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BIOM2020 24 September 2013

The Vascular System

Carl N. Stephan, PhD
c.stephan@uq.edu.au 427 Otto Hirschfeld (B81) Consultation Times: Mon 1-2pm; Thurs 2-3pm Fri 4-5pm

Vascular Loops
Systemic
Starts @ aortic value. Ends @ entrance to right atrium. Includes coronary arteries.

Pulmonary
Starts @ pulmonary trunk. Ends @ entrance to left atrium.

Lymphatics mirrors veins Dont forget - blood vessels also need their own blood supply!
Image from: Marieb & Hoehn (2008) Anatomy & Physiology

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Arteries and Veins

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Arteries and Veins

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Image from: Burtkitt et al. (1993) Functional Histology

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Capillaries

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Endothelial tubes, connecting arterial and venous sides of the circulation Often arranged in networks (= capillary beds)

Arteriovenous anastomoses
Provide direct connections between arterial and venous sides, excluding capillaries Frequent in the skin and help regulate body temperature
Image from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Superficial and deep veins

Help to regulate body temperature

Image from:

Martini (2006) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology

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Movement of blood through the vasculature

Heart Elastic recoil of large arteries Valves in veins (median sized +) ensure unidirectional flow Muscular pump (venous system) Venae comitates
Image from: Marieb & Hoehn (2008) Anatomy & Physiology

Venae comitantes
Deep veins which surround the arteries in a branching framework rather than existing as single tubes. Often exist as pairs of veins that run alongside an artery. The pulsing of the artery helps to move blood through the vein

Images from:

Moore and Dalley (1999) Clinically Oriented Anatomy Bannister et al. (1998) Grays Anatomy

Images from:

Rohen et al. (2002) Color Atlas of Human Anatomy

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Some types of cardiovascular change

Arteriosclerosis A thickening and toughening of arterial walls. Atherosclerosis A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by changes in the endothelial lining and the formation of fatty plaques. Varicose veins Occur when veins become incompetent and blood pools within them Aneurysms Bulges in vessels at sites of weakness, which place the vessel at risk of rupture.
Image from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy
Image from: Martini (2006) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology

Major Arteries and Veins of the Systemic Circuit

most vessels pass in front of joints, instead of behind, so that they are not occluded in flexion
Image from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

2 major vessels arise from the ascending aorta

Right coronary artery Left coronary artery

3 major vessels arise from the arch of the aorta

Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid Left subclavian
Images from: Rohen et al. (2002) Color Atlas of Human Anatomy

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Arteries of the Upper Limb

Cubital Fossa

Images from: Schaeffe (1953) Morris Human Anatomy McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Veins of the Upper Limb

Images from: Schaeffer (1953) Morris Human Anatomy McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Arteries of the Neck and Head

External carotid is smaller Internal carotid often has a dilatation at its base (= carotid sinus)

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

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Arterial supply
4 arteries supply blood to the brain = stable source to important organ.

Images from: Snell (1992) Clinical Neuroanatomy

Arterial supply

Images from: Snell (1992) Clinical Neuroanatomy

Arterial supply

Images from: Snell (1992) Clinical Neuroanatomy

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Venous drainage of the brain

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Veins of the Head and Neck

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Descending Aorta
T5 Thoracic Aorta T12 / Diaphragm Abdominal Aorta L4
Image from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

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Arteries of the Trunk

Celiac Trunk
(gives rise to: Splenic Left gastric Common hepatic Arteries)

Superior Mesenteric

Inferior Mesenteric
Image from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Celiac Trunk

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Mesenteric Arteries

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

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Veins of the Trunk

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Hepatic Portal System

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Arteries of the Lower Limb

Inguinal ligament marks the boundary between the external iliac and the femoral arteries The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa after exiting the adductor canal (at fibrous opening in adductor magnus) Tibial arteries start where the popliteal branches

Image from:

McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

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Veins of the Lower Limb

Images from:

Bannister et al. (1998) Grays Anatomy McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

Lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels collect fluid and proteins leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood. Also carries absorbed fats from intestines. Lymph nodes clean the lymph fluid of pathogens.
Image from: Rohen et al. (2002) Color Atlas of Human Anatomy

Lymphatic capillaries Closed-ended tubes with one way flaps

Lymphatic vessels Have three tunics but thin walled Contain more valves than veins Possess lymph nodes Superficial lymphatics travel with veins Deep lymphatic vessels tend to travel with arteries
Images from: McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

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Lymph Nodes

Reticular mesh holding immune cells such as macrophages

Image from:

Marieb & Hoehn (2008) Anatomy & Physiology

Lymphatic Drainage
Two major ducts Right lymphatic duct drains the superior right quarter of the body Thoracic duct drains the remainder
Image from: Marieb & Hoehn (2008) Anatomy & Physiology McKinley & OLoughlin (2006) Human Anatomy

This Lectures Readings:

Blood and Lymphatic Vessels

Martini et al. (2012) 571-600, 608-613

Enjoy the rest of the visceral systems!

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