Sharon Ly Chapter #28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Progressives grew out of the Populist or People!s" Party and sought to correct in#ustices. $. Progressives and %muc&ra&er' writers attac&ed city corruption( corporate greed( poor living and wor&ing conditions( alcohol( and women!s right to vote. )ach of these ills saw laws and*or +mendments passed to attempt to better the condition. ,. Teddy Roosevelt made a name for himself as a %trust-buster'. That is( he bro&e up a few high-profile companies that he said were monopolies or trusts". Busting trusts and thus creating competition was to benefit the average person. .. /e also obtained huge tracts of land( usually out 0est( for par&s and conservation. 1. Roosevelt pic&ed Taft to follow him( but Taft began to stray from Roosevelt!s ways and the two split. Chapter# 28: 2dentifications Jacob Riis A reporter for the New York Sun; wrote How the Other Ha f !i"es; trie# to brin$ attention to the poor an# to #o so%ethin$ about it& 2da Tarbell A %uckraker; pub ishe# a stor' about the Stan#ar# Oi Co%pan' Robert 3. La4ollete (o"ernor of )isconsin; his i#ea was to %o#e for state pro$ressi"e %o"e%ents; was #enie# the no%ination of the Repub icans 5harles )vans /ughes A refor%in$ Repub ican $o"ernor; $aine# fa%e as an in"esti$ator of %a practices b' $as an# insurance co%panies; ran a$ainst )i son in the *+*,& 6pton Sinclair Author of -he Jun$ e; wante# to brin$ to attention the con#itions of cannin$ factor' workers 2nitiative -he process of the peop e petitionin$ a e$is ature to intro#uce a bi ; inten# to %ake peop e %ore responsib e for their aws& Referendum )hen citi.ens "ote on aws instea# of the state or nationa $o"ern%ents; ori$inate# as a popu ist refor% in the /opu ist /art Recall -he peop e cou # possib ' re%o"e an inco%petent po itician fro% office b' ha"in$ a secon# e ection 3uc&ra&ers a nickna%e $i"en to 'oun$ reporters of popu ar %a$a.ines7these in"esti$ati"e

Sharon Ly 0ourna ists were tr'in$ to %ake the pub ic aware of prob e%s that nee#e# fi1in$ )l&ins +ct passe# b' Con$ress a$ainst the rai roa# in#ustries; tar$ete# the use of rebates /epburn +ct Si$ne# b' -e##' Roose"e t to $i"e the 2CC the ri$ht to set rates that wou # be reasonab e; prohibite# free passes an# rebates 8orthern Securities 5ase -his co%pan' was force# to #isso "e after the' were cha en$e# b' Roose"e t 3eat 2nspection +ct State# that the preparation of %eat shippe# o"er state ines wou # be sub0ect to fe#era inspection& Pure 4ood and 9rug +ct Create# in *+3,; #esi$ne# to pre"ent the a#u teration an# %is abe in$ of foo#s 8ewlands +ct )ashin$ton was to co ect %one' fro% sa es of pub ic an#s in western states an# use the fun#s for #e"e op%ent 9ollar diplomacy rep ace# 4bu ets with #o ars;5 use# in"estors instea# of %i itar'; A%erican in"estors wou # $et poorer nations into #ebt& Payne-+ldrich +ct Suppose# to ower tariffs; sp it the Repub ican part' into pro$ressi"es an# conser"ati"es& Ballinger-Pinchot +ffair Opene# pub ic an#s in )'o%in$6 7ontana6 an# A aska; #i"i#e# the repub ican part' Chapter #28: (ui#e# Rea#in$ 8uestions Progressive Roots :now; Progressives( Laisse<-faire( /enry 9emarest Lloyd( =acob Riis( Theodore 9reiser( =ane +ddams( Lillian 0eld 1. 0hat were the goals of the Progressives> -he' fou$ht a$ainst %onopo ies6 corruption6 inefficienc' an# socia in0ustice& -he' wante# to use the $o"ern%ent as an a$enc' of hu%an we fare& -he' wante# to e1pose a the ba# an# fi1 it& Ra&ing 3uc& with the 3uc&ra&ers

