NCCI - Design of Portal Frame Eaves Connections

NCCI: Design oI portal Irame eaves connections
SN041a-EN-EU
NCCI: Design of portal frame eaves connections
This NCCI provides information on the design method for a bolted eaves moment
connection. It includes several simplifications which are explained throughout the
document, to obtain simpler but conservative calculations.

Contents
1. Design model 2
2. Parameters 4
3. Weld design 6
4. Potential resistances oI bolt rows in the tension zone 7
5. Assessment oI the compression zone 12
6. Column web panel in shear 14
7. RaIter web in compression 15
8. Force distribution in bolt rows 15
9. Assessment oI the shear resistance 19
10. Limits oI application 20
11. Background. 21

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1. Design model
1.1 Stiffness
According to 5.2.2.1(1) oI EN 1993-1-8, a joint can be classiIied as rigid, nominally pinned
or semi-rigid according to its rotational stiIIness by comparing its initial stiIIness, S
j,ini
with
the classiIication boundaries given in 5.2.2.5 oI EN 1993-1-8. The initial stiIIness oI a joint
connecting H or I sections may be calculated according to the rules given in
6.3.1 oI EN 1993-1-8.
A joint may be classiIied on the basis oI experimental evidence, experience oI previous
satisIactory perIormance in similar cases or by calculations based on test evidence.
1.2 Strength
1.2.1 General model
The moment resistance, M
j,Rd
,

and the shear resistance, J
j,Rd
, oI the joint depend on the
connected members and the basic components oI the joint that make a contribution to the joint
resistance: bolts, column web and Ilanges, haunch and raIter web and Ilanges and welds, see
Figure 1.1. 6.1.3 and Table 6.1 oI EN 1993-1-8 provide the inIormation to identiIy the basic
joint components.

2
1
j,Ed
Ed
M
V
3
1
3
2
j,Ed
Ed
M
V
4
7
5
6
8
10
9 4
7
5
6
9
10
8
A A
B B
C C

(a) Flush end plate (b) Extended end plate

Key:
1. Column
2. Eaves haunch

3. Rafter
4. Flange Weld

5. Web weld
6. Bolts

7. End plate
8. Shear bolts

9. Optional tension stiffeners
10. Compression stiffener
A. Tension zone B. Shear zone C. Compression zone

Figure 1.1 Portal frame eaves connections with bolted end plate
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Some countries treat the bolts in the tension zone and in the shear zone as one group oI bolts,
thereIore, extra bolts (noted * in Figure 1.1) may be required to satisIy the spacing
requirements in Table 3.3 oI EN 1993-1-8. Other countries treat them as two separate bolt
groups, and no additional bolts are necessary.
According to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.7.2, once the basic components have been identiIied, the
design moment resistance oI the eaves bolted end-plate joints may be determined Irom:
Rd tr, r Rd j,
F h M
r
!
"
where:
Rd tr,
F is the eIIective design tension resistance oI bolt-row r,
r
h is the distance Irom bolt-row r to the centre oI compression; this can be taken as the
middle oI the compression Ilange oI the haunch.
r is the bolt-row number.
The joint must satisIy:
0 , 1
Rd j,
Ed j,
#
M
M

The procedure to determine the joint resistance is presented in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Procedure to determine F
tr,Rd
and the joint resistance
Step
1. Calculate potential tension resistance of each bolt row
in the tension zone
Rd(row) t,
F
2. Calculate the design compression resistance in the
compression zone
Rd c,
F
3. Calculate the design shear resistance of the column
web panel
Rd wp,
J
4. Calculate the effective design tension resistance of
each bolt row
Rd tr,
F
$
"
r
F h M
Rd tr, r Rd j,

5. Calculate the moment resistance of the joint
Rd Ed
J J # 6. Assessment for vertical shear forces

1.2.2 Simplifications
Several simpliIications have been done in this NCCI in order to make the calculation oI the
eaves moment connections easier, leading to a conservative approach. These are described
below:
! In the Iull calculation the tying resistance oI bolt rows should be calculated by
considering bolt rows individually and bolt rows as part oI groups oI bolt rows, and
taking the minimum resistance obtained. In this simple approach, only the individual bolt
rows are considered. This leads to conservative results but saves a lot oI time and eIIort in
the process.
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! The eIIective length oI each T-stub to calculate the tying resistance oI the bolt row is
taken as the minimum possible eIIective length to avoid the superposition oI the eIIective
lengths oI the diIIerent bolt rows. This is shown in section 4.1 in this document.
! Based on 6.2.2(2) oI EN 1993-1-8 the tension zone and the shear zone are treated
separately. It is assumed that bolts in the tension zone support only tension and no shear.
Similarly the bolts in the shear zone only support shear and no tension.
! 4 oI EN 1993-1-8 gives rules Ior weld design. Weld design is usually carried out aIter
the calculation oI the design resistance oI the connection. However, this NCCI gives
simple rules Ior the initial sizing oI the welds. It speciIies Iull strength welds, which leads
to a simple calculation procedure. Further methods Ior weld design are given in Annex A
oI this NCCI.
2. Parameters
PE 500
e
q
ep
c
x
pl
c
c
p
ep
x 1
2
2
3
3
1
2
3
a
PE 450
PE 450
t
h
p
h
e
p
p
p
e
b
e
w
e
d
p
d
d
p
p
p
d
e
d
p
3000
b
e
ep
3
pl

Figure 2.1 Portal frame eave: Parameter definition
a eIIective throat thickness oI the weld;
A
Ib
cross section oI the raIter Ilange
b
p
width oI the end plate
d
1
distance Irom the top oI the tension Ilange oI the raIter to the edge oI the end plate
d
2
pitch between the bolt row in the extended zone oI the end plate and the Iirst bolt row
below the tension Ilange oI the raIter
d
3
distance Irom the last shear bolt row to the bottom oI the compression Ilange oI the
haunch
e
1
vertical distance Irom the edge oI the column Ilange to the Iirst bolt row
e
c
horizontal distance Irom the edge oI the column Ilange to the bolt line
e
p
horizontal distance Irom the edge oI the end plate to the bolt line
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SN041a-EN-EU
e
pl
distance between the bottom oI the compression Ilange oI the haunch and the edge oI
the end plate
e
x
vertical distance Irom the edge oI the end plate to the Iirst bolt row
f
ub
ultimate strength oI the bolt
f
u,b
ultimate strength oI the raIter
f
u,c
ultimate strength oI the column
f
u,h
ultimate strength oI the haunch
f
u,p
ultimate strength oI the end plate
f
y,b
yield strength oI the raIter
f
y,c
yield strength oI the column
f
y,h
yield strength oI the haunch
f
y,p
yield strength oI the end plate
h
c
depth oI the column
h
p
depth oI the end plate
m distance Irom the centre oI a bolt to 20 distance into the adjacent haunched raIter
weld to the end-plate or distance Irom the centre oI a bolt to 20 distance into the
column web root (as indicated in Figure 6.2 oI EN1993-1-8).
n
s
number oI bolts in shear
n
t
number oI horizontal bolt rows in tension
p pitch between bolt rows in the tension zone
p
2
pitch between the last tension bolt and the Iirst shear bolt
p
3
pitch between bolt rows in the shear zone
r is the bolt row number, the bolt-rows are numbered starting Irom the bolt-row
Iurthest Irom the centre oI compression;
w gauge (i.e. distance between cross centres)
t
Ib
thickness oI the raIter Ilange
t
Ic
thickness oI the column Ilange
t
p
thickness oI the end plate
t
wb
thickness oI the raIter web
t
wc
thickness oI the column web
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3. Weld design
3.1 Tension flange to end-plate weld
Conservatively a Iull strength weld is appropriate. This requirement will be satisIied provided
the weld throat thickness is such that:
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
+
2
u
M2 w
M0
y
Ib
f
f
t a
, -
,

where:
f
y
is yield strength oI raIter section
f
u
is nominal ultimate strength oI the weaker part joined (i.e. end plate or raIter section)
w
- is the correlation Iactor Irom Table 4.1 oI EN 1993-1-8
When ,
M0
1,0 and ,
M2
1,25:
Ib
46 , 0 t a . + Ior a S235 beam
Ib
48 , 0 t a . + Ior a S275 beam
Ib
55 , 0 t a . + Ior a S355 beam
Additional calculation methods are given in Annex A oI this NCCI.
3.2 Web to end-plate weld
RaIter web welds in the tension zone should conservatively be Iull strength. It is sensible to
use this Iull strength weld Ior the Iull web depth as well.
This requirement will be satisIied provided the weld throat thickness is such that:
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
+
2
u
M2 w
M0
y
wb
f
f
t a
, -
,

