 x 5 )
= 13.3 |pr
5. 6hem|ce| Prec|p|tet|on
6e|c|um | Yegnes|um 6erbonetes:
Ca|c|ur / Vagres|ur caroora|e prec|p||a|es lorr a Wr||e coa||rg or |re ou||e| ol
er|||ers. Tre ou||d-up ol |rese sa||s car ever|ua||y c|ose oll |re er|||er.
Ca|c|ur ard ragres|ur caroora|es car lorr Wrer |re corcer|ra||or |s grea|er
|rar 50 ppr ard |re p| |s over Z.5.
8u|f|des:
3u|l|des |r |re preserce ol |ror lror |ror su|l|de. 3|a|r|ess s|ee| (or ary s|ee|)
l|||er screers W||| p|ug oy |re lorra||or ol |ror su|l|des or |rer. 0r|y p|as||c l|||er
e|erer|s srou|d oe used |l su|l|des are preser|.
Tre use ol ler||||zers W||r |ror |r |rer W||| lorr a prec|p||a|e ol |ror su|l|de |r |re
sys|er |l |re su|l|de corcer|ra||or |s r|gr erougr. Tre prec|p||a|e |s |der||l|ao|e
oy ||s ye||oW/orarge co|or.
|ron:
lror prec|p||a|e car lorr |l |re |ror cor|er| |s grea|er |rar 0.1 ppr. Tre prec|p||a|e
|s |r |re lorr ol a rus|-red lerr|c ox|de.
wrer urcre|a|ed prospra|es or ca|c|ur sa||s are |rjec|ed W||r ler||||zers |r|o
sys|ers add|||ora| |ror prec|p||a||or car occur, espec|a||y |l |re |ror cor|er| |s
c|ose |o 0.1 ppr or r|grer.
..18..
F|e|d d|egnos|s of nutr|ent def|c|enc|es
N|trogen del|c|ercy |s eas||y d|agrosed |r |re l|e|d. Tre p|ar|s
sroW ye||oW greer |eaves ard groW|r re|ards. Tre s|ers (s|a||s)
oecore |r|r ard |re o|der |eaves dry up prera|ure|y.
Phosphorus del|c|ercy reduces |re |erg|r ard d|are|er ol s|ers
ard |rey |aper a| |re groW|rg po|r|. Tre ruroer ol care per
s|oo| reduces ard |r|er rodes oecore sra||er. Leaves oecore
rarroW ard sror| W||r |re|r ||ps sroW|rg dry|rg up.
Potess|um del| c| er| p| ar|s exr| o| |s
ye||oW|rg ard spo|||rg ol |re o|der |eaves.
Tre o|der |eaves |urr orarge ard |a|er
oroWr. Tre |eaves W||| s|ar| d|e-oac| lror
|re rarg|r ard ||ps.
urder 6e del|c|ercy yourg |eaves oecore cro|oro||c ard a| ex|rere del|c|ercy
|re r|rd oecores sol|. Ca |s ro| gerera||y app||ed excep| lor proo|er so||s.
Yg del|c|ercy resu||s |r cr|oros|s as |re e|erer| |s ar esser||a| corporer| ol
Cr|oropry||. Tre syrp|ors appear or |re o|der |eaves ard |a|er crarge |r|o
oroWr ard g|ves a rus|y appeararce. Tre s|ers oecore sror|er. Fo||ar spray ol
Vg0 |s recorrerded.
wrer |ron |s del|c|er|, |re rorra| greer co|our
d|sappears oe|Weer |re vasu|ar ourd|es (ve|rs) ard
sucr pa|e s|r|ps ex|erds |re er||re |erg|r ol |re |eal
o|ade. Tre syrp|or l|rs| appears or |re yourg
sp|rd|e |eaves ard |rer ex|erds |o |re o|der |eaves.
Fe del|c|ercy |s preva|er| |r r|gr c|ay so||s ard
|a|er|||c so||s ol |oW p|. Fo||ar spray ol lror su|pra|e
correc|s |re del|c|ercy.
Yn del|c|ercy syrp|ors are pa|e-ye||oW|sr, greer, |org||ud|ra|
s|r|pes Wr|cr a||erra|e W||r rorra| greer co|our. Tre syrp|ors
l|rs| appear or o|der |eaves.
Zn del|c|ercy causes ||gr| ye||oW s|rea|s oe|Weer |re ve|rs ol
|re |eal o|ade. Zr sror|age resu||s |r dras||c y|e|d reduc||or.
App||ca||or ol up |o 5|g/ra ol Z|rc ox|de or Z|rc su|pra|e a|org
W||r |re regu|ar ler||||zers rered|es |re s||ua||or.
P-0el|c|ercy
K-0el|c|ercy
Fe-0el|c|ercy
Vr-0el|c|ercy
..31..
Prevent|on:
lror prec|p||a|e |s cor|ro||ed oy ore or rore ol |rree re|rods:
1. Aera||or ard se||||rg.
2. Cr|or|re prec|p||a||or.
3. p| cor|ro|.
1. Aeret|on end sett||ng
Aera||or ard se|||rg |s |re |oW cos| ard eas|es| |o accorp||sr lor |arge
sys|ers. Large arour|s ol a|r are |r|roduced |o |re Wa|er |o a||oW |re oxyger
|r |re a|r |o ox|d|ze |re lerrous ox|de |o lerr|c ox|de. Tre lerr|c ox|de W|||
prec|p||a|e ard se|||e ou| ol |re Wa|er |l |re ve|oc||y ol |re Wa|er |s re|d |oW
erougr ard |org erougr. usua||y ar aera||or pord ard a se||||rg pord are
|rcorpora|ed. No|e |ra| |r|s process requ|res a |Wo purp |rs|a||a||or excep|
or a grav||y leed sys|er.
2. 6h|or|ne prec|p|tet|on
Cr|or|re |rjec|ed a| a ra|e ol 1 ppr lree cr|or|re |o eacr .Z ppr |ror W|||
lorce |re ox|da||or ol lerrous ox|de |o lerr|c ox|de Wr|cr W||| prec|p||a|e ou|
ol |re Wa|er. ll cr|or|re |s oe|rg |rjec|ed |o cor|ro| oac|er|a| groW|r, |rer |re
cr|or|re lor |ror cor|ro| Wou|d oe |r add|||or |o |ra| used lor oac|er|a| cor|ro|.
Cor|ro| ol |re |oca||or Wrere |re prec|p||a|e se|||es ou| ol |re Wa|er |s
|rpor|ar|. 3e||||rg ras |o occur oelore |re l|||er. Tr|s |s accorp||sred oy
r|x|rg |re cr|or|re ard Wa|er adequa|e|y, a||oW|rg se||||rg ard |rer l|||er|rg
|re Wa|er. ll |r|s |s ro| dore, |rer |re |ror W||| prec|p||a|e ou| |r |re ra|r||re
ard |a|era|s ard car cause p|ugg|rg. Tre recorrerded l|||er |r |r|s |rs|arce
|s |re sard red|a l|||er. Ar 'lr-||re r|xer' doWrs|rear ol |re cr|or|re |rjec||or
po|r|s a|ds |r acr|ev|rg prec|p||a||or |r a cor|ro||ed |oca||or. A pressure
|ar| or er|arged ra|r||re sec||or aread ol |re l|||er W||| a||oW sore se||||rg
oelore |re Wa|er ge|s |o |re l|||er or sra||er sys|ers.
Note : Vargarese preser| |r |re Wa|er reac|s W||r cr|or|re ard prec|p||a|e
ou| a|so, ou| ox|da||or |a|es |orger. Tr|s W||| usua||y occur |r |re sys|er ard
car cause p|ugg|rg ol |re er|||er or|l|ce. 3e|l-l|usr|rg er|||er W||| gerera||y
rard|e |r|s prec|p||a|e ur|ess |re arour| ol rargarese |s |arge (grea|er
|rar .5 ppr). Tre |a|era|s srou|d oe l|usred per|od|ca||y.
..1Z..
P|ent|ng 8eeson 0ct - Nov
Yonth 0|stence between |etere| to |etere| (m}
1.5 1.8 2.7
0c|. 1 5 5
Nov. 5 8
0ec. 5 Z
Jar. 8 8 10
Feo. 8 10 12
Varcr 10 12 1
Apr|| 12 11 20
Vay 11 1 22
Jure 12 11 1
Ju|y 10 12 11
Aug 10 12 11
3ep|. 12 11 1
Y|NERAL NUTR|T|0N 0F 8U0AR6ANE
For |re correc| ru|r|||or scredu|e ol sugarcare, |roW|edge ol ||s groW|r prys|o|ogy
|s esser||a|.
