Hocopo3uu ranupu

IIpe wnefiy 55 u 25 Mlutuowt zoduna, manupu u nocopoeu cy 6mu jednu od MlJ ooMuwmmnuytxxonumapa,r{ anac nocrnoJe r{eKonuKo npn cuserncepcmn.
aflLr.pu rz Hocopo3r,r cy 6trncrcu rr aHoBA rpyne KOnIrTapa, y KoJy cna4a vr nopo4l.r\a Kolba _ KoFr,z. MaraprJz r,rse6pe. Thnupr,r cy ce npua nojanr,r,vr. OHn cr.alajy y-najripa_ lrurunnuje Be aKe cncape Ha cBery. Ourl cy ce BeoMa MrL o npoMer'uuvr oA KaAa cy eBo^yupa H npe Hexux 5b MHiHoHa ro4laHa. flpnu ranupu cy xrLlBe H y Ceeepuoj Aneparlu. o4axrrb cy ce npotur4playn Ha Eepoaanjy. Oee lBe oo^acrr4 cy bH e ynopr4rxre ranrz_
pa MTz,\HOHllMa foALlHa, cBe
=!i4&, t;

noclelr6er eZeHor 4o6a npe orco 15 000 rodn:ea,atu Aalac HXraMo yonTIITC HCMA.

Ao

o E -9

Hocopoer.r cy ce pa3Bu,lv oA Tanupa o y Ceeepnoj Auepzqu npe 40 rr,n"oua ro,4uHa. 04 rpu nopoarirle HeKaAa AaHac Je npe)KHBea canroje4ua _ FbeHtz Pen,3 cTpalrGbH4eo aMJe Ma O y34Hr_ qlaHoBH uvajy poroee. uyruju o4 n,nehnu. Aepo4rlHalruuHn,
f @

F,EEt*
A EpasuncKltranltp. MnaAn ranupu nuajy xopu3oHranHe npyre x Ta'{Kr4ue Ha cBoM xpsty. Oxe noqurby Aa 6nege KaAa HanyHe ABa Meceqa H HecTaHy ca utecT.
orbytxuo oKo HHy, a ulla H BeOMa 'npcr' ocerJr'HB xojr,rur yB aqH H3AaHKe u ,raurhe y ycra. Ovn cy My Ma^e H nocraBJbeHe ay6orco y Aynmatta. TanupoB c^yx je ao6ap, wa4a nuje orxrap Kao rbefoBo rry^o Mrzpzca.

*-r:.-"* *T

Thnnpn
Tanupu uvajy 4yrauio, Ha6ujeuo rerro Ha 3lenacTHM HOraMa, Ma e KpyTe yrrrH, KpaTaK BpaT, cKopo lJ'eBvrL,buBu

V t lerupra Bpcre y rpynh cltcapa cy no3Hare Kao nep[coAaKTnnn. Bytexn Hocopor (1) je rasynirpo, laBaHcKnHocopor (2) je cxopo u3yMpo,Eepgo" ranhp (3) rannaHltHcKu ranup (4).

KoMnaKTaH o6,run re,l,a ca sao6,resnlr cTpaxrbLrM I,r 3arrrrz,beHHM frpelrbHM 4e,\oM, ouoryhyje rannpy 4a ce nporypa Kpo3 rycTo pacrHrbe y cBoM ruyM_ cKoM craHurury. Ha rlaBr4 HMa KparKa, MecHara cyp,na rcojaje Hacra a 04 Hoca H )'BenaHe roprbe ycHe, Ha vr,rjerra apxy ce Haia3e Ho3apBe. Tanup Kopr4crt.l cBoJy Ma y, noKpeT,br.rBy myruny 4a 6u

(J4 r{err.tpu Bpcre rarrHpa, t pH }KHBe y Ueurpaauoj a JyxHoj Auepaqz. 4ox J-eAHa xttzBH y Jyror.rcrovHoj Asrzju. .bep4oB TanHp oozraBa y pa3Ho^hKl..tM ruyMcKHM CTaHHrrrTrlMa,MOqBapaMa ca MaHrpoBaMa H TpOncKHM rrpauryMaMa. flrarrutrcxz ranLrp (nosHar 14 Kao ByHeHr.r vtu aH4clxla) je Hajruarrrl u Kp3HO 04 OCTaIHX Tprl BpcTa, oHo ra rrrrLrru o4 x,la4uohe y Au4uwa, rAe )I<r,tBr4 y uryMaMa, npeKpuBeHnM Mar oM Ha BVcuHaMa 4o 4 500 uerapa.

Bpcre

uajpelu. On zvra4naxaeyr<oiy,4e6,re

r3y HeKu-M o6nacruna y Ko.riuYy" 6u1w, tlepyy ra Exea4opy. Epasu,rcxz ranrrp (z,lu jyxHoalrepaqKu ranup) je uajpacnpocrparbe_ Huja epcra, r<oja o6rzraea o4 Koayva Beueqye,ne 4o flapaneaja H flrzje -bpa3H^aHa.lyry. (z.rrl asujcxra) ranzp je flalajcrcz uajeeha r.rpasazxyje ce ol ocra^vx ro

HocoPo3r4 14 rAnuPn

6oj.r,r, nauue, oH uMa ruzpoxu noJac oKo rlpHor Te a.

6erru

Crarrnrura
Thnup ce rcpehe ca rbyruKoM6rrzsy na, BepoBarHo 4a 6u ouwpucao oKo LrHyrr oTKpLro MLlpprcApyrvrx TanHpa H npeAaropa. faH npoeo4rE, xprajyhH ce y rrryMaMa v rycroM pacrurby, a uohy Lr3ruazvr 4a 6u ce xpaHlro y o6,trExmerr,r fpMiby r.r^r.r TpaBHaTLTM oo^acTrzMa, Ay)I( peqHe o6aae. OH nace u 6pcru, xpaHlr ce TpaBoM, Bo4eHVM orr./beM, luurhena, nyno,brluMa, rpaHqnr1aMa H soheNaca Hr{cKopacryher rprr,r.,ra. Thnup je rrluBar{ rr poHr4larl rr BeAHKr,r Aeo BpeMeHa rrpoBo4r,r y peKaMa, xpaHehra ce BoleHuM pacrr,rlbeM rr H Yanajyhu ce y v,ytby 4a 6w ce oc,lo6o.4rro roniore u KoxHtrx napaeura. On je u o4.ruvaH nerbarr xoju ce ycnlrrbe y3 crpMe peqHe o6a,te rz nAaHuHcKe o6poHrce. Thnup ro4v ycaMJbeHHrrKH )r(LtBoT, oclrM KaZa ce napH. Thnup ce pa3MHo)Kara y 6raao xoje ro4t{rurbe Ao6a,a )r(eHKa pala noje4no M a4yHr{e Ha cBaKHX roAIdHy v rro Ao 4r,e. I{"a4a cy ceKcyalHo ys6yleuu, naprHepr,r quqe u crrKTe. fne xnoornme croje raKo 4a ce rrraea je4He AoAVpyJe ca peroM Apyre v EyruKa rrolHe opraHe oHe Apyre. {ox ro.rnue,

A Henpnjareru 6pasnncxor ranlrpaje = jaryap.Tanr,rpo- H Ba ourpa I rp,rBaMy g

lllTl,lTl,l BpaT. m

oHlr ce oxpehy cne 6pxe ra 6pxe. Ee6a rannp ce pala y 6es6e4uou ,rem,y. Ko4 CBHX uoeopoleuue -Bpcra, r4MarlpBeHKacToopaoH Kp3Ho,npouapaHo 6eaurr,r I,I I,I lKyrI,IM Tar{KaMa I,I npyraMa, rrrro ra nauyQ,r.upa y rpuryrueHoM cBer^y u ceHrIA Ha rxyMcKoM uy. Illape noqur+y Aa lrreAe v;aAa ranup HalryHH rprr Meceqa.Bojy oapac^or ralupa ce Aoovla ca oKo rxecr Meceun, a Hanyrxra uajny rca4a Aocrklt'He rro^Hy 3pe^ocT y Hape4He ABe Ao Tpu ro4vHe.

A Hohy yoqrbxBe 6oje uanajcror ranxpa Aenyjy Kao KaMyQraxa. [pxn n 6enn AenoB]rpyue o6puce oBe )KlrBoT]rlbelr noMaxy Aa ce
CTOI|UCa OKOtll,lHOM. cy Be HKH npupo4Hr'r pe3epBaTI,L IlranuHcrcn ranup r.rEep4oe ranvp cy HapoqHToyrpo)KeHr4.
.l

floconosu

La cBoJHM Be HKHM, 3.4enaCTHM Te OM, HOCOpOT HHJe CIIOCOOAH AA TpqH Ha

O.rvsarbe
liasHa nperu,a,'ca xojov ce ranvpu CyOrIaBaJy, Je yHulUTerbe rf,llxoBor cTar.larrrra, jep apnue xovnanuje npve TponcKe ruyMe 4a 6rz ce ysraja,tv yceBvr
HAI,I CTOKa, It^lr [AaBe 3oOI opaHa.

9ecro ra -loBe ne ea6aoe, pa4u Meca uau g6or BkrcoKoKBaHTerHe KolKe. ranupa nocrajy Cee npcre AvrBhr4x cne pefe z Hajneha lua4:a3a orrcrauaK

.4yre cra3e nonyT rbefoBof 4aieKor pofaxa Korba. On vrua I43yserHo rrBpcry, 4e6eay Koi(y nolyr oKlorra rcoja uy rroMaxe Aa rroAuocn r:,ailzp.e. Huje4Ha Bpcra, H3y3eBcyMarpaHcKor HOCOpOra, TOTOBO 4a HeMa 4 aKe Ha Kolxrz.Berrrzxamana 4eayje Kao nporyTelr<a Aa 6u rreroeo orpoMHo relo MOr O 4a Ce OC alba Ha npe4rbe Hore xoje uoce Hajeehn Aeo relr(HHe. Kaza ce npehe, uajnehr.r Aeo noroHa

TAIINP.

HEKMAIITT:bE U 4AHAIIL NPACYCTBO HOCOPOTA

Epasu.ncxumanup u aSpuuxu qpnu nocopozcyjeduxe epcme

ca uLaH,coM 3a oncmaH,a,K, uaKo

6poj u jeduux u dfuzux onada. Hocoposu ce no6e s6oz m,ecau pozoea xoju cy ua qeuu a6oz na eodnux m edut4uuc xttx ceojcmaea. Pemxo ea Hana3uMo u3aaH eatumuheuux o6nacmu. Tanupu Jtcuse ) ut)Mo6umuM cmavulumuma xoja ce, Hapoqumo na Cytwampu u B opney xpue anaptwaHmHoM 6ptunom. Hexe od oeux o6nacmu 6u nozne da nocrnaH) sautmuheue u ozpaleue xao q,^t aaH,a "tmoq,uurrna.

254

A Kocryp uxgnjcxor Hocopora.Knqua je xao ocoBnHa, ce a paBHoTe)Ka oApxaBa Ha npeAlbr4M HOraMa. )Oea pes6apnja y ApBery npuxaeyje 'oKron' nxgnjcxor HOCOpOra.
rroluqe o4 jaxux crpilr(rbnx Hory. I-IoBr{tIIe peoapa ()4 Apyrnx copo3Lr r.rMaJy KorrrzTapa - KapaKTepHcrl.rKa Kola ce cneqnjarHo pa3BH a 4a 6a re,lo Mor O 4a no4Hece ofpoMr{y rexHHy. )Ma.pa3cr.tjeHo vy,r.o Hocopor.aua tse( MHpHCa,noje uy ovor-yhana 4a ornpuje orracFrocr ua eeaunoj yAaLsenocru. On KOpr.rcTH Mvrpvc v 3a MelJycooHy vyxjax nauujy. Aor,turnurau rrorrayHvt 'o6e,rentu' rpaHHue cet-rje repHropraje ypnHoM KoJy nonpcKa rro rpMrty t4 r y, Be HKHM roMH aMa 6a,rere. rprbarbeM o 4peehe H rpMrbe H crpecaH)eM ocyrrreHor 6,lara ca re,ra HaKoH Ban arba. Hocopor HMa orxrpo qvlo clyxa. Byayhu 4a je xparnoBu4, Hocopor He MOXe 4a yoqr,r HeiloMHrrHy ocooy Ha yAa,tbenocrr4, eehoj o4 30 uerapa. HocoporoeH poroBu ce cacloje o4 Mace ruynJbHx Keparr4HcKr,rx BAaKaHa, c^rlrrHo Kao H 4 aKe, a He oA KocTlr Kao poroBH oBHoBa, roBela HALI aHTrr^orra. OHra cy nprzllrr{Ho c,ta6o cnojeHu ca rpy6zu Ze oM ,to6an'e. Ano ce por o4 oMLr, a3pacTe fIoHoRo.

A l-lpxu Hocopo3r4 nyryiy y KaAace rpynaMaoA 5 qnaHoBa; 2 na\y 3ajeAHo,o6t4qHoce pa4lr o Myx(jaKyr xeHKu nnn Majql4ca MnaAyHqeroM. pora qpHor vABa Berr,rKa Hocopora cy KoA MnaAyHuacaMo AennM],|qHo sopmupara. Kao Aeo puryana yABaparba, MyxjaK n x(eHKa craHy ienno Hacynpor Apyror n rypaiy ce poroBnMa.

. Tlrnnpu xcrrBecaMo y IJenrparrnoj u Jyxxoj Auepuqu u jyroucrounoj Aenju. Moxc4a cy raKo pacuopeferrrr saro ruTo cy eBoj[ynpaJ\u y BpeMe $a4a cy jyxcna Auepnxa u Aenja 6n;re cnojene y cyuepKorrrrrnent forr4nauy, Ta4a cy Mor rr Aa rrrnrprpajy upexo Korrna npe rrero no aro Pa3IrrTo cy ce r(oHTuHerrTH 4sojurrn. r Thnnpn Mrroro Bo e co ll rrpe.lage Be rrre paa4aJbrrne 4a6w jeuarrr.lrfi. r flexg npaucropnjcrrr rrocopoarr cy 6uln [nuoBn. Hajrehu og cBux je 6uo Indri,acotheri.um, uujla {ocu,ur cy npona[euu y Kaeaxcrary, Iterrrpa,rxoj Aeujn r. crapr cy 35 Mrr lloua ro4rrrra. Oao eanarryjyhe crBoperre je 6u"ro Bucoro cropo 6 MeTapa xo4 urrehru, 4yravro 8 Merapa u reruro oro 33 Torre uperco 4 nyra reircu o4 aQpauror cloua. I4.axo cy Aarrarurrrr rrocoposn Mn^rl y uopefeny ca 6rM v Earbe :KrrBornrbe. cy PelarrrBrro BeJvrrce . Serrn rrocoposu cy rrajnehn Korrnerrfl cncapu, noc;te a{pmrcor n aaujcror cloua, Bucsrre 4o 2 uerpa na nnehraua rr re)r(Erre4o 316roua. . f'4e cy ratrqpu u nocopoen yo6nvajenu, rbrxose peAoBHe crale Ka uojrny rr o4 rbera cy BeoMa yra6arre. oEeKa4 ux. KoPIIcTe urDrcerbePE Kag,anpoJercTyJyryTeBe.

copor-a 14 Ma O ce pas,r,rznyje 04 Bpcra rcoje cy )nr4Bele npe 40 MHIuoHa roZHHa. }{{HeH y lrlarrnrrcnuM rrparxyMaMa.

qlaHa llocroje lBa rrpex(LrBe^a _I'pyre Mamz asujcnrlx je4Hoporuix HOCOpora.

Je IIpIrMI'ITHBHIZ-|H, JaBaHCKH,HOCOpOInorxro Je c,\HrraH BpcraMa KoJe cy rrocroJaie npe lecer MH HOHa foAAHa. OH ulra noce6Hy BparHy n^oqy u Mo3aK Ha KolKt4. XheH y Haerljcr<rzu nparrly\4aMa. I4u4ujct<u Hocopor je
CKODO HCTC BC HTIIIHC KAO H OC IZ HO-

Aarajcxn Hocopo3n

Bpcre
04 ner Bpcra Hocopora, ABe ?finBe y AQpzqra, a r.pr4 y Asuju y rpu o4eojeHe rpyne, KoJecy y.4a eKoMcpo4crBy. Asr.rjcrz Hocopor je Hajcrapuju y eBo yrrrBHoM cMr{cly. Hajpauraje je eBolylrpao cyMarpaHcxu Hocopor (z,rr.r asujcxz ZBoporrz Hocopor),. nojrz je rr^aH cBoJe rpyne. frpe)+(r{Be^Lr JeAr4Hr4 ByHacrr.r Hocopor je z:yup.r.z q,l.aHu3 Eepoa:nje. CyvarpaHcrtz Hocopor je
npIiMHTttBHVJII OA CBLIX XtIzBLIx HO-

copor lberoea Ko]fia HMa us6o.rllFle Ha n,rehnava LI roplr'IrM 4e^oBrrMa HoI-y. )I{HzH yr aBHoM y MoqBapaMa ca Br,rcoKOM TpaBOM. fpyrru Halase ce ZBe Y rpehoj aQprlvne Bpcre, a o6e cy 4Bopore. Be,rn (z,r,z oHaj ca rrerBpracruM ycHaua) nocopor ce pa3Br4o cl4 npvMpITlIBnzjer qpHor Hocopora (z,tz Hocopor ca KyKacrrrM ycrrava) rrpe oxo ner MH I]oHocopor Ha ro4Lr:r'a. Upru 6pcrv ,Llrrrrhe v ir<r4Br4 y rycroM rpN4-,r,y.

255

HocoPo3l4 urAnnPu
rroqerxoM 80-ux ro4una 20. e. ,\oeoBelrixri 6poj HoKpatvqe cy y6raja,r,e copora, e6or nopacra ueHe Hocoporo04 3 aTa. Bor pora KoJzJe cltyrlJht4 Hocopof Hace-ibaBa vu4uja<u flanac cavro 4e,r.uh repuroprlje nojy je HeKa4 Hacrarbr{Bao. tr4tta ra y HeKoArrKo pe3epBara y npoBrrHrluju Acav y tr4u4uju u y HursaH HaqlzoHa HoM flapny y Hena"r.y. Ynpnoc nopacry 6poj nH4rljcttnx nooBoKpa4HLta, copora rocreneHo ce noeehaea. Hocopor BeoMa Zarcoje cyMarpaHcKll pacnpocrparbeH, caMo700 oncraje nao r43oloBaHenony,laquje y tr4u4ouezuju u Ma,r.esuju, a v'atrr. 6poj eeporarno PaeMHo)KaBarbe )r.larlz- Ha Thj,langy n y Mrljauuapy. Myxjan Hocopora nolHo He ca3peBa Teruno ie gautlzrurrr oBe xuBorvtbe npe 7-8 roAlalr'au He Molr{eAa ce r.apLl. o4,nouo"*puavga, jep.cy parrrrpKaHeHa a rbrzxoB opoJ orpoMHoJ TeprrToprzJrr, 4oK He le.anylnlzono 10 ro4zHa, jep MOpa 4a nOCTaHe 14 onana. Thrcole, nparuyMa y nojoj xuee 4OBo,LHoBeAnIJ.r4 cHarKaH na Cylrarpu u Eopuey ce ceqe a apcrape ,4a6u vorao Za r43a3oBe uyxjane u ocuyje corrcrBeHyreprrroMaHTHoM 6p:zHou. pnjy. ){{enrce 6e,tor n nH4ajcxor Hocopor - BepoBarHo Hajpelu Hocopora rpBe M^alyHqe uuajy ca 6-8 Hajeehz.oJ cBrrx Be vKux cucapa Ha fo4r4Ha,4oKr(eHKarIpHor Hocopora ce cBery - je jaeancu Hocopon Ca cavro pa3MHo?KaBa roArr:r.y gaua npe. Maa50-60 jearznrcu (sarnopeHvrx y Ma oM napKy, Y4uonr Ky,loHr; HaurzoHaAHoM AyHrlr4 ce palajy y 6n,ro rcoje 4o6a folr4He. tr4Hrepna,rn rzruef y ABa Ha rana4Hoj Jaen), oajeaHoca rpynoM nopofaja cy o6zvHo 2-4 ro4wne.Palla oa 2-7 rcoja cy HeaaBHonponalenz y ce caMo je4Ho M aZyHqe, xoje je Bujenrarr.ry,oH ce Haia3rz, Ha )I{a oc! pelaruBHo Ma o y o4Hocy ua uajrcy Ha I/IBII\U OnCTaHKa. cavo 4o/o IseHe TelKI4He. M,ra4ynve IJpHra uocopor je 6uo Haj6pojuuja r,rH4ujcxoru,ru 6eaor Hocopora o6uvBpcra. 70-ux u 80-zx ro4. 20. e. je Ho rprlu 6,tusy r,rcnpea vajxe.4orc rr.rna- aorruBeo MacuBHo ona4arbe. OA raAa 4yHqe rlpHor Hocopora KacKaH3a rr,e. cy sarurzheHa yroiruura y KeHujn M,ra4yuve ocraje ya uajxy 4yro noruro orraoryhr,r,r.a onoj npcru 4a.noeeha 6poj npecraHe Aa cvca, a Hanyura je vra.ro cnojrzx je4urtr<u sa 5% rolurxrbe. npe Hero rrrro ce po4rz c,r,e4ehe. Jyx*re pace 6eaor Hocopora, vaKo cMarbeHe Ha oKo 50je4raunz Ha noqerO.rysarbe ny 20. eexa, zrr,rajyKopr4cru 04 crpore Torcov 19. eeKa ty rp, acrzjcceepcre 3arxruTev aaHacvx.vMa ono ll 320. HeMrrlocpzHo AoBJbeHe. lo npaja 19. Jyxurz 6e,rz Hocopor ce [oHoBo eexa jyxHa paca 6error Hocopora je yBo4r4y MHore o6,r.acru nonyr EousaLr3 oB6eHa cKopo 4o rzcrpe6,rema. ne, 3zrra6a6uea v Mosar\a6una rle je IJpHor Hocopora cy y Kejny 6e,vr craHeKaZa oBreH 4o ucrpe6,rerra. tr4arco HoBHrzqunornyHo a6puca,rr,r. pacnpocrparbe70-wx u je uexa4a 6ltaa eeoNaa Cre epcre Hocopora cy ncrcrbyqriBrz eereraprzjaHqurauopajy Aa npo-)rrAr4py orpoMHe Ko^r.iqr4He rpaHe la 6w oAp}I{a"\rrTe ecHy Macy. HocoposraHe.Mory 4a ce ruoje na vrMaJy rpprcryr BOALI vt.^.vr YopuJy Aa o^aTy y KoMeMory AaceBatbaJy v raKo xlale. llpenpuaane 6,narou je napovrlro eQunacHo - 4e6e,torra c,rojy rpe6a npeKo caT BpeMeHaAa ce ocynfv v 3a To BpeMe 6aaro ancop6yje ron,r,ory us re"ra. E,laro BepoBarHo rrrrrrrri Hocopora n ol' Kpne/ba r4 Ball.rv,rojn orna4ajy xa4a ce 6,r.aro ocyruIz.

Cranurura

Ha, ceBepHa paca 6e-,lor Hocopora je 30or OBOKpaAI/Ua roToBo HCTpeOJbeHa 70-wx w norrerKoM 80-ux roauna 20. carr.ro 20 osux sera. fanac nocrojz )KrrBorprrba y laparlr6a HalrrroHaiHoM napKy y HP Konro.

Tanupu npnnoaoiy noponr/ruu Tapiridae. flocroie qetkpr,t Bpcrc y rotvtpoEy. Benuquna: 1,75 -2,4 uerpo Ty cnaaoiy: Eepnoe rcnup (Tapirus boirdiiJ Epawncxn ranup (Toppirusterrestris) ronnp (TapiruspinchaqueJ lTnonnxcxr,r lvlanojcxu runnp (Tapirus indicus) Hocopozu npunaaoiy nopoauuH Rinocerotidoe. llocroiu ner Epctdy qeuph Po4ct' Benu,aunol,6-5ilerapo Ty cnanaiy: Upnu nocopor (Dicerosbicornis) Eenu nocopor (CeratitgeriumsimumJ huauicxu Hocopor (Rhinoceros unicornis) JaaancxttHocopol (Rhinoceros sondaicus) Cyuarponcxuuocopol (Dicero rhi nus sumatrensis)

v'"
A 14xgr,ricxu
HMa HOCOpOT Befl[Ke Ha6ope, o6ere)KeHe nrbocHarnM Ha6oplrMa.

.=
256

{ Eenr Hocopor je xajeefiu o4 cBr4xHocopora, ca Ayxl,rHoM rena Ao 5 n,I. ox nua n HajBehr por Koil4KoA BeoMa crapor MyxiaKa Aocrl4x(e Ao 2 rrrerpa.

Marapqu KoFbvt, u 3e6pe

E -tP o o

e
6 '6

6 I

IIpe uempdecun Mrutuowrzoduu, - Kotbu, nptrwdt+ut4unapodw4e Korba - c, flcueetnr n6pe u m,azapt4u Mr cBnM KoHrnunafinrliua oam ) Aycmpanuju. Hcmnnumt, htatau Korbu autrrztu rwcmoje,nada cy ee6pe u *neapqu npexueenuy Afiputau u Aeuju.

A Hyaenu 6enn xorun y cnaHltM y Qpaxqycxot'it MoqBapama Kauapry cy noroMqr,r Aonaafirx Kolba, ann cy eeh eeroeui,ra AUB,Ibn.

V ) Kocryp
pvna4rrLlrJvt nopoArrrle Korba rluajy ayravKy r aBy rd Bpar lr BHTKeHore. Ovn cy HM cMerrrTeHe Ha 3a4rreM 4e"ly "to6ane, urTo rlM ovroryhyje urapoK yrao rleaaFba,ajarce Br4ALrrIeV 3yOIdCy HaMerbeHVrlpepa/'pr orpoMHHx KoAHrrHHa xpaHe. Oa cavor fioqerKa rbuxoBe eBolyqr,rje, npuna4Hrl\u rropo4r.rrle Korba vMaJy Ayx{e yAoBe, HaMerbeHera oIIaparoy.flpez Korbu cy uMara uo qerrzpt4 vrAu Tpr4npcTa Ha cBaKoMcTorrztiy,a v cy ce cfIo,baIIIrbHrrocTeneHo cMarbr4Bar4, rrvMe je croua-lo nocraja"to laKrrre rplr rpr{arby. flawarou.rcuxorcu xo4ajy na je4Hor.r npcry.-Io rzr',rornloryhyje 4a OplKe rpr{e u nooerHy oA rpe4aropa. Aarajcxr,r Ar4BJbvt Maraparl Moxe 4a rprrra AaHaulber Kolba TOKOM KONUTA BeKOBa,OA

paeeoja u cnr,rKe

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{ Vo6ravajeHe uape Ha pa3nuqrr]4MBpcraMa3e6p]i. c fleBa Ha gecHo cy rpeBlrieBa, Xapruaxoea nraH[HcKa,AaMapalt l-panroea 3e6pa. I Kaga ce 3e6pe yApyxe, npyre Kao Aa lrM ce cTone h raKo ce ry6n rpaHrr{a il3Meby jegnnxn, urro npeAaToplrMa oTexaBa lr3ABaialbe Moryfie x(prBe. V Eop6a ABa MyxjaKa 3e6pu. Ilpucycreo nacryBa je goeoruxo Aa ce ocra.nn Mpr(iaqu Apxe no crpaHn. Ko6nnn je saurura norpe6Ha y ce3oH14 naperba.

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Kp4OCeCTanaCaMpKUMuryMaprlr,rMa y caBaljl"jH He Molr(eTarrHoAa ce oApe4vr o6pzc r(uBorurbe. 3e6pe lalataAa He Koroh, uoropur,nr re6pe nprnoaoiy noponraur,r noxyuaeajy 4a ce caxpHjy, rra npyre Equidae. flocroirl0 epcro y iennou pony. Moln4a vMaJy ApyraquJy - ncnxo^orxKy Pornhvure cy BenhqhHe, og 2 u, xonlxoie <pyunqzjy. flpzrueheuo je 4a npyracrw gyroqoK orfpxvxr,t Moropoq [o 2,75u, ronnxo [pe4MeTr,r flpuB^aqe 3eope - oHe rrx fpeerieoo re5po. ie nyro.xo noeesyjy ca curypHorrhy Iz 6ea6e4Honhy npaa. Tycnonoiy: llpxcroncu ron Kourynr.rrcagnja ut ooballu t przcwal d<il lEqu llpnna4ulrqu rropo4rrrle Korba cy yBeK loMofrl xor Ha onpe3y v uMaJyorxTpo rry o MLrpLllEqwcobollwl ASpr,ru ltqropoq ca H c yxa. OHrzce or,raruaeajy Ha pa3lEquwohiwnuc' arrprre HarrvHe. loeop rela Hrpa Arricxxmoropoq Be HKy y^ory y nouynzxarluju. Ys6yhcnionul| lEquus Ho3ZpBe4a 6w 4o6po f enrz norr rnr4ppr Pornrropcro re5po ovrLlpucao crBopelbexoje raje y3HeMHlEquwhu'dtellil purro. 3ayaen[ru zseajeHy no3y, oH, llnouncxore6po ycrBapri, nocranyje vrAr4)Ke ce.To npnzebral lEqws B aqA fla]Krby apyrtx r<orsa. xoju r,refporiero rc5po 4ajy uaoxo,r,o, rpancehu pa3lor - npelEqwsGrcvyfl AaTOpAIlAr4 rIaCTyBayn e3a. 6p:raHou 4o 50 xrr,r Ha car. llocroje rprr Bpcre se6pu rr oHe HMaJy pa3^rlr4rlTut pacnopel npyra. OeHaxe HM BepoBarHo rroMarxy 4a ce naelyco6no npoHaly H orraoryhyjy x4pe6a4w 4a upenoenajy uajne. llpyre cy yoqnvBe ua 5tttsutty, a Ha Atur,u:uy 258

Ilpxeea.tcnlr Kolb - je orrcpuBeH y cypoBHMMoHroIcKr{McrenaMa. Iberoe H 3 y M p ^ H p o l a r c . r a p n a H .j e H e r a 4 a )KHBeo y ncro,ruoj Eeponvt u sana4at5 cy H3y3erHo ycnerrHrr ,A.suju. frauac peKoHcTpyr4caHH TaprraHH. Komrl. MarapuH r,rse6pe Mory Aa npe- -)KHBe y o6,racrzva r4e je rzcnaura cla6or nea,\urera, cBe4orcje uvay uso6unf. Aa 6r.rnperxlreelu Ha HeKBa r,rrerHHM fIaIUIbaqI4Ma, KOrr'A Ce XpaHe CBe

Crarrnurre
llpnna4nugnMa nopo4uue norua je norpe6na rpaBa, atu o.u:z)nrrBe y pa3j\r4rrr4Tul^/I cTaHVIIITt'rMa 04 fIpOII aHaKa

BpeMe. Onu cy cralHo y noKpery H norpa3rz 3a xpaHoM. Haxa,rocl xpaHa To rrKo 6pso npo,u3r{ Kpo3 Te o 4a ce xpaHrbrrBeMaTeprrJe He aflcopoyJy TaKo 4oopo Kao y. )Ke^yqy npexnBapa nonyT foBe4a, Je,\ella vAI-j aHTr,r^ona. llprlna4nrzqu ropoluqe Korba cy .4pyrrrrBeHe )KuBorvlbe. Kp4a ce cacroje o4 cecrapa, rnrajxr.r rz hepxrz, a Ha oKyny ux 4pxe npzjare,tcne u polavKe Be3e. Ifrzxoea norpe6a 3a apyrrrreouje ro,ruxojaxa 4a ce 4onrahr.r Korbri, roju ce 4pxe o4eojeHo, rrecro cnprljaTeJbe ca KpaBaMa, Ko3aMa H IZ lraK cBH-

Ao caBana 14cyBr4xnpepraja. LIva ux y yMepeHrzM tr rponcxr{u o6,tacruua. floc,Le4mu npell<rrBelz Al,z'e,r,r4 Korl -

rsava. Ceojy npuBplKeHocr nor<a:yjy TaKo rxro ce uelyco6uo ruyultajy u,ru TrzMapeH noBpeMeHo 4ozusajy. Komz, paBHzarapcKev rr aHLrHcKe se6pe xrune y ropo4zrrHzM rpynaMa, cBaKy r-pyny npe4Bo4H nacrye rcojn

{ Oen AoMafix Kofbl,t, Ca yOqrbl,lBOM npyroM Ha nebilMa, cy noToMqll Al,rBrbeF rapnaHa. V flpxeaancxn xoru je 3Aenacr. Teno uy je mpxo, a Hore lr rpxBa ramHujn, nutu Ha Kolbe ca nefinxcKux qprex(4.
qyBa )KeHKe04 r4HTepecoBarba Apyrr4x nocrojrz r'ayxjarca. .M.by .)Ke_HKaMa crpora xzjepapxnja. Hajnrzure paHrupana o6uuno [pey3r4Ma nofcrno,4ox nacryB HMa 3aurHTHHr{Kynotwunjy y 3arre,byrpyne u^u ca cTpaHe.

qujy. fpyna ocraje saje4no uajerarue uryxjarlrz HeKo 14 Ko Mecequ. Ycar,,r",ieHu o6e,nexaeajy ceoje replrropuje roltzvrJaMa 6arere w uuajy eKcK y3nBaH rrplrcryn )KeHKaMaKoJe npo^a3e Kpo3 max. Mrra4z rrayxjaqrav.crapwju flacrynu oQoprvrexp4a 6es rrceHrll. 9oeer je ycneo Aa ynpo'tr caMo 4Be Bpcre rr3 rropo4rzrle rcona. To cy AoMahrz rcon u aQpuvrcz AprBr'vtMarapaq. Xuma4atra roal4Ha Korrli cy ce KoprrcTl.j-r'.vr 3A TpaHc[opr parHI4Ka y oI,ITKeI4 crrMMO)K4a Cy rz3TOf pa3^Ora nocTa 14 clyra. 6orrprrtrohu 14Kopt4cHlrlx CerrexrueHl4 ysroj roxou MHoro reHeparJzjaje crBopno HoBe Bpcre Korba3a cnerluja.ure cBpxe, Kao ruTo cy rpKatIKI,I

flpo6-rreuarrrqHrr rracryBrr
Heeo.;e ce jan,,najy xa4a nerca'no6u.la 4o6zje repane vtv.raAalaltzp.vt nacryB oAyr{H 4a npey3Me AolMvHauvJyHaA TIe HM Kp4oM TaKo ruro he ce 6opzrr,r ca crapujurr.r rracryBoM. floHena4 oH auraxyje v Apyre Mlale nacryBe Za My noMorHy y xpafu rco6u,re. {,otasu 4o arpecrrBHr4x pvTya^a nonyT ucrryrrTarr,a 6aa.ere Ha LrcroM Mecry, Ixro Mo)r(e ga 6yae aoBo,bHoAa ce 3aularue yn,esrl. Xape6aa ce pala ^errr r,r y poKy oA . Je4Hor cara yc^raJyHa Hore H Tpqe. I4aKo no.rurby Aa nacy rrocle HeKoAlrKo HeAeJba, uajvzHo MAeKor.rlrje norpe6Ho 14 Ao 13 ueceqrz. Ka4a nocraHy nolHo 3pele, agolecrIeHTHeKOOr4 e Ha[yurTaJy nopo4ur\y y xojoj cy polene Aa6uux npurpa6znz M^M! nacryBr,r r<oju je4ea venajy aa ocHyjy concrBeHo Kp4o. O6Lr.rHo v'AaAlanacryBlr uanyrurajy vrajne u cecTpe npe rrolHe 3pelocru 4a 6z oQopMH rr rpyne Mia4rzx nacTyBa ca 4PYfr4M nacTyBuMa, a^vr noHeKa4 oTaq
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A MycraHgn yrnaBHoM x14Be Ha jyrohcroKy CAfl-a. floromqu cy yBe3eHlrx .[rasmra Korbn lloc r oje Mrr()r'c l)ace ,,1lrr,rbnX ri()rr,:r eBponcKhx Ii<lju cv rro(lcr:,rrr oJ rr()lrcrian ca/lir AOMafiUX Kohba.
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;+illuc f Aril|I>illtH UIltlx)M (:rJc l a. M r < - r t u : l n . t t oj u x n r ' a : rr r l r . j 1r i ) n ( t ( ) t i l C A / [ - 4 . ( \ r ( ) r ( ) \ 4 u H r i o r r , ar i r l j t ' r v llluarrqr.r Jorrl)eNru,lu v IIoeH (lrlcr. Kacrruje cv Mrrore vXBiri'nAr{ H vril)(rlr'r,ur llrrTlnjanrln, lraporrilr() HIJrrlcMcrra Nloxori. Y (rpirrrqvcnou ltaruapn' 6c-,rrr riorbu Tp?/r.rrll.loHaAH{) rrace,{,allaJ\1 CAZHe MOqBZrPe, 4OK cv eHl'r\ClcIiH trorrnjn H3 [by (Dopecla r.r l1ap'r'rvvlta xLlltJbt4eeh Hcrtrl,\Hlto x H,/ba4a f o4x r ril.

r,.<16H,re ca o4a6ParrHM lr:rcr'\jrifrM:ica lial)lllil'ePilC]'l I liaN{a.'UI l}.{,el-Tal)l Ial Ia.

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P:rurruqapc:riu rre6pa -jc ,vo6u.rajcrra y, u c :r o v n o j A < p p r . r q r r ,a , v r n - ^ a n r r r r c r i a lle(r1tanpe;rinrJ-,,bABa caM() \/ r'rar1rorra.\HnNr napN()uulla. florn'-rartrrj.t I pes r rj c e e s e 6 1 r c j e , 1 c r : c lrtoearra rr(Jof , l ( ' l t i t u a H . \ ( ) l t ( ) t i l ) a 4 n l (t i'jrr rrllr,4ajr ir cnvuo rreHv noal'. Y 1!). u. neala. g,rarOvyname rrri trpaorr se(rpa ca lrl)\/r'aMalr:r r)\aBil, I4auo cv JoMafiH Korbn BeoNra rteclrr, Bl)alv r{ carruiuaje 6n,ra eeor'ra rrccla,v A(lpnr1u. Oea npc'r'a ce ()unla Ar4gtH Korba c)/ vrpo;+ierr14.llpxeea,l.jv;Nrrclj crin rioFbje je4nna npe()c'r'a\a npc:r'a. )' s6ol N,reca u ri()i+ie4ori 1880.Hrrjc nlvnM o H r ) \ ( N H V ( t ( n a \ l a r a j e o n i l ) H L ) p,ra. C)cr.a-recv ca-\ro r 1,rurpororparpuje rIoJr,crriH ucrpar*iHBau lIp;xeea,rc:nu / i H r t o r H n r A , r H j e x H . r , e 4 ej e . t H r r r , r c 1 ' 1879, a y AnBroLrHrl urlje nrlllerr o4 Hexa4a rvMapale caBarraMa.2006. rje 1968. MelvrrlM, aoolorxrin BproBr.r r.rx o6jae,neuo 4zlrpeha u (rc'TBprarerrepaqnja Hs npolpaNra rroHoBrror crBal)arba epaf-rajv r, 4auac o4rajajv n vcneuno v Morrlorruju. Iieponcxrl 'r'apReoMa;\Hrrlr il? cBoJe u3vNrp^e nPelKe. ArrBrbr4:ay naII .je r.r3yMpo y 18. e., a H npe lrel'o Malapr1n c-v uena4a 6r,r,ru tnsnv. r u r o j e H e c r a ( )r r i p r u r a r rj e ( a p a 3 . \ n ' t H - qecl'H v trItqu.jn, a\u c\/ ()HH rro4\oi+iHH THM rlpcraMa 4ovrahux norla. KoH:leprioje npeHoce 4or,ratru 6o,recrrllra BarlHoHIzcTH c\, froHOBo c'ftsopulH oBOr \4lral)un H li()FLH J.a r r a c H x j e r r c r a n o Korba, TaKo tu'r'o cy rlapfi r,r o4abpaHe oxo 2000 BDc'ra. 260

r Masre cy Hacr:r e yrprurarbeM Marapqa u xo6ule. HaxcaIOCT, Ma3re Cy CTepniHe n He

Mory 4a pabajy xc4pe6a4. flosHaTn cy rro TBPAor aBocTn. r AQpuvrcu nu.BJl,Lrruarapaq je npe4aK A,allarrrrbHx rrprr[Irro)Iturn y M-/beulrx Marapaqa. Corua;rnju, Euronuju u jyxcxou Cy4auy. . Hajseha npcra 4ouaher Kot6a je rurajepaq, rcoju je nucorc Bnrrre <r4 1,7 u. Hajuarba Bpcra je @a"ra6e",ra rroHu, nojn je Bncox rerc 70 cru. o 3e6purru xn6pu4u ce crBapajy y rrerrrM 3ooBp"oBuMa, alJ\rr rrx HeMa y 4ur,mra.wv. Y BarorreHHrrrrnyo se6pe ce yrplrlrajy ca ApyrrlM BpcraMa, yKr6yvyjyhn Maraprler Kor6e, rra qaK rt aeuj crn,4raB Jbrr.Marapaq.

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Kauz"ra, xojaje najezruz cvcap nanKap, uMa yneqaTtbvBe Ayfe Hofe r{ 4yraqaK e par V-npoQ r4ta, v3Ay AreHy rlaBy, a per joj je pe,naruBHo Kparar<. Eoja 4 aKe Bapripa o4 6paoH 40 rrp,baBo cvBe, a xo4 6anr plrjaHcKe KaMvle. 4,ra ra je noce6no ayraarxa roKoM 3r.rMe y npe4e,ty rlaBe, Bpara, rp6e ra 3a4lbr{x Hory. cy MHoro JyxHoanaepHqKe KaMe lz.Ae Malbe tl4 KaMHAa r.rsCrapor ceera. Cee nlrajy pe,larr,rBHo lyfe Hore u BparoBe, a f^aBe cy HM Marbe ca Ay)r.vrl|.l yrurzMa Hero rrrro rzuajy rr,uxoen aQpoasujcxz

AAATTTATITTJA HA rrycTr4lby
Kaiuu,ra rrMa Ayre rperraBur4e u Maae AAaKaBeyrun r[To ie rururn oA KoBrrraaqa rrecKa, a rrosApBe y o6,rnry rrpopesa Moz(e Aa sarBopu. Telo xaunre ocaana ce Brilue ua jacryuuhe ca Aorbe crpaue Korrrrra rrero na caMa Korrrrra, a oBrr iacryynhn saie4no ca onr{Ma Ira Ho)rcmrrurrpcrrrMa r{M rroMaDKy Aa ce aaKo xpehy uo MeKOM rrecKy. Kanrlr.ra uorxe Aa otrcraue ca BeoMaMaao ro4e. fla4 ca cBarxe HosApne xa ropnoi ycnu, ouoryhyie Aa ce Blara lls Eoca troryrrfi ycnaMa. )Knrornma, raxofe, .ryoa EoAyraro rtrro us6a4yie qa nsuer, a 6y6peen cuanyiy Ao rmxrrr!ryMa ry6nrarc ro4e npeKonrffra.Kanrurranron<eAarrpexuBnnranaxno4exoinrrperraen4Onpo4enara rDeEereaecrre re)r(nEe. IbeEa re,recna reMrreparylra roKoM Aarra Mo)KeSxauaixo Aa rropacre npe Hero mro rroqne [poqec snoiena - uapaBrro ro ce He AertraBacBe He AocrnrEe naiuane 40'C. AoKTeMrreparylraBaBAyxa

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KAMr4nE 14 flAME
) Ha aeoMa eenrxoj xa4naopcxoj encntu ra rojoj nepyaHcKa oBqa je orexaxo s6or
MarbKa KnceoH14xa. Kpa nepyaHcre oeqe je aAanTupaHa Ha e$uxacax yxoc xuceoxnxa,jep nMa Heo6yt,{Ho Benuxu 6poj KpBHr4x 3pHaqa.
rajyhu ce no'rly r,rMOry 4a ce npehy 6psrluou 04 oKo 65 nnaua car. [,*tu ma 6an'rnpjaHcxa KaMrr a rr(HBH y Ma^HMrpyraMa 04 oKo 20 uyxjana,
X],lB1,l, AnGalbe Aouahulr noroMur4Ma rBaHaKa. Aarraecy ce yBeK rrpHMapHo KopHcTr.iie 3a flpeHornerbe roBapa u Aanre vMaJy Ty yAory y AH4uua. A.rnarca noja je 3aMeHr4 a aMy nao najea;xH wju 4ov,ahw,rauor44, ce AaHac ceIeKTHBHo raJr,r3oor EHHr,rJe ByHe Hero KoZ 6rzno noje Apyre ,(LlBorririe. Z nepyancrca oBrra ri rBaHaKo cy ce Zocra oBH H BeKoBHMa ynasa4 s6or xoxe H Meca. Kaaa je y 16. sercy Ltl.lBHwsarJuja ZHna npona^a cMarpa ce 4a je 6uao oxo 1,5 Mvlr.roHa nepyaHcKr{x oeaqa; 1967. ro4une je 6u,ro Marbe ot l0 000. a AaHac ce cuarpajy yrpo,+ieHor'.1 BpcroM. Crpore Mepe KoH3epBaquje ce cnpoBole nocle4rbrrx 4eqeuuja re ce 6poj oBHx )nuBorr4*,ay Ar4BnuHV noeehao.4oK rBaHaKoonc'raje caMo v garurvrheHr.rM pe3epBarHMa. Kalau"ne cy yBeK 6u"r.egaxFre roBapHe )r(HBOTHrbeH r4Ma^e Cy BHTaAHy y^Ory y oncTaHKy rroBeKa y qHTaBoJ oo^acTu cBof pacnpocTr.jparba.

b Q i, p ti E d

PaarvrrroxcaBarbe

Kanrnre MoryAa ce pa3MHolxaaajy rorcov rII,ITaBe foAVHe, a,l.n ce napebe o6u-rHo lemaBa rano Aa v'Aa4la 4oly ua cner i{ieHKH, H rbv xoBHx M^a/ux. Ka'/:a cy 6u,rxe y nepuo/y MaKcHMa^Hor flepyaHcxa oBua r{ rBaHaKo o6nqHo paanoja. fee xnnornrt,e ce nape y e,.nrzBey Ma hM craAVMa y r<ojun,ta curl xteheu noaoxrajy 14HaKoHrecraqzje o4 q aH.oB14 rtory 6urn vvxjaur.r nn.u je4an pala ce t auo je4uo rranaoxo l 3 Meceun. MyrfiJaK Ha AeceT i+ieHKHca cBoJHM IIozyFrqe.M,r,aza;xueornrca je 4o6po parToMclBoM pasluqaror y3pacra. My;+tjan eujer-ra H npeKpHBeHa MeKoM, ByHacroM 6y4rro rrocMarpa oKo^HHy a 6,rejr.r 4a / aKoMKaJa ce po4v,a voxte c"ro6o4no 6rz ynosopuo cn<lj xapeM Ha onacHocr. npBor 4aua.Y 4oAaxoAa eeh npajerra TepulopHja rze i+it4Be ce Je H Ha o6uahun ycIoBHMa,MAaAu o6zqHo cucajy gaHa,4ox je y Anumunw oual AaCl-:]aCnaRarI'e, noja je o6rj.rHO FraBHAo roAt4Hy ureM uaBoy a <l6,nacr r4e ce xpaHe t,t rze rrepuoABepoBaTHoJoru uecT MeceqH 4ycla4() rrpoBorrl sehu 4eo AaHa. xrz. flornyrro ca:peeajy Ha y3pacry 04 ner ro4rlHa.Y AlaBtvHV nepyaHcKaoBrla Xpana ce napu or Mapra ao anpHla u pa\ajear\e\,IllAe (e XpaHe CKOpO cBHM pacHor noroMKa I I n,receqz xacHuje. Tr,rFbeM noje ycrreeay nyc'rurbn,yK6yfsaHana, aMe H a,lrlaKe o6raqHo vvjvfin n 6og,u.rnaee 6n,tne u c^aHo rppabajy noje4Ho M aAyHqe cBaKe tpyre vrne nojeje o46ojno sa eehnHy apyt'Hx roAVHe HaKoH recraqujcrcor nepno4a ,+ir4norurba. Ano cy MHOrol aAHeMOr-y ot 342-368 talg'a. :aje4Ho ca Kocrr,rMa Aa ieny u eruraHe H Ko;{ioM. Kauenn4e r{ qoBeK fvro vory aa H34pi(e aKo He paJe. 4( ) 4e( e'r Meceqrl,6el eo4e. xojv Kalae,lz4e cy yBeK 6n,ne ropucHe troHa4oMecre rrpeKoxpaHe.Melyrrznr,naBeKy Kao roBapHe )KHBorhrbe h sbor rrpHAHKa, Mory 4a rrorrujy Meca, BvHe v M eKa, 9arc ce Iz FbIzxoB 4a ce yKa)+(e olp()MHe KO H.{HHe so4e o4je4nou, H3MeT KOpHCTHKaO rOpHBO. rrari H Br,r[recu 100 n"rapa. Aaua u nepyaHcKa oBua ce cvarpajy
I

{ Karunrue cronaro ce cacrojr,r oA ABa

pO KO nOCTaBtbeHa lll 1,1

npcTa h erlacTltqHe,

jacryvacre noAnore, npeKp[BeHe po)KHarnM iegnurtn cfloleM oAo3Ao. r' 36or rora

xMaiyoc-

noHarl
HA ME. KOM

necKy.

Kauu,re cy ABonpcrtr rouurapn rojn nuajyje4nar 6poj npcrnjy na craroj rrosu !r cna4ajy y pe4 Artiodactyla u rropo4nrly Camelidae. Bpcre KaMuIa n4Be Crapor cnera: .{poue4ap rlJur aparrcKa KaMula (Camelus dromedarius) Eartpnjaucrca KaME^a (Camelius bacfrianus) Bucnna ca rp6ou:.qo 230 cM rco4 o6e Bpcre. flocroje rrerrrpn Bpcre jy:rnoauepnvKrrx KaMeIr{4a as llosor csera: flepyancxa onqa (Vicugna vicugna) fsauaro (Lama guanicoe) Jlaua(Lama glama) A,rnaxa (Lama pacos) Be,rnrsqa: o4 96 cu y rrpe4e.lry paMerra KoA rrepyaEcKe oBge 4o 120 cM Kog ^aMe. locroje

t'lx'

.( Cxener ApoMeAapa. Kauune,r naMe lrMaiyno ABa npcTaHa HoraMa. Mnorr Apyrlr cncaplf, apTltoAaKTnnn Koir4rMaiy jegnar 6poj npcruiy nr,raiy pyAHMeHre Apyra npcTa. ABa HO)KHa

JeneHvtrilafl?ffi"ne
aHrnrulone, xao u uesepanue u Jeneruu, uecnpemue rcupafie, cy nanxapu u npunadajyzpynunpemuaapa. Jedan od ,btuesln( qernupuJrcenw q)6& rut 6psuuynpoeymany xpawy,xaja ce xacnujenoHoloepahn, y ycma
da 6u ce caltca&Kuut.

) XrapaQa nMa ourap eug, a g6or n ogn]rqHoBHAHo caoje BtacnHe norbe. Oee Aee KapaKrepncrnxe je qr4He KoMnn14KoBaHoM roBl4HOM 3a qaK h 3a raBoBe. npeAaTope, V flopxac ra3ene )Kr,rBe Ha ceBepy AQpuxe n Cay4njcxe Apa6nje n cy BeoMarpaqr,ro3He. flpern nn ncrpe6ruerue,jep cy xprBe noBa.

ocroju 36 epcra je"a,eHa, noju 'Kr{Be rxrzpolr Eepone, Ceeepue AQpnne, Aeuje, Ceeepue ra Auepune. YseseHrzcy u y AycJyxne rpa,tujy z HoeH 3e,raH4. JerreHncy jeanan cvcapv rcojn ltaajy pa3rpaHare poroBe Ha raaeu. Ko4 Bpcra cauo rrayxjauvcy ca cKopo cBr,rx poroBHMa.Onn zx cBaKel-oaaHeoA6arlyJy, rz3pacTaJy r4MHoBrz,rpeKprrBeHr{ noja ce noc6apruyuacrou rraarepr,rjou TerreHo ocyuvt rr oTrralHe 3oor Tp6arua. Myxjaura je,reHa xoprzcre ceoje poroBe Aa 6u ce 6opra,ru y ce3oHr,r naperba. }Itenr<a je,leHa ce Ha3r{Ba Kouyra, a M aZyHqe - aHe. XeHna cpH4aha je cpna, a M a4yHqe raxole ,rase. 3a cBe ocrale Bpcre Kopvtcrr,rMo A3pa3euyxjax, xeHKa r,rMladyHqe.

E -9 o O
l

c N

o o c 'o E o I

) Cpx4ahra nuajy
peflaTlrBHo Mane poroBe ca r{BopHoBar}rM n3pacflhHaMa 6nnsy KopeHa.

Tpu urnruxaxa pory cy cBaKoM

Tlrn]4qHa3a oBy

A Oranr je xannx lr3yMpnoi KparKoBparoi )(l,tpaQn, Koia ie )KrBera y EBponlrnpe B14ue oA 10

Ml,r'|l4OHa rOA14Ha.

Bpcry. Cpnaafi nplrnaAa nopoAl,rqlr aMep14qKor jenena, uaxo

BHluE HE X}IBE

.9 o

y Auepnqn.

!.lenEHu,

xnPAoEt4AHTl4ronE
) Opnxcje eennra aHTltnona ca ca6rbacrlrM poroBlrMa, AyraqK[McKopo 1,2m. Xnan y jyxnoj Caxapu, AQpuqr u rcroqHoi Caysrjcroj Apa6ujn.

JerreHll o6u.ruo lrnBe y Be-tr-rnr,rM KpArzMav IyTaJy 04 MecTa 40 MecTa y rrorpa3r4 3a xpaHoM. Xpane ce KopoM Jpneha, fiyflorrlraMa, Lr34ar,rlvrMa kr azruheu ca rpM"6a u 4pneha.

Enponcrur n Asnjcrcn jerrenu

fee Hajveurhe epcre jerrena y EeponH cy Ma 14 jerren ronarap, BLrcoK oKo Merap 40 Bpxa q"*"" 14 rparluo3Ht4 upeenu je.reu, rcojuje nracox 1,2rra. Je"reu onarap ncr{Br{ y Aur'tbvrleLry jyxuoj Enponu, Typcrcoj n ceBepoaana4noj A<ppzqu. Y cenepnoj Eeponr,r ra Fpnraunju o6urasa caMo y napKo-

Bpcra { Fepexyx, ra3ene, HMa TaKo Ao6py paBHorexy Aa Ce N Aa MOX(e S ycnpaeuHa3aArbt,tm a Aa ce H HoraMa, caMo .EnpeAlbr,rMa o npuApxaBa. V lnaee oenx aHT,rnona cy y npuKa3aHe npu6nnx(Hoj cpa3Meplr, og KparbeBcKe aHTlrrone Ao orpoMHor enaHAa.
KPAJbEBCKA AHT}IAONA

=
o o

cyrnra vruvr MoqBapHr,ruu4ujcxu je.r,en. xojrzje rexaK H 40 Jou eehuje cavr6ap, y kIu4uju, lllpn AaHqu, 320rcq H<vrBvr jyro-ucrouHoj Aszju, Knnv n na (Du"tunrauzua. Je4an o4 uaj.nemuux je,neuaje ancvc vrt;z rreraBrz je.reu us LIu4uje u IIIpu Aauxe, xoju zlra 6e.ne nere na rlpBeHKacTo-opaoHI a\vr r*,raurqex je Cuhyrunu uu4ujcxu BI4coKcauo 50cu. OH ce rrecro Ha3r,rBa je.neuolr rcojz,taje,jep My r ac ^H.IH Ha ncehrz. Poroeu cv uv cuhvruHu. aiu ce 6pauu orrrrpt4M uapbr.axroea. Je4Hano Je4an o4 najpe[zx je,teHa je je,reu oqa flanu4a, Ha3BaHuo je4uola Ml4caoHapcKoM cBerureHktKy, upBoM EoporrnauzHy nojz ra je yne4ao. Y po4Hoj Kunz je ucrpe6,ren 1900. r, arrz, cpehou, nojnoga Ee4Qopaje uuao Kp4o KoJ Bo6ypua
MUI LIJe Iz KLIHecKkI BOAeHV Je eH.

nuua. IJpnenz jea,err lr<vrBvry AuBJbvtrl;u y eeheu 4e,ry Erpone, ceBepo-BarraaHoj A<ppuqz, r4e ce Ha3r,rBa 6ep6epcrcu je-nen, uy l4pauy. Y Aanouujn H ceBepHrrM JeAoBraMa Pycnje HpBacH cy uajnaxnnje )KHBorume. Onrz uuajy ronro, a,,taxaBo Kp3Ho npeKo de6e,,ror ca,oja carra, xoje zrrl orvroryhyje Aa no4Hecy apKrnKy x/\a4uohy. Cronarra q vtMBeALrKa, 6aur xao qLIne e 3a CHeE a HA fiAfr\vtua uvajy ornrpe r.rBr{rle noje cexy lre4 Kao K xBa-rbne. I?1je ce a6or vrrrexa,Ko)rce v Meca. Hajnehu o4 cero<je,tena^je enponcxn aoc, rcojn je er,rcon oro 2 rraerpa. Orr )KLIBr,r yT aBHOM y rurrpoKo^vrclrvrM
IIIyMaMa, MoIIBapaMa LI TpeCeTHIIM 3eM-

IUTAHUHCKI,l
CKAKAII

.il,vtrrrruMa. I4ua ra y Ct<au4uuayuju, racro.rnoj Eeponrz w Cw6upy Y asujcrcejerreHe crr4a eeararcu 6apa264

je4rrax

{ Xenygaq npex}rBapa }rMa '{er[p}| Aena. Tpaea, cBapeHa noMofiy 6axrepnja lr3 6ypara ll rr,rcraBr{a,ce Bpafia y ycTa }l xBafie. 3arnrurce ryra u npena3lr y Kanypy 1,r cHplruJre360r npo6aBe.

cy orpoMHe, norryT e^aHla I4 cy Br4coKe cxopo 2 rtrerpa, goK cy Zpyre Mzr e, Kao KparbeBcKa aHTrr^ofla, BrrcoKa caMo 25c*r. Behrasa aHTvlorra )KvtBvt y AQpuqrl, rrMa krx u y Azuju. LI wyxjaaHThlona rauajyporoee, uH. lt )KeHKe A floneraA, aKo lrM ce HaKoH xoje ne vrenajy cBaxe ro4r.rHe Kao je"ren. Ilrrzxosz poroBu cy LrryrubLlLI 6nrxe poroB[ cyBrlue ynrery, na He Mory Aa ce pasgeoie,qpBeHH rpa[eHrz 04 Kepar]rHa. jenexn Mory Aa yMpy oA rnaAn. Anrlr,r.one )v;r4BV y rrryMaMa,rr aHHHa^u crclru o6rracTuMa vNl1'MorrBapaMa, y Enr,lecrcoj. r.rrrora je o4rajeHo eehuHa yra cyBr4MTpaBHarrrM Aolr,r4oBoJt'Ho npr4Mepaxa y 3oo- 25 u 40 He4etba, y 3aBr4cHocru HaMar.{croqHe ajyxHeAQpnKe y BeAHog Bpcre. 4a6u ce nocla-,rn orxKe BproBe y cBery. {aQeHr Kouryra o6ra.lro paba caMa, a lra:ua4 KrrM KpgnMa. llocroje r{err.rpu rpyre npr4poaHr4 pe3epBarHa o6arru X{yror ocTaJecKpvBeHa HeKoArlKoHe4eJba npe aHTrr^orra: KyAy v fpMyrrra, y KoJoJ Mopay Krzurz norcyruaBa [puuyxjaqa vMaJy yeujeue Aa oeejerreHe Hero rrrTo ce, 3aJe4Hoca MaJKaMa, .crnpalHo froHoBo BpaTpry AwB,ry'ur{y. apyxe ocrarKy xpaa. Majrce 4oje u"r.a- poroBe,'fy cnaAaJy)nHBorHrsecAHqHe Y Arraepuqu >r<vP,e 14 roBe4rrMa. Kyay je BrrcoKa xuBorr4lba /ee epcre je,reHa AyHqe oKo ce4aMMecerIH. rcapu6y - rxyMcKH u rcapu6y rz3 rolera. ca poroBnMa HaIr{K Ha Bazlrr{efr.)Kusu lllyrr,rcrcu rcapu6y xcrzBrr y ruyMaMa Arrrn"none y aQpuvrcrau paBHHrJaMa rao u uajeeha Kana4e H Ha ceBepo+ana4y CA{-a; a Aur.u,tone. 3a pa3lr4Ky. o4 je,rena. aQpuvxa aHTu^ora e aH4. Myxjaqu xapu6y r43 ro,terta. rcojn je MaH)A A HMaJyuryrr.be poroBe, KoJu ce He rpaoBe Bpcre cy BHcoKrrl,5rvr.fpuyure cy 6,relu, npoBoau sr4uy y rxyMaMa, a^u Hajy.Peu'aurz,rona'ce Koplrcru 3a oKo Marbe,uuajy 44axy japxe 6oje y HapaHqacro-6paoH ToHoBuMa. )Ituee y ce eTH ce,\u y apKTHrrKe TyH4pe. 100 epcra xoje He npuna4ajy Apyll,M Hajueurha Bpcra aMepuqKux je,teua aQpuuxrau uryMaMa. 4BeMafpynaMa. je 6e,topenu je,reu. rcoju )KHBa y AHru,lone ce BeoMapas,\H.{zre.HeKe Ay.urcepu cy Aoluxu hrvreno xoAaHACenepnoj Arr.repurlu, Eo"lueujlr, InajaCKO.J peqH 3a porbe[r,e 3oor HaiII4HaHa uz n flepyy. Toje rpaquo3Ha )KHBorLrrcojz sapone KaAacyy onacHocra.KaAa EJ\AH4 rba,BvtcoKa oKo MeTap. crruqau Beuyje 6exe. s6yruyjy Henpnjare,ua 3aro ruro je,leH masra rzeCeoepne Arraepzxe, a,ln rpr{e rJHK-rlaK H nocKanyjy. Xrzee y cy My ylJlu 4yrar{Ke yrxra Kao Ko4 Ma3fe. rxyMaMau x6yuacrnM npeAeAVMarIeHEpaon v rIpBeHn cpH4ah rraBe y rpa^He rzjyxne AQpnne. Be lrKoM 6pojy y rponcKlrM o6,lacrnrrla Y rpynu KoEcKLrx aHTviona r,rMa o4 Mexclrxa xa jyry. B,r.ucxu polax zr'a MHOrO Be/\HKIZX lr OHUX Cpe4lbe Be It- rrprIeaHCKH .rzHe.Y oeoj rpyna Hapoquro cy [o3HaJe HaJMaEV Je eH Ha CBeTy nyAy. Ilrerona Br4cvr{a 4o Bpxa onaTl.f qnlaur v Aopar noje eeon,tauarrnje caMo. 30cu. Hajnehrz Trtra je,reH je naoveapHr,r JylKHoaMepHunu jeaeH, eracox 1,2Na. PasMHorrcaBarbe Ceaxe rolr.rHe Korrryry onlo4n AowvtHaHTHH uyxjan r.r3 Kp4a. Osa uocu ^aHe - o6uuHo je4no lr'tr4 ABa- rzsvely

jf

it{

A Enangje
)Kl4BOTnlba, cnHqHa Bony, ca Ae6enhM Ha6oprMa Ha Bpary.

) Jyxruavxr nyAy je je4Ha og Mano6pojHux Bpcra jyxxoartrepltqKltx jenexa. Xnen Ha jyry t-lnnea r Aprexrrxe.

o o

JEflEHr4. xr4PAoE 14 AHTr4rronE

V Xrapa$e ce xpaHe nnufiemn rpaHaMa Apeefia. Oxe ur,rajy AyraqaK jeeux xojur,a xearajy nuufie n xntaiy ra ca rpaHa.
,lasa. 3a pa3irrKy o4 je,teHoeux, poroez xuzpaQecy KparKe z cra,nHe.Znax xrepaQa je najno:uarzja no AAaD,A rcpev 6oje. npercpaeeHojupBeHKacro6paoH neraMa.

flannrce xcnpaQa
XrzpaQe )r(HBe y HeKr.rM leloBuMa AQprzrte, Ha orBopeHuM cyBHM npeleHMa ca x6yuacruu pacrurbeM,.IZe ce xpaHe anaqnjalra H Mr{Mo3aMa. )I{aee HoMaA('KHM H a e H H o MI ; r B o l a . n y r y j y hn v rpynaMa oJ no 30-an tI aHoBa, npeauollerre craprzjr,rv n,rv;+ljattou t.t i'rieHKaMaca M a4vHrIHMa. MyxijaLlH xr.rpaQa ce rraeflvco6Ho 6ope sa rrpaBo Ha )r(eHKe,a rlaperbe ce +4erueRay 6r.r,lo noje 4o6a fo4uue - I{e nocroju lroce6Ha ce3oHa 3a ro. Myxjaqu rracphy je4nv Ha Apyre I^auana, n<rje 'r-erxe 45nr u za4ajy lro'[enL[HJaAHe cMp'l'oHocHe y4aPI]e, Ka4a 3aMaxnv BparoM, zyrnM 2 velpa. M,raJvrrun ce pafajv rraKoH lc'c rauuje t41 l4 rrc,1ema. a Ha r rore ( e ycr rpau,r'ajr 20 uHrrv'r'a HaKorr pol3ema. }KHpa<pe M()ry 4a 4oxinBe 30 ro4rlrra crap()clr.i. Xrzpa<pa lrva je4Hor poISana, xcjr,r ce soBe oKarrll. T, j" To aKo crvnJbvBo c'rBOpeFbe Aa ra Eepon,r,atra IrLrcy olnpHAH cBe Jo 1901. ro4nue. ,Kunr.r y Tp()rrcnHM llpatuyMaMa rleHl'pa^ue A<pprane. Brzconje ono 1,5 Merap n HMa 4yr-aqaK, rroer,rjeHI,t upa-t'. ()nalru utrl:r t)l)a()H r4^rj JbyovgacTv /x^ar{y H H()r'e ca KpeM nl)vlaMa. Myxjauu rzvajy prtrrrue 'Al:anLly Ma"lLrM Kao H ,+(Hpacpe.Or<arrlr r ( ) p o 4 u r r n H M r p y n a M a r t tj e c e c a r t o j e o4 r,rvxrjana ca je4uoru vAA Aue )KeHKe H rbHX()BHXM alyHarla.

) Bncuxa xrapaSe je negocrarax raga nnje BoAe. Oxa mopa ga pacKpeqh Hore 14.n14 Aa nx He3rpanHo caanje Aa 6u nonnna BoAy.
Kyjv rra Korbe l,t uuajy ayra.rKe yuu. XLIee y Kp/tjMa - qH aruH Ha o-r'uopenov y uefieu ae,ly A<ppaxeHcno4 eKBaTOpaa . 4 ( ) p ar H y U e r l r p a , r r r o H j h("r(),rnoj AQprzqu. llpyre ABe Bpcre KOrbcKe a H r H l o n e( y r r o 4 e H a H r H l o r a H t < o 6 . O6e xrase 6,lHsv so4e rz 6exe oa nper) r a r r - r u a jM v o,rBapA a ' l ' o p ar.a ( e ( r e ( ' r ' (
IIC AHTH OIIE.

opHrtc, 4yr0rnaBH bnecl KOJt,t vMa Pol'oBe 1' o6,tHrtv Hpe H I-tIy. EHeo a rHy }iHBe y ()1'r]oPer{nM 'r'paBHaTHM no4pvrrJuMa H pallrrHqaMa, Hqe Fra MerxaHrJeKorba u 6nrr<lrra H Hr.rcy HapoTIHTO IDAUHO3IIH.

Beanr<e an'r'Hlorre H3 oBe fpvne

cv

Je,leHn,anTrrlone r.rxrzpa<pe npuna4aly HcroM po4y Artiod,actyla JE EHE - Ceruidae Ilocrojn 36 npcra y 16 po4ona Berrr.rnna: ao Bpxa -lronarllqa 38o'l - 230c'a Ty cnaaajy: Je"ren rronar ap(Dama d,ama) - Boaidae AHTIIIOIIE llocroju 82 apcre y 29 po4ona - 2 rtrerpa Be"trsnHa: Z5crvr Ty cnaaajy: Ma n ryay (Tr agelaphus imh erbisl XI,IPAOE - Girffidae flocroje ABeBpcre y Ar,apo4a - 6 rr,rerapa Be,rrrana: 2 rr,rerpa Ty cna4ajy: X'uparfe iKupafia (Giraffa catnelopard,ali,s) Oranu ( Okabia ionstoni 266

H rrryuMa, ra3eHacvnpor 6Hso,\HN4a A:1, floc^e4rba ()4 .19't'rrrt4 fpvrre aHTHIase,le c1, "rona, je uajrpaqrloeuu.ja. rlulKe, 6pse xuuolHrbe, BeoM? npHiarofseHe r+iuBory y npvfrHna, HenAozHHM rrpe4elnMa AQpnne r.rAauje. Ty cna4ajv n aHhrcKrl ('Kanaq. nojrzje une 4o6uo rro HaBHur4 4a nocranyje u Ao Alta Merpa y Bar4yx. rca4a.je y onacHocrr.r. Jour je4rra 6pra raee;ra je aQpr.rvr<aHMnala xoja npaBH HH3 Be HKHX cKoKoBa.4ox je rapaBa annr,rona Haj6pxa aHrrzlona y \4n4uju.

V Xrapa$e He Mory Ayro Aa rpqe, aKo rx jype uory Aa ce cpyue ll yMpy oA rHsapKra.

)KnpaQe
XHpaQe cy Hajeuura cucapn, BvcoKecy o Merapa H cy no3Hare no 4yfrrM, BpeTeHacTHM HOraMa 14 BeOMa 4yraqKOM

Bpary. Osa Heo6u.rHaKapaKTepucrr.rKa Je npoy3ponoBa a HeKe <pacrlnuanrHe Qusuo,r.omte rrpoMeHe, r{ao ruro cy cneqrajanHuayroMarcKu lrzuruhz xoju HaieT KpBr,r cnpeqaBaJy orracHrz y r aBy xupaQe, xa4a je oHa crrycrri Aa 6u nH a BoAy. 36or sncprHeI,tHe3rparrHocrn xnpaQe nlrrtelajy parullBo. a H Morv r4arpve 6pazHou ol 50nrr,r Ha car v 3aAaBaJy cHa}ItHeyAap\e Horor4 KoJu cy foAHKo JaK'"1. aa Mofy /a youJy v

HuflcKu Kofth, cBr4Fbe u neKapnie

s o .o a E

6 q

'.s
o
ai

o o

6 o

A florun oqlballr,rHlrncKor Koba pacTy ToKoMqenor )KHBorall nocrajy BenlrKeKrboBe. { Huncxn Ko}bl,r npoBoge BpeMe, nexefiu xa 6narrcaeuM o6anarua jesepa lr peKa nnu nornyHo noronrbeHlry eoAV.

Huncxu Kotbu,crulbe u nexapuje npunadajy pedyArtiodactyla, najmnozo1pojnujeu, od clux renuKux cucapaxoju dau,ac J{uBe.Knyu ibuxo+oz tlntcu y cnoco1uoJcnexa cmu da ucxopucmeu,ajdocmynnuju od ceux useopa xpane- 6umxe.

v nary,toacrLrBo4eHlt noru. tr{ano ../ cy o6a y AQpuqu, Hrl cKu Korr x{r.rBu y u peKaMa ycpe4 oTBopeHrrx Je3epnMa TpaBHarux npeae,l.a,4or j e nary.il,acrur BOIeHU KOr6rrryMcKa )r(prBoTHrta.

Ku^oMerapa 4a6u je,'u. fla6u crrirlu OHU Tpqe KpO3 4O OMLl,4,eHrZX',rr,rea4a' Bo4y Ha BpxoBVMa npcrujy H rz ce npehy no yra6aHzM cra3aMa Ha r y. CeaKH HuAcKLr nom noje4e orco 40 xr eereraqzje rorcov je4He sohv. Hurrcxa Kor6H norpourmy eHepruje cBo4e Ha Mr4Hr'rMyM, npono4ehz eehu /eo xllBora ,nexehrz y BIAA roja urta noMaxe 4a aKrue Hoce TelKprHy TeAa. Ka4a n,rueajy no4 BoAoM. HH cKH Korbrr cy usnenalyjyhe rparluosHr.r. rz py nopo4rzqe H ippopota midae flarymacru BoaeHv xorr, je aKrrrv rr \ /one nocToJezBe BpcTeHH CKH KoFr, B'rrrre BpeMeHa npoBo4H Ha KonHy. Y

H}IACKH KOIbU Hlrrrcxra Korbu nprlna4ajy nopo4uqn Hippopotamidiae. floc^roje ABe Bpcre. Ilurcru xorc (Hippopotamus amphibius) flary-,racrn Bogelrrr Kor6 (Hexap r otod on liberiensis) 4prB.rbB cBHrbE Csrarbe npuna4ajy nopo4w1u Suidae. llocrojn 16 epcra y ner poAoBa, y xoje cnaaajy: {v.r,:n;il reuap (Sus scrofa) flarylnacra Afrr;ba cauna (Sus salvanius) Jaraucra 6pa.4aauvacra cB[rba (,Sus verrucosus) Epalara cBrrba (Sus barbatus) cBnria ca Ueae6eca (Sus lp,na E a6npyca (B aby rousa baby ru s sa) IJrnorcrn rrryMcxrr Berrap (Hy lochoerus me ine rtzhageni) Epa4arnvacra cBrrrta (Phacoehoerus aethiopicus) .{aaxara cBEEa (Potamochoerus larvatusl IEKAPHJE llercapr.rje npuna4ajy nopo4urlH Thlassuidae. flocroje rpr,r Bpcre y rpt4 po1a: Orp"tnvacra nexaprja (Pecari tajacu) Ee,roycua neraprja (Tayassu pecari) garoarrcra uerapaja (Catagonus wagneri)

ffopoav.rHr'r
I "

?KrrBor
KoFbl.l }il1Be CaMO

llaTvrbacTll

Bo/.eHV

Ilcxpana
Kp4a ur.r,lcr<Hx KoFbaeehu 4eo 4aHa npoBoae Zpeuajyhrz, a u3 Boae vM Bape caMo BpxoBt4 Ho34pBa. Ceare noha, oKo rrer caru rrpoBoae Ha Konny, xpanehz ce nereraqujou u nacyhu TpaBy cnojuu rrrupoKrrMycHaMa. Osol.r TexHrrKoM r{cilalre ce 6n,rne vynajy il3 KOpeHa, rrrTo Moxe Aa AoBeAe Ao nornyHor ry6nrrca eereraqnje y oKol'r4ler4 oMr4r,enuxjeaepa Hr4lcxrlx Korba t4 oHLlMOpaJy 4a npela3e no HeKo,\HKo

y uaALrM nopoaHr{HrzM rpynava rcoje ce cacToJeo4 MyxqaKa, ?r(eHKe 14MAaAyIJqa. Hn,ncxu Korbrrcy MHoro lpyrrrrBenujrz. MyxrjaK KoHTpo^utue repuropkrje y xojnua )KzBH MHoro )r(eHKr,r ca
cBoJr4M I^lAaAyIlUr4Ma.

Y"ranos u nopo4Il rle Hipp opotamidiae [o Hy 3pelocr Aocrzxy uerr,ref y rrerBp^re w je4auaecre ro4r4He, a nape ce l-2 l;ryraro4rriln e. Y nopo4vr\aMa o6u.rHo r4Ma noJe4Ho M^azyHr{e (b V3aHUH cy pernu) xoje ce pala ronolr B^a)r(He ce3oHe HaKoH rreprz'o4arecraqrzje oA240 AaHaKoAHIz cKux Korra H 190-210 rcoa naTy^acTof Bo4eHor Korba.

267

HtancKr4 Korb]4, cBr4FbE il nEKApr4JE

c oo .o

E a
6 z
G

E o

O o a

= = o
!

(D

:z

A l4axoorpnlrqacra nerapnja neAnnepnxe nnvn ns Eepone, Aeuje n ASpnxe,one cy caMoAaneKll pofiaqn.Orpnnqacre nerapnje )c,rBey KpAl,rMa oA no 50 qnaxoea. Y cearonnxpgy nocroje o4eojexe nopoAl4qe ca oKo Tpl,r xeHKeHa iegnor uyxjaxa, Ilprpogxn nenpnjareruuneKaprja cy iaryapn n _ Kyryapu, anr cy E yrpo- oHeHalBlilre xeHe,jep voeer : yHl,l[TaBa runxoaa 5 6 craHlrura.
Llarrca Ko)r(a Hprlcror Korba je npuryurTepe,JaJa, rrTHrIeKoJece rHe34e Ha aarofeua 3a )KrzBo-r y Bo4u,jep meu Tny, HHCeKTe H tbHXOBe iapBe. noBpruLlHcKlr c,\oJ Aexrr4pupa rreT nyra 6pxe Hero rroBeKonaxoxa.3aro ffopoaz.rHr{ ,rcuBor HITICKT4 Korbr.r npoBo4e AaH y Bo/'vl. Cenrbe cy eeoua zpyrrrrBeHe,6uto 4a Cneqnja,tHe )Kle3le yqe BHcKo3Hy )r(LrBe y rrapoBvMa rzlu y rpyflaua. Boa,e pyx(Hqacry rerrHocr roja,ranupa noBpIa ce Ao4vrpyiy u aa lexe 6"usy je4ua ruHHy Korr(eu ut].ul.u Je 04 oneKoTlrHa apyroj, a lrecro ce a rr.rMape.Toxoru Ia uuQexqzja. seher zela ro4rlHe ?r(r.rBorzlr je lrupaH ys MarbeqapKe oKo xpaHe. Toxor,a ce3oHe naperba AoAa3vr40 KpBaBHX ,\z.r.:n,e cBrrrbe lr BerrpoBrr Csurbe u BenpoBH,y t<,ryy jyhu'u no3Ha- 6op6u zsuely r'.ryxjarca. Y yvepenrzrvr ry 6pa4aswracry cBurby (Phncochoerw K rlMaMace3oHa napen,a je y jeceu, a aethiopiun), xr.rBe y najpas,tzvurujuu Mla4yHrrr'tce palajy y npo.rehe. r{ r,rMaTcKI,rM yc^oBvMa u cTaHHufTvrMa, LIeo pnyrra or{rbar1rrAVBlbvrMcBurbauoIIyT IUyMa,CTerra, caBaHav MoarBapa. Ma He cly?r(e 3a cKyn,bamexpaHe, neh Kpljyhu ce y rpM,by, rpcrla v^ut Bvt- 3a noKa3aBaroe arpecuje H a 3anlaurucoxoj rpaeu, cBtzrr,ecy ce o4ouahu,r,e Barbe cynapuuxa. Llarco ropr+ e KJr,oBe .rar vr y o6,racrutua r4e cy thy,4vrycro opa4aBr4rracTor npaceTa H3r eAaJy HaceJbeHH. Cee ruro uu je norpe6Ho OlaCHO, OHIr paHe HaHOCe MaII'I{M, a Il je eo4a,j.pje Kynane y 6nary BeoMa orurpuj rav Aorbt4 M K"r,oBaMa. Balr(Ho3a rbHxoBo 34paB.be. Ceurre rllrajy z:orurpeHo qylo MLlO4rroc ca lroBercoM puca u 6pso uory 4a nponafy xpaHy, r{oeex y6uja 4wr,mecBr4rbe 04 Ka4a KoI{aI{- v Ka4a rror4 3eM,boM. pncrll opyxje.Torcorra rzcropuje ce arpe4yooKo Je tr{cronajy je nonrohy oxorurarror npaja CIaBHa npHpo{a {I4BlbVx CBIII+,4 IIoKarbyrrrKe.Zaxo ce uajeurue xpaHe rpa3a^a Kao olacaH cnopT rr 3a eBpo[cKe nou,,LuruheM, KoperbeM,r.rbrurBaMa, orra- KpeLbeBe,v 3a cvpoMarunraje AoBrIe. ,\raM soheNr rz ceMeHKaMa,cBr4rbecy y eme AvtB;t vtx 14 rro4rBtba^vrx {onof oapefeuo cBurba je yepoxoealo HerrpoqerbLr4o6a ro4utte Mecoln4eprr r,r oBe 3erreBe,rlo4ape, slrrzje, xa6e, By rxrery Q,r.oprz u Qayuw na Hoeov
I i '

Kao lr BehxHa cBurba, a$pu.{Ke

qpBeHe cB[]be

Ha AhBrby CBl,llby

xlrBoiegy pasHe rxrbe n 6unxe. Y jyxxojAQprqr '{ecro ol[Tefiyiy

KtlKl,lpl,lKl,l 1,1

BOfirbaKe. { Epataanqacra cBl,rlba(na cnuqn - xeHKa ca MnaxlrBl,r y AyHr.lHMa) lr aQcaBaHaMa plrq Koi Ar,r Brbr,r Hr,l jyxno oA Caxape. 6pagaenvacre cBntbe cy aKTlrBHe caMo Aarby; Hof,y cnaBaiyy jas6unaMa KOieCy O6HqHO HanycTl,rre Apyre
XHBOTH}bE.

3e,tan4y u y Aycrpaaraju. Cnune cy KpHBrlr4sa npopelraeame je4uucreeHOr penrr4^a,Tyarapa Lr3a yrpoxeHocr MHOfr4xnrrzrla KoJece rHe34e Ha r y. Ha Ma4araccapy IKlaBr4 uajpela Kopl5aqa Ha cBeTy,aHroHoKa vr^u l/IaAaracKapcKa Koprbaqa. OHa je xpnTLIqHOyfpolr(eHa, Jep rIp.BeHaAvBJba CBI,Irra HcKoIIaBalbeHaJaJaIzJe4e TeK H3"\er^eM aAyHrIe.

flerapuje
llenapaje cy xrlrBorrzrbe Ha I'tKcBl4rbaMa,ca BarKurrrHoralra, rcojexune y IJenrpa,tnoj u JyxHoj Auepuqz. )I{zee y
Ma LIM rpynaMa I/njdBeAIdK'IaM KpAI,IMa y

craHlrrurIzMa rcojace rcpehyol B aIKHHx 14cyBr4xTponcKrrx rxyMa 40 qaflapa^a kr rpaBHarux rrpeAe,\a ca xpacToBHM lpneherr,r. Teprzropaje vM ce rpore)Ky qana 30-280 xa. HeaaeHo orKpr,rBeHa KoaHcKanercapnja uacramyje rpHoBlrre rxyMe y KoJr4Ma ocTpce Ha v3o oBaHrzM
BIIMa xpaHI'I na MaMa LI TpaBOM.

ller<apr,rje xpaHe ce cy cearuroje4lr 14 KoperbeM,ceMeHKaMa u eohelt, atr.a4a cy y rrpu}.vrr\r4AoBe r,rMa^e xvBoTr4rbe. Knose Kopprcre 3a Kv4an:neKoperba. Ka4aux npezarop uana4ue, je4Ha rre'xcprnyje' rcapnja ce 4a 6u ouoryhz,ra ocTa HMa 4a nooerHy.

268

MetrBeflu
Medeedu cl nereadaJ,cusenutur senuKoM denyceeepiu xemrcfiepe. Haxo cy ouu n ajeehe Kaplr,uso|e (necotcdepu) xoj e scuee tur Kontq, eehuun,medaeda pemxo jede neco. nopo4nurz MeABeAa, nocrojr.r ce4aM noce6nvx Bpcra, noje )KnBe y pa3^nr{nTriM o6rracrarua cBeTa u r,rMaJy noceoHe vHArlBIdAyan.IIe KapaKTepHcrnrce. Zano ce pasrruryjy no Be uqHHH, cBH uuajy r4enacro, TeruKo TeAo, KpaTKe, cHilr(He Hore u Ma,l.H pen. Crona,ra cy vM paBHa r.I BeAriKa ca AyraqKHM,BeoMa orxTplrM KaHUaMa, KOJe, 3a pa3^rlKy 04 Mar{HX, He Mofy Aa ce yByry. lycro npsuo r.rrr,r npeKpHBarleno relo a pas,nuxyjece no 6oju u Ay)r<vHV 4 aKe. O.{n H caBprrreHo sao6JbeHe yuru cy nM Ma e y nopelemy ca 4yrarrKoMH rxHpoKoMr aBoM. Me4ee4 ce npehe reraBuM xogoM Ha cBe rreTHpr.tHore, Ma4a ce noHeKaA ycnpaBv Ha 3a4rbe Hore H npele rro HeKo^HKo KopaKa. OH je ra6anau rojecr. xoaa Ha neraMa w 'ra6aHlrua. Arco sarpe6a, oH Moxe Za KpeHe y falorl rzZocrurHe HM[pecnBHy6psrzHy ao 50-60nrtl Ha car. Mame Bpcre cy 4o6pu nerbarru, nojn ce o6uvHo eepy Ha gpnehe, TaMoH cnanajy.Cerl ve4ne-

-a I
6 d

Au Mory 4a nxtnajy, Haj6o.oananeav je nolapHlr Me4Bez.

A Fycro Kp3Ho nonapHor MeABeAa n ge6enm cnoj cana ra urrlrre oA xnagxofie y neAeHlrM BoAaMa

llcxpana
MeAneAu ce x.,racuQnrcyjy Kao Mecolx4eph. alri ce HajnaarsexpaHe MecoM.Hajuehrz Zeo rbuxoBe HcxpaHe

Apxrrxa.
ce cacrojrz o4 noepha. Mor,ro 6u Aa ce Kalxe Aa cy oTq upe coarurcljeat4 H H )KHBOonopTyHllcTe,'u.Je4yH oHrbKe rrlme. Torolr BeKoBacy muxoelr sy6r,r
eBo yHpaIH 04- OHI,{X THrrHqHrtx 3a

{ Xenxe ce 6ope Aa 6n 3aur[r]rre caoje MnaAyHqe, a

MpKlaqlr - ca phBanlrMa y neplroAy napelba, [Haqe nonapH]l perKo MeABeAlr Aona3e y Mebyco6Hr
KOHTAKT HA apKTl,rqKoMneAy.

nnltBaq lt Mox(eAa npenllrBa 14 no 35xruoxeaxa. On BecIa npeAlbl,rM HOraMa, a ynpaBrba 3aAtblrM. Ilonapxr MeABeAll aareapajy HO3ApBe, KaAa Cy noA BoAoM.

V flonapxu je 4o6ap MeABeA

Mecoxlepe y 3yoe KoJt4 cy Br.rue rpuaaroleHz 3a pa3HoBpcHy rzcxpaHy. tr4syserax je rro,tapHvr MeaBea; cHelxHa. e4eHa npocrpaHcrea y nojnura oH o6r.rrasa. Hr,rcy6orara Sunsuu cBeroM, TaKO 4aJe OBaJMeABeA aKTVBaH OBaTJ Ha )KHBoruEle - Hapoquro Qoxe. Apyru MetrBe4a cy y HenpecraHoj norpasa sa eoheNa u 6o6nuawa, yKoBHrJaMa LI KpTOIaMa, fieqypKaMa, errrHHurzMa u xupeBr.rMa. Aoee u je4y u Ma^e cr4cape H penrnle. aana4ajy jarma4. cBHFbe r,r BenpoBe. Behuna Me4Be4aje axrrleHa Aa\by, a najeehv Aeo riHxoBux an'rr,rBHOCTH Ha noTpary 3a XpaHOM. Ce CBO4r,r Me4ee4rz rojr,r xzee y x.xa4aujn*r O6rraCrzua, y3 Ir3y3eTaK IIO apHor MeABeAa, ce HaJBr.rIIIe xpaHe y aBrycTy Aa 6n narol,rlraa,nn nITo eurrre N{acFlohe [pe Hero urTo vToHy y 3IIMCKI,I caH. Karco nocraje x,na4Hr,rje MeAecAz' Tpaxe 6p,ror. nocran,rajy ra rpaBoM. "luurhernl rr MaxoBuHorr,r. Bplor Mo)r(e 4a

I"=aBEAr4
?.

nI t

IPI{3AI4''N

'ht .'' .t
'

* .1

"1.

Lr a ,t

\i:;'
Ceu epwnuju xonajy ceoje fupnoze sa xu6epuan4ujy: dyeauