The development of ASME SA 213 T23 high pressure boiler tube

Wang Qijiang1 Zou Fengming2 Zhang Ke3

1.Baosteel Technology Cent, R& !e"t. o# $teel %i"e $hanghai, 2&1'&& 2.Baosteel Tu(e, $hanghai, 2&1'&& 3.$e)*ice Cente) o# %o+e) ,-ui"ment The .inist)y o# .achine)y /n!ust)y, Beijing, 1&&023

Abstract: The !e*elo"ment o# 1$., $1 213 T23 in Baosteel, +hich is use! #o) high ")essu)e (oile) tu(e, is !esc)i(e! in the "a"e), co*e)ing !etails o# the ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e tensile st)ength, c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength an! anti2o3i!ation a(ility, etc. Tests sho+ these ")o"e)ties a)e sta(le an! satis#ie! +ith the )e-ui)ements o# 1$., $12213 stan!a)!. The)e#o)e, this 4in! o# tu(es is suita(le #o) "o+e) station (oile). Key ords: T23 high ")essu)e (oile) tu(e5 %)o"e)ty5 $tan!a)!5 %o+e) station (oile)

1! "ntroduction 1$., $1213 T23 6sim"li#ie! as T237 steel is (ase! on T22 62.28C)21.o7 steel, su(stituting W #o) a "a)t o# .o an! a!!ing mic)o2alloying elements such as 9, :(, B. ue to the soli! solution st)engthening an! the ")eci"itation st)engthening, the allo+a(le st)ess o# T23 steel is t+ice highe) than 1$., $12132T22 steel in the c)ee" )egion #)om 88& to ;28. The c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength o# T23 steel is a"")o3imately 1.< times highe) than 12C)1.o9 steel at 80& an! a"")oaches that o# 12C)2.oW9TiB R1&2 steel !e*elo"e! (y ou) count)y. Besi!es, the im"act toughness o# T23 steel is high, an! the +el!2a(ility is im")o*e! so g)eatly that it can (e use! in as2+el!e! con!ition +ithout ")eheating an! "ost2 +el! heat t)eatment. /nstea! o# 1&C).o'1&, T22, 12C)1.o9 an! 12C)2.oW9TiB, it can (e use! to manu#actu)e the su"e)heate) an! )eheate) in "o+e) gene)ation (oile)s +ith high ca"acity. With the -uic4 !e*elo"ment o# "o+e) gene)ation (oile)s in ou) count)y to+a)!s high ca"acity an! high "a)amete), mo)e an! mo)e T23 steel tu(es +ill (e use! to manu#actu)e the su(2c)itical o) su"e)2c)itical (oile)s +ith high ca"acity an! high "a)amete) in the in!ust)y o#

(oile). =o+e*e), all the T23 steel ha! to (e im"o)te! since T23 steel coul! not (e ")o!uce! in China (e#o)e this )esea)ch +as !one. The)e#o)e, the in!ust)y o# (oile) is eage) to ho"e that Baosteel can !e*elo" an! ")o!uce T23 steel in "lace o# im"o)t. /n o)!e) to im")o*e the manu#actu)e ca"a(ility o# high2ca"acity steam "o+e) "lants an! satis#y the )e-ui)ement to manu#actu)e su(2c)itical o) su"e)2c)itical "o+e) station (oile)s in China, Baosteel (egan to !e*elo" T23 steel in 1")il 2&&1. 1#te) e3"e)iencing the stages o# steel t)ial ")o!uction, tu(e t)ial )olling, ")o"e)ty e*aluation an! mass ")o!uction, Baosteel has the ca"a(ility o# mass ")o!uction an! su""ly. The main "u)"ose o# this stu!y is to !iscuss the technical ")ocess !u)ing the !e*elo"ment o# T23, the ")o!uct ")o"e)ties an! the a""lication o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel. 2! The #evelopment of T23 steel 2.1 Chemical com"ositions Ta(le 1 gi*es the chemical com"ositions o# T23 steel acco)!ing to the 1$., stan!a)! o# $12213. The mechanical ")o"e)ty !e"en!s on the chemical com"osition. =o+e*e), a )elati*ely +i!e )ange o# e*e)y element is gi*en in the stan!a)!. /n o)!e) to o(tain the o"timum com")ehensi*e ")o"e)ty it is necessa)y to o"timi>e an! cont)ol the chemical com"osition. To im")o*e the +el!2a(ility, high c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength an! !uctility o# T23 steel, it is e3t)emely im"o)tant to st)ictly cont)ol the elements o# C, %, $, 1l an! so on, #o) instance, %? &.&18@ an! $?&.&&8@.
Ta(le 1 Chemical com"ositions @
stan!a)! 1$., $12213 C &.&<C &.1& .n &.1&C &.;& % &.&3 & $ &.&1 & $i &.8 & C) 1.'&C 2.;& .o &.&8C &.3& 9 &.2&C &.3& W 1.<8C 1.D8 :( &.&2C &.&0 B &.&&&8 C&.&&; : &.&3 & 1l &.&3&

