ENP 301 : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

Lecture - 6

Part - II: EIA Methods and Techniques

Session 5: Introduction to EIA Methods
Categories of EIA Methodologies
Checklist Methods

September 15, 2009

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 1
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Phases of EIA
Phase 1: Defining the Goals

Phase 2: Identifying the Potential Impacts Steps for Identification of Impacts ?

Step 1: Base line study for
Environmental Settings
Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of
Analytical Framework
Step 4: Screening
St 5:
Step 5 Scoping
S i

Phase 3: Predicting the Significant Impacts

Phase 4: Evaluation of Impacts

Phase 5: Incorporation of Measures or Alternatives for Impact Minimizations

Phase 6: Reporting

Phase 7: Monitoring and Feedback

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 2
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Present session Steps for Identification of Impacts ?
Step 1: Base line study for
Environmental Settings
Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of
Analytical Framework
„ Methodologies Selection Step 4: Screening
Step 5: Scoping

„ Type of EIA methods

‰ Checklist Methods and its Type

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 3
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Methodologies Selection
„ No universal methodology (project type and setting)

„ Appropriate
pp p for the task ((identification,, comparison,
p , description)
p )

„ Free from assessor’s bias (re-producible)

„ Economical (Data, cost, time, personnel, equipment)

„ Ad-hoc methods

„ Must be used with continuous application of judgment related to

data input, analysis and interpretation

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 4
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Methodologies Selection
Purpose of using methods
1. Pertinent Environmental factors are included in the study (50 to
1000 item)

2. Aid in planning the baseline studies in locations where the

relevant environmental data are lacking

3. Means of synthesis of information and evaluation of alternatives

on common basis.

4. Evaluating the cost effectiveness of mitigative measures

5
5. Summarizing and Communicating the impact information

6. A procedure to ensure the incorporation of the un-quantified

environmental amenities and values
Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 5
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Type of EIA methods
„ Ad-hoc methods: Employing/ assembling the team
of experts to identify the impact in their respective
area of expertise with minimum guidance/aid.

„ Structured methods
„ Checklist
„ Matrices
„ Network Diagrams
„ Overlays
„ Cause Effect Tables

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 6
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
Phase 2: Identifying the Potential Impacts Steps for Identification of Impacts ?
Step 1: Base line study for
Environmental Settings
Step 3: Development of Analytical Framework Step 2: Classification of
Impacts
Step 3: Development of
EIA methodologies: Checklist ? Analytical Framework
Step 4: Screening
Step 5: Scoping

„ Wh t it is?
What i ?

„ Where checklist method is highly useful?

„ What are different type of checklists?

„ Where each of them is useful?

„ How to proceed?

„ What should be it’s content?

„ Can we quantify using the checklist method?

„ How to integrate quantification with Checklist?

7
 What it Checklist?
1. A structured
t t d and
d classified
l ifi d list
li t incorporating
i ti th actions
the ti and
d the
th
impact aspects (parameter/factors).
2. It does not say conclusively about the existence of impact (likely
impact)
3. Purpose to prepare a framework (inclusive) so that the any of the likely
important impact/factor is not missing in consideration

4. Type of checklists
‰ Simple checklist
‰ Modified Checklist
ƒ It may also be modified to incorporate the scale-rating
(numerical scores/letter assign/linear proportionate) and
weighting
‰ Comprehensive Questionnaire checklist

‰ Health impact focused (USAID, WHO, WB)

‰ Descriptive checklist

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 8
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Simple checklists

„ Only list of environmental factors needs to be

considered

„ No further information on specific level, data required,

method or measurement method
method, impact
prediction/assessment

„ Systemization and summarization of thought (USDA)

„ It may include
i l d ththe mitigation
iti ti iinformation,
f ti
additional/supportive information (ADB guidelines)

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 9
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
Type of Checklist Methods

1. Simple Checklist

• Provide list of likely

impacts

• List is categorized by
environmental or social
components

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 10
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Summarization

Relevant question

Will the project ?

Will the project result in?

Answers :

• Yes
• May be
• N
No
• Can not comment

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 11
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Types of Checklist Methods
M difi d Ch
Modified Checklists
kli t
„ It incorporate small matrices in itself

„ Project/Activity might effect

„ Yes or No

„ If Yes, then
‰ Try to identify the feature effected and upto what extent
‰ Feature-wise answer of impact nature (matrix)
‰ Direct, Indirect
‰ Synergetic/ Mutually exclusive
‰ Short or long term
‰ Reversible or irreversible
‰ Sever/ moderate/Insignificant

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 12
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Type of Checklist Methods
Comprehensive
p Q
Questionnaire checklist
(Health)
Direct impact
p on People
p of Project
j Area

„ Will Something/ somebody

„ New comes/settles
N / ttl ini area?
?
„ relocated?
„ Exposed?
„ overburden?
„ Aggravate?
„ pathways contaminated?
„ change happen?
„ pollution threat?
„ developmental
p impact?
p
„ new activities?

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 13
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Type of Checklist Methods
Comprehensive Questionnaire checklist
with Health focus

Indirect Impacts

‰ Will any change result any of above impact?

Direct Impact on Workers

‰ Will exposed? (new environment, change immunity, living and working

condition)

Impact on Health Services

‰ Will Health service be overburdened?

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 14
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Type of Checklist Methods
Descriptive Checklist
„ Describe the each factor and its status (potential
environmental impact)
p ) in Area

„ Covers all aspects Socio-economic, environmental

(physical/Biological), health

„ Information on each factor contain:

„ Definition
„ Measurement
„ Prediction of Impact
„ Functional Curves for data interpretation

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 15
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9
 Reading for next session
Chapter 4 and 5 of Canter

Thanks you
y

Course Instructor:
Er. Ashwani Kumar,
Asstt. Prof. 16
Faculty of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad - 9