Course Coordinator: Prof.

SUSHIL Group 10 MBA PT (2010)

DEBJIT NASKAR SAURABH SINGH UTTAM KUMAR CHANDAN SINGH ABHISHEK TRIPATHI HEMANT MADAN NITIN K JAIN SANDIP KESWANI SUKHWINDER SINGH (2010SMN6920) (2010SMN6924) (2010SMN6927) (2010SMN6894) (2010SMN6936) (2010SMN6881) (2010SMN6897) (2010SMN6898) (2010SMN6926)

Water Treatment Plant ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

HISTORY
Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use as drinking water, industrial processes, medical and many other uses. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. One such use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact. The processes involved in treating water for drinking purpose may be solids separation using physical processes such as settling and filtration, and chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation. Biological processes are also employed in the treatment of wastewater and these processes may include, for example, aerated lagoons, activated sludge or slow sand filters.

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

The combination of following processes is used for municipal drinking water treatment worldwide: Prechlorination for algae control and areesting any biological growth Aeration along with pre-chlorination for removal of dissolved iron and manganese Coagulation for floculation Coagulant aids (polyelectrolytes) to improve coagulation and for thickner floc formation Sedimentation for solids seperation, that is, removal of suspended solids trapped in the floc Filteration removing particles from water Desalination process of removing salt from the water Disinfection for killing bacteria
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Typical Sewage Treatment Flow Diagram

Primary
Degritting Degreasing Primary Clarification

Secondary
Biological Process

RAW SEWAGE

Screening

BOD : 150 - 350 mg/l TSS : 300 - 530 mg/l

BOD : 20 mg/l TSS : 30 mg/l

SCREENING Types in terms of Operation:

Manual Mechanical

Types in terms of bar spacing:

Fine Medium Coarse
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Fine Bubble diffuser for aeration

Primary Clarifiers Types in terms of Operation:

Circular Rectangular

Primary Clarifiers

Secondary Clarifiers
Types in terms of Operation: Circular Rectangular

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1. Pulsator and Pulsatube Technologies

2. Aquazur V - Technology 3. Pulsatube & Aquazur V

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Pulsator Technology

Key Description:
Pulsating Sludge Blanket Clarifier Rectangular Flat Bottom RCC Tank Even water distribution over entire bottom Even sludge withdrawal across the tank
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Pulsator Operating principles

Gravity Air vacuum Treated water

Expansed Coagulation sludge Floculation

Sludge extraction

Raw water

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The PULSATOR Technology

VACUUM BLOWER

AIR INLET VALVE

VACUUM CHAMBER

CLARIFIER WATER COLLECTION TROUGHS

CLARIFICATION ZONE

SLUDGE BLANKET SLUDGE CONCENTRATOR DISTRIBUTION PIPES SLUDGE OUTLET INLET

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Pulsator : Cross Section

Vacuum draws water up

Clarified water collected at top evenly

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Raw Water Inlet Distribution Pipes Sludge Concentrator Vacuum Chamber Desludging Drain Collention Channels Stilling Plates

Excess sludge falls into concentrators

Rises through sludge blanket Raw water inlet

Sludge draw off by hydrostatic Head: NO PUMP!

Raw water distributed evenly

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Key Features Very high rise rates (3 - 6 m/h) Compact (optimum land usage) Homogenous sludge blanket (filtering effect) Efficient hydraulic design - Uniform bottom distribution - Uniform top recovery Sludge concentrators Built-in flash mixer and floculation

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Water quality benefits

Capable of treating High and Low Turbidity : Adjusting sludge withdrawal: frequency / duration Effective Algae removal: > 95 % due to: - Long flocculation time - Filter action of sludge blanket Excellent treated water quality: - SS (Low load on filters) - Colloids
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Operational Strengths LOW O&M COST:

- No underwater equipment - Minimal mechanical equipment requiring operator - No day-to-day adjustement - Requires only annual routine maintenance - Low chemical consumption and Low water losses - Lower power consumption: no separate flocculator or bridge mechanism

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Pulsator for plants rehabilitaion

Pulsator can be well adaptated for rehabilitation projects: Buenos-Aires (Argentine): 1.300.000 m3/d Alexandria (Egypt): 240.000 m3/d
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Pulsator References in Korea

Deoksan-Pusan: 1.550.000 m3/d Kwangam-Seoul: 1.000.000 m3/d Sunyu-Seoul: 400.000 m3/d Hwamyeong-Pusan: 360.000 m3/d
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Pulsator References

