Notesby: HelenPorter,LizzyHarris,RandyMiller,&ThomasMaloney 1/22 GrammarNote Punitive(grammarterm)literaltranslationImanyoumeansIconsideryouaman Taoistphilosophyreactstoinherentpunitivequalityforalllanguage Taoistrealityuncapturablebylanguageworldbeyondlanguage Muchofthisliteratureexploresthelimitationsoflanguagewhatpartoftheworldliesbeyondthe scopeofwhatlanguagecancapture? discussion/examplesoftranslations travelsinarabiadesertaaboutlanguage SuzukiandCarus ReasonsRealization TheReasonthatcanbereasonedisnottheeternalReason.

varioustranslationspresented(invariouslanguages) DaodeJing obscureb/citsbrokenandmixedup ChuangTzu valuesuselessnessoverusefulness Theradicalquestioningofallthingsexceptforuselessness exampleofthegreattree usesConfuciusandstudentsascharactersinstoriestoillustrateideas aroseatthesametimeandsomewhatinconflictwiththe.. Mohists reliedonlogic broughtuptheinherentdifficultyinrectifyingnames ethicalphilosophers debatesbetweenCandMwerelogical(rectifynaming) ifyoureamoralphilosopheryoullnevercometoanagreement moralphilosophyalwaysboilsdowntoacertainarbitrarinessforthisreasonitwasnot valuedbyChuangTzu inotherwords,onessenseofrightandwrongcanalwaysbecalledsubjective TheChuangTzutakesastandpointbyNOThavingastandpointoropinion History transitionfromShangtoChoufromDi(ancestraldeity)toTien(mandateofheaven) KingofChouissaidtopossessMandateofHeaven conceptofheavensolvesaproblemofDigod(allowedChoutolegitimizeitself)butcreatesa problem...

relationshipofheavenandhumanhowclosearethey? associetyprogresses,theclosenessofthisrelationshipbeginstobreakdown andpeopleareseenasfurtherawayfromHeaventhus... WesternChou:RitualSpecialists seektoembodytheconnectionbetweenpeopleandHeaven job:tokeepthedivinepowerswithinaccess influencewayofheaven Specialrelationshipswiththedivinepowersandcouldinfluencewiththewayofheaven strengtheningcommitmenttorituals=archaicanswertoissue,yetphilosophyprevails workedtocreatemassiveparticipationinritual(music,recitingpassages,etc) *Confuciusdoesntclaimspecialconnectiontoheaven hisselfneededtobeinaplaceofritual ritualasawayofcultivationoftheselfandwayoflife valuesperformingeverythingasaritualthusonesvariousdutiesareperformed righteouslyandinaccordancewithvirtue=cultivatingtheself thusthesecularisseenassacred Manifestationofthestateofgovernmentwasmainlyasrituals Musicwasimportant>bronzebells>penatonicscaleofnotesthatcorrespondto thecalander Heaven normative notthewaythatmakeshumansgreatbuthumanswhomakethewaygreat thewaycomesfromheaven

Mencius Partialcontinuitybetweenhumansanddivinepower humanscanbringordertotheworld Heavenisthesourceofmoralpatternsyetitcananddoescorrupt HeavenandHumanhavethepossibilityofconflict Conflictbetweenheavenandhumanrealmcomeswhenhumansmakemoral judgements Chuangtzu Heavenisnotthesourceofmoralnorms,Humansarethusheavendoesnotfollow them. AntiMoralPhilosopher p.103 togetatsomethingrealyouhavetogotodistinctionofbeingalivevs.not beingalive wanderinunity,lodgeinacommonbody,beyondthesquaremovingtoward somethingfarthertheKarmaofnonaction

lifeislikeanabscessorasore gowiththatflow,reducingthemind,distinctness,etc theseriouspersonhasnoname Remember:Beyondthesquare(FangWai) squarereferstoConfuciusmat,cities,government beyondthespatialworld,transcendingdefinitionsofbeingandnonbeing squareandbeyondthesquarebothexist:timeinchinesebeingforboth i.e.itisgoodtobeinthesquarewhenoneservesasanofficial,butin retirementorexileitwouldbebettertobeoutsidethesquare keytoChinesephilosophy:knowingwhentobeinandoutofthesquare alsoseerightangles VitalBreathSeemonday *IMPORTANTPASSAGES(notedinclass) CarefreeWandering p.75 howdoesoneliveinaccordancewithheaven? universeisatransientplace reducetheself thewaytogetwithheavenistobelikeheaven p.79 sayingthepipesofearth(wind)pipesofhuman(windinstrument)pipesofheaven(propensity ofholesthemselves/doesnothing/simplyexists) somethingpurpotential,reallyimpersonal connectsChuangtzutoLSDtripwherepplnoticebreathingofnaturalthings(ietrees/rocks) p.108(7) wontonmeanschaosorundifferentiatedlump purestateisundifferentiatedstate(lumplikeadumpling) givingitsensoryorganskillsit antipinocchio:assoonasyougiveitformyoudeanimateit reflecttheworldlikeairror.Theerroristhatlifepresensuswithissuesthatprovideuswith alternativesandthuswehavetochooseoneortheother valuestechnique p.122(7) folkbeliefinChina:bugscanemergefromwater keyteachingondeath:deathissimplyoneplaceonendlesstransformation Chuangtzu humanshavesmallplaceinuniverse(harmfulplace)

thinkfromnowhere allthingsinnaturalworldmovespontaneously spontaneousmeansnonpredeterminedorlivinginthemoment thingsflownaturally theresnowhy humansdevelopedpastthistojudge humansrelationshiptoworldshouldbeamirror uncloudedcharacterofamirror approachtotheworldisvaluesorknack p.86(2) cookcuttingupoxen allthingsattheircorehaveanemptiness bybeingemptyoneselfoneisabletomergeintothisspacevalueinfillingemptyspace truthofthingsisthatemptinessatthecore TheTaoteChing thewayandpower importantnote:affectiveresponseandfeelingresponseisntimportanttheoppositeisimportant feelingandreasonarearbitraryimpositionsonaneverchanginguniverse allthingsareemptyatthecorebybeingempty,oneisabletoinhabitthecoreemptyspace. NOTANEMOTIONALIMPULSE! Chuangtzu sensesarethedistinguishingorgans themodelofbeingintheworldisablob:formlessblob thefundamentaldistinctionbetweenIandnotIisproblematic Chap2 JCGrahamtranslatesTheSortingWhichEvensThingsOut equalizingthings fundamentaldistinctionbetweenIandnotI producesaself p.79(3) p.81(6) argumentoflogicians conceptfingerisnotanactualfinger p.80(endof5) lucidity:immediateresponse pivot:allowsresponsetotransformations

p.85(14) mostfamouspassage:butterflypassage thepoint:youdontchoosebetweenselfandnonself occupythespacewherethedreamanddreamermeet puretransformationnosubstanceandnoreality Checkout(notreadinclass) p.89fastingofthemind p.97(6)aretheremenwithoutemotions p.99truemanofold p.104(9) sitandforget transformednomoreconstance angeriscausedbypresenceoftheselfandwillthusdecreasetheselfandthewill p.118(7) read/rereadandthinkabout happyfishstory youarent,fishhow/where/knowfishbeinghappy?youarentme,howwhereknowInotknow fishbeinghappyIknowitHAOon knowledgeisnotsomethingtranscendent Knowledgeisnotestablishing,knowledgeisreactingtoanimmediatesituationalso,various realitiescanbetrueatthesametime. *anexampleofhowimportantrelativityis. situatedknowledgevs.universalknowledge.