Trere |s ar |r|||a| prase ol s|oW groW|r ol aoou| -Z ror|rs lo||oWed oy a las|
ra|e Wr|cr |as|s lor aro|rer -Z ror|rs. lr |re secord prase aoou| Z5 ol dry
ra||er |s accuru|a|ed. Trerelore |re ru|r|er| supp|y srou|d |a|e care ol |r|s
|rpor|ar| |ssue. lr|eres||rg|y, |r |re corver||ora| cu|||va||or prac||ces |as| sp||| ol
ler||||zer |s g|ver oelore |re corp|e||or ol l|rs| s|x ror|rs |eav|rg |re rap|d groW|r
prase |o deperd or so|| reserves ard s|ored ru|r|er|s |r |re p|ar|. Tre d|ll|cu||y
|r ac|ua||y p|ac|rg ler||||zer |r |re roW Wr||e oard|rg |re ler||||zer |r |a|| ard c|ose
crop |s ore lac|or lorc|rg |re cu|||va|or |o corp|e|e |re ler||||zer app||ca||or oelore
ror|rs.
lr |re cor|ex| ol dr|p |rr|ga||or |r|s d|ll|cu||y does ro| ar|se ard ler||||zer app||ca||or
car cor||rue up |o 8 ror|rs. |oWever a very |a|e app||ca||or ol N-ler||||zer |s
repor|ed |o rave de|e|er|ous ellec| or sucrose accuru|a||or Wr|cr W||| allec| |re
producers ecoror|ca||y. La|e app||ca||or ol N a|ore W||| |rcrease succu|erce
ard |re cor|er| ol reduc|rg sugars oo|r are lac|ors respors|o|e lor reduc||or |r
recovery. |oWever |l K |s a|so g|ver |r adequa|e reasures, |re ellec| ol excess
N or recovery W||| oe corpersa|ed. lr lac| K ru|r|||or a| |a|e s|ages ard ||s
re|a||orsr|p |o ro|s|ure ol|er dec|des y|e|d ard |rproves recovery.
..32..
3. ph 6ontro|
lror |s rore so|uo|e a| |oWer (ac|d|c) p| va|ues. Tre p| ray r|se Wrer
Wa|er |s purped ou| ol ar aqu|ler ard |rer |ror W||| prec|p||a|e ou|. Ac|d
ray oe |rjec|ed |o ra|r|a|r |ror |r so|u||or, or || ray oe used per|od|ca||y |o
d|sso|ve |ror sed|rer|s Wr|cr are ou||| up over |re per|od.
p| |s a|so used |o cor|ro| ca|c|ur ard ragres|ur ou||d-up or er|||er ou||e|s.
Tr|s cor|ro| re|rod |s usao|e ur|ess |re er|||er |s |o|a||y p|ugged, |r Wr|cr
case |re er|||er ras |o oe c|eared oy rard or rep|aced.
Ac|d Treetment :
Tre |rjec||or ol ac|d |r|o dr|p |rr|ga||or sys|er |s pr|rar||y carr|ed ou| |o :
1. LoWer |re p| ol |re |rr|ga||or Wa|er ard
2. Prever| |re prec|p||a||or ol sa||s.
Prec|p||a||or ol sa||s sucr as ca|c|ur caroora|e, ragres|ur caroora|e or
lerr|c (|ror) ox|de car cause e||rer par||a| or corp|e|e o|oc|age ol |re 0r|p
3ys|ers. Ac|d ray a|so oe used |o |oWer |re p| ol |re Wa|er |r corjurc||or W||r
|re use ol cr|or|re |rjec||or |o |rprove |re ellec||veress ol |re cr|or|re as a
o|oc|de. Ac|d ray a|so oe ellec||ve |r c|ear|rg sys|ers Wr|cr are a|ready par||a||y
o|oc|ed W||r prec|p||a|es ol sa||s.
Tre ros| re||ao|e s|ep lor dec|d|rg or ac|d |rea|rer| |s a Wa|er ara|ys|s. 3o||
ard Wa|er sarp|es are co||ec|ed dur|rg |re survey ard |rer ara|ysed |o
recorrerd ac|d or cr|or|re |rea|rer|s as per |re Wa|er qua|||y. ver|ury, Fer||||zer
purp or Fer||||zer Tar| |s used lor crer|ga||or & ler||ga||or.
|nject|on Equ|ppment
|nject|on Rete 6e|u|et|on
0a = (3. x 0s x A ) / v
wrere,
0a - lrj. Ra|e ol ac|d |pr,
0s - 3ys|er F|oW Ra|e |ps,
A - Ac|d quar|||y |r r| |o acr|ve |re requ|red p| |r a Wa|er |es| sarp|e ol
vo|ure 'v' |||res,
v - vo|ure ol |es| sarp|e |||res.
..1..
|nste||et|on of 0r|p 8ystem:
lr |re corver||ora| 3' roWs J-|uroo||re |s p|aced |r every a||erra|e roW, a| a spac|rg
ol ' oe|Weer |re |a|era|s.
lr pa|red roW p|ar||rg re|rod ore |a|era| |s paced oe|Weer |Wo adjacer| roWs ol
care, |.e. |a|era| spac|rg a| Z.5'. 3pac|rg ol dr|ppers var|es lror 10 |o 90 cr
deperd|rg or so|| |ype, Wr|cr g|ves cor||ruous We|||rg pa||err reacr|rg oo|r
roWs ol care.
lr W|de lurroW re|rod p|ar||rg |s dore every 1.5' |o 5' ard |rdeperder| |a|era| |s
prov|ded |o every p|ar| roW. |erce d|s|arce oe|Weer |Wo |a|era|s |s 1.5' |o 5' ard
dr|pper p|acerer| a| 10 cr |o 90 cr accord|rg |o so|| |ype.
Al|er |rs|a||a||or ol |re sys|er, opera|e |re dr|p sys|er 12-21 rours lor |o or|rg
so|| ro|s|ure a| l|e|d capac||y |eve|. P|ar||rg srou|d oe dore very carelu||y a|
cr deep ard a|| se|s srou|d oe covered oy so||.
For gerr|ra||or |rr|ga||or ra|rgur spr|r||ers car a|so oe used. Al|er p|ar||rg 2
||gr| |rr|ga||or srou|d oe g|ver oy ra|rgur spr|r||ers lo||oWed oy dr|p |rr|ga||or.
Tr|s W||| resu|| |r rax|rur p|ar| s|ard W||r ro gaps ard op||rur p|ar| popu|a||or
|s acr|eved.
weter requ|rement of 8ugercene through dr|p |rr|get|on
P|ent|ng 8eeson - Jen | Feb. |/re|er |erg|r ol |a|era|.
Vor|r 0|s|arce oe|Weer |a|era| |o |a|era| (r)
1.5 1.8 2.Z
(Corver||ora|) (w|de lurroW re|rod) (Pa|red RoW)
Jar ( P|ar||rg) 1 1.5 5
Feo Z 8
Varcr 8 9 10
Apr|| 10 11.5 13
Vay 12 13 15
Jure 8 9 10
Ju|y Z 8
Aug .5 8 9
3ep|. 9 10.5 12
0c|. 10 12.0 13
Nov. 11 13 15
0ec. 10 12 15
..33..
Procedure for Ac|d Treetment :
1. Ca|cu|a|e |re arour| ol ac|d |o |rjec|, For Wr|cr |re da|a requ|red |s,
- vo|ure ol Wa|er |o oe |rea|ed,
- p| ol lrr|ga||or Wa|er,
- 0es|red p|
2. lrjec||or srou|d oe s|ar|ed W||r sys|er opera||or.
3. Crec| a| reares| er||||rg po|r| |re des|red p| |s acr|ved or ro|.
1. Adjus| |re |rjec||or ra|e.
5. Repea| 3|ep 3 ard 3|ep 1 ur||| |re des|red corcer|ra||or |s oo|a|red.
. Al|er |rjec||rg ac|d lor 30 |o 0 r|r. 3|op |rjec||rg ard sru| |re sys|er lo 21
rr.
Z. F|usr a|| suora|rs ard |a|era|s.
Preceut|ons :
A) Ac|ds are dargerous, |rey rus| oe rard|ed W||r care.
8) NEvER add Wa|er |o ac|d, a|Ways add ac|d |o Wa|er.
C) Ersure |ra| equ|prer| used |o rard|e |re ac|d |s res|s|ar| |o ac|d a||ac|.
..15..
Adventeges of dr|p |rr|get|on |n 8ugercene
1. 3av|rg ol |rr|ga||or Wa|er (10-Z0)
2. Crop y|e|d errarcerer| (0-100)
3. Errarcerer| |r sugar recovery (up |o 1)
1. lrcreased ler||||zer use ell|c|ercy ard sav|rg ol ler||||zer up |o 25.
5. 3av|rg ol e|ec|r|c poWer |r purp|rg.
. lrproved pes| ard d|sease cor|ro|.
Z. LoWer|rg ol |aoour cos|s lor |rr|ga||or
8. 0ecreased Weed groW|r ard rerce sav|rg |r |aoour cos|
9. 3u||ao|e lor ary |ype ol |erra|r or so||
10. Va|r|a|rs so|| rea||r ard prever|s so|| degrada||or
11. ldea| lor rarg|ra| |ards ard |rler|or qua|||y |rr|ga||or Wa|er
0r|p 8ystem for 8ugercene
Ja|r lr||re dr|p sys|er Wrere dr|ppers are
p|aced |rs|de |re |a|era| |uoes (J-Turoo||ne) |s
oes| lor sugarcare crop Wr|cr g|ves ur|lorr
d|scrarge ard cor||ruous We|||rg pa||err.