2.2 The ")o!uction ")ocess o# T23 steel tu(e The main ")o!uction ")ocess is as #ollo+sA steelma4ing in con*e)te) la!le )e#ining #u)nace ingot (looming man!)el mill tu(e heat t)eatment tu(e st)aightening ,T & BT ins"ection #inal ins"ecting "ac4ing an! ente)ing +a)ehouse. 1mong all the ")ocesses, steelma4ing an! tu(e ")o!ucing a)e -uite im"o)tant. Besi!es, in o)!e) to o(tain goo! ")ocessing ")o"e)ty, heat2t)eatment is also im"o)tant. $"ecial technologies ha*e (een maste)e! (y Baosteel. 2.3 =eat t)eatment o# T23 steel

/n the stan!a)!s o# 1$., 1 213 an! 1$., co!e case, the heat t)eatment o# T23 steel shoul! inclu!eA no)mali>ing 1&<& an! tem"e)ing D3&. 1cco)!ing to the stan!a)! o# 1$., $1 E213, T23 steel shoul! ha*e the ")o"e)tiesA yiel! st)ength <&&.%a, tensile st)ength 81&.%a, elongation 2&@ an! ha)!ness 22&=B. =o+e*e), a#te) many times o# )esea)ch on !i##e)ent no)mali>ing tem"e)atu)es an! tem"e)ing tem"e)atu)es, the heat t)eatment +as !ete)mine! to (e no)mali>e! F1&8& #o) mo)e than 2& minutes an! tem"e)e! FD;& #o) mo)e than ;& minutes. The as2su""lie! mic)ost)uctu)e o# T23 steel is tem"e)e! (ainite a#te) heat t)eatment, see #igu)e 1.

Figu)e 1. G"tical mic)ost)uctu)e o# T23 steel tu(es

3. The ")o"e)ties o# T23 steel 3.1 Tensile ")o"e)ty at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)es 1cco)!ing to HBIT <33021''8 stan!a)! 6.etallic mate)ials2Tensile testing at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e7, the s"ecimens +e)e machine! #)om the T23 steel tu(e in a)c ")o"o)tion, an! use! #o) tensile test at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)es. Figu)e 2 com"a)es the ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e tensile ")o"e)ty o# T23 steel tu(e +ith the 1$., stan!a)!. /t is seen that the ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e tensile ")o"e)ty o# T23 steel tu(e ")o!uce! (y Baosteel is satis#ie! +ith the )e-ui)ement o# stan!a)! com"letely.

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6a7 ,le*ate! tem"e)atu)e tensile st)ength o# T23 tu(e 6(7 ,le*ate! tem"e)atu)e yiel! st)ength o# T23 tu(e Figu)e 2. ,le*ate! tem"e)atu)e tensile ")o"e)ty o# T23 tu(e

3.2 C)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength 1cco)!ing to HBIT2&3'21''D stan!a)! J.etallic mate)ials2Tensile c)ee" testing an! c)ee" )u"tu)e testing at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e K, the c)ee" )u"tu)e test +as ca))ie! out at 88&, ;&& an! ;8& )es"ecti*ely using ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e c)ee" )u"tu)e machine 6R 2237. The test )esults a)e sho+n in #igu)e 3.

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Figu)e 3. C)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength #o) T23 tu(e

1cco)!ing to the least s-ua)e theo)y, the c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength at 88&, ;&& an! ;8& )es"ecti*ely can (e calculate! (y the e3t)a"olation e-uations as #ollo+sA ,3t)a"olation e-uation o# the c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength at 88& lg2.6259-0.1071lgt Then
88& 1& L123.%a
8

,3t)a"olation e-uation o# the c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength at ;&& lg2.5270-0.1235lgt Then

;&& 1& L01.2.%a
8

,3t)a"olation e-uation o# the c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength at ;8& lg2.5837-0.2120lgt Then

;8& 1& L33.<.%a
8

1ll the c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel at 8&& , ;&& an! ;8& a)e highe) than the allo+a(le st)ength in 1$., stan!a)! o# CG , C1$, 21''21 6
88& 1& 1&;.%a
8

;&& 1& ;8.%a

8

;8& 1& 31.%a7.

8

3.3 The com"a)ison o# o3i!ation )esistance (et+een T23 steel an! R1&2 steel at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e The com"a)ison o# o3i!ation )esistance (et+een T23 steel an! R1&2 steel at ele*ate! tem"e)atu)e +as !one acco)!ing to HBIT 133&321''1 stan!a)! 6$teels2 ete)mination metho! o# G3i!ation )esistance7. The )ectangula) s"ecimens 618M3&mm7 +e)e use! #o) o3i!ation

)esistance test at ;&&, an! the o3i!ation )ate +as measu)e! th)ough the inc)ease o# +eight. u)ing test, the actual hol!ing tem"e)atu)e is cont)olle! to (e ;&&N3, an! a#te) hel! #o) 1&&h, 2&&h, 8&&h, 1&&&h, 18&&h, 2&&&h, 28&&h, 3&&&h, 38&&h, <&&&h, 8&&&h, ;&&&h, D&&&h an! 0&&&h )es"ecti*ely, the +eight o# the s"ecimens +as measu)e! to com"a)e. The measu)ement )esults a)e sho+n in #igu)e <. /t is #oun! that the a*e)age o3i!ation )ate o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel is K L &.&3<1&gIm2Oh an! &.&3D0;mmIyea), +hile H1&2 steel is K L&.&3'D< gIm2Oh an! &.&<<<&mmIyea). 1cco)!ing to HBIT 133&32'1 stan!a)! 6 H)a!e 1 Jcom"lete o3i!ation )esistanceK &.1gIm2Oh7, (oth o# the t+o steels (elong to com"lete o3i!ation )esistant steel, an! the anti2o3i!ation ")o"e)ty o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel is a little (ette) than R1&2 steel.

500 %&'()'*+, #00 "00 !00 100 0

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Figu)e <. Cu)*e o# anti2o3i!ation ")o"e)ty at ;&& #o) T23 an! R1&2 tu(e

3.< 1ging ")o"e)ty The aging t)eatment tem"e)atu)e o# the tu(e is ;&&N3. The s"ecimens use! #o) mechanical ")o"e)ty test +e)e machine! #)om the tu(e hel! #o) 8&&h, 1&&&h, 3&&&h, 8&&&h, 0&&&h an! 1&&&&h )es"ecti*ely. Figu)e 8 gi*es the mechanical test )esults. /t is seen that the im"act toughness o# T23 steel !oesnPt change o(*iously a#te) aging #o) 8&&hC1&&&&h, an! still highe) than 2&&Q a#te) aging #o) 1&&&&h. The st)ength an! ha)!ness o# T23 steel !ec)ease slightly +ith the ")olonging o# aging time, an! the !ec)ease is not a""a)ent. The)e is a slight change o# elongation +ith the ageing time. The ageing o# ;&& #o) 1&&&&h sho+s that although the mechanical ")o"e)ties change a#te) aging #o) a long time at ;&& , the mechanical ")o"e)ty o# T23 is still highe) than the allo+a(le *alues in the stan!a)! o# 1$., $12213 Co!e Case 21'' +hen T23 steel is age! #o) 1&&&&h at ;&& . /t sho+s that T23 steel is suita(le to manu#actu)e "o+e) station (oile)s !ue to sta(le ")o"e)ties.

