LEGASPI, MARRELNIL D.

BSN 4 BLOCK 3

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency medical procedure for a victim

of cardiac arrest or, in some circumstances, respiratory arrest. CPR is performed in hospitals, or
in the community by laypersons or by emergency response professionals. CPR involves physical
interventions to create artificial circulation through rhythmic pressing on the patient's chest to
manually pump blood through the heart, called chest compressions, and usually also involves the
rescuer exhaling into the patient (or using a device to simulate this) to inflate the lungs and pass
oxygen in to the blood, called artificial respiration.

CPR is unlikely to restart the heart; its main purpose is to maintain a flow of oxygenated
blood to the brain and the heart, thereby delaying tissue death and extending the brief window of
opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage. CPR is generally
continued, usually in the presence of advanced life support (such as from a medical team or
paramedics), until the patient regains a heart beat (called "return of spontaneous circulation" or
"ROSC") or is declared dead.

PROCEDURE FOR CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

1. If the patient is not breathing, make certain there is no airway obstruction. Feel his wrist
for a pulse.
2. Administer CPR
3. Stretch the victim flat on his back on the ground or floor.
4. Kneel at his side and with your fist, strike his breast bone sharply. This may start the
heart beating.
5. If it does not feel the victim’s chest, locate the lower tip of his breastbone.
6. Put one finger of your left hand on the cartilage.
7. Move the heel of the right hand (never use the palm against the finger)
8. Place the left hand a top the right.
9. With a quick firm thrust, push down.
10. Use sufficient force to press the lower one third of the breastbone down 1 ½ inches,
letting your back and body do the work. Lift your weight, repeat the procedure.
11. If you are alone with the victim, stop after each 15 compressions and give him two deep
breathes mouth to mouth, continuing this 15 to 2 rhythm.

until help comes.

12. If someone can assist you, have him kneel at the victim’s head and give mouth to mouth
respiration at the rate of 12 times a minute – one breath for each five compressions of the
heart that you can perform.
13. Continue complete CPR for an hour until the victim revives. Pupils constrict, color
improves, breathing begins and pulse returns.
Enema

An enema is the procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus. The
increasing volume of the liquid causes rapid expansion of the lower intestinal tract resulting in
very uncomfortable bloating, cramping, powerful peristalsis, a feeling of extreme urgency and
complete evacuation of the lower intestinal tract. Enemas can be carried out for medical reasons
(as a treatment for constipation) as a remedy for encopresis, as part of alternative health
therapies, for administering drugs either recreationally (such as amphetamines).

PROCEDURE FOR ENEMA

1. The patient picks a comfortable position to be relaxed, ensuring the enema administrator
has clear access to the anus.
2. Lubricate the anus for easy nozzle insertion. The nurse will massage lubricant inside the
anus and rectum improving the relaxation when the nozzle or rectal tube is inserted.
3. To allow the anus to admit the insertion it is suggested to ask the patient to take a couple
of deep breaths as it passes the sphincter, and/or try massaging your abdomen .
4. Relaxation while the nurse turns on the flow by mentally picturing the reception of the
enema. Good nursing care will stop or slow the flow if the person experiences any
cramping, especially during the first exam as a result of panic to the treatment.
5. If the patient feels the need to evacuate, he/she must ask the nurse to stop the flow. Once
again relaxation is essential during the whole procedure, and the desire should pass
shortly as the colon relaxes and the enema flows deeper into the intestine.
6. It is usual to feel the stomach expanding somewhat and the patient must let it, holding the
enema for a few minutes. The enema achieves its purpose within 5 to 10 minutes after
insertion. At the end, when it is time to evacuate, the patient must proceed to the toilet
and release, but with the tube still in place or removing the nozzle from the anus until
he/she is in position to evacuate before removing the nozzle.
7. After evacuation, the person must take a deep breath and feel the lightness and euphoria
that commonly follows a good enema.