J-|uroo||re |s a l|ex|o|e ard sear|ess |uoe
W||r dr|ppers perrarer||y p|aced |rs|de.
l| ras a |arge cross-sec||ora| |urou|er| l|oW
pa|r |ra| ra|es || a c|og res|s|ar| er||||rg
p|pe.
Add|||ora||y, |re dr|pper ras |Wo |r|e| l|||ers |ra| avo|d |re poss|o||||y ol ary
o|oc|age.
J-|uroo||re ras |rree or|l|ces a| every dr|pper |o ersure ell|c|er| perlorrarce
lor |orger ||re.
J-|uroo||re |s easy |o ro|| oac| ard re-|ay a lea|ure espec|a||y su||ao|e lor
sugarcare cu|||va||or ard ra|oor|rg.
J-|uroo||re |s supp||ed a| var|ous dr|pper-spac|rgs |o su|| |re var|ed so||
cord|||ors Wrere care |s groWr.
J-Turoo||re sroW|rg |re |r||re
dr|ppers
..31..
RE600N|T|0N AN0 RE6T|F|6AT|0N 0F 6hEY|6AL
& |0L00|6AL 60NTAY|NAT|0N8
8r. Prob|em Reesons & |dent|f|cet|on 6ontro|
No.
1. Prec|p||a||or ol ca|c|ur Appears as Wr||e l||r or |re |rs|de ol Cor||ruous |rjec||or ol ac|d |o
ard Vagres|ur sa||s |re |a|era| |re |rs|de ol |re |a|era|/dr|p ra|r|a|r p| ol .0 - .5
|ape or |r |re l|oW pa|r ol dr|ppers sull|c|er| |o prever| lorra||or
assoc|a|ed W||r |rcrease |r p| or ol prec|p||a||or
decrease |r |erpera|ure ol Wa|er.
2. Prec|p||a||or ol Ca|c|ur wr||e |r so|u||or |rere W||| oe ro Cor||ruous |rjec||or ol ac|d
Caroora|e proo|er. 8u| as soor as sys|er |o reduce p| ol Wa|er up|o 1.0
s|ops ard Wa|er evapora|es ca|c|ur Repea|ed |rea|rer| lor severe
prec|p||a|es as Wr||e crys|a|s o|oc|ages.
arourd dr|pper/dr|p |ape or|l|ce ard
o|oc|s |re ro|es.
3. Prec|p||a||or ol |ror Crarges |r |erpera|ure ard p| cause Ac|d |rea|rer| |o |oWer |re
|ror |o ox|d|se |o |rso|uo|e lerr|c lorr p| up|o or |ess |rar 1 ard |rer
caus|rg prec|p||a||or.Prec|p||a||or |rorougr l|usr|rg al|er 21
lorrs a red s||re rass. rours.
1. Prec|p||a||or ol Vargarese car prec|p||a|e ou| as Ac|d or |r|err|||er|
Vargarese rargarese ox|de e||rer oy crer|ca| Cr|or|re |rea|rer|.
or oac|er|a| ac||or ard co|our ol
depos|| |s dar| oroWr or o|ac|.
5. 0roW|r ol a|gae W||r|r Trese reed ||gr| |o groW ard rerce Ellec||ve cor|ro| oy add|rg
Wa|er supp|y are lourd |r a|| surlace s|orage pords, copper su|pra|e |o Wa|er
We||s ard |r s|oW rov|rg Wa|er. 0roW deperd|rg upor ||s
qu|c||y ard proluse|y |o pose corcer|ra||or Wr|cr
severe proo|ers. var|es lror 0.05 |o 2 rg/ |||re.
. 0roW|r ol a|gae Trere are crarces ol a|gae groW|r lr|err|||er| Cr|or|re
W||r|r |re sys|er W||r|r l|||ers, or grourd ra|rs, |rjec||or
suora|rs |a|era|, dr|p |ape & dr|ppers.
Z. 8ac|er|a| prec|p||a||or 8ac|er|a car produce su|prur lr|err|||er| |rjec||or ol cr|or|re
ol 3u|prur/3u|pr|des |l Wa|er cor|a|rs rore |rar 0.1 rg/|||re
ol |o|a| su|pr|des. Trese oac|er|a
produce wr||e co||ory rass ard
corp|e|e|y o|oc| |re er||||rg dev|ce.
8. 8ac|er|a| prec|p||a||or w||r crarges |r |erpera|ure ard p| lr|err|||er| |rjec||or ol cr|or|re.
ol |ror sore oac|er|a cause ox|da||or ol |ror
|o |rso|uo|e lerr|c lorr caus|rg
prec|p||a||or. l| lorrs red co|our s||re
ard sore Wra| gr|||y s|usr.
hote:-Copper sulphete is very toxic to humen beings end enimels end hence due preceution should be
teken to evoid drinking this weter.
..11..
|RR|0AT|0N 0F 8U0AR6ANE
Trere |s a r|scorcep||or arorg sugarcare groWers |ra| |re crop requ|res a
|arge quar|||y ol Wa|er ard rerce l|ood re|rod ol |rr|ga||or ras oeer W|de|y |r
prac||ce. Es||ra|es ol Wa|er requ|rerer| ol sugarcare records ar average ol
1500 rr (|.e. 150 |ac | per ra lor lu|| seasor) |o produce 100 | r|||ao|e care.
Ta|e ro|e |ra| |r|s |rc|udes ra|rla|| a|so. |oWever |r ac|ua| prac||ce ol l|oW or
l|ood |rr|ga||or r|gr quar|ur ol Wa|er averag|rg over 2000 rr (200 |ac | per ra)
|s app||ed oy |rr|ga||or a|ore.
8o|| mo|sture behev|our |n f|ood |rr|geted f|e|d
For |re l|rs| |Wo |o |rree days al|er ar |rr|ga||or
|rere |s excess Wa|er |r so|| Wa|er |ogg|rg |re crop.
Tre care sullers lror |ac| ol a|r |r |re so|| ard ||
reduces aosorp||or ol ru|r|er|s ard Wa|er. Fror
|re 1
|r
|o Z |r day |re so|| ra|r|a|rs l|e|d capac||y
a||oW|rg |re care |o res|ar| ||s groW|r Wrer |re
roo|s oecore ac||ve aga|r aosoro|rg a|r, Wa|er
ard ru|r|er|s. lr |re |as| 2-3 days Wa|er oecores
del|c|er| |r |re roo| zore ard crop urdergoes
Wa|er s|ress. As |re roo| zore |s dry, |re
aosorp||or ol Wa|er, a|r ard ru|r|er|s |s |rr|o||ed.
Trerelore |r |re l|ood |rr|ga|ed s||ua||or care crop urdergoes per|od|c cyc||c s|ress
lor Wa|er, ru|r|er|s ard a|r. Tre produc||or ol dry ra||er (Wr|cr cor|r|ou|es |o
y|e|d) a|so oecore cyc||c. Tr|s allec|s y|e|d lorra||or. App||ca||or ol Wa|er da||y
|r sra|| quar||||es as per |re requ|rerer| ol care as prac||ced |r dr|p re|rod ol
|rr|ga||or oov|a|es |r|s cyc||c ra|ure ol groW|r ard dry ra||er lorra||or occurs a|
a s|eady ra|e. |erce r|grer y|e|ds are recorded urder dr|p sys|er ol |rr|ga||or
lr |re l|ood re|rod ol |rr|ga||or Z0-Z5 Wa|er goes Was|e due |o |eacr|rg, ard
evapora||or |osses. Tre |rr|ga||or ell|c|ercy ol l|ood re|rod |s or|y 25 |o 30 .
Add|||ora||y, |re use ol excess Wa|er ard |roa|arce dose ol ler||||zers degrades
|re so|| ra||rg || sa||re, ard/or a||a||re, resu|||rg |r decreas|rg care produc||v||y.
Tre |rr|ga||or ell|c|ercy ol dr|p re|rod |s 90-95. Trere |s very |||||e Was|age ol
Wa|er. 3o||s are |r lac|, rec|a|red oy us|rg cor|ro||ed |rr|ga||or ard use ol ac|d
oased ler||||zers W||r dr|p |rr|ga||or.
F|ood |rr|ga|ed l|e|d
..35..
No.
01. Lea|ages a| 3uora|r La|era|/po|y|uoe a| |re 0|g |re so|| rear suora|r ard
s|ar| |s W||rou| sull|c|er| p|ace correc||y |re grorre|
a||oWarce. |a|eoll |rs|de |re suora|r. Keep
0u||e ||gr||y p|aced recessary a||oWarce lor |a|era|
po|y|uoe W||r s||gr| pu|| a| |re oeg|rr|rg.
oy ar|ra|s or peop|e.
0rorre| |a|eoll cores
ou| or ge|s |oosered.
02. Lea|ages a| dr|p L||e aoove due |o s||gr| P|ace correc||y |re ru| ol
|ape/|a|era| jo|r|s jer|s, jo|r|s ge| s|re|cred jo|rers ard |re jo|rers
ard oecore |oose. |r|o dr|p |ape a| ore erd
ard |a|era| a| aro|rer erd.
03. Lea|ages a|org La|era|/0r|p |ape |s 3ra|| ro|es |r |re |a|era|
|a|era|/dr|p |ape daraged oy recrar|ca| car oe c|osed oy gool p|ugs
dev|ces or oy squ|rre|s, A| |re cu| sec||or, pu|
ra|s, ar|ra|s e|c. dr|p |ape jo|rers correc||y lor
|a|era|/ 0r|p |ape or pu| requ|red
p|ece ol || W||r jo|rers.
01. 0|llererce oe|Weer |re |r|e| & F|||ers are ro| c|eared. 0a||y oac|Wasr |re sard
ou||e| ol l|||er |s rore |rar l|||er lor a||eas| 5 r|ru|es.
rorra|. C|ear sard & screer l|||ers
0uar|||y ol sard |s |rorougr|y oy oper|rg
rore |r |re sard l|||er. |re|r ||ds a||eas| orce |r a Wee|.
Pressure gauge ray Crarge |re lau||y gauge
oe lau||y
A||oW d|r|y Wa|er |o oypass
l|rs| ard |rer |a|e |r|o l|||er.
05. Pressure gauge doesr'| l| ras e||rer gore ou| To avo|d rus||rg, pos|||or |re
sroW read|rgs ol Wor| due |o rus||rg pressure gauge sucr |ra| ra|r
or sore jer| |rjur|es or Wa|er Wor'| go |r.
po|r|er ras s|uc| up. Pu| P|as||c cover over ||. ll
|rd|ca|or |s s|uc|ed up, oper
|re gauge ard crec| up |re
|rd|ca|or.
Presure oeyord |re Keep |re pressure W||r|r |re
opera||rg rarge. |re opera||rg rarge.
..13..
0ur|rg l|rs| ror|r al|er gerr|ra||or |re yourg p|ar| ||ves a| |re experse ol
reserves preser| |r |re s|a|| p|ece (se|). |oWever adequa|e Wa|er srou|d oe
rade ava||ao|e |r |re so||. Trerelore cor||ruous app||ca||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or lor
8-12 rours per day lor a Wee| al|er p|ar||rg or spr|r||er |rr|ga||or |||| |nc||en|
ono|ng occurs.
0|fferent growth steges end the|r duret|on
1. 0err|ra||or 15 |o 30 days al|er p|ar||rg
2. T|||er|rg 50 |o 120 days
3. 0rard 0roW|r Prase 121 |o 210 days
1. Va|ur||y 210- 35 days
Roots end weter & Y|nere| ebsorpt|on
Tre care roo| sys|er |s spec|a| |r |re serse |ra| |re roo|s lorred lror |re se|
d|es oll Wrer |re roo|s lror |re sroo|s s|ar| |o deve|op. Trese adver||||ous roo|s
lror |re sroo| are |re rajor lurc||orar|es. Trey carry ou| |re lurc||ors ol
arcrorage ard aosorp||or. 3|ud|es rave sroWr |ra| |re upper 30 cr so|| cor|a|rs
10-0 ol |re |o|a| roo| We|gr|. Aro|rer 20-30 |s preser| |r |re 30-0 cr zore.
Roo| deve|oprer| |s |rl|uerced oy ro|s|ure, so|| pore (aera||or) ard ru|r|er|s
ra|r|y P ard Ca. Al|er ersur|rg good gerr|ra||or |re rex| |rpor|ar| |r|rg |s |o
ersure a rea||ry roo| sys|er deve|oprer|. Ar ear|y dose P ler||||zer |s esser||a|
lor |r|s.
T|||er|ng, the mejor y|e|d component
Tre process ol s|oo| lorra||or |rrougr success|ve produc||or ol sroo|s |s ||||er|rg.
T|||er|rg |s allec|ed oy ||gr|, |erpera|ure, Wa|er ard ru|r|er|s ard ders||y ol
p|ar||rg. Tre ruroer ol s|a||s (s|er) per ur|| area |s |re ros| |rpor|ar| y|e|d
corporer| rerce ||||er|rg |s cr|||ca| lor r|gr y|e|ds.
T|||er|rg |r ra|oor
T|||er|rg
..3..
No.
0. Nor-ur|lorr dr|pper C|ogged dr|ppers. 0per |re dr|ppers ard
d|scrarge. c|ear |rorougr|y.
A|gae ard sa|| F|||ers, La|era|s ard
accuru|a||or |rs|de 3uora|rs are |o oe l|usred
dr|ppers ard |a|era|s. regu|ar|y orce |r a Wee|.
3uora|rs ard |a|era|s Carry ou| recessary
are ro| l|usred proper|y. crer|ca| |rea|rer| as per |re
La|era|s are p|rcred or recorrerda||ors.
|ea|ages deve|oped Crec| |re |a|era| lor
soreWrere a|org |re p|rcr|rg ard |ea|ages |l ary.
|erg|r ol |a|era|.
0Z. Nor ur|lorr d|scrarge A|gae groW|r W||r|r 0a||y oac|Wasr ol sard
W||r dry pa|cres ol so|| |re l|||er or dr|p |ape. l|||er lor 5 r|ru|es ard l|usr|rg
|r |re dr|p |ape sys|er. 3a|| accuru|a||or |rs|de ol suora|rs ard dr|p |ape
|ape & ro|es are o|oc|ed. |rorougr|y orce |r a Wee|.
A|r re|ease va|ve |s ro| Carry ou| ac|d ard cr|or|re
a| proper p|ace or ro| |rea|rer| as per
Wor||rg ard rerce s||| recorrerda||ors
par||c|es are suc|ed |r. A|r re|ease va|ve
C|ogg|rg |re ro|es due srou|d oe |oca|ed a| |re
|o rega||ve suc||or crea|ed r|grer po|r|s a|org |re
Wrer |rr|ga||or |s s|opped. suora|r.
08. Lea|ages a| dr|pper 0r|ppers are |a|er |r 3ucr ro|es car oe
p|acerer| or |re |a|era|. ard ou| rary ||res c|osed W||r gool p|ugs.
urrecessar||y.
|o|es oecore oo|org For o|gger ro|es pu| jo|rers.
ard o|gger |r s|ze.
09. LoW d|scrarge W||r LoW 3ard l|||ers qu||e d|r|y 3ard l|||er srou|d oe |rorougr|y
pressure read|rg ard ro proper c|ear|rg c|eared ard oac|Wasred da||y.
wa|er |eve| |r source ll Wa|er |eve| ras gore doWr,
ras gore doWr. purp p|acerersrou|d oe
crarged |o lur|rer doWr.
Purp Wor||rg |s ro| Purp srou|d oe crec|ed
proper. lor ||s Wor||rg.
ll |r|s doesr'| |rer sugges|
reW purp as per requ|rerer|
ol read ard d|scrarge.
..12..
PR0PA0AT|0N 0F 6ANE AN0 0ERY|NAT|0N |RR|0AT|0N
Eacr se| cor|a|rs ore or rore ouds ard a c|rc|e ol sra|| do|s aoove |re rode
Wr|cr are |re roo| pr|rord|a. wr||e gerr|ra||rg |re ouds deve|op |r|o pr|rary
sroo|s ard |re pr|rord|a deve|op |r|o se| roo|s. Tre se| roo| |r|||a||or ard
ex|ers|or requ|res cor||ruous preserce ol ro|s|ure |r |re |op so||.
PTMETHOD
RDGES AND FURROW METHOD
1.8m
2.5'OR 3'
LATERAL
S'CANE
DRPPER
* DRPPER TO DRPPER DSTANCE 2.5' OR 3'
* DRPPER DSCHARGE 4 Lph
* LATERAL TO LATERAL DSTANCE 6'
PARED ROW PLANTNG
* LATERAL TO LATERAL DSTANCE 6.5' TO 8'
* DRPPER TO DRPPER DSTANCE 2' TO 2.5'
* DRPPER DSCHARGE 2.2 OR 4 Lps
* ROW TO ROW SPACNG OF S'CANE 2.5' OR 3'
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6.5' TO 8'
2' TO 2.5'
2.5' OR3' 2.5' OR3' 4' OR5'
X
DRPPER
S'CANE
LATERAL
0err|ra||or ol 3e|
Ar eye sroW|rg oud ard
roo| pr|rord|a
..3Z..
No.
10. No d|scrarge a| |re La|era|/dr|p |ape |s cu| or Crec| |a|era|/dr|p
|a|era|/dr|p |ape erd. p|rcred soreWrere |r |ape a|org |re |erg|r
oe|Weer. lor p|rcr|rg or cu|.
3|ra|gr|er || |l p|rcred
ard pu| jo|rers Wrerever
recessary.
11. Excess pressure a| |re l|||ers. No oy pass assero|y. lrs|a|| oypass assero|y |o
d|ver| excess l|oW ard ra|r|a|r
des|red l|oW ard pressure.
12. ver|ury |s ro| Wor||rg. LoWer pressure Cor|ro| |re 8y -pass va|ve
|rar recorrerded
a| |re pressure gauges. Crec| purp wor||rg lor |oW
Lea|ages |r |re pressure ard crec| |re ver|ury
ver|ury assero|y. assero|y proper|y l|||ed lor ||s
Purp Wor||rg |s ro| correc| d|rec||or & |ea|ages.
proper.
13. 3ard cores |r |re 3ard l|||er e|erer|s (o|ac| Crec| |re o|ac| card|es lor
screer l|||er a|org W||r card|es) are e||rer |re|r proper
|rasr, s|raWs e|c. |oosered or ro| |r p|ace ard proper|y l||||rg.
|re p|ace. wr||e c|ear|rg |re sard l|||er,
o|ac| card|es srou|d ro| oe
d|s|uroed W||r rard
roverer|.
11. very d|r|y Wa|er cores wa|er |s qu||e d|r|y La|era|/dr|p |ape
ou| a| |re erds ol W||r |o| ol s|||. srou|d oe l|usred orce
|a|era|/dr|p |ape. La|era|s/dr|p |apes are |r a Wee| regu|ar|y
ro| l|usred lor a |org ||re. o|rerW|se dr|ppers W||| g|ve
urever d|scrarge ard dr|p
|ape ro|es ge| c|ogged.
15. F|orous s||re or Wr||e wa|er cor|a|rs r|gr For sa||s |r |re lorr ol
crus|a||or groW|r quar|||y ol sa||s |r |re Wr||e crus|a||or, carry
ra|er|a| cores ou| lorr ol Wr||e crus|a||or ou| ac|d |rea|rer| ard
|rrougr |re |a|era|/ La|era|s/dr|p |apes lor l|orous s||re groW|r
dr|p|ape erds. rave ro| l|usred lor a ol a|gae carry ou| cr|or|re
|org ||re. |rea|rer| as per |re
recorrerda||ors.
1. A|r re|ease cur va|ve '0' r|rg ras dev|a|ed Pos|||or |re '0' r|rg
vacuur re|ease va|ve lror ||s oase ard oos|ruc|s proper|y or rep|ace reW
|ea||rg cors|ar||y. |r |re proper Wor||rg. |l |urr ou|.
..11..
re|rod lurroWs are opered |r a l|e|d a| Z5-90 cr accord|rg |o |re so|| |ype. lr
red|ur |ype so||s lurroWs are opered a| every Z5 cr ard |r reavy so||s lurroWs
are opered a| every 90 cr.
Al|er oper|rg lurroWs We|| decorposed FYV |s spread |r |rer. A oasa| dose ol
Prospra|e & Po|ass|ur ler||||zers, a|org W||r r|croru|r|er|s ard prora|e graru|es
are p|aced |r |re lurroWs ard covered oy |op so||. Trer p|ar||rg |s carr|ed ou|.
NoWadays p|ar||rg |s dore oy |Wo eyed se|s |eep|rg 1- cr d|s|arce oe|Weer
|Wo se|s. For |r|s 2 |o 2.5 VT seed |s requ|red per acre p|ar||rg.
8TP method w|th s|ng|e eye set
Recer||y, |r 3TP (3paced Trarsp|ar||rg) re|rod s|rg|e eyed se|s are used lor
p|ar||rg. E||rer d|rec| se|s or seed||rgs ra|sed |r po|yoag rurser|es are
|rarsp|ar|ed |r|o |re l|e|d al|er 50-55 days. For |r|s 3TP or s|rg|e eyed se| re|rod
Z50 |g - 1 VT seed per acre |s requ|red. Tr|s re|rod saves seed cos| oy 0-
Z0. lr |r|s re|rod d|s|arce oe|Weer |Wo se|s |ep| a| 30 cr.
Pe|red row method
lr pa|r roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg care se|s
are p|aced |r suosequer| |Wo lurroWs ard
rex| lurroW srou|d oe |ep| lree ol se|s. lr
pa|red roW re|rod ol p|ar||rg roW |o roW
d|s|arce vary lror 2.5' |o 3' deperd|rg
upor so|| |ype. 0re La|era| (lr||re |uo|rg)
|s sull|c|er| |o |rr|ga|e oo|r roWs. |erce
|a|era| |o |a|era| d|s|arce var|es lror Z.5' |o
9' ard dr|pper |o dr|pper spac|rg var|es lror 0 |o 90 cr. Tre pa|red roW re|rod
ol p|ar||rg |s rore popu|ar arorg |re larrers. Tre cos| ol dr|p sys|er |s reduced
oy 25-30. Trere |s a sav|rg |r seed cos|. 0roW|rg |r|ercrop |r |re space oe|Weer
|re pa|rs, |s poss|o|e. Tre crop raragerer| oecores easy, crop ge|s sull|c|er|
sur||gr| ard rerce groWs las|er. lr |r|s re|rod care produces rore ||||ers ard
r|||ao|e care. A|org W||r proper Wa|er ard ler||||zer raragerer| prac||ces y|e|d
|rcreases s|gr|l|car||y.
w|de furrow method
w|de lurroW re|rod ol p|ar||rg |s a|so a reW re|rod ol p|ar||rg. P|ar||rg ol
sugarcare |s carr|ed ou| |r a||erra|e lurroWs, |eav|rg a roW |o roW d|s|arce aoou|
150 cr. lr||re dr|p |a|era| |s prov|ded |o eacr roW ol care.
Pa|red roW
..38..
FREQUENTLY A8KED QUE8TON8 {FAQ8}
1. whether the meegre quentity of weter given through the drip system
is enough to setisfy the treditionelly flooded sugercene crop?
Arour| ol Wa|er app||ed |rrougr dr|p |s ro| reagre. Tre quar|||y ol Wa|er
app||ed |s pre-es||ra|ed oased or crop, age, so|| ard c||ra|e. Farrers are
prov|ded W||r |re |rr|ga||or scredu|e lor |re crop lor ||s er||re dura||or.
Trad|||ora| l|ood|rg crea|e excess Wa|er |r |re so|| arourd |re p|ar| |r |re
l|rs| 2-3 days ol |rr|ga||or. l| a|so crea|es a Wa|er s|ress |r |re so|| |r |re |as|
2-1 days ol |re |rr|ga||or cyc|e. lr dr|p |rr|ga|ed l|e|ds |re so|| Wa|er |s
ra|r|a|red a| ur|lorr |eve| |rrougrou|. 3ugarcare p|ar| car aosoro
(|rc|ud|rg |re gerera| evapora||or or|y 1-5 rr Wa|er per day). Tr|s |s
prov|ded oy |re dr|pper.
2. 7he drip lines, leterels ere en inconvenience during eerthing up.
lr a pa|red roW p|ar||rg |rere |s erougr space lor cu|||rg ol so|| oy spade
W||rou| |re |a|era| cor|rg |r |re Way. lr s|rg|e roW sys|er |re |a|era| |r
a||erra|e lurroWs W||| ro| oos|ruc| |re ear|r|rg up ac||v||y |l so|| |s cu| lror
ore s|de ol |re roW. lr lac| larrers rave oeer prac||s|rg ear|r|rg up |r dr|p
|rr|ga|ed care crop lor rore |rar a decade roW.
J. whet will heppen to the drip line while cutting the cene.
we recorrerd |re larrer |o pu|| |re dr|p ||re a| |re suora|r erd ard ro|| ||
ard p|ace || a| |re erd ol |re l|e|d. ll |re |a|era| ge|s cu|, a very se|dor
occurrerce, jo|rers are ava||ao|e |o recorrec| |re cu| erds.
4. 7he drip line is pleced some distence ewey from the plent row. whether
weter will reech the plent roots?
Tre Wa|er er|||ed lror |re dr|ppers W||| rove |a|era||y ard ver||ca||y. Tre
ra|e ol |rese roverer|s are deperded or |re so|| |ype. Your sys|er |s
des|gred |o prov|de a su||ao|e We|||rg pa||err lor |re crop ard su|||rg |o your
l|e|d so||. 3ugarcare roo|s reacr up |o 0 cr oe|oW |r |re so||. 8u| ros| ol
|re roo|s (0) are |r |re |op 10 cr so||. Tre d|scrarge ard rurr|rg ||re |s
prescr|oed |o see |ra| |re We|||rg c|rc|e covers |r|s so|| dep|r. Tre coa|esc|rg
ol We|||rg c|rc|es ol eacr dr|pper W||| prov|de a cor||ruous s|r|p ol We|ress |r
|re so|| Wr|cr |s adequa|e lor |re roW ol care.
..10..
0ujara|r : Co-Z1, Co-85001, CoC-8008, Co-8032, Co-8021, Co|| - 8001.
Vararasr|ra : CoC-Z1, Co-8032, Co-8011, Co-85001,
Karra|a|a : CpC-Z1, Co-91002, Co-8032, Co-8011, Co-8Z011.
Ardrra Pradesr : CoC-85038, CoA-ZZ0, Cov-92103, CoA-8801,
CoA-89082, Co-8501.
