PROJECT REPORT ON PACKAGE DRINKING WATER BOTTLING PLANT POLLUTION.

Name:
Calcutta University Roll No

Registration No.:

College Roll No.

Acknowledgement
This report is an outstanding prospect to convey my gratefulness to those many people whose timely guidance went a long way in finishing this project work from commencement to achievement. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr Mousumi Singh Sengupta principal of our college! for giving me an pursuing the project. This project could not "e completed without the a"le guidance and support of # Prof. Dr.Dipankar Dasgupta (Head of the department, COMMERCE) Prof. Ananya undu Dey (pro!e"t super#isor). I am very glad to work on topic given. It has helped me to gather many information. $ast "ut not least I would like to thanks my family mem"ers% friends and all those people who helped me for the completion of my project and deeper understanding of the concept of performance appraisal. &orking on this project has proved to "e an enlightening experience for me

CONTENTS Sl.No. Topic Pg.No

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Abstract Introduction Study Methodology Result and Discussion

6. 7.

Conclusion Biblography

ABSTRACT
The main selling point of bottled water is the convenience. It's comforting to have a ready supply of drinking water with you when you're in the car, hiking in the mountains, out for a run or anywhere that water is not easily accessible. Without bottled water, many people may turn to sugar-laden sodas and juices to quench an inconvenient thirst. Bottled water is a healthier alternative when it comes to staying hydrated on the go. Access to safe drinking water is indicated by the number of people using proper sanitary sources. These improved drinking water sources include household connection, public standpipe, borehole condition, protected dug well,

protected spring, and rain water collection. Sources that don't encourage improved drinking water to the same extent as previously mentioned include: unprotected well, unprotected spring, rivers or ponds, vender-provided water, bottled water (consequential of limitations in quantity, not quality of water), and tanker truck water. Access to sanitary water comes hand in hand with access to improved sanitation facilities for excreta. These facilities include connection to public sewer, connection to septic system, pour-flush latrine, and ventilated improved pit latrine. Unimproved sanitation facilities are: public or shared latrine, open pit latrine.

INTRODUCTION
Water contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected b Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O. A water moleculey covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid-state, ice, and gaseous state, steam (water vapour).

Sources of Water:
Rainwater, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, ponds and springs are natural sources of water. Dams, wells, tube wells, hand-pumps, canals, etc, are man-made sources of water. Rain Water: Rain water collects on the earth in the form of surface water and underground water. Surface Water: Water present on the surface of the earth in the form of oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams is called surface water. The water in rivers and lakes comes from rain and melting of snow on mountains. Rivers flow into the sea. Underground Water:

Some of the rainwater seeps through the soil on to the non-porous rocks below. This is underground water. Sometimes due to high pressure, this water sprouts out in the form of springs. It can be obtained by digging wells, sinking tube wells, etc.

Mineral water Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may be effervescent (i.e., "sparkling") due to contained gases. Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure," at developed cities such as spas, baths, or wells. The term spa was used for a place where the water was consumed and bathed in; bath where the water was used primarily for bathing, therapeutics, or recreation; and well where the water was to be consumed. Importance

With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water circulates through the land just as it does through the human body, transporting, dissolving, and replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste material. Further in the body, it regulates the activities of fluids, tissues, cells, lymph, blood and glandular secretions. An average adult body contains 42 litres of water and with just a small loss of 2.7 litres he or she can suffer from dehydration, displaying symptoms of irritability, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, weakness, headaches and consequently reach a state of pathology. Dr F. Batmanghelidj, in his book 'your body's many cries for water', gives a wonderful essay on water and its vital role in the health of a water 'starved' society. He writes: "Since the 'water' we drink provides for cell function and its volume requirements, the decrease in our daily water intake affects the efficiency of cell activity........as a result chronic dehydration causes symptoms that equal disease..."

M ARKE T P OTENTIAL Unfortunately sufficient safe potable water is not available everywhere in the country, either harmful chemical substances are found in the layers of earth which enter into water or it may be contaminated due to pathogenic microorganisms. If such water is consumed, the body suffers from water born diseases. Due to this, it has become imperative to process and bottle safe potable water f o r t h e m a n k i n d in prevailing conditions. The demand for purified water becomes more during summer season. Although few companies have already entered in the bottling of safe potable water and mineralised water, but

still huge gap is there in between demand and supply at all metropolitan-cities and towns. The product is widely accepted in offices, restaurants, railway stations, airport, bus stands, and hospitals and to some extent even in rich house-holds. So there is good scope for establishing the units for processing and bottling plain and mineralised drinking water in different parts of the country.

