STRATEGY AP2B TO REDUCE

LOAD SHEDDING IN DEFICIT

CONDITION CASE : SOUTH SULAWESI
INTERCONNECTION
Ricky Cahya Andrian
PLN AP2B Sistem Sulsel, PLN Wilayah Sulsel, Sultra dan Sulbar

Jln. Hertasning Blok B Panakukkang Makassar, Sulsel 90222

arrester97@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT- Load shedding in South Sulawesi
Interconnection caused by insufficient reserves margin
or (N-1) contingency if a large unit Bakaru 63MW out
from the system. To minimize the load shedding, AP2B
as a load dispatching and control system has a several
strategy in order to control using Oil as fuel, controlling
the voltage system with Brown Out to shed the
capacitor or step down tap changer of transformator in
Substation, load curtailment a big consumer Tonasa
and Bosowa Cement and Captive Power 20kV in Hotel,
Mall and the last load sheddingin residence. Keyword :
deficit condition,load curtailment,load shedding, voltage
control
I. INTRODUCTION
PT PLN (Persero) Wilayah Sulsel, Sultra dan Sulbar
was divided into 9 distribution service area, 3
generation unit, Distribution Control Center (DCC)
dan Load Dispatching and Controlling System
(AP2B). South and West Sulawesi was divided into 7
distribution services area : Makassar, Bulukumba,
Parepare, Pinrang, Mamuju, Palopo dan Bone. 2
generation unit : Bakaru area and Tello area, DCC
and also AP2B. In addition in South East Sulawesi
was divided into 2 distribution service area : Kendari
and Baubau also 1 generation unit area Kendari.
The electrical system of South and West Sulawesi
has been interconnected 150kV but in South East
Sulawesi still have isolated 20kV system. The South
Sulawesi has 3 kind of voltage system 30kV, 70kV
and 150kV. We have 28 substation and 2 big
customer Bosowa (30MW) and Tonasa Cement
(40MW).
A. GENERATION SYSTEM
Most of Electrical South and West Sulawesi system
has been interconnected which 4 big plant unit as
main support :
1. Sektor Bakaru, Bakaru Hydro Power Plant
117 MW
2. Sektor Tello, Diesel Power Plant Tello 197
MW
3. Diesel Power Plant Suppa 62.2 MW
4. Combine Cycle Sengkang 135 MW
Several problems for generation system :
1. The capacity trend to go down was caused
by no new plant was built and several unit
have derating capacity. This matters cause
the reliability to the customer being low
comparing with several years before.
2. Hydrology condition (inflow) Bakaru Hydro
Plant down drastically in October 2004, the
same time Diesel Power Plant Suppa has
crisis oil supply because from Pertamina.
This condition make thermal Tello run with
high SFC (Spesific Fuel Consumption).
 3. Thermal tello can’t be operated optimal in 0 0 0 8
peak time because of its aging and has a 20 42.48 838.5 189.1 195.3 65.53 1.331.
03 8.760 99.85 47.17 44.05 1.112 110.94
high force outage number. GE unit as a
0 3 0 5
peaking unit, still have several force outage 20 44.89 861.4 204.1 195.7 73.39 1.379.
problem. 04 7.900 45.70 42.85 52.75 2.742 631.94
0 0 0 2
The problems above has caused load shedding in unt 45.57 870.8 207.9 195.4 76.07 1.395.
South and West Sulawesi in planned and forced il 8.140 15.85 63.10 98.66 0.977 926.73
condition. Our system didn’t have a reserves margin Ma 0 0 5 2
anymore as well as Bakaru Hydro Plant 63MW or r05
15% from peak load 467MW.

A. LOAD SYSTEM With great number for the residences groups, then
using electricity more happened in the night. Industry
Customer in South Sulawesi was dominated by which included in high voltage customer there were
residence.Comparing among groups customer can be 2, Bosowa (30 MW)and Tonasa Cement (40 MW).
derived below : This is why 2 customer here will more influenced
TABLE 1. more to the system condition.

Composition of customer PT PLN (Persero) Wilayah The characteristic load for South Sulawesi System
can be shown below :
Sulsel dan Sultra

NUMBER OF CUSTOMER GROUPS BASED TARIFF

YEAR 2000 UNTIL MARCH 2005

Yea Soci Resid Busi Indus Govern Amou

r al ence ness trial ment nt
200 17.7 1.168. 39.52 1.192 6.210 1.233.
0 56 336 5 019
200 18.3 1.206. 42.59 1.264 6.386 1.275.
1 28 650 7 225
200 18.9 1.233. 44.62 1.287 6.656 1.304.
2 27 050 3 543
200 19.5 1.254. 46.45 1.272 7.173 1.328. Fig 1.Daily Load Curve and big customer
3 00 336 6 737
200 20.1 1.269. 48.36 1.229 7.978 1.347.
4 63 618 8 356
unti 20.3 1.276. 49.13 1.221 8.165 1.355. I. DISCUSSION AND SOLVING
l 44 264 5 129 PROBLEM
Mar