Tar||radu : CoC-950Z1, CoC-Z1, CoJr-8111, Co-8032,
Co-8219, CoC-930Z.
Kera|a : CoC-Z1, CoJr-8111, Co-Z85, Co-21Z5.
8eed 8e|ect|on
Trougr y|e|d ol 3ugarcare |s deperded upor var|e|y, qua|||y ol good seed |s ar
equa||y |rpor|ar| cr||er|or. 3ugarcare |s
propaga|ed oy cu|||rgs or sec||ors ol |re s|a||s
ca||ed se|s. Tre se| srou|d oe:
1. Fresr & Ju|cy
2. Age srou|d oe ol 9 |o 10 ror|rs .
3. 3rou|d oe lree lror Pes| & 0|sease
1. Eye ouds srou|d oe lu||y deve|oped.
5. 3e|ec| se| lror p|ar|ed care lor seed ard rever lror a ra|oor care.
8eed Treetment
3eed |rea|rer| |s recessary lor prever||or ol lurga|
d|seases. 3e|s srou|d oe d|pped lor 15 r|ru|es |r a
so|u||or ol 8av|s||r 100 gr ard Va|a|r|or 250 r| |r 100
|||ers ol Wa|er.
PLANT|N0 YETh008 AN0 8EE0 RATE
R|dge end Furrow method
Norra||y sugarcare |s p|ar|ed or r|dges ard lurroWs re|rod oy us|rg |rree
eyed (ouded) se|s. FurroWs are opered a| every Z5-90 cr accord|rg |o |re so||
|ype. For |r|s re|rod 3.5 |o 1 VT seed |s requ|red per acre.
lrs|ead ol corver||ora| re|rod ol p|ar||rg, lor ra|r|a|r|rg op||rur p|ar|
popu|a||or ard easy raragerer| ard lor r|grer produc||or, roW re|rod ol
sugarcare p|ar||rg |s deve|oped. Tr|s |s |re oes| re|rod ol p|ar||rg, ard |r |r|s
||gr qua|||y se|s
3eed Trea|rer|
..39..
Roo|s ol p|ar|s spread |oWards |re po|r|s ol Wa|er ava||ao||||y Wr|cr a|so
ersures |ra| |re p|ar|s ge| adequa|e Wa|er |r dr|p |rr|ga|ed s||ua||ors.
5. Cen we use our existing pump for the drip system?
Yes. Tre corpary erg|reer W||| des|gr |re sys|er |a||rg |r|o cors|dera||or
ol |re ex|s||rg purp.
6. Cen we follow the existing plenting style [pettern}?
Yes you car. 8u| lor cos| reduc||or ard r|grer y|e|d ol care you ray lo||oW
|re pa|red roW p|ar||rg as descr|oed oy our Agroror|s|s.
7. 8ut the plent populetion will be low in peired row?
Yes |o a sra|| ex|er|. 8u| oecause ol r|grer |a|era| ||gr| pere|ra||or |r|o |re
roW care W||| ||||er rore ard |re y|e|d W||| oe r|grer |rar Wra| you ge| |r roW
p|ar||rg.
8. 7he dripper mey get clogged or blocked?
Tre sys|er requ|res per|od|ca| l|usr|rg W||r ac|d or cr|or|re. 8ased or |re
qua|||y ol |re Wa|er |re Corpary erg|reer W||| Wor| ou| a scredu|e lor
c|ear|rg ard W||| derors|ra|e |re c|ear|rg procedure. Tre corpary a|so
|ra|rs |re opera|or or regu|ar ra|r|erarce procedure, l|||er c|ear|rg e|c.
9. whether the selt content in the weter increese while edding fertilizer in
irrigetion weter?
Add|||or ol ler||||zer |r |re |rr|ga||or Wa|er |s ol very |oW quar|||y, rard|y ra|s|rg
|re so|u|e |oad |o 10-20 ppr. F|rs| sugarcare |s a sa|| |o|erar| crop ard
secord|y a so|u|e |oad ol up |o 1000 ppr |s |o|era|ed oy 3ugarcare.
10. 0o the drippers block or clogg when fertilizer is epplied through them?
0r|ppers do ro| o|oc| oy ler||||zer. F|rs| |re corcer|ra||ors ol ler||||zer |r Wa|er
|s very |oW. 3ecord|y ros| ol |re ler||||zers |r so|u||or |s ac|d|c ard |rerelore
|rey W||| or|y ass|s| |r c|ear|rg ary prev|ous sa|| accuru|a||or |r |re |a|era|
or dr|pper.
11. 0o we heve to replece the drip lines every yeer?
No. Tre dr|p ||res W||| s|ay |r Wor||rg cord|||or lor a r|r|rur ol sever years.
Tre res| ol |re par|s ol |re sys|er W||| s|ay lor 10-15 years. Tre our|ed PvC
p|pes W||| |as| a ||le- ||re. 3o dr|p ||re car oe used year al|er year W||r proper
..9..
|rose rave deve|oped dur|rg |re prev|ous
crop. A lr|ao|e seedoed W||rou| c|ods are
recessary lor ra|r|a|r|rg |re ellec||veress
ol dr|p |rr|ga||or as |re cap|||ary r|cr so||
prol||e (adequa|e poros||y) W||| a||oW lor
spread ol ro|s|ure |a|era||y ard ver||ca||y
lror |re po|r| source.
0re deep p| ougr| rg ard |Wo cross
rarroW|rgs are recorrerded. ll |re l|e|d ras |arge c|ods or o|d care s|urps,
Ro|ova|or re|ps |r c|od crusr|rg, ra||rg so|| |oose ard prov|d|rg l|re ||||r. FurroWs
are lorred a| Z5 |o 90 cr accord|rg |o |re so|| |ype ard p|ar||rg pa||err. 0rgar|c
rarure |||e We|| decorposed FYV srou|d oe added |r |re lurroWs or|y |o |rcrease
||s ell|c|ercy.
8ugercene Ver|et|es - Trere are ruroer ol var|e||es ava||ao|e oased or |re
su||ao||||y ol d|llerer| s|a|es ol |re cour|ry. For exarp|e, |r Vararasr|ra CoC-
Z1ard Co-8032 ard |r |re dr|er par|s ol TN Co-8032 are lourd |o oe |re oes|
var|e||es lor r|gr produc||v||y ard sugar recovery. L|s| ol var|e||es re|eased lor
correrc|a| cu|||va||or |r d|llerer| s|a|es |s g|ver oe|oW :-
u||er Pradesr : Co3-8Z, Co3-8Z21, Co Par|-81211, Co3-ZZ, Co3-802, Co3- Z918,
Co3-8315, Co3-8132
8|rar : 80-90, 80-99, Co-8Z28, 80-101, Co3-ZZ, 80-109, 80-10,
80-128.
wes| 8erga| : 80-90, CoJ-1, Co-Z218, Co-99Z, Co-1118, Co-Z221,
Co-21Z5, Co-2023, 80-91.
0r|ssa : Co-90Z, Co-Z508, Co-ZZ01, Co-8011, Co-21Z5, Co-Z219, Co-Z10,
Co A-89085.
Assar : Co-1008, Co 8LN-9102, Co8LN-9130, Co-90Z, Co-8315, Co-1132,
Cajor-1 & 2
Purjao : CoJ-1, CoJ-83, Co-Par|-81211, Co3-813, Co-89003, CoJ-85, Co3-
ZZ, Co Par|-90223.
|aryara : CoJ-58, Co-ZZ1Z, CoJ-1, Co3-813, Co3-ZZ, C0LK-8001, Co-9Z5.
Rajas|rar : Co-99Z, Co-52Z, Co-1Z, Co|-92201, Co-119, Co-52Z, Co3-91230,
Co Par|-90223
Vadrra Pradesr : Co-52Z, CoC-Z1, Co-Z311, Co-119, Co-Z8, Co-119, Co-Z318,
Co-Z80Z, Co-ZZ
0rgar|c rarure app||ed |r |re lurroWs
..10..
ra|r|erarce.
12. 0o cene lodge beceuse of drip irrigetion?
No. Lodg|rg occurs due r|gr W|rd speed. l| a|so occurs due |o |oWer dep|r
ol soW|rg. 0r|p |rr|ga|ed care a|so ex|erds ||s arcror roo| |o s|r||ar dep|rs
as l|oW |rr|ga|ed cares.
1J. how meny rettoons cen be teken under drip irrigetion?
0r|p |rr|ga||or re|ps you |o rave rore ra||oors |rar Wra| you are prac||s|rg
urder l|oW |rr|ga||or. lr o|rer cour|r|es larrers go lor 10-12 ra||oors per
crop urder dr|p sys|er.
14. Cen / use the seme drip system for other crops?
Yes. Tre sys|er |s su||ao|e lor o|rer roW crops, |||e vege|ao|es, pu|ses, or
cerea|s.
15. Cen en intercrop be teken in cene?
Yes . urder dr|p sys|er ard Pa|red roW p|ar||rg ore car successlu||y |a|e
ar |r|ercrop ol vege|ao|es, pu|ses or l|oWers.