where:
f
y
is yield strength oI raIter section
f
u
is nominal ultimate strength oI the weaker part joined (i.e. end plate or raIter section)
w
- is the correlation Iactor Irom Table 4.1 oI EN 1993-1-8
When ,
M0
1,0 and ,
M2
1,25
wb
46 , 0 t a . + Ior a S235 beam
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wb
48 , 0 t a . + Ior a S275 beam
wb
55 , 0 t a . + Ior a S355 beam
3.3 Compression flange welds
II the compression Ilange has a properly sawn end, a nominal weld is suIIicient and the
Iollowing throat thicknesses are recommended:
! 5 mm Iillet welds or
! 4 mm Iillet welds, Ior beams with Ilange thickness oI 12 mm or less
In other cases, the weld must be designed to carry the Iull compressive Iorce expected in the
haunch Ilange.
4. Potential resistances of bolt rows in the tension
zone
NOTE: EN 1993-1-8 uses the symbol F
t,Rd
to reIer to both the tension resistance oI an
individual bolt row and the tension resistance oI one bolt. In this document F
t,Rd(row)
has
been used to refer to the tension resistance of the row.
For each bolt row, the potential design tension resistance is given in EN 1993-1-8 6.2.7.2(6):
/ 0
Rd wb, t, Rd ep, t, Rd wc, t, Rd Ic, t, Rd(row) t,
; ; ; min F F F F F "
Table 4.1 Components of the joint to determine the potential design resistance of a bolt row
Component Section number
Column flange in bending
Rd Ic, t,
F 4.1
Column web in transverse tension
Rd wc, t,
F 4.2
End-plate in bending
Rd ep, t,
F 4.3
Rafter web in tension
Rd wb, t,
F 4.4

The potential design tension resistance F
t,Rd(row)
Ior each bolt-row should be determined in
sequence, starting Irom the Iurthest bolt row Irom the centre oI compression (bolt row 1) and
then progressing to the next one (bolt-row 2) until the last one, the closest one to the centre oI
compression, is calculated (see Figure 4.1). Assume the centre oI compression is in line with
the centre oI the compression Ilange oI the haunch.
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r =1
r =2
r =3

r =1
r =2
r =3
r =4

(a) Flush end plate (b) Extended end plate

Figure 4.1 Order to determine the potential design tension resistance of bolt rows in eaves
connections.
For simplicity and ease oI calculations, the potential design tension resistance oI each bolt-
row assumes that there is no overlap with other bolt-rows.
This simpliIied approach leads to conservative results assuming that T-stub eIIective length
!
eII
is determined accordingly, see worked example SX031.
The eIIective design tension resistance F
tr,Rd
Ior each bolt row may be less than the potential
design tension resistance F
t,Rd(row)

4.1 Column flange in bending
The design resistance and Iailure mode oI an unstiIIened column Ilange in transverse bending,
together with the associated bolts in tension, should be taken as similar to those oI an
equivalent T-stub Ilange.
F
t,Ic,Rd
min (F
T,1,Rd
, F
T,2,Rd
, F
T,3,Rd
); accounting Ior prying Iorces and the three Iailure modes
(see table 4.2 below). This is the same as Table 6.2 oI EN 1993-1-8 6.2.4:
Table 4.2 Failure modes and design resistance
Failure mode Design resistance
Mode 1 Complete flange yielding
m
M
F
Rd pl,1,
Rd T,1,
4
"
Mode 2 Bolt failure with flange yielding
n m
F n M
F
1
1
"
$ Rd t, Rd pl,2,
Rd T,2,
2

Mode 3
$
"
Rd t, Rd T,3,
F F Bolt failure

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where:
M2
s ub
Rd t,
9 , 0
,
A f
F " is the tension resistance oI non countersunk bolts.
Rd t, Rd t,
2F F "
$
i.e. two bolts per row
$
"
M0 y
2
Ic eII,1 Rd pl,1,
/ 25 , 0 , f t M !
$
"
M0 y
2
Ic eII,2 Rd pl,2,
/ 25 , 0 , f t M !
min
e n " but m n 25 , 1 # , see Figure 6.2 in EN 1993-1-8
$ eII
l can be determined according to Figure 6.2, Figure 6.9 and Table 6.4 (Ior unstiIIened
columns) or Table 6.5 (Ior stiIIened columns) oI EN 1993-1-8.
Alternatively a simple conservative approach as given below can be used.
For an individual bolt row the Iollowing simpliIication can be made:
eII eII,2 eII,1
L l l " "
$ $
as shown in Iigure 4.2 below
$ eII,1
l is the value oI Ior mode 1
$eII
l
$ eII,2
l is the value oI Ior mode 2
$eII
l
This method is based on the assumption that the eIIective length is always limited to a
maximum distance oI the pitch between bolt centres. Figure 4.2 and table 4.3 illustrate this
approach.
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Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
eff eff L =p L =p
eff
eff
L
L

(a)
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
eff
eff
eff
eff
L =p
L =p
L
L

(b)

Figure 4.2 Effective lengths of the T-stub in (a) extended end plate and (b) flush end plate
connections.

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Table 4.3 Effective length for each bolt row
End bolt row
Inner bolt
row
End bolt row adjacent to a
stiffener (stiffened column
flange) or outside the tension
flange of the rafter (end plate)
Inner bolt row adjacent to a
stiffener (stiffened column
flange) or below the tension
flange of the rafter (end plate)
m 2 2
1
2e m1 2
e m 25 , 1 4 1
p e m 5 , 0 625 , 0 2 1 1
p e 5 , 0 11
m 2 2
e m 25 , 1 4 1
p
m 2 2
1
2e m1 2
/ 0 e m m e 625 , 0 2
1
1 3 14
x
2 m 2
w m 2
x
1 2
e m 2
x
1 2
x x
25 , 1 4 e m 1
x x
625 , 0 2 e m e 1 1
p
5 , 0 b
x x
625 , 0 2 5 , 0 e m w 1 1
m 2 2
m 4
p m1 2
/ 0 e m m 625 , 0 2 5 , 0 1 3 14

4.2 Column web in transverse tension
The transverse tension resistance Ior an unstiIIened column web is given in
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.3 as:
M0
wc y, wc wc t, eII,
Rd wc, t,
t
,
5 f b
F "
where:
2
vc wc wc c, eII,
) / ( 3 , 1 1
1
A t b 1
" 5 is the reduction Iactor to allow Ior the interaction with
shear in the column web panel.
A
vc
is the shear area oI the column, see EN 1993-1-1 6.2.6(3). For rolled I and H
sections it can be conservatively taken as .
w w
t h
eII wc t, eII,
l b " , see section 4.1
4.3 End-plate in bending
The design resistance and Iailure mode oI an end-plate in bending, together with the
associated bolts in tension, can be determined Iollowing the methodology given in section 4.1
oI this document Ior column Ilange in bending and using Table 6.6 instead oI Table 6.4
oI EN 1993-1-8.
) ; ; min(
Rd T,3, Rd T,2, Rd T,1, Rd ep, t,
F F F F "
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4.4 Rafter web in tension
The resistance oI the raIter web in tension Ior an unstiIIened web can be calculated according
to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.8 as Iollows:
M0
wb y, wb wb t, eII,
Rd wb, t,
,
f t b
F "
where:
eII wc t, eII,
l b " , see section 4.1
5. Assessment of the compression zone
The design compression resistance oI the compression zone may be calculated as Iollows:
/ 0
Rd Ih, c, Rd wc, c, Rd c,
; min F F F "
For and see sections 5.1 and 5.2 below.
Rd wc, c,
F
Rd Ih, c,
F
In addition, it is necessary to assess that:
Rd c, Ed c,
F F #
Due to the Iact that haunches in portal Irames are typically long enough, the component oI the
compression Iorce in the direction oI the haunch can be considered as the horizontal
component acting in the column web, which is the sum oI the tensile resistances oI the bolts:
$
"
Rd(row) t, Ed c,
F F
Table 5.1 Components of the joint involved in the assessment of the compression zone
Column web in compression
Rd wc, c,
F 5.1
Haunch flange and web in compression
Rd Ih, c,
F 5.2
5.1 Column web in transverse compression
5.1.1 Requirement of a compression stiffener
A stiIIener is needed when the column web in compression is not strong enough to take all the
compression Iorce. The stiIIener also guards against the buckling oI column web.
The stiIIener also improves the stability oI the column, especially iI there is a plastic hinge
Iorming at this position.
In most practical cases a compression stiIIener will be required.
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5.1.2 Column web with a compression stiffener
The design resistance oI a stiIIened column subject to transverse compression may be done in
accordance with 9.1(3) oI EN 1993-1-5.
5.1.3 Column web without a compression stiffener
The design resistance oI an unstiIIened column web subject to transverse compression is
given in EN 1993-1-8, 6.2.6.2:
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
"
M1
wc y, wc wc c, eII, wc
M0
wc y, wc wc c, eII, wc
Rd wc, c,
; min
,
6 5
,
5 f t b k f t b k
F
where:
! is a reduction Iactor, see section 4.2
p Ic p Ib wc c, eII,
) ( 5 2 2 s s t a t b 1 1 1 1 " ; is the eIIective width oI column web in
compression Ior bolted end-plate connections.
a
p
is the weld throat.
s
p
is the length obtained by dispersion at 45 through the end-plate (at least and,
provided that the length oI end-plate below the Ilange is suIIicient, up to ).
p
t
p
2t
" is the reduction Iactor Ior plate buckling:
iI 72 , 0
p
# 7 then 0 , 1 " 6
iI 72 , 0
p
8 7 then
2
p
p
) 2 , 0 (
7
7
6
3
"
where

