shrink !

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Project funded under the Socio-economic
Sciences and Humanities
Project funded under the Socio-economic
Sciences and Humanities
Shiink Smait
The uoveinance of Shiinkage within
a Euiopean Context
!"#"$%&' )%*"+ ,-. /
Auuiessing 0iban Shiinkage
Acioss Euiope -
Challenges anu Piospects
by Bietei Rink, Annegiet Baase,
Natthias Beint anu Katiin uiomann
01-23 4'%*56 47$%3
The uoveinance of Shiinkage within a Euiopean Context
FP7 Reseaich Pioject, Nay 2uu9 to Apiil 2u12
0&65-89":;"7"53#
Shiink Smait is a Euiopean Reseaich Pioject financially suppoiteu by the Euiopean Commission's
7th Fiamewoik Piogiamme, Theme 8 ,Social Sciences anu Bumanities"; contiact no. 22S19S
The authois wish to thank the consoitium membeis Chiis Couch, Natthew Cocks, vlau Nykhnenko,
Albeito violante, Cateiina Coitese, Paolo Calza Bini, Boguan Nauolu, Nelinua Binca, Ban Luches,
Laiysa Kuzmenko, Bmitii Neuweujew, Peti Rumpel, Iva Tich, 0nuej Slach, Iwona Kantoi-
Pietiaga, Robeit Kizysztofik anu }eizy Runge foi contiibuting to this ieseaich biief.
<$=-23
Annegiet Baase, Anna Kunath, Katiin Baith
>%*53
Euition winteiwoik
www.euition-winteiwoik.ue
>'-3-;%$?'= @%":*3#
Annegiet Baase, Felix uiubei, Bietei Rink, Albeito violante
!"&-77"5:": &*3$3*-5 +-%7$3
Bietei Rink, Annegiet Baase, Natthias Beint anu Katiin uiomann (2u1u):
Auuiessing 0iban Shiinkage Acioss Euiope - Challenges anu Piospects
Shiink Smait Reseaich Biief No. 1, Novembei 2u1u
0n behalf of the Shiink Smait consoitium.
Belmholtz Centie foi Enviionmental Reseaich - 0FZ, Leipzig
(available online at https:shiinksmait.ufz.ueuataB9%2uReseaich%2uBiief%2u21422S.puf)
1
"#$%&$%
'( )*+ ,##- .% /01.$ 2*03$-.4&5 6
6( )*.% 32 7*03$- 78.0%5 9
3. Why do clues shrlnk? :
;( )*.% 32% %*& <0#1,&8 =3%* 2*03$-.4&5 '9
3. Pow do clues cope wlLh shrlnkage? ':
>( )*.% *.<<&$2 $&?%5 69
2. Who anu what is SBRINK SNART.
It is the aim of Shiink Smait to #32:= 3'" %-9" -+ ?-9*&*"# $5:
;-A"%5$5&" #=#3"7# *5 :*++"%"53 3=?"# -+ #'%*56*5; 2%1$5 %";*-5#.
Shiink Smait is baseu on compaiative case stuuies fiom seven uiban
iegions thioughout Euiope with a focus on uisauvantageu uiban iegions
in Eastein anu Southein Euiope.
Case stuuies pioviue a backgiounu foi exploiing uiffeient tiajectoiies of
shiinkage, unueistanuing the main challenges foi uiban planning anu
elaboiating alteinatives foi uiban goveinance.
1. Why look at uiban shiinkage.
0iban shiinkage has become a new noimality foi a giowing numbei of
Euiopean cities anu uiban iegions. About 4u pei cent of laige cities in
Euiope have lost population uuiing the pievious few uecaues,
many of them in the postsocialist countiies.
Shiinking cities stiuggle with unueiuseu infiastiuctuie, housing
vacancies, a uecline in laboui foice, investment anu jobs. Fuitheimoie,
theie is fiequently a uecline in financial iesouices that aie neeueu
to cope with these consequences. Shiinkage is a iesult of uiffeient
but stiongly inteiconnecteu piocesses such as uneven economic
uevelopment, uemogiaphic change oi subuibanisation.