16. whet ebout ret problem? 7hey will chew the leterels.
Roder|s are corror |r sugarcare l|e|ds. Trey creW |a|era|s lor suc||rg
Wa|er. Prov|d|rg percres |r |re l|e|d lor preda|ory o|rds, app|y|rg reer ca|e
lor |re crop, |eep|rg a||erra|e Wa|er sources lor ra|s ou|s|de |re l|e|d e|c. W|||
reduce |re rerace. lr s||ua||ors Wrere ra|s cu| |re |a|era|s |rey reed |o oe
recorrec|ed.
JA|N8' 0FFER T0 8U0AR6ANE FARYER8
Ja|r |rr|ga||or |r assoc|a||or W||r 3ugar lac|or|es |a|es up |urr|ey projec|s
lor |arge sca|e adop||or ol adop||or ol dr|p |rr|ga||or |ecrro|ogy |r sugarcare
cu||ure. Tre corpary prov|des |re lo||oW|rg serv|ces oes|des supp|y|rg,
|rs|a|||rg ard serv|c|rg |re |rr|ga||or sys|er.
1. Yeter|e| 8upp|y
Ja|r |rr|ga||or W||| es|ao||sr a |erporary s|oc| po|r| a| |re sugar r||| or a
rearoy p|ace Wrere a|| corporer|s ol |re sys|er are s|oc|ed. 3upp|y ol |re
sys|er par|s ard |a|er or spares W||| oe rade ava||ao|e lror |re |oca| s|oc|.
Tr|s arrargerer| W||| ra|e || corver|er| lor |re users.
..8..
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..11..
2. Eng|neer|ng 8erv|ces
Ja|rs' erg|reers W||| |a|e up survey ol eacr larr, ard des|gr, |rs|a||a||or
ard corr|ss|or|rg ol eacr sys|er. Tre |ecrr|c|ars s|a||ored a| |re projec|
s||e W||| |ra|r larrers |r opera||rg |re sys|er ard or regu|ar ra|r|erarce
prac||ces. Trey W||| |a|e up per|od|ca| serv|ces a|so. A| lrequer| |r|erva|s
derors|ra||ors ol opera||ors |||e ler||ga||or, sys|er |rea|rer|, l|usr|rg e|c.
W||| oe corduc|ed lor larrer groups or s||e oy |ears ol corpary exper|s.
3. Agronom|c 8erv|ces
Agroror|c prac||ces requ|red lor sys|er adop||or ard lor acr|ev|rg r|gr
y|e|d ol care W||| oe exp|a|red |o |re larrers ard |o |re care oll|cers lor |r
ex|ers|or c|asses corduc|ed oy corpary agroror|s|s. Tra|r|rg progrars
are a|so corduc|ed lor larrer groups a| |re cer|ra| |ra|r|rg lac||||y ol |re
corpary |oca|ed a| Ja|gaor. 8oo||e|s ard parpr|e|s descr|o|rg pac|ages
ard prac||ces W||| oe g|ver |o |re larrers.
4. Ane|yt|ce| 8erv|ces
3o|| ard Wa|er ara|y||ca| da|a lror eacr larr are cr|||ca| |rpu|s |r sys|er
des|gr ard prepa|rg |re ra|r|erarce scredu|e. Tre corpary ras roderr
ara|y||ca| lac|||||es ard W||| |a|e up so|| ard Wa|er ara|ys|s as per reed.
5. Tre|n|ng end v|s|ts
Ja|r |rr|ga||or W||| |ra|r |re larrers ard sys|er opera|ors lor sys|er opera||or,
ra|r|erarce ard spec|a||sed ac||v|||es |||e ler||ga||or. Tre corpary W|||
corduc| c|asses ard orgar|se l|e|d |eve| rards-or |ra|r|rg progrars. ll
requ|red |re corpary W||| |ra|r lac|ory ex|ers|or persorre| a|so. Tre
spec|a||s|s lror |re corpary W||| v|s|| |re larrs per|od|ca||y oller|rg
sugges||ors.
..Z..
lr TN, Karra|a|a, AP ard Vararasr|ra |re rear ror|r|y |erpera|ures are r|gr
Wr||e |re var|ao||||y |r |re rear ror|r|y |erpera|ure |s |ess. Tr|s lac|or |s
respors|o|e lor |re r|grer y|e|ds ol |rese s|a|es corpared |o o|rer |oW y|e|d|rg
s|a|es.
3|r||ar|y, |re rear r|r|rur |erpera|ure ard |re re|a||ve |erpera|ure d|spar||y
( |.e. |re d|llererce oe|Weer rear r|r|rur ard rear rax|rur |a|er over a
ror|r) are corpara||ve|y |oWer |r Vararasr|ra ard 0ujara| dur|rg |re r|per|rg
(ra|ur||y prase). Tr|s |s Wry |rese |Wo s|a|es acr|eve r|grer recover|es corpared
|o o|rer s|a|es. Tr|s W||| a|so exp|a|r Wry a s|a|e |||e TN Wr|cr ras |re r|gres|
y|e|d ol care records |re |oWes| recovery .
Trose s|a|es record|rg a rear r|r|rur |erpera|ure ol 11-18oC ard |oW re|a||ve
rur|d||y, 50-0 ard a |oW da||y rear |erpera|ure, 22-2oC dur|rg |re r|per|rg
per|od g|ves r|gres| recovery.
Lend Preperet|on requ|rements for effect|ve 0r|p |rr|get|on Yenegement
Prepara|ory || | | age | s a very
|rpor|ar| opera||or |r 3ugarcare
cu| || va|| or. 3ugarcare roo|s
pere|ra|e up|o 90 cr deep |r |re
so|| & rerce lor oe||er groW|r ol
roo|s ||||age ras ar |rpor|ar| ellec|.
3o|| prepara||or rus| des|roy |re
s|urps ol o|d cares ard |rprove
ary oad prys| ca| so| |
crarac|er|s||cs or |oss ol s|ruc|ure
P|ougr|rg
FurroW oper|rg
AVERAGE SUGAR RECOVERY
11.1 11
10.54
8.94
10.22
9.75
9.34
9.9
12.28
0
4
8
12
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..12..
Farmer- K.K.R. Tamilarasu, Chokkanathapuram, Sivagangai, TN ** (2001-2002)
1 Area, acres 1
2 Row to Row Spacing, ft 2.5
4 Drip type: Turboline with integral drippers spaced at 0.75 m
S.No Particulars Spacing:
2 ' 3 ' 2 '
Drip Flood
e. Total (1b+1c+1d) 6750 0
C ti l I i ti [10d i
15190 0
**
The Mill reports a recovery % of 12.16 under drip and only 11.81 under
conventional Irrigation
....
5) Neg||gerce |r p|ar| pro|ec||or.
) LoW aWareress arorg |re larrers |o use |rproved cu|||va||or prac||ces.
Z) Poor a||er||or |o Ra|oor crop
3ugarcare crop oe|orgs |o 6ram|neae, |re grass lar||y. l| respords We|| |o
ru|r|||or & Wa|er raragerer|. 3ugarcare produc||v||y car |rcrease |l
appropr|a|e |rr|ga||or & ler||||za||or raragerer| |s lo||oWed.
80|L A8 A YE0|UY F0R 8UPPLY|N0, A|R, wATER AN0 NUTR|ENT8
Crop s|ards |r |re l|e|d lror 12 |o 18 ror|rs. 3ugarcare roo|s ex|erds |o 90
cr dep|r. 3ugarcare groWs ex|rere|y We|| |r red|ur |o reavy, We|| dra|red,
so||s ol p| Z.5 |o 8.5 ard r|gr orgar|c ra||er cor|er|. wa|er |ogged so||s ard
so||s ol poor dra|rage are ro| su||ao|e. 0roW|r ol 3ugarcare W||| oe poor |r ||gr|
sardy so||s. 0ypsur, or su|prur car oe used lor so|| rec|ara||or ol sa||re ard /
or a||a||re so||s.
6L|YAT|6 A0APTAT|0N
|ea|, rur|d||y, ard sur||gr| |r|ers||y p|ay |rpor|ar| ro|e |r 3ugarcare gerr|ra||or,
||||er|rg, vege|a||ve groW|r ard ra|ur||y. 3ugarcare groWs We|| |r rur|d & ro|
Wea|rer. For rore ||||ers || requ|res a |erpera|ure reg|re ol 30 |o 35 oC. l|
requ|res rur|d||y ol Z0 lor rore vege|a||ve groW|r. 3ugar corvers|or |s rore
a| |oWer |erpera|ures. l| reeds a per|od ol coo| Wea|rer or a per|od ol Wa|er
s|ress lor sucrose accuru|a||or |r |re s|ers.