2
wc
wc y, wc wc c, eII,
p
932 , 0
t E
f d b
" 7 it the plate slenderness.
Ior a rolled I or H section column: ) ( 2
c Ic c wc
r t h d 1 3 "
Ior a welded I or H section column: ) 2 ( 2
c Ic c wc
a t h d 1 3 "
wc
k is a reduction Iactor accounting the maximum longitudinal compressive stress
Ed com,
9 due to axial Iorce and bending moment in the column web (adjacent to the
root radius Ior a rolled section or the toe oI the weld Ior a welded section)
when
wc y, Ed com,
7 , 0 f # 9 then 0 , 1
wc
" k
when
wc y, Ed com,
7 , 0 f 8 9 then
wc y, Ed com, wc
7 , 1 f k 9 3 "
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In preliminary calculations, a value oI 0 , 1
wc
" k is recommended, as well as checking the
value later, once the longitudinal stress is known. However, the value oI can
conservatively be used.
7 , 0
wc
" k
5.2 Haunch flange and web in compression
The compression resistance oI the haunch Ilange is given by the Iollowing expression in
6.2.6.7 oI EN 1993-1-8.
/ 0
Ih
Rd c,
Rd, Ih, c,
t h
M
F
3
"
h is the depth oI the beam including raIter and haunch
M
c,Rd
is the design moment resistance oI the beam (raIter haunch) cross-section, reduced
iI necessary to allow Ior shear, see EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5. M
c,Rd
may be calculated
neglecting the intermediate Ilange.
t
Ih
is the Ilange thickness oI the connected haunch.
II the height oI the beam (raIter haunch) exceeds 600 mm the contribution oI the raIter web
to the design compression resistance should be limited to 20. This means that iI the
resistance oI the Ilange is then:
Ib y, Ib Ib
f b t
8 , 0
Ib y, Ib Ib
Rd Ih, c,
f b t
F #
6. Column web panel in shear
Provided the column web slenderness satisIies the Iollowing condition: : 69
w
#
t
d
, the
resistance oI the column web panel in shear Ior an unstiIIened column, according to 6.2.6.1
oI EN 1993-1-8, is:
M0
vc wc y,
Rd wp,
3
9 , 0
,
A f
J "
where
A
vc
is the shear area oI the column, see EN 1993-1-1 6.2.6(3) and section 4.2 in this
document.
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7. Rafter web in compression
The design resistance and Iailure mode oI the raIter web in compression, due to the
reinIorcement oI the haunch, can be determined Iollowing the methodology given in section
5.1 Ior column web in transverse compression:

Figure 7.1 Failure of the rafter web in compression
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
"
M1
wb y, wb wb c, eII, wc
M0
wb y, wb wb c, eII, wc
Rd wb, c,
; min
,
6 5
,
5 f t b k f t b k
F
II this resistance is not enough to support the acting compression Iorce in the raIter web, a
compression stiIIener should be provided.
8. Force distribution in bolt rows
The potential resistance in each bolt row F
t,Rd
(see section 4) is calculated one row at a time,
starting at the top and working down. The Iorce permitted in any bolt row is based on its
potential resistance, and not on its lever arm. Bolts rows near a point oI stiIIness, such as the
beam Ilange or a stiIIener, will be thereIore attract more load and have higher potential
resistance.
Plastic distribution
A plastic distribution oI Iorces in bolt rows is permitted, but this is only possible iI the
deIormation oI the column Ilange or end plate can take place.
There are two conditions that the eIIective tension resistance oI the bolts must satisIy (see
Figures 8.1(a) and 8.2(a):
According to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.7.2(7) compression resistance or the shear resistance oI the
column web panel must be greater than the sum oI the tension resistance oI all the bolts:
1. Compression:
) ; ; min(
Rd wb, c, Rd Ih, c, Rd wc, c, Rd(row) t,
F F F F #
$
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2. Column web panel in shear:
-
Rd wp,
Rd(row) t,
J
F #
$

See sections 5 and 6 Ior the calculation oI the compression resistance and the shear
resistance oI the web panel.
1 " - is the transIormation parameter according to EN 1993-1-8 5.3(8)
II the conditions mentioned above are not satisIied then modiIications are required (see
Figures 8.1(b) and 8.2(b)).
Triangular limit
According to 6.2.7.2(9) oI EN 1993-1-8, no bolt row should have a potential tension
resistance greater than 1,9 times the eIIective tension resistance oI any oI the bolt rows below:
Rd t, Rd tx,
9 , 1 F F #
where
Rd tx,
F is the eIIective design tension resistance oI bolt row x
x is the Iurthest bolt row Irom the centre oI compression that has an eIIective tension
resistance greater than 1,9 times the eIIective tension resistance oI any oI the bolts
below.
II the potential resistance oI a bolt row is governed by mode 3 Iailure (i.e. bolt Iailure) (given
as ) then plastic distribution is not possible. ThereIore modiIication to the
potential resistance is made to ensure that they do not exceed the triangular distribution Ior
rows below the raIter Ilange (see Figures 8.1 and 8.2).
Rd t, Rd(row) t,
9 , 1 F F +
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F
F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F <
F
c,Rd
= F
tr,Rd,i
F = F
F = F
F < F
tr,Rd,1 t,Rd,1
tr,Rd,2 t,Rd,2
tr,Rd,3 t,Rd,3
!
!
# 1.9 F
t,Rd tx,Rd

F
F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F
F
F
F
t,Rd,1
t,Rd,2
t,Rd,3
! +
# 1.9 F
t,Rd tx,Rd

(a) Plastic distribution (b) Modified plastic distribution
< Because F
c,Rd
and V
wp,Rd
! F
t,Rd,i
therefore the
effective tension resistance (F
tr,Rd
) is equal to the
potential design resistance (F
t,Rd,i
)
< Because F
c,Rd
and/or V
wp,Rd
< F
t,Rd,i
therefore the
effective tension resistances (F
tr,Rd
) have to be
reduced starting from the closest bolt to the
compression centre:
= !
!
F F
F
F = F
F
F
tr,Rd,2
tr,Rd,3
t,Rd,1 tr,Rd,1
c,Rd
c,Rd
t,Rd,i
tr,Rd,i
= F
F 1.9 F
t,Rd tx,Rd
8

+ ! F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F
F = F
F
F
t,Rd,1 tr,Rd,1
tr,Rd,2
tr,Rd,3
F 1.9 F
t,Rd tx,Rd
8

(c) Triangular limit (d) Triangular limit

< Because F
tx,Rd
> 1,9 F
t,Rd
the effective tension
resistance has to be reduced:
x
r
Rd tx, Rd tr,
h
h
F F "
< Because F
tx,Rd
> 1,9 F
t,Rd
the effective tension
resistance has to be reduced:
x
r
Rd tx, Rd tr,
h
h
F F "
< Because F
c,Rd
and/or V
wp,Rd
< F
t,Rd,i
the effective
tension resistances (F
tr,Rd
) have to be reduced,
starting from the closest bolt to the compression
centre

Figure 8.1 Flush end plate force distribution in bolt rows.