!"#$%"&'%(&#)* ,-.#/0%) 0)"%.1020)( %)3 (40 /#'('#5&%"&'(
(.%)'&(&#) 4%60 &)5.0%'03 (40 -)060) 3060"#/20)( #7
,-.#/0%) 5&(&0'8 9"(4#-14 -.$%) '4.&):%10 &' % 2%;#.
54%""0)10 7#. (40 7-(-.0 #7 -.$%) ,-.#/0* &( &' '(&"" -)30.
.0'0%.5403* <&(4 5#2/%.%(&60 %//.#%540' 0'/05&%""= 2&''&)18
In Shiink Smait, we aim at a bettei unueistanuing of local specifics,
iuentifying challenges, anu pioviuing solutions foi goveinance
iesponses to shiinkage.
Shiink Smait's pioject stiuctuie
Source: DOW (2009)
2 3
The Shiink Smait team
The Shiink Smait case stuuies
Shiink Smait's consoitium is maue up of B ?$%35"%#
+%-7C D2%-?"$5 &-253%*"#. These aie:
Belmholtz Centie foi Enviionmental Reseaich, Leipzig (ueimany)
}ohn-Nooies-0niveisity Liveipool (0K)
0stiava 0niveisity (Czech Republic)
Silesian 0niveisity Katowice (Polanu)
0niveisity of Nottingham, School of ueogiaphy (0K)
0niveisity La Sapienza, Roma (Italy)
West 0niveisity of Timioaia (Romania)
Inuustiial Economics Institute Bonetsk, NAS0 (0kiaine)
Nembeis of the $:A*#-%= 1-$%: suppoiting the consoitium's
woik aie Anne Powei (Lonuon), Robeit Beauiegaiu (New Yoik),
Ivan Tuiok (ulasgow), Ivan Tosics (Buuapest), 0we Altiock (Kassel),
Emmanuele Cunningham-Sabot (Rennes), Sylvie Fol (Paiis),
Beike Liebmann (Eiknei), anu Nauio Palumbo (uenoa)
The pioject is financeu by the 7 FP, Theme 8 (Socio-economic Sciences
anu Bumanities).
Shiink Smait's ieseaich is baseu upon 7 case stuuies acioss Euiope
within which we caiiy out in-uepth anu compaiative analyses.
These cases aie:
Leipzig Balle (ueimany)
Liveipool (0K)
0stiava (Czech Republic)
Sosnowiec Bytom (Polanu)
uenoa (Italy)
Timioaia (Romania)
Bonetsk Nakiivka (0kiaine)
4 5
Event
!"#$% '(")%*$+,
|aIn IndIcator: populatIon declIne
!"#$%&'%#(%$ )"* '*+,# .%/%0"12%#3
Change In
populatIon,
mIlIeus
socIal servIces
socIal cohesIon
0eclIne In
Investment,
labour force and
job offers
Underuse
(housIng,
Intfrastructure
and transport)
0eclIne In densIty
(populatIon,
land use,
buIlt structures)
0eclIne In
munIcIpal
budget and
tax revenues
4"(5,0 *%,$"#$ ,#. 1*%25$%$ 62,(*"71*"(%$$%$8
EconomIc
development
SocIodemo
graphIc
trends
PolItIcal/
admInIstratIve
Impacts
Settlement
system
development
EnvIronmental
Issues
Event
!"#$% '(")%*$+,
|aIn IndIcator: populatIon declIne
!"#$%&'%#(%$ )"* '*+,# .%/%0"12%#3 !"#$%&'%#(%$ )"* '*+,# .%/%0"12%#3
Change In
populatIon,
mIlIeus
socIal servIces
socIal cohesIon
0eclIne In
Investment,
labour force and
job offers
Underuse
(housIng,
Intfrastructure
and transport)
0eclIne In densIty
(populatIon,
land use,
buIlt structures)
0eclIne In
munIcIpal
budget and
tax revenues
4"(5,0 *%,$"#$ ,#. 1*%25$%$ 62,(*"71*"(%$$%$8
EconomIc
development
SocIodemo
graphIc
trends
PolItIcal/
admInIstratIve
Impacts
Settlement
system
development
EnvIronmental
Issues
The ShrInk Smart conceptual model of urban shrInkage
Source: CroBmann, Haase, FInk and 8ernt (2009)
E%1$5 #'%*56$;" is a pathway of uiban uevelopment
chaiacteiizeu by ueclining numbeis of inhabitants. Population uecline
is the main inuicatoi foi uiban shiinkage.