Sharon Ly :now; McClure's( Lincoln Steffens( 2da 3. Tarbell( Thomas 0. Lawson( 9avid ?. Phillips( Ray Stannard Ba&er( =ohn Spargo $. 0hat issues were addressed by the ma#or muc&ra&ers> -he' each unco"ere# a the ba# in the $o"ern%ent& -he' sprea# it with #ifferent t'pes of accessib e %e#ia& -he %ain focus for the% was %an' corruptions& Political Progressivism :now; 9irect Primary )lections( 2nitiative( Referendum( Recall( +ustralian Ballot( 3illionaires@ 5lub( Seventeenth +mendment( Suffragists ,. 9efine each of the ma#or political reforms that progressives desired. 2nitiati"e was so that "oters cou # #irect ' propose e$is ation& Referen#u% was to a ow peop e to "ote on aws that affect the%& Reca is to re%o"e ba# officia s fro% office& Progressivism in the 5ities and States :now; Robert 3. La 4ollette( The 0isconsin 2dea( /iram 0. =ohnson( 5harles )vans /ughes .. 0hat changes did progressives ma&e at the city and state level> -he' %a#e chan$es to %ana$e urban affairs& -he' wante# to take po itics out of %unicipa a#%inistration& -he' wante# to take contro awa' fro% trusts an# $i"e the power to the peop e& Progressive 0omen :now; Triangle Shirtwaist 5ompany( Muller v. Oregon, Lochner v. New York( 0oman@s 5hristian Temperance 6nion( 4rances ). 0illard( A0etA and A9ryA 1. /ow successful were Progressives in combating social ills> -he' fou$ht a$ainst chi # abor an# wante# protection for wo%en& -he' a so went a$ainst a coho & -he' %ana$e# to prohibit the sa e an# #rinkin$ of a coho & TR@s SBuare 9eal for Labor :now; SBuare 9eal( 9epartment of 5ommerce and Labor C. 0hat were the three 5@s of the SBuare 9eal> Contro of the corporations6 consu%er protection6 an# the conser"ation of the 9nite# States: natura resources& TR 5orrals the 5orporations :now; )l&ins +ct( /epburn +ct( Trustbusting( 8orthern Securities 5ompany D. +ssess the following statement( ATeddy Roosevelt@s reputation as a trustbuster is undeserved.A -e##' Roose"e t was known to ha"e taken out %an' trusts& -aft too out %ore trusts than -R #urin$ his presi#enc'& 2t is basica ' sa'in$ that -R isn:t the rea trustbuster& 5aring for the 5onsumer :now; The Jungle( 3eat 2nspection +ct E. 0hat was the effect of 6pton Sinclair@s boo&( The Jungle>

Sharon Ly 2t was to $i"e peop e insi$ht on what was $oin$ on in %eat packin$ factories& 2t he pe# to enforce chan$es& )arth 5ontrol :now; 4orest Reserve +ct( ?ifford Pinchot( 8ewlands +ct( 5onservation( 5all of the 0ild( Boy Scouts( Sierra 5lub F. 0hat factors led +mericans to ta&e an active interest in conservation> 7an' an#s were reser"e# an# nationa parks were create# b' -R& -he first act that %a#e peop e rea i.e that the' were wastin$ their natura resources he pe#& The ARoosevelt PanicA of 1FGD 1G. 0hat were the results of the Roosevelt Panic of 1FGD> Conser"ati"e bran#e# -R as a #an$erous ratt esnake& )hich e# to hi% not runnin$ for /resi#ent in *+38& The Rough Rider Thunders Hut :now; 0illiam /oward Taft( )ugene I. 9ebs 11. 0hat was the legacy of Teddy Roosevelt@s presidency> His e$ac' was that he estab ishe# prece#ents an# he pe# ensure new trusts& He was a $reat conser"ationist& Taft; + Round Peg in a SBuare /ole 1$. A0illiam /oward Taft was less suited for the presidency than he appeared to be.A )Jplain He was to be -R:s successor but he #i#n:t fit the 0ob& A thou$h he ooke# the part h cou #n:t act the part& He wasn:t as ibera as -R& The 9ollar ?oes +broad as a 9iplomat :now; 9ollar 9iplomacy 1,. 0hat was dollar diplomacy and how was it practiced> )a Street bankers were to s uice their surp us #o ars into forei$n areas of strate$ic concern to the 9&S& -his $a"e the 9S econo%ic contro o"er certain areas& Taft the Trustbuster :now; Rule of Reason 1.. 0ho deserves the nic&name ATrustbuster(A Roosevelt or Taft> -aft #eser"es the nickna%e trustbuster& 2n his presi#enc'6 -aft $ot ri# of %ore trusts that -R& Taft Splits the Republican Party :now; Payne-+ldrich Tariff( Richard Ballinger( ?ifford Pinchot( =oe 5annon 11. 0hy did the Progressive wing of the Republican Party turn against Taft> -he' went a$ainst hi% because he went a$ainst what the' be ie"e# in& -aft passe# a bi that #i# the opposite of what was p anne#& No one a$ree# with the #ecision& The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture

Sharon Ly 1C. /ow did the Republican Party split at the party@s 1F1$ convention> -R beca%e a can#i#ate for the /ro$ressi"e part'& -aft #i#n:t want to ha"e a thir# ter%& -he e ection wou # be -R "s& -aft& Chapter #2+: 0ilsonian Progressivism +broad Big Picture Themes 1. 0ilson won the presidency mainly because Teddy Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate and split the Republican vote with Taft. $. 0ilson was an idealist and progressive who sought to clean up problems. /e attac&ed the tariff as too high( ban&s as corrupt by the rich( and trusts as mil&ing the people. ,. 0ilson hated war and wanted +merican foreign policy to be fair and #ust to all. 5onditions in Latin +merica( however( forced this peaceful president to ta&e military action. 8otably( he ordered the 6S +rmy to chase Pancho Iilla in 3eJico. .. 2n )urope( war had begun. 2n the +tlantic ocean( ?erman subs began to sin& sin&s carrying +mericans( notably the Lusitania. 0ilson tried to &eep +merica out of the war( and did( for the time being. Chapter #2+: 2dentifications ;u$ene <ebs Represente# the Socia ist part'; $ot a hi$h nu%ber of "otes Pancho Iilla A co%bination of a ban#it an# a 7e1ican Robin Hoo#; ri"a of Carran.a =ohn =. Pershing !e# troops a$ainst /ancho =i a; took on the (er%ans at the 7euse>Ar$onner 5entral Powers Oppose# the A ies; inc u#e# (er%an'6 Austro>Hun$ar'6 ?u $aria6 an# -urke' +llies @rance6 ?ritain6 an# Russia; ater Japan an# 2ta '; fou$ht the Centra /owers in ))2& Lusitania ?ritish passen$er ship that was sunk b' a (er%an 9>?oat; unrestricte# sub%arine warfare SusseJ Pledge (er%an' a$ree# to not sink an' unar%e# passen$er ships without warnin$; na%e# after the ship that the (er%ans sank& 4ederal Reserve +ct Create# a re$u ator' a$enc' for bankin$; each bank was in#epen#ent 8ew 8ationalism /ro$ressi"e part' p atfor%; fa"ore# a %ore acti"e $o"ern%ent ro e in econo%ic an# socia affairs&

Sharon Ly

8ew 4reedom @a"ore# s%a businesses6 entrepreneurship6 an# the free functionin$ of unre$u ate# an# un>%onopo i.e# %arkets& 6nderwood Tariff Re#uce# i%port fees; ost ta1 re"enue wou # be rep ace# with an inco%e ta1 4ederal Trade 5ommission Co%%ittee for%e# to in"esti$ate in#ustries en$a$in$ in interstate co%%erce& 5layton +ntitrust +ct He pe# to contro %onopo ies; e1e%pte# abor an# a$ricu tura or$ani.ations Chapter #2+ 2dentifications The ABull 3ooseA 5ampaign of 1F1$ :now; Bull 3oose( 8ew 8ationalism( 8ew 4reedom 1. )Jplain the difference between Roosevelt@s form of progressivism and 0ilson@s. )i son #i#n:t want to be contro e# b' the bosses an# attacke# trusts an# passe# ibera %easures& Roose"e t has the ?u 7oose i#ea& Roose"e t wante# to contro a the ba# thin$s in the $o"ern%ent& 0oodrow 0ilson; + 3inority President $. AThe K1F1$L election results are fascinating.A )Jplain. -he e ection resu ts wou # ha"e co%e out #ifferent ' if the Repub icans #i#n:t sp it& )i son $ot ABC e ectora "otes6 -R $ot 88 an# -aft $ot 8& Howe"er6 the <e%ocrats #i#n:t $et the %a0orit' popu ar "ote& 0ilson; The 2dealist in Politics ,. /ow did 0ilson@s personality and past affect the way he conducted himself as president> He was a carin$ an# s'%pathetic %an for the peop e in the South& He was a so co #6 austere an# ha# a ow to erance for stupi#it'& )hen he be ie"e# that he was ri$ht6 he wou # #o whate"er it took to pro"e hi%se f& 0ilson Tac&les the Tariff :now; 6nderwood Tariff .. 0hat were the three parts of the Atriple wall of privilege>A -he tariff6 banks an# trusts were the three parts of the trip e wa of pri"i e$e& He re#uce# i%port fees an# %a#e an inco%e ta1& 0ilson Battles the Ban&ers :now; The 4ederal Reserve +ct 1. /ow was the 4ederal Reserve System different than the ban&ing system that eJisted in the 6.S. in 1F1,>

Sharon Ly 2t o"ersaw a nationwi#e s'ste% of twe "e re$iona reser"e #istricts& ;ach bank was centra an# cou # issue paper %one'& 2t was un ike the o # one where a banks were contro e#& The President Tames the Trusts :now; 4ederal Trade 5ommission +ct( 5layton +nti-Trust +ct C. /ow did 0ilson curb the trusts> -he @e#era -ra#e Co%%ission Act in"esti$ate# acti"ities of the trusts an# stoppe# the%& -he C a'ton Anti>-rust Act %a#e the Sher%an Anti>-rust Act stron$er& 2t e$a i.e# strikes an# peacefu picketin$ b' abor union %e%bers& 0ilsonian Progressivism at /igh Tide :now; The 4ederal 4arm Loan +ct( 0arehouse +ct( La 4ollette Seamen@s +ct( 0or&ingmen@s 5ompensation +ct( +damson +ct( Louis 9. Brandeis D. 9escribe some of the positive and negative outcomes of 0ilson!s progressive legislation and actions. His e$is ation an# actions $a"e %an' peop e %ore benefits than the' ori$ina ' ha#& 7an' refor%s were in fa"or of the peop e& A thou$h he use# his power to he p he %ain ' use# it for pro$ressi"e support& 8ew 9irections in 4oreign Policy :now; /aiti E. 5ontrast 0ilson@s ideas of foreign policy with those of Roosevelt and Taft. )i son #i#n:t care for a forei$n po ic' ike Roose"e t an# -aft& He create# the Jones act which $a"e an# to the /hi ippines an# $a"e the% in#epen#ence& )hen #isor#er broke out in Haiti he sent he p& 3oralistic 9iplomacy in 3eJico :now; Iictoriano /uerta( Ienustiano 5arran<a( 4rancisco APanchoA" Iilla( +B5 Powers( =ohn =. ABlac& =ac&A" Pershing F. 0hy did 3eJico give such trouble to the 0ilson administration> )i son wou #n:t reco$ni.e Huerta:s $a%e& He sent %unitions to Huerta:s ri"a s& )i son chose to i$nore Huerta instea# of $i"in$ hi% the attention he wante#& Thunder +cross the Sea :now; 5entral Powers( +llied Powers 1G. 0hat caused )urope to plunge into 002 in 1F1.> -he #o%ino>effect between the a ie# powers is what cause# the% to 0oin the war& )hen ;urope:s a ies were threatene# the' were force# to 0oin the war as we & + Precarious 8eutrality :now; :aiser 0ilhelm 22 11. 0hat caused an officially neutral +merica to turn against the 5entral Powers> )hen the Centra /owers aske# for he p6 A%erica refuse#& -his cause# the Centra /owers to $o a$ainst each other& +merica )arns Blood 3oney

Sharon Ly :now; Submarine( Lusitania( +rabic( SusseJ 1$. /ow did ?ermany@s use of submarines lead to tense relations with the 6.S.> (er%an' sunk ships without warnin$& -he' ships that were sunk ki e# %an' peop e& A%erica wante# to $o to war with the (er%ans but )i son refuse#& 0ilson 0ins Reelection in 1F1C :now; 5harles )vans /ughes( A/e :ept 6s Hut of 0arA 1,. 0hat were the &eys to 0ilson@s electoral victory in 1F1C> )i son was a$ainst Hu$hes an# use# the fact the he kept A%erica out of war as a s o$an& -he' both ha# #ifferent "iews& )i son wou # win 2DD to 2CA& Iarying Iiewpoints; 0ho 0ere the Progressives> :now; Richard /ofstadter( 8ew Left /istorians 1.. 0hich answer to the Buestion above seems correct to you> 0hy> -he one that a##resse# what /ro$ressi"es rea ' were& -he' wante# socia %o"e%ent an# $rew po itica %o"e%ents& -he' wante# to %ake chan$es&