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+ ! F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F
F
t,Rd,1
F
F
t,Rd,2
t,Rd,3
F
t,Rd,4
F
tx1,Rd
# 1.9 F
t,Rd

!
!
F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F <
F
c,Rd
= F
tr,Rd,i
F = F
F = F
F = F
tr,Rd,1
tr,Rd,2
t,Rd,1
t,Rd,2
tr,Rd,3 t,Rd,3
F
t,Rd,4 tr,Rd,4
< F
F
tx1,Rd
# 1.9 F
t,Rd

(a) Plastic distribution (b) Modified plastic distribution
< Because F
c,Rd
and V
wp,Rd
! F
t,Rd,i
therefore the
effective tension resistance (F
tr,Rd
) is equal to the
potential design resistance (F
t,Rd,i
)
< Because F
c,Rd
and/or V
wp,Rd
< F
t,Rd,i
therefore the
tr,Rd
) have to be
compression centre
F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F <
F
c,Rd
= F
tr,Rd,i
F
t,Rd,1
= F
tr,Rd,1
F = F
F
t,Rd,2 tr,Rd,2
tr,Rd,3
F
tr,Rd,4
!
!
F
tx1,Rd
1.9 F
t,Rd
8

F
c,Rd t,Rd,i
F
F
t,Rd,1
= F
tr,Rd,1
F = F
t,Rd,2 tr,Rd,2
F
tr,Rd,3
F
tr,Rd,4
+ !
F
tx1,Rd
1.9 F
t,Rd
8

(c) Triangular limit (d) Triangular limit

< Because F
tx,Rd
> 1,9 F
t,Rd
therefore the effective
tension resistance has to be reduced:
x
r
Rd tx, Rd tr,
h
h
F F "
< Because F
tx,Rd
> 1,9 F
t,Rd
therefore the effective
tension resistance has to be reduced:
x
r
Rd tx, Rd tr,
h
h
F F "
< Because F
c,Rd
and/or V
wp,Rd
< F
t,Rd,i
therefore the
tr,Rd
) have to be
compression centre

Figure 8.2 Extended end plate force distribution in bolt rows.
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9. Assessment of the shear resistance
The design shear resistance to vertical shear Iorces oI the joint must be determined by
accounting the contributions oI the relevant basic components:
/ 0
Rd ep, i, b, Rd Ic, i, b, Rd i, v, s Rd
; ; min F F F n J " ; see Table 9.1
where
s
n is the number oI bolts that are required to resist shear, see EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2(2)
Table 9.1 Components of the joint involved in the assessment of the shear resistance
Bolts in shear
Rd v,
F 9.1
Bolts in bearing on column flange
Rd c, b,
F 9.2
Bolts in bearing on end-plate
Rd ep, b,
F 9.3

9.1 Bolts in shear
The design resistance oI bolts in shear is given in EN 1993-1-8 3.6 as:
M2
s ub v
Rd v,
,
4 A f
F "
where:
A
s
is the tensile stress area oI the bolt
6 , 0
v
" 4 Ior bolt classes 4.6, 5.6 and 8.8
5 , 0
v
" 4 Ior classes 4.8, 5.8, 6.8 and 10.9
9.2 Bolts in bearing on column flange
The design resistance oI bolts in bearing on the column Ilange is given by the Iollowing
expression according to Table 3.4 oI EN 1993-1-8.
M2
u b 1
Rd c, b,
,
4
"
fc
t d f k
F

where:
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
" 0 , 1 ; ; min
u
ub
d b
f
f
4 4
! in the direction oI load transIer:
0
1
d
3d
e
" 4 Ior end bolts;
4
1
3
0
1
d
3 "
d
p
4 Ior inner bolts
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! perpendicular to the direction oI load transIer:
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
3 " 5 , 2 ; 7 , 1 8 , 2 min
0
2
1
d
e
k Ior edge bolts
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
3 " 5 , 2 ; 7 , 1 4 , 1 min
0
2
1
d
p
k Ior inner bolts
9.3 Bolts in bearing on end-plate
The design resistance Ior bolts subjected to shear on the end-plate, can be determined
Iollowing the methodology given in the section 9.2 Ior bolts in bearing in the column Ilange:
M2
u b 1
Rd ep, b,
,
"
p
t d f a k
F
10. Limits of application
The application oI this document must be in accordance with the rules and relevant limits oI
application set out in EN 1993-1-8. A summary oI these is presented below:
! Haunches should be arranged according to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.7(2):
! the steel grade oI the haunch should match that oI the member;
! the Ilange size and the web thickness oI the haunch should not be less than that oI the
member;
! the angle oI the haunch Ilange to the Ilange oI the member should not be greater than
45;
! the length oI stiII bearing s
s
should be taken as equal to the thickness oI the haunch
Ilange parallel to the beam.
! According to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.7(2), the method given in this document Ior
determining the design moment resistance oI a joint M
j,Rd
should not be used iI the axial
Iorce in the connected member exceeds 5 oI the design plastic resistance N
p!,Rd
oI its
cross-section
! According to EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.7(3) the Iollowing conservative method may be used, iI
the axial Iorce N
Ed
in the connected beam exceeds 5 oI the design resistance, N
pl,Rd
:
0 , 1
Rd j,
Ed j,
Rd j,
Ed j,
# 1
N
N
M
M

where:
M
j.Rd
is the design moment resistance oI the joint, assuming no axial Iorce;
N
j.Rd
is the axial design resistance oI the joint, assuming no applied moment.
! Bolts in the tension zone are assumed to provide their Iull design resistance in tension and
the total shear resistance is assumed to be provided by the bolts in the shear zone.
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11. Background.
The rules in this NCCI are based on:
(1) EN 1993-1-8.2005 Eurocode 3. Design of Steel Structures Part 1-8. Design of
Joints. CEN.
(2) EN 1993-1-1.2005 Eurocode 3. Design of Steel Structures Part 1-1.General rules
and rules for buildings. CEN.
(3) ENJ 1993-1-1.1992 and ENJ 1993-1-1 AC.1992, Eurocode 3. Design of Steel
Structures Part 1-1. General rules and rules for Buildings. CEN.
(4) Joints in Steel Construction Moment Connections (P207). The Steel Construction
Institute and The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd., 1995.
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Annex A
Tension flange to end plate weld
1. Design a weld to carry the tension capacity oI the Ilange
M0
y Ib
Rd pl,
,
f A
N "
2. Design a weld to carry the total tension Iorce in the top three bolt rows Ior an extended
end plate:
Rd t3, Rd t2, Rd t1, Rd tr,
F F F F 1 1 "
$

or the total tension Iorce in the top two bolt rows Ior a Ilush end plate:
Rd t2, Rd t1, Rd tr,
F F F 1 "
$

According to the simpliIied method in 4.5.3 oI EN 1993-1-8, the design resistance oI the
weld per unit length, is:
Rd w,
F
a f F
d vw, Rd w,
"
where:
Rd w, Ed w,
F F #
Ed w,
F is the design value oI the weld Iorce per unit length;
d vw,
f is the design shear resistance oI the weld:
M2 w
u
d vw,
3 /
, -
f
f "
u
f

is the nominal ultimate tensile strength oI the weaker part joined
w
- is the correlation Iactor, see Table 4.1 in EN 1993-1-8.
The length oI the weld to multiply with the design resistance per unit length to obtain the total
design resistance oI the weld is:
a b b 2
eII
3 "
where
b is the total length oI the weld
a is the throat oI the weld
II the size oI the weld is too big ( ) then the use oI partial depth penetration butt
welds reinIorced by superimposed Iillet welds is recommended. The design resistance oI butt
welds is given in
mm 12 + a
EN 1993-1-8 4.7.
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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE NCC: Design of portal frame eaves connections
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Jaime Grijalvo LABEN
Technical content checked by Jose Antonio Chica LABEN
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the
following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SC 23/5/06
2. France A Bureau CTCM 23/5/06
3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SB 23/5/06
4. Germany C Mller RWTH 23/5/06
5. Spain J Chica Labein 23/5/06
Resource approved by Technical
Coordinator
G W Owens SC 12/7/06
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:

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NCCI - Design of Portal Frame Eaves Connections

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