As the mouel on page 8 shows, ueclining population numbeis aie a
local consequence of macio-piocesses in the economy, the social anu
political systems oi even of natuial uisasteis. Population uecline is also
the staiting point foi many pioblems shiinking cities aie faceu with,
such as ageing, a 'biain uiain', unueiuseu infiastiuctuies oi housing
vacancies. 0iban shiinkage causes pioblems that aie uiffeient fiom the
pioblems of those faceu by giowing cities.
>40 )%(-.0* 5%-'0' %)3 5#)'0?-0)50' #7 /#/-"%(&#) 305"&)0
6%.&0' $0(<00) 5&(&0'8 @) (4&' /.#;05( <0 0A/"#.0 (40 3&60.'&(= #7
(40'0 -)30."=&)1 3=)%2&5'* (40 3&770.0)( &2/%5(' #) -.$%)
3060"#/20)(* %)3 (40 3&770.0)( 1#60.)%)50 %..%)1020)(' (#
30%" <&(4 (40'0 &''-0' &) 0%54 5&(=8
E%1$5 ;-A"%5$5&" is a teim that uiaws attention to the
inteiplay between a bioau iange of public anu piivate actois in
ueteimining the common affaiis of cities. We use a bioau uefinition of
goveinance as it has been applieu by 0N-Babitat: "0iban goveinance is
the sum of the many ways inuiviuuals anu institutions, public anu
piivate, plan anu manage the common affaiis of the city. It is a
continuing piocess thiough which conflicting oi uiveise inteiests may
be accommouateu anu coopeiative action can be taken. It incluues
foimal institutions as well as infoimal aiiangements anu the social
capital of citizens." (0N-BABITAT, www.unhabitat.oig)
6 7
Steelwoiks in Bonetsk Subuibanization in Timioaia
vacant lot aftei uemolition
in Leipzig-uinau
S. Why uo cities shiink.
Shiinkage is not a single piocess in itself but iathei
a combination of thiee macio-uevelopments
(economic changes, uemogiaphic uevelopments,
changing settlement stiuctuie) that impact upon cities
in a veiy time- anu place-specific mannei, leauing to
population losses.
We have iuentifieu the following thiee majoi causes of
uiban shiinkage with iespect to the case stuuy cities
conceineu:
economic uecline anu job-ielateu out-migiation,
subuibanization anu a change in the settlement
system, anu
uemogiaphic change (natuial ueciease in population
anu ageing).
These ueteimining causes aie influenceu in theii uynamics
by othei inteivening factois such as the political system anu
its impacts at uiffeient spatial levels (national, iegional,
uiban, anu local), the shape of iegeneiation policies,
the physical stiuctuie of the city, ecological conuitions oi
cultuial factois.
uiven that uiban shiinkage uepenus upon an inteiplay of local,
national anu global piocesses, it uiffeis in teims of scope anu
speeu as well as in uynamics ovei time. Population uecline can
happen giauually ovei a long peiiou oi cities can loose
population iapiuly. Auuitionally, all analyzeu cities vaiy in how
theii case of shiinkage ielates to theii national context.
B4.&):&)1 5&(&0' 5%) 7#""#< 3&770.0)( (.%;05(#.&0'8
C40(40. '4.&):%10 5%-'0' 2%;#. /.#$"02' 7#. % 5&(=
30/0)3' -/#) (40 '5#/0 %)3 '/003 #7 /#/-"%(&#) "#''8
Among the Shiink Smait case stuuies, most cities have been
shiinking uue to economic uecline anuoi the systemic change in
eastein Euiope aftei 1989. Theie aie examples of long-teim
shiinking cities, as well as cases which have expeiienceu iapiu
shiinkage. Theie aie also cities within oui sample that manageu
to stabilize theii population uuiing the 2uuus. But they aie still
having to cope with the consequences of shiinkage anu the
possibility of an appioaching fiesh peiiou of shiinkage.
8 9
Foi example: Liveipool
D&60./##" .0/.0'0)(' #)0 #7 (40 2#'( /.#2&)0)(
0A%2/"0' #7 "#)1E(0.2 '4.&):%10 &) ,-.#/08
>40 5&(= '(%.(03 "#'&)1 /#/-"%(&#) %".0%3= &) (40 FGHI'
%)3 &( 4%' #)"= '(%$&"&J03 &) .050)( =0%.'8
Buiing the 197us anu 198us the conuibation expeiienceu massive
ueinuustiialisation anu economic iestiuctuiing. When the iemaining
population uispeiseu away fiom the uiban coie of the conuibation
thiough subuibanisation anu spiawl towaius the peiipheiy of the
conuibation, Liveipool saw a peiiou of iapiu population uecline.
Bue to a combination of housing policies anu an outwaiu movement
of jobs, population numbeis in the coie city ueclineu even fastei than
in the peiipheiy of the conuibation. The population of the coie city,
Liveipool, fell fiom 61u,uuu in 1971 to 4SS,uuu in 2uu8.
The main consequences of population uecline concein the housing
system. Fiom 1971 to 1991, housing shoitage tuineu into supply
suiplus. The unemployment iate stoou above 2u%
in the coie city thioughout the 198us anu the uiban space saw
a iising numbei of biownfielus anu aieas of abanuoneu lanu
acioss the city's teiiitoiy.
Foi example: Bytom anu Balle
Bytom anu Balle aie examples of iapiu shoit-teim shiinkage.
Although the two cities hau alieauy begun to lose population
alieauy in the 198us, they witnesseu the most iapiu peiiou
of shiinkage only fiom the beginning of the postsocialist tiansition
in 19899u onwaius. Bytom's population uecieaseu fiom
24u,uuu in 1987to 18S,uuu in 2uu9 anu Balle's fiom SSu,uuu in 1986
to 2S1,uuu in 2uu8.
B4.&):%10 #55-..03 &) K=(#2 %)3 L%""0 %( % (&20
<40) #(40. /.#$"02' '-54 %' (40 /#'('#5&%"&'( 54%)10
<0.0 (#/ #) (40 %10)3%8
Annual iates of population losses in both cities aie the highest
in the Shiink Smait sample. They aie also pieuicteu to see fuithei
shiinkage in the futuie.
Both cities weie olu inuustiial hubs in Polanu anu the foimei
ueiman Bemociatic Republic, anu so population losses
have been mainly a consequence of job losses uue to inuustiial uecline.
Both cities have unueigone peiious of high unemployment anu
impoveiishment of theii inhabitants.
They aie foiceu to make cuts in social anu tianspoit infiastiuctuies.
Fuitheimoie, the awaieness of the challenges biought about by
shiinkage uevelopeu only when ielateu pioblems became highly visible.
10 11
Ethnic ietail in uenoa Subuibanization neai Timioaia
Peifoiation in Leipzig
K#(4 !0)#% %)3 >&2&#%.% 4%60 (# 2%&)(%&) %)3 7&)%)50* 7#.
0A%2/"0* (40 (.%)'/#.( &)7.%'(.-5(-.0 (4%( &' -'03 $-( )#(
/%&3 7#. $= '-$-.$%)&(0'8
In the case of uenoa, inteinational immigiation has become a
countei piocess to out-migiation contiibuting to iejuvenation
anu filling niches in the laboui maiket.
4. What is the pioblem with shiinkage.
The main pioblem with shiinkage is that a ieuuceu population size
leaus to a ueclining uemanu foi houses, lanu, watei-ielateu netwoiks,
public tianspoit, schools anu othei infiastiuctuie buugets. Cities have to
ueal with cuts in housing anu infiastiuctuie.