3ugarcare |r lrd|a |s groWr lror 8o N |o 30o N |a|||ude cover|rg a W|de rarge ol
c||ra||c cord|||ors ard so||s. TWo d|s||rc| reg|ors ol care cu|||va||or are
recogr|zed, |re |rop|ca| ard suo|rop|ca|. Tre |rop|ca| reg|or |s sou|r ol |re
v|rdryas ard c||ra||ca||y oes| su||ed lor sugarcare cu||ure Wr||e |re suo|rop|ca|
reg|or, Nor|r ol |re v|rdryas exper|erces ex|reres ol |erpera|ures. |ere |re
surrer |erpera|ures are very r|gr ard |re W|r|er |erpera|ures are very |oW.
Tre care groW|rg seasor |s |rus res|r|c|ed a| oo|r erds. Tre sror|er |re groW|rg
seasor |re |esser |re y|e|ds ard |oWer |re sugar recovery.
Tre var|a||or |r average care y|e|d |s very r|gr (F|g. 1) W||r TN produc|rg r|gres|
y|e|d ol |re cour|ry ard VP |re |oWes|. 3|r||ar|y |re recovery ra|e |s a|so var|ao|e
(F|g. 2)
..13..
Farmer- Sri Sanjeev Mane, at Post Ashta, Tk- walwa, Sangli,MS (1999-2000)
1 Area, acres 5
2 Row to Row Spacing, ft 3
4 Drip type: 16 mm Lateral with turbokey
4lph at 0.75m
S.No. Particulars
Drip Flood
e. Total (1b+1c+1d) 21600 0
Conventional Irrigation = [10drip-
10conventional]
180400 0
..5..
NTRODUCTON
lrd|a |s Wor|d's |arges| producer ol sugar ard sugarcare. 3ugarcare |s
cu|||va|ed |r aoou| 1.09 r||||or ra produc|rg aoou| 283 r||||or | ol care W||r
ar average produc||v||y Z2. VT / ra. 0l |re severa| agr|cu||ura| crops,
3ugarcare |s |re ros| rerurera||ve crop ard ras a very r|gr ecoror|c
o|orass |o |o|a| o|orass ra||o. l|s requ|rerer|s lor Wa|er ard ler||||zer are
equa||y very r|gr. Aoou| 0 ol care |r lrd|a |s |r |re suo|rop|ca| zore ard
10 |r |rop|ca| zore. Tre produc||v||y var|es s|gr|l|car||y oe|Weer |rese
zores, || |s 89 & 58 VT/ra, respec||ve|y.
lr lrd|a area urder 3ugarcare |s r|gres|, 21.1 |a|r ra |r uP. Tre produc||v||y
ol VP |s |oWes|, 39.3 VT/ra ard |ra| ol Tar||radu |s r|gres|,131.2 VT / ra
|r |re cour|ry. Excep| |r Vararasr|ra, 3ugarcare |s groWr W||r l|ood
|rr|ga||or |r a|| o|rer s|a|es. produc||v||y ol care |s dec||r|rg due |o excess
use ol Wa|er & |roa|arced ler||||ser doses. Tre average y|e|ds ol sugarcare
|r |re rajor s|a|es are sroWr oe|oW. (F|g.1)
60N8TRA|NT8 F0R 6ANE Y|EL0 AN0 PR00U6T|V|TY
1) Nor ava||ao||||y ol r|gr y|e|d|rg var|e||es
2) 0ear|r ol good qua|||y seed
3) lrproper Wa|er raragerer|
1) use ol |roa|arced ler||||ze doses
AVERAGE SUGARCANE YIELD
0
20
40
0
80
100
120
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..11..
JAN - KOMET RAN GUN RRGATON 8Y8TEMFOR
8UGARCANE
Ra|r gurs are |re |a|es| deve|oprer| |r spr|r||er |rr|ga||or. Trese are s|ee|
corpac| |arge s|zed spr|r||ers W||r |org rarge ard rore versa|||e Wa|er
de||very sys|ers |rrougr |r|ercrargeao|e rozz|es. Tre ur||s are s|urdy
ra|r|erarce lree ard Wa|er |uor|ca|ed. Trey are su||ao|e lor a var|e|y ol crops
|rc|ud|rg sugarcare.
Feetures
Ra| r gurs are red| ur |o r| gr vo| ure | rpac|
spr|r||ers. Trey are equ|pped W||r reavy du|y
cors|ruc|| or W| |r pro|ec|ed oear| rgs. L| gr| | r
We|gr| |rese ur||s are easy |o |rs|a|| ard rave |org
Wear ||le ard very |oW ra|r|erarce. Trey are
prov|ded W||r a ur|que je|-orea|er |o prov|de ur|lorr We|||rg pa||err |r |re
er||re spar ol |re Wa|er je|. Tre Wa|er d|s|r|ou||or |s ur|lorr ard |ess allec|ed
oy W|rd corpared |o corver||ora| spr|r||ers. Trese gurs are su||ao|e lor oo|r
so||d s|a|e ard sr|l|ao|e sys|ers.
Tre gurs core |r lu|| c|rc|e ard par| c|rc|e adjus|rer|s. 0eperd|rg or |re
rode|, |re pressure (rarg|rg lror 2- |g/cr2) ard |re rozz|e se|ec|ed |re
|rroW rarges lror 19.5 r |o 31.5 r lor |re sra||er gurs ard up|o 51 r |o Z0
r lor o|gger gurs. For sugarcare |re gurs are l|||ed |o |r|pod s|ards ol 1.5r
|o 2 r re|gr|.
|nste||et|on of Re|ngun
Ra|r gur car oe |rs|a||ed e||rer as a Perrarer| sys|er, or 3er|-perrarer|
sys|er or Por|ao|e (sr|l|ao|e) sys|er |r |re care l|e|d. lr |re perrarer| sys|er
gurs are perrarer||y |rs|a||ed |r |re l|e|d as per des|gred spac|rg. Tre |r|||a|
cos| |s r|gr ou| || saves |aoour cos| requ|red |r rard||rg ard sr|l||rg.
lr |re ser|-perrarer| sys|er a p|pe||re re|Wor| |s |rs|a||ed perrarer||y ard
ou||e|s (rydrar|s) aare |a|er ou| a| |re des|red spac|rg. Ra|rgurs are rour|ed
or |o |re rydrar|s.
lr |re por|ao|e rode |re corp|e|e sys|er ol p|pe||re ard gur are sr|l|ed lror
ore p|ace |o aro|rer as per |re des|gr. Tre |r|pod l|||ed |o a |ro||ey sys|er car
a|so oe used lor sr|l||rg |re gurs.
Tre prec|p||a||or ra|e car oe adjus|ed oy pressure ard or rozz|e s|ze. Tre
prec|p||a||or ra|e rus| oe de|err|red cors|der|rg |re so|| |ype ard ||s
|rl|||ra||or ra|e |o avo|d pord|rg ard Was|age ol Wa|er. For sugarcare ar
average prec|p||a||or ra|e |s es||ra|ed as 1 |o 18 rr lor a per|od ol 1 days.
Ra|rgur TW|r95 Vode|
Wor||rg |r a 3ugarcare F|e|d
..1..
CONTENT8
1. lr|roduc||or ........................................................................... 05
2. 3o|| ........................................................................................ 0
3. C||ra||c adap||or ................................................................... 0
1. Lard prepara||or & 0r|p lrr|ga||or ......................................... 0Z
5. 3ugarcare var|e||es .............................................................. 09
. 3eed 3e|ec||or ...................................................................... 10
Z. P|ar||rg re|rods & 3eed ra|e .............................................. 10
8. Propaga||or ard 0err|ra||or |rr|ga||or ................................ 12
9. lrr|ga||or ol 3ugarcare.......................................................... 11
10. 0r|p 3ys|er lor 3ugarcare ................................................... 15
11. V|rera| ru|r|||or..................................................................... 1Z
12. F|e|d 0|agros|s ol ru|r|er| delec|erc|es ................................ 18
13. Fer||ga||or ............................................................................. 19
11. lr|ercu||ure ............................................................................ 22
15. Ear|r|rg up ............................................................................ 22
1. Ra|oor raragerer| ............................................................ 23
1Z. F|e|d ra|r|erarce ol 0r|p 3ys|er ........................................ 21
18. Trouo|esroo||rg ard Rered|es ............................................ 3
19. FA0's .................................................................................... 38
20. Ja|r Kore| Ra|rgur lor 3ugarcare ...................................... 11
*0|sc|e|mer : Tre pac|age ol prac||ces g|ver |r |r|s ooo||e| |s oased or ||r||ed
exper|rer|a| da|a ard reed ro| oe app||cao|e |o a|| 3ugarcare groW|rg
areas.Trerelore, |re corpary does ro| guarar|ee |re produc||or |eve|s rer||ored
rere |r every |oca||or Wrere |re pac|age |s adop|ed.
..15..
..1..
Modern rrigation & Fertigation
methodologies for higher yields in
8ugarcane
bLa C aD.. Water is life.. J a aD..
J8I0 IllI8II00 8jtI0Nt LI0.,
Jalgaon
J8I0 IllI8II00 8jtI0Nt LI0.
Jain Plastic Park, Bambhori, P. O. Box 72, Jalgaon - 425 001,
Tel.: 0257-250011/22, Fax: 0257-251111/22, E-mail: jisl@jains.com,
Visit us at : www.jains.com

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