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0 1000 "000 5000 $000 6 10000

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6a7 9a)iation cu)*es o# elongation, ha)!ness an! im"act toughness a#te) aging 6(7 9a)iation cu)*e o# st)ength a#te) aging

Figu)e 8. 9a)iation o# ")o"e)ties a#te) aging

3.8 /m"act toughness at !i##e)ent tem"e)atu)es The s"ecimens #o) im"act toughness test +e)e cut #)om the as2su""lie! tu(e 6R;&.3M12.8mm7 an! machine! to stan!a)! s"ecimens o# Cha)"y 92notche! 61&M1&mm7. 1cco)!ing to HBIT 22'21''< stan!a)! 6.etallic mate)ials2 Cha)"y 92notche! im"act testing7, im"act toughness at !i##e)ent tem"e)atu)es +as measu)e!, as sho+n in Figu)e ;. /t sho+s the !uctile2()ittle t)ansition tem"e)atu)e 6F1TT8&7 is 2<& C 2<8.
01(2345 1!0 100 $0 60 #0 !0 0 / 60 / 50 / #0 / "0 / !0 / 10

10

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Figu)e ;. /m"act toughness cu)*e at !i##e)ent tem"e)atu)es

3.; %)ocessing ")o"e)ty o# T23 steel The #lattening test an! #la)e test +e)e ca))ie! out using T23 tu(es 6 60.312.5mm7 #ollo+ing the stan!a)! o# 1$., $12<8&. /t is con#i)me! that the ")ocessing ")o"e)ty o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel is e3cellent 6see Figu)e D7, an! is satis#ie! +ith the )e-ui)ements o# (oile) steel.

Figu)e D. 1""ea)ance o# #lattening an! #la)e test s"ecimens

$! The application in domestic boiler factories T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel has (een use! +i!ely in most o# the !omestic (oile) #acto)ies since it +as !e*elo"e! success#ully. Figu)e 0 gi*es the a""lication o# T23 steel in main !omestic (oile) #acto)ies in 2&&< an! 2&&8. The success#ul !e*elo"ment o# T23 steel in Baosteel g)eatly im")o*es the manu#actu)e ca"a(ility an! com"etiti*e ca"a(ility o# su(2 c)itical an! su"e)2c)itical "o+e) station (oile)s. 1t the same time, the ga" o# heat2)esistance steel )esea)ch (et+een #o)eign count)ies an! ou) count)y is also sho)tene!.

!000 1500 1000 500 0 A B

!00#@

!005@

Figu)e 0. Gutstan!ing achie*ement o# a""lication BaosteelPs T23 in Boile) Wo)4s

%! &onclusions 617 /t is con#i)me! that all the -uali#ications an! ")o"e)ties o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel a)e satis#ie! +ith the stan!a)! o# 1$., $12213 com"letely. The !omestic T23 steel is suita(le to manu#actu)e "o+e) station (oile)s +ith high ca"acity. The)e#o)e, the technological !esign, +hich is chosen (y Baosteel to !e*elo" T23 steel, is )ight.

627 The !uctile2()ittle t)ansition tem"e)atu)e6F1TT8&7 o# T23 steel ")o!uce! (y Baosteel is 2<&C 2<8, an! it is anti2o3i!iation com"letely at ;&&. 637 The e3t)a"olate! c)ee" )u"tu)e st)ength o# T23 steel tu(e ")o!uce! (y Baosteel at 88& , ;&& an! ;8& #o) 1&&&&&h is 123.%a, 01.2.%a an! 33.<.%a )es"ecti*ely, +hich is satis#ie! +ith the 1$., stan!a)! o# CG , C1$, 21''21. 6<7 The success#ul !e*elo"ment o# T23 steel in Baosteel g)eatly im")o*es the manu#actu)e ca"a(ility an! com"etiti*e ca"a(ility o# su(2c)itical an! su"e)2c)itical "o+e) station (oile)s. 1t the same time, the ga" o# heat2)esistance steel )esea)ch (et+een #o)eign count)ies an! ou) count)y is also sho)tene!. 'eferences
1. Wang Chong(in, Zhou Si"ing et al. The ")o"e)ties o# 1$., $1 $12132T23 high2st)ength (oile) tu(e, Boile) Technology, 1''0, <, 2DC32 2. 1$., $12213I$12213.2&2a $%,C/F/C1T/G: FGR $,1.S,$$ F,RR/T/C 1: 1B$T,:/T/C

1SSGT2$T,,S BG/S,R, $B%,R=,1T,R, 1: =,1T2,UC=1:H,R TBB,$ 3<&C381.

Author: Wang Qijiang 1995! "# mal$# %ro&$''or# (or)' at hot-rolling t$*hnolog+ o& '$aml$'' tu,$ anth$ -$.$lo%m$nt o& n$( high %r$''ur$ ,oil$r tu,$ &or ultra 'u%$r-*riti*al %o($r 'tation. /$l 26607289