At the same time as the social anu uemogiaphic composition of the
uiban population changes leauing to ageing, 'biain uiain', highei iates of
immigiants etc., new neeus aie aiising. 0ften, vaiious paits of a city aie
affecteu in a uistinct way.
Thus, cities that lose population often neeu a consiueiable iestiuctuiing
of all soits of uiban amenities.
Foi example: uenoa anu Timioaia
uenoa anu Timioaia aie two examples of uiban shiinkage as a iesult
of uemogiaphic ageing anu subuibanization. Between 1971 anu 2uu1,
uenoa lost 27 pei cent of its population. Timioaia expeiienceu an 14
pei cent uecline between 199u anu 2uu8.
In both cases, an extiemely low biith iate leu to ueath suipluses anu, at
the same time, to population uecline anu iapiu ageing of the
population.
Simultaneously, youngei anu well euucateu inhabitants anu families
left the innei city foi the subuibs. This selective out-migiation iesulteu
in changes of the age anu euucational stiuctuie of the iemaining
population.
12 13
Gentrication
Bemolition in Leipzig
Boaiueu-up housing waiting foi
uemolition in Liveipool
Begiaueu biownfielu in Nakiivka Reuseu biownfielu in Sosnowiec
Foi example: Bousing vacancies
In many cities, housing is the aiea that is most visibly affecteu by
population losses. Falling ients anu uwelling piices, cuts in ieal
estate investments as well as an alieauy existing oveisupply leau
to vacancies, a uecline of expenuituie on maintenance,
a uevaluation anu uilapiuation of existing sites anu, in some cases,
even to an intensifieu peifoiation of the uiban fabiic.
In cities like Liveipool, Balle anu Leipzig, state-sponsoieu
uemolition of vacant housing stock has taken place.
Foi example: Biownfielus
0iban population losses often go hanu in hanu with a ciisis in, oi
even a collapse, of establisheu inuustiies. This is ieflecteu in the
expansion of biownfielus, i.e. aieas anu sites that weie tiauitionally
useu foi inuustiial piouuction, housing anu othei functions, but
subsequently became vacant.
0ften, these biownfielus contiibute to a physical appeaiance of
uecay anu ieinfoice a negative image of the affecteu aieas. In some
cases, contamination is an issue.
14 15
Foi example: Watei netwoiks
When population uiops, the uemanu foi watei ueclines.
So uoes the geneiation of uomestic sewage.
This leaus, on the one hanu to a chance foi moie sustainable
consumption patteins. 0n the othei hanu, it causes pioblems
foi the existing infiastiuctuie. 0nueiutilization thus leaus to
longei uetention times of pipeu watei, miciobial
iecontamination, an incieaseu coiiosion of tube mateiials,
anu othei technical pioblems.
Yet, at the same time, the impact of ieuuceu consumption
on a paiticulai watei netwoik is veiy much uepenuent upon
its specific constiuction, pipe uiametei, uownwaiu giauients
anu othei technical uetails. Subsequently, the neeu to iebuilu
existing stiuctuies always appeais in veiy specific, anu often
cost-intensive, ways.
Foi example: Cuts in social infiastiuctuies
Shiinkage uoes not only leau to a ieuuction in the population
size, but in most cases it is accompanieu by a selective
out-migiation of youngei householus anu a change in age
stiuctuies.
Foi cities, this leaus to two majoi challenges:
a ueciease in the numbei of chiluien causes a piessuie to
uownsize, close anu aujust existing schools, nuiseiies,
kinueigaitens anu othei chilu-ielateu infiastiuctuie, anu,
at the same time,
ageing leaus to a giowing uemanu foi meuical anu peisonal
caie seivices foi the elueily.
16 17
Liveipool-Eveiton iegeneiation site
Bousing vacancies in Leipzig
Incentives have been
installeu to maintain
vacant housing stock
anu ieuse it foi othei
puiposes. Inteiim use
agieements between
the municipality,
owneis anu useis
biought vacant lots
back into use anu
counteiacteu fuithei
uilapiuation anu
uegiauation.
>40 5%'0 #7 D0&/J&1 '4#<' (4%( % 5&(= 4%' (# 5#/0 <&(4 (40
5#)'0?-0)50' #7 '4.&):%10 060) %7(0. &( 4%' '(%$&"&J03 #.
.0(-.)03 (# 1.#<(48
<"*?F*; was faceu with a housing shoitage foi moie
than foui uecaues. At the enu of the 199us, vacancies
appeaieu all ovei the city uue to out migiation,
uemogiaphic change anu an ongoing builuing anu
iehabilitation boom, suppoiteu by tax-incentives
in the afteimath of the ueiman ieunification.
In oiuei to stabilize the housing maiket, Leipzig maue
use of iegional iestiuctuiing piogiams fosteiing the
uemolition of flats. Since 1997, about 12,uuu flats have been
uemolisheu. An ,uiban uevelopment plan (STEP)" biought
togethei the stiategic planning of uiffeient spheies like housing,
social infiastiuctuie anu uiban planning. It aimeu at steeiing
uemolition activities into stiategic aieas anu pieventing
spontaneous fiagmentation.
S. Bow uo cities cope with shiinkage.
In a woilu, wheie the teims uevelopment anu giowth aie useu
inteichangeably, pioactively to make shiinkage a subject of uiscussion
is the fiist step of coping with the pioblem anu its effects.
To pioviue systematic analysis, foiecasts anu scenaiios aie the
next step in oiuei to aiiive at iealistic appiaisals.
uiven this context, stiategies can eithei accept a futuie population
uecline anu auapt uiban stiuctuies to cateiing foi fewei people anu
uemanus, oi they can focus on the ieveisal of uecline anu attempt to
fostei giowth insteau.
M7(0)* 5&(&0' %&2 %( 2%)%1&)1 (40 07705(' #7 305"&)0* '-54 %'
6%5%)5&0' %)3 $.#<) 7&0"3'* <4&"0* %( (40 '%20 (&20*
"##:&)1 7#. <%=' (# .0(-.) (# 1.#<(4 #. %( "0%'( '(%$&"&(=8
18 19
0stiava:
Kaiolina site, catheuial anu
vitkovice steelwoiks, histoiical
woikeis' settlement
Ninei's monument
in Bonetsk
G#3%$A$ was the centie of heavy inuustiies in the foimei
Czechoslovakia. While some steel mills aie still in opeiation, otheis have
shut theii uoois in the eaily 199us, leaving behinu only the skeletons of
inuustiial piouuction, laige aieas of vacant lanus, mountains of waste anu
contaminateu sites.
The loss of money
thiough the national
fiscal ieuistiibution
system hinueis the cities'
effoits to unueitake
majoi, uigent
investments in public
infiastiuctuies anu the
municipal housing stock.
It also leaus to a gieatei
uepenuence upon the
inteiests anu
benevolence of a few
iegional big businesses.
0iban shiinkage has been an issue foi the cities of H-5"3#6
$5: I$6**A6$ in eastein 0kiaine since the late 198us anu
ieacheu a veiy high iate in the 199us.
M)0 #7 (40 2%&) /.#$"02' #7 (40 &)3-'(.&%" 4-$ &) 0%'(0.)
N:.%&)0 <&(4&) <4&54 (40 5&(&0' #7 O#)0(': %)3 P%:&&6:%
7#.2 % /%.( #7 &' (40 &2$%"%)50 &) (40 )%(&#)%" 7&'5%"
.03&'(.&$-(&#) '='(028
The iegion iepiesents a majoi uonoi in this system anu it cannot
benefit accoiuingly fiom the economic auueu value it cieates. This
is uespite its population losses anu uespite the collapse of many
inuustiial enteipiises in the iegion.
0stiava has uiffeient stiategies to ieuevelop biownfielus:
the conveision of foimei inuustiial lanuscapes into cultuial heiitage
attiactions,
uecontamination of lanu anu ieuse foi housing puiposes, oi
the use of lanu foi stiategic innei city uevelopment thiough 'lighthouse'
piojects like the Kaiolina Reuevelopment. Beie, a combination of
shopping malls, leisuie facilities anu high-level housing ieplaceu a
foimei mine aujacent to the city centie.
20 21
Liveipool 0ne Shopping Centie
Stuuying goveinance
aiiangements with
iespect to shiinkage:
outcomes of a
stakeholuei woikshop
in Leipzig in
Septembei 2u1u
<*A"%?--9 was uigeu to ieact to massive population loss at an
eaily stage - with uecline beginning uuiing the 19Sus. The
uevelopment of compiehensive policies foi uiban iegeneiation
(paiticulaily since the 197us) coupleu with poweiful iestiaints
on peiipheial giowth sloweu the iate of population loss. A seiies
of iegeneiation policies anu agencies incluuing the Neiseysiue
Bevelopment Coipoiation, City Challenge, the Single
Regeneiation Buuget Challenge Funu, English Paitneiships, E0
0bjective 0ne funuing fiom 1994-2uu7, anu otheis incluuing
Liveipool vision, have all put iesouices into the ieuevelopment
of the existing city. Since the 199us the emeiging tienu towaius
economic giowth baseu upon a post-inuustiial seivice economy
has leu to a ievival of the coie city to the point wheie it is now on
the cusp of ieuibanization.
>40 '(-3= #7 D&60./##" '4#<' (40 3=)%2&5' #7 -.$%)
54%)10 %)3 '4.&):%10 $-( 2#'( &2/#.(%)("= &(
302#)'(.%(0' 4#< <&(4 % 5#2$&)%(&#) #7 5#2/.040)'&60
-.$%) .010)0.%(&#) /#"&5&0' 5#2/"020)(&)1 % 54%)10 &)
05#)#2&5 '(.-5(-.0* % 5&(= 5%) 2#60 7.#2 % /0.&#3 #7
'4.&):%10 (#<%.3' '(%$&"&J%(&#)8
Liveipool: Piinces uock
6. What happens next.
97(0. 4%6&)1 &30)(&7&03 (40 /%(4' #7 -.$%) '4.&):%10 &) (40 '&)1"0
5%'0 '(-3= 5&(&0' #. -.$%) .01&#)'* B4.&): B2%.( %)%"=J0'
(40 0A&'(&)1 2#30' #7 "#5%" 1#60.)%)508
>4&' <&"" '4#< <4&54 /%(4' #7 -.$%) '4.&):%10 $.&)1 %$#-(
<4&54 2#30' #7 1#60.)%)508
The pioject's inteiest lies in stuuying the ielationship between shiinkage
anu goveinance in two uiiections: on the one hanu, it asks if ceitain
tiajectoiies of shiinkage piivilege ceitain moues of uiban goveinance.
0n the othei, it analyzes the implications of uiffeient goveinance
aiiangements foi uiban stiategies that aie uealing with the shiinkage
of cities.
22 23
Stakeholuei woikshop in
Leipzig, Septembei 2u1u.
Foi the final
phase of the
pioject, a policy
infoiming
woikshop with
iepiesentatives
fiom the E0 anu
the E0R0CITIES
initiative is
planneu in
Biussels in
Spiing 2u12.
As a iesult of the pioject, uiffeient tiajectoiies of shiinkage
piocesses within Euiope will be uefineu anu a set of policy
iecommenuations foi uiffeient typologies of shiinking cities will
be uevelopeu. Fuitheimoie, with the aim of pioviuing piactical
knowleuge foi uecision-makeis, Shiink Smait will engage in
extensive uissemination activities.
Baseu upon the iesults of the goveinance analysis, Shiink Smait
will oiganize an inteinational stakeholuei woikshop in 2u11
to uiscuss anu impiove the finuings thiough the view
of piactitioneis.
24
Shiink Smait -
The uoveinance of Shiinkage
within a Euiopean Context