10.000.000 m3 / day worldwide N of plants Worldwide: 750 N of Pulsators: 1.500 N of Filters: 3.200 Plant capacity from 3 - 3,000 MLD
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1. Pulsator and Pulsatube Technologies

2. Aquazur V - Technology 3. Pulsatube & Aquazur V

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Pulsatube Theory

High rate clarification

Settling of sludge after 5 minutes

Settling of sludge after 10 minute s

Settlin g of sludge after 15 minute s

Sludge settling

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Pulsatube technology Installing lamellae modules manufactured by Degrmont:

Rising velocity Pulsator: 2 4 m / h

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Layout comparison Conventional layout: 240.000 m2

4 3 2 1

1- Clarifloculator 2- Filters battery 3- Sludge treatment 4- Treated water reservoir

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Layout comparison Pulsator: 120.000 m2

2 1 2 4 3

Saved Space

1- Pulsator 2- Filters battery 3- Sludge treatment 4- Treated water reservoir

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Layout comparison Pulsatube: 62.000 m2

Saved Space
2 1 2 3 4

1- Pulsatube 2- Filters battery 3- Sludge treatment 4- Treated water reservoir

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1. Pulsator and Pulsatube Technologies

2. Aquazur V - Technology 3. Pulsatube & Aquazur V

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Key Description

High Rate Gravity Sand Filters False Floor Fitted with Nozzles Constant Head & Constant Rate Filtration Washing Simultaneous with Air & Water

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Simple drawings
Sand Noozle Washing Water outlet V-shaped trough Wash water

Channel for filtered water Air & wash water

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Filtration
Raw water

Filtered Water

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Wash of filters

Surface sweeping

Wash Water

Wash Air
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Aquazur-V - Cross Section

Uniform Media Size Deep bed filtration, Longer Filter Runs

Unique Cross-Wash during Backwash

Advanced Nozzle Floor 33

False Floor & Noozle

SAND

AIR

AIR

Water

Water

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Key Features of running High filtration rates (7 - 20 m/h) Deep & homogenous filter bed Uniform feed through V-Channels In-depth Clogging Positive Pressure Over Entire Sand Depth No bed expansion during washing Surface sweep during washing
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Aquazur-V Filtration mode

R aw w ater in let

F iltr

a t io n

T o w ard s o th er filters

Scour
W a sh

A ir

F ilterin g m ed iu m N ozzles

w a te

V a lv

e c lo sed

V a lv e

c lo se

d V a lv e open

FILT ERE D

WAT

F iltered w a ter ou tlet

ER O UTL

ET

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Aquazur-V Filtration mode

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Aquazur-V Backwash Mode

Air blower To other filters

W ash

m ode
Towards other filters

Scour Air
Sc o u r A ir ter V a lv e op

To other filters

W as

h wa

en

V a lv

e op

en Valv e clo se d

Wash water discharge

Wash water pump

Wash water

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Aquazur-V Backwash Mode

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Backwash Mode Rinsing phase

Lateral sweeping

Lateral sweeping

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Backwash Mode Rinsing phase

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End of Backwash Mode

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Improvement AQUAZUR V vs T

During the wash, water being filtered is continually delivered to provide surface sweeping: no sudden increase in flow rate for the other filters High filtration rates, with sand depths between 1 and 2 m.

The filter bed stays homogenous, without hydraulic reclassification During washing, low backflow rate of filtered water: reduce equipment requirements and energy consumption
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Advantages AQUAZUR V

GENERAL ADVANTAGES of AQUAZUR V

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Operational Benefits

Excellent treated water quality < 0.5 NTU Long filter runs Low water losses Low power consumption Minimum sand loss

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More economical system

1. Low geometrical headloss between inlet & outlet 2. Less losses & Sand cheaper than anthracite 3. Smaller size for the equipment (pipes, valves, pumps) 4. Less water and energy for backwash

46

1. Pulsator and Pulsatube Technologies

2. Aquazur V - Technology 3. Pulsatube & Aquazur V

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Bangalore - India

Aquazur V

Pulsatube

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Pulsatube & Aquazur: Benefits

1. Land usage : 50 % saving

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Manpower : 50 % saving Water losses : 40 % saving Power : 40 % saving Chemicals : 20 % saving Water quality : turbidity < 05 NTU algae : 95 % removal

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Pulsatube & Aquazur: Benefits Efficient O&M - Minimum chemical use - Low operator input - Minimum water losses - Low power requirement - Minimum maintenance Excellent treated water quality Flexible to changes in flow / load Compact Design Consistent, Cost Effective & High Quality Water

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Thanks Queries Session

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