PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions

!"#$ & '()*+,(-.

Note that theie aie seveial vaiiations of some pioblems, inuicateu by choices in
paientheses.

"#$%&'( )

Let vectoi

!
a = 4

i + 3

j anu vectoi

!
b = !

i + 2

j (oi

!
b = !

i + 4

j ). What is the
opening angle between vectois

!
a anu

!
b .

(1) 8u (2) u.2 (S) 67 (4) 1u (S) u

The opening angle can be ueteimineu fiom:


cos! =
!
a"
!
b
a b
=
(#4 + 6)
16 + 9 1+ 4
or =
(#4 +12)
16 + 9 1+16


Yieluing 8u (oi 67 )


"#$%&'( *

vectois

!
a anu

!
b aie shown in giaphical foim in the figuie.
What is the magnituue |

!
a -

!
b | in the same units as useu in
the giaph.


(1) 2V2 (2) 2 (S) V2 (4) 4V2 (S) 2V1u


!
a !
!
b = 3

i +

j
( )
!

i + 3

j
( )
= 2

i ! 2

j
!
a !
!
b = 2
2
+ 2
2
= 2 2



PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions
"#$%&'( +

Foui vectois aie expiesseu in teims of a magnituue anu an angle measuieu
countei-clockwise fiom the x-axis:

A: 6.u m at u
B: S.u m at 6u
C: 9.u m at 1SS
B: 6.u m at 24u

What is the x-component (oi y-component) of the sum of these foui vectois.

(1) S.8m (2) -1.9m (S) 16.9m (4) 6.2m (S) -9.um

Sepaiately compute the x anu y components of each vectoi:



A
x
= 6cos0 = 6
B
x
= 3cos60
!
=1.5
C
x
= 9cos135
!
= !6.36
D
x
= 6cos240
!
= !3
Sum = !1.86



A
y
= 6sin0 = 0
B
y
= 3sin60
!
= 2.6
C
y
= 9sin135
!
= 6.36
D
y
= 6sin240
!
= !5.2
Sum = 3.76



"#$%&'( ,

Antaictica is ioughly semiciiculai, with a iauius of 2uuu km. In a paiticulai yeai the
new snow that falls on the continent has an aveiage thickness of T = S.u cm (oi
1ucm, oi 1Scm) (see figuie). Bow many cubic meteis of snow fell in that yeai.


(1) S.1 x 1u
11
(2) 6.S x 1u
11
(S) 9.4 x 1u
11
(4) S.1 x 1u
12
(S) 6.S x 1u
12


PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions
The volume will be T times the semiciiculai aiea (the aiea encloseu by a
ciicle uiviueu by 2). Since the question asks foi the volume in meteis, the
thickness given in centimeteis anu the iauius given in kilometeis shoulu
both be conveiteu to meteis befoie they aie useu in this expiession:

V =
1
2
!R
2
T =
!
2
2 "10
6
m
( )
2
0.05m ( ) = 3.1"10
11
m
3



"#$%&'( -

A cai, initially at iest, tiavels 4u m in time t = 4 s (oi S s, oi 6 s) along a stiaight line
with constant acceleiation. The acceleiation of the cai is:

(1) S.u ms
2
(2) S.2 ms
2
(S) 2.2 ms
2
(4) 1.1 ms
2
(S) 6.1 ms
2


0se the kinematic equation:

x = x
o
+ v
o
t +
1
2
at
2
. Placing the cai at the oiigin of
the x axis at t = u (when it staits acceleiating) makes xo = u anu since it staits
fiom iest, vo = u. Solving what's left foi the acceleiation gives:
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
1
2
2 80
5, 3.2, 2.2
4 ,5 ,6
=
! = = =
m
s
x at
x
a
t


"#$%&'( .

Two automobiles aie a uistance u = 2uu km apait (oi 2Sukm, oi Suu km) anu
tiaveling towaiu each othei with one going at 6u kmh anu the othei at 4u kmh. In
how much time (in h) uo they meet.

(1) 2.u (2) 2.S (S) S.u (4) S.S (S) 4.u

0se the kinematic equation:

x = x
o
+ v
o
t +
1
2
at
2
foi each cai. Since neithei cai
acceleiates the acceleiation teim vanishes. Bave one cai (speeu P) cioss the
oiigin going in the positive x uiiection at t =u. Foi that cai the kinematic
equation becomes:

x
P
= 0 + Pt . At that instant the seconu cai ciosses a point
at x = u km going in the -x uiiection with velocity -Q. Foi that cai

x
Q
= d ! Qt .
To finu the time when they meet we equate xP anu xQ: yieluing foi the time
when the two cais meet:

t = d / (P + Q) . Beie P Q 100km/ h + = so
200, 250 or 300 km
t 2, 2.5 or 3 h
100km/ h
= =

PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions



"#$%&'( /

A cai acceleiates fiom iest on a stiaight ioau. A shoit time latei, the cai ueceleiates
to a stop anu then ietuins to its oiiginal position in a similai mannei, by speeuing
up anu then slowing to a stop. Which of the following five cooiuinate veisus time
giaphs best uesciibes the motion.



The cai goes out anu comes back to the same position. So the giaph shoulu
not have both x > u anu x < u. That iules out the last S options above (S-S).

Since the cai acceleiates anu ueceleiates, the velocity, uxut, is not constant
ovei the entiie tiip. That iules out (2), leaving just (1).


"#$%&'( 0

0ne object is shot veitically upwaius with an initial velocity of 1uu ms. Anothei
object is shot veitically upwaius with a velocity of 1u ms. The fiist object climbs to
a maximum height that is Q times the maximum height of the seconu object. Q is:

(1) 1uu (2) 1u (S) SS.S (4) S.S (S) 1uuu

0se

v
2
= v
o
2
+ 2a(y ! y
o
) with y = u at launch (yo = u), a = -g then y = ymax at the
top of the tiajectoiy wheie v = u. Then

0 = v
o
2
! 2g(y
max
! 0) , which can be
solveu to give

y
max
=
v
o
2
2g
. We have two cases with uiffeient initial velocities.
Foi case 1,

y
max1
=
v
o1
2
2g
foi case 2,

y
max2
=
v
o2
2
2g
. Biviuing the fiist equation by
the seconu gives

y
max1
y
max2
=
v
o1
2
2g
v
o2
2
2g
=
v
o1
2
v
o2
2
. So

y
max1
=
v
o1
2
v
o2
2
y
max2

PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions
Bence the height of the fiist will be

Q=
v
o1
2
v
o2
2
=
v
o1
v
o2
!
"
#
$
%
&
2
times the height of the 2
nu
.
Since the speeu with which the 1st was thiown was 1uu ms anu the speeu of the
2
nu
was 1u ms ,

Q=
100
10
!
"
#
$
%
&
2
=100.

"#$%&'( 1

A ball is thiown hoiizontally fiom the top of a cliff fiom a height h=2S.u m (oi S2 m,
41 m) above the level plain below. It stiikes the plain at an angle of 6u with iespect
to the hoiizontal. With what speeu (in ms) was the ball thiown.

(1) 12.S (2) 14.S (S) 16.4 (4) 1u.1 (S) 7.9

Since the ball is thiown hoiizontally its initial velocity along the y uiiection, voy=u.
0sing
2 2
y oy o
v v 2a(y y ) = + ! with a=-g, y = u (at the giounu) anu yo = 2S , S2 oi 41 m
yielus the magnituue of the y component of the velocity when the ball hits the
giounu giving:
m
y s
v 21.23, 25.04 or 28.35 = . Knowing vy at the giounu anu the angle
with which it stiikes ueteimines vx since,
m
y y
s m
x s o
x
v v
21.23, 25.04 or 28.35
tan v 12.3, 14.5 or 16.4
v tan tan60
! = " = = =
!

Since theie is no acceleiation along the x uiiection this is vx eveiywheie incluuing at
the thiow.


"#$%&'( )2

A plane tiaveling noith at 2uu ms tuins anu then tiavels south at Suu ms (oi 4uu
ms, Suu ms). The change in its velocity is:

(1) Suu ms south (2) 6uu ms south (S) 7uu ms south (4) 1uu ms south
(S) Suu ms noith

!v = v
f
" v
i
= 300 m/s " "200 m/s ( ) = 500 m/s south (or 600m/s, 700 m/s south)


"#$%&'( ))

Two objects aie tiaveling aiounu uiffeient ciiculai oibits, each with a constant
speeu. They both have the same acceleiation but object A is tiaveling twice as fast
as object B. The iauius foi object A's oibit is how many times that of the iauius foi
object B's.
PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions

(1) 4 (2) 2 (S) 1 (4) V (S)

Centiipetal acceleiation is given by:

a
C
=
v
2
r
=
v
A
2
r
A
=
v
B
2
r
B
=
2v
B
( )
2
r
A
!r
A
= 4r
B



"#$%&'( )*

A feiiy boat is sailing at 12 kmh Su W of N with iespect to a wiue iivei that is
flowing at 6.u kmh E. As obseiveu fiom the shoie, the feiiy boat is sailing:

(1) uue N (2) Su W of N (S) 4S E of N (4) Su E of N (S) none of these

Supeiimpose an x-y cooiuinate system on the flowing iivei that makes the +x
uiiection East anu +y Noith. Then the feiiy boat's velocity w.i.t. the iivei iesolves
along the x uiiection as
o
km km
BRx h h
v 12 cos(120 ) 6 = = ! . But the iivei is flowing w.i.t.
to the shoie at
km
RSx h
v 6 = . The x component of the feiiy boat's velocity w.i.t. the
shoie is
km km
BSx BRx RSx h h
v v v 6 6 0 = + = ! + = . With a zeio x component w.i.t. the shoie
the boat is heauing entiiely along +y anu thus uue Noith.

"#$%&'( )+

Foi a gaiuen installation a seiies of flat stones aie being stackeu one atop the othei.
The fiist in contact with the giounu weighs Su N, the seconu 1uu N, the thiiu 1Su N,
anu the fouith 2uu N. The net foice acting on the seconu stone (in N) is

(1) zeio (2) 1uu (S) 1Su (4) SSu (S) 4Su

Since the stones aie not moving, the net foice must be zeio!

"#$%&'( ),

Two blocks of uiffeient masses N anu m, labeleu as such in the figuie, lie on a
fiictionless suiface anu aie acceleiateu by the foice labeleu F which pushes on block
N. The foice acting on mass m is:


PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions

(1) mF(m+N) (2) mFN (S) mF(m-N) (4) NF(N+m) (S) NFm

The acceleiation of the combineu system is:
a =
F
m+ M


Theiefoie the foice on mass m is given by:
F
m
= ma =
mF
m+ M



"#$%&'( )-

A 12uu kg elevatoi acceleiates upwaius at S.uu ms
2
(oi 2.Su, 2.uu ms
2
). The
tension in the cable lifting the elevatoi (in N) has value closest to:

(1) 1S,4uu (2) 14,8uu (S) 14,2uu (4) 1S,8uu (S) 1S,2uu

The net foice acting on the elevatoi is:

F
net
= T ! Mg = Ma
"T = M a + g ( )



"#$%&'( ).

A block of mass N=S.u kg iesting on a fiictionless table is connecteu via a massless
stiing, acioss a massless, fiictionless pulley, to a hanging block of mass m=S.2 kg (oi
4.2 kg, S.2 kg). The system is let go to acceleiate unuei Eaith's giavity. The
magnituue of that acceleiation (in ms
2
) is


(1) S.8 (2) 4.S (S) S.u (4) S.2 (S) 6.1

Let's uenote the acceleiation of mass ! to the iight as ", anu the acceleiation
of the mass m uownwaiu as the same ". We theiefoie have:

T = Ma foi the fiist mass, anu
mg !T = ma foi the hanging mass.
PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions

Solving gives:
mg ! Ma = ma
a =
mg
m+ M



"#$%&'( )/

The speeu of a u.42-kg hockey puck, sliuing acioss a level ice suiface, uecieases at
the iate of u.61 ms
2
(oi u.72 ms
2
, u.8S ms
2
). The coefficient of kinetic fiiction
between the puck anu ice is:

(1) u.u62 (2) u.u74 (S) u.u8S (4) u.u91 (S) u.uS1


f =
k
N =
k
mg = ma
!
k
=
a
g



"#$%&'( )0

A block of unknown mass m is helu on an incline foi which =4u. The coefficient of
kinetic fiiction k =u.1u (oi u.2u, u.Su) between the block anu the incline. When the
block is let go its acceleiation uown the incline (in ms
2
) is:


(1) S.S (2) 4.8 (S) 4.u (4) S.S (S) mass of block neeueu to answei

The foice of giavity iesolveu along uiiection || to the incline is mgsin! uown the
incline. Newton's 2
nu
law foi the uiiection || to the incline then gives
k
mgsin f ma !" = wheie fk is the foice of kinetic fiiction acting to oppose the
motion. The foice of kinetic fiiction is
k k
f N = with the noimal foice N mgcos = !.
So
k
mgsin mgcos ma !" ! = ieaiianging:
2 2
o o
m m
k
s s
a g(sin cos ) (9.8 )[sin40 (0.1, 0.2 or 0.3)cos40 ] 5.5, 4.8 or 4.0 = !" ! = " =



PBY 2u48 Spiing 2u14 - Acosta, Rinzlei Exam 1 solutions
"#$%&'( )1

While uiiving at constant speeu aiounu a tiaffic ciicle with a iauius of 4u m you
notice that the aii fieshenei uangling fiom the ieai view miiioi is hanging at a
steauy angle of 2u (oi 1S, 1u) with iespect to the veitical. The speeu of the cai in
ms is:

(1) 11.9 (2) 1u.2 (S) 8.S (4) 6.8 (S) S.1

The tangent of the angle is given by the iatio of the hoiizontal centiipetal
acceleiation to the veitical giavitational acceleiation:

tan! =
v
2
/ r
g
" v = rgtan!



"#$%&'( *2

A ciate of mass N = 4u kg is to be uiaggeu acioss a flooi by a iope pulleu by a foice F
= 12u N (oi 1Su N, 18u N) acting at an angle of 2S fiom the hoiizontal. The
coefficient of kinetic fiiction k = u.2S between the ciate anu flooi. The ciate's
acceleiation (in ms
2
) is:





(1) u.76 (2) 1.S (S) 2.S (4) S.u (S) S.7



Ma = Fcos! " f = Fcos! "
k
Mg " Fsin! ( )
a =
F
M
cos! "
k
g "
F
M
sin!
#
$
%
&
'
(


i.e. Bon't foiget that the foice F also ieuuces the noimal foice!