KU
05
A. OPERATION STRATEGY TO
MINIMIZE LOAD SHEDDING
AMOUNT OF CAPACITY (VA) PERGROUPS TARIFF
YEAR 2000 UNTIL MARCH 2005 Facing the critical condition and didn’t have (N-1)
contingency 63MW, will forced AP2B to do several
Ye Socia Resid Busin Indust Gover Amou strategies to minimize load shedding and the effect
ar l ences ess rial nment nt didn’t influenced the society and also still focused to
20 37.58 731.1 150.6 181.9 55.46 1.156.
00 7.360 80.05 07.05 64.95 7.436 806.84
the Oil Quota and cost operation.
0 0 0 6
20
01

20
39.77
4.960

39.48
780.9
19.55
0
812.2
165.0
87.95
0
171.8
185.0
46.48
5
186.3
450
55.83
6.438

60.47
1.226.
665.38
3
1.270.
1. Strategy Ordering Generation Unit

Strategy to order the generation unit in South

02 9.110 97.70 29.65 62.20 6.918 455.57
Sulawesi System can be described :

400
 1. In wet season : Hydro Power Plant as
baseload. The main reason is cheap cost and
the capacity 117MW can be used in
baseload.
2. In dry season : Combine cycle as baseload.
In dry season, capacity of Bakaru Hydro
Power Plant cannot be maximized, so the
other power plant to replace that hydroas
baseload is Combine Cycle Sengkang. With
the capacity 135MW, its cost operation isn’t
expensive as Diesel Power Plant Suppa dan
thermal plant in Tello. So, therefore in the
morning time, we should reserve water
which will be used for peaking time.
3. The operational priority of generation plant
still based on Merrit Order. The lowest cost
generation plant still in the highest top for
operation,until the most expensive cost
operation. The first place is Bakaru Hydro
Power Plant (in normal inflow dan normal
elevation), next Combined Cycle Sengkang,
Diesel Suppa, Diesel Mitsubishi, SWD, GE,
PLTU, Alstom dan Westcan. If the number
of load shedding is high, then the expensive
power plant can be operated but still focused
on kuota Oil from the government.
Total of these strategies are about 33MW in peak
time.
2. Load Curtailment
Load curtailment is done for the biggest consumer in
the system Bosowa and Tonasa Cement industry.
Each of them about 10MW from the normal
condition 40MW Bosowa and 30MW Tonasa. This
matter is not easiest way, we need the compromise
from both of them. The others, load curtailment also
is done to the hotel and industry in Makassar area
(Captive Power) for the 20kV system. This matter
can produce about 18MW on peak time during 17.00
until 23.00. The total load curtailment are about
38MW on peak time.
3. Manual Load Shedding
Manual load shedding is the last strategy for outage
schedule. The number of the outage is calculated
after the above strategy done. And the number of the
outage is delivered into several distribution area with
proporsional number based on peak load of the
distribution area. Load shedding started from outside
substation then inner substation in the city based on
scheduled in order to reduce the physicological effect
to the residences. For VIP feeder will be priority not
to open.

1. Voltage Control Strategy 4. Automatic Load Shedding

To minimize the number of load shedding, then we Automatic Load Shedding will be working if there is
do the Brown Out (BO) to open capasitor in 70kV forced outage on the generation plant off-scheduled
dan 20kV. For the opening capasitor 70kV can (happened insidently) or fault in line transmission.
produce 2 MW per bank of capasitor. The number of The automatic load shedding is working based on
capasitor bank 70kV are 6 banks di Tallo Lama relay UFR. For Sulsel interconnection system, 4 steps
Substation dan Daya Substation therefore total has been used from before only 3 steps.
produce are 12 MW to the system. Then the capasitor
20kV can produce about 1 MW per bank. The
number of capasitor bank 20kV are 6 banks in
Sungguminasa Substation, Pangkep Substation and
Tallo Lama Substation therefore can produce about 6
MW. Total are about 18 MW. Table 2.

The other way for controlling the voltage 20kV is by UFR Relay in Sulsel
stepdown the tap changer of transformer about 10%
from the normal condition from 20kV into 19kV in Priority Frequency Load Cummulative
Step (Hz) Shed (MW)
substation inside the city dan 21kV into 20kV outside
(MW)
city. This strategy can produce about 8 MW in the off Step I 48.9 19.41 0
peak and 15MW on peak time to the system. Step II 48.7 27.38 46.79
Step III 48.5 78.97 125.76
Step IV 48.3 30 155.76
 controlling, load curtailment, manual load
shedding and automatic load shedding.
I. CONCLUSIONS

1. The outage in Sulsel System is caused by supply REFERENCES

generation below than demands therefore we need [1] PEMBANGKITAN TENAGA LISTRIK, DJITENG
new generation plant so that reserves margin will MARSUDI
have 15% or 1 biggest unit 63MW.
[2] RENCANA OPERASI SISTEM SULSEL
2. There are 5 strategy to minimize the outage or
load shedding : generation plant strategy, voltage