STUDY
The Beverage Marketing Corporation defines the bottled water market segment as "retail PET, retail bulk, home and office delivery, vending, domestic sparkling and imports", but excluding "flavored and enhanced water. This chemical is a known hormonal disruptor causing miscarriages and birth defects, according to a study conducted by Case Western Reserve scientists. Synthetic xenoestrogens, one of which is Bisphenol A or BPA are linked to breast cancer and uterine cancer in women, decreased testosterone levels in men, and are particularly devastating to babies and young children. BPA has even been linked to insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Responsible baby bottle industries are producing BPAfree bottles that are clearly marked.
Purified water vending machines

Bottle-less drinking water vending machine inPattaya, Thailand. Customers bring their containers

A number of cities and companies worldwide have vending machines that dispense purified water into customer's own containers. All dispensers filter the location's tap water. In North America, these machines are typically located outside of supermarkets.

Of all the water vending companies, Glacier Water is by far the largest. Since its inception in 1983, Glacier Water has experienced significant growth in machine placements and has created an extensive network of approximately 17,000 water vending machines (year 2010) located throughout the United States and Canada.

Many plumbers install final purification devices into the homes and businesses of customers. Several methods of treatment are offered, ranging from carbon filtration to reverse osmosis and the degree of filtration ranges from making the tap water more palatable to removal of specific minerals and contaminants. Counter-top filtration systemsalso are sold in grocery and department stores that make tap water more palatable.

Similar in principle to traditional canteens that have been used for generations, stainless steel containers for carrying one's personal water supply (drawn from the home or public supply) now are being marketed, however, they are built to resemble contemporary water bottles. Whether that is intended symbolically or as an attempt to fit so many products designed for soda cans or plastic bottles, is uncertain. Similar to glass, stainless steel has been proven as a safe container for water or food for generations because they do not leach any contaminants into its contents. Reverse osmosis water purification systems can remove up to 90% or more of certain inorganic chemicals. Reverse osmosis can even remove some microbiological contaminants, including Giardia cysts. However unless equipped with an activated charcoal post-filter, reverse osmosis by itself does not remove dissolved gases and organic chemicals such as radon and trihalomethanes
Bottled water service

An officewater cooler with a reusable 5-US-gallon !" #$ bottle

It is not uncommon for business or individuals to subscribe to a bottled water service. These services deliver water either monthly or weekly, sometimes even daily. Traditionally, water in glass bottles (jugs) was provided to electric coolers in areas of businesses without plumbing. Plastic containers have replaced those glass jugs

METHODOLOGY
Processing and Bottling
Raw water to be processed is collected in tanks. A known quantity is pumped into the above tank where the water is

dozed with alum for coagulation with heavy metals or insoluble matters. The water after coagulation is allowed to settle for an hour. The impurities may be removed by Reverse Osmosis techniques also. The supernatant water is taken to the chlorination tank where primary disinfection is brought about by bubbling chlorine gas. The water is then passed through sand filters for trapping of undisclosed impurities The bottles after capping are shrink wrapped (Optional) and packed in corrugated boxes of one dozen each. The following chat of the process is as follows:Raw Water from Source Raw Water Storage Raw Water Lifting Pump Sand Filter Activated Carbon Filter Base Exchange Softener Ultravioliet Disinfection Micro Filteration System

High Preasure Pump System Desalting Mixing Storage of Treated Water Polishing Filteration UV Disinfection System Filling Sealing & Capping M/C

REASULT AND DISCUSSION

Packaged Drinking Water Plant is complete design of TURNKEY BASIS.

Plant assembling machines like Filter Assembly(Sand/Carbon/Bag Filter), High Pressure Pump, Membrane with Housing ,Ultraviolet(UV System),Water Purification Equipment, SS Storage Tank ,Fully Automatic or Semi Automatic Bottle Filling Machine, PET Stretch blowing Machine, Pouch Filling Machines and so on. We are also providing documentation and training on plant operation and quality control. For each Capital is use of water has increased and given the limited supply of fresh water so it is difficult for countries to make available its population the fresh water. The first step is Drinking water its Purification. Water is get from external source of allowed passing through the Purification Unit and then after stored in SS Tank. Passed from beginning to end the Purification Plant and stored SS Tank. After Purification water has taken to the Bottling Segment. Bottling is done as an incessant operation .Purification is a process Rinsing, Filling, Capping. The unit automatically fills, rinses, screws the cap on it, then final Mineral Water is Labeled, Packed, and Promoted.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the bottled water industry is wasteful in several different areas, with environmental nuisances, like petroleum usage and poor recycling, health-related issues, such as false claims by bottlers, and economic problems, in the form of extreme expense compared to tap water. However, there are solutions to these problems, at international, national, and local levels. Internationally, aid groups can distribute Lifesaver bottles, or a comparable product, to disaster-stricken areas, eliminating many plastic bottles. At a national or state level, implementing and improving beverage container deposit laws will increase recycling rates and benefit the environment. Finally, promoting the cleanliness and safety of municipal drinking water will boost public confidence in tap water, discouraging an unsustainable dependence on plastic bottles.

Bibliography
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#a%oreau&, 'hili( )., * Tanner, +ud, T, ed. -..!$, Springs and bottled water of the world: Ancient history, source, occurrence, quality and use, Berlin, /eidelberg, 0ew 1ork2 S(ringer-3erlag, 4SB0 5-56.7!86!-6, retrieved !5 +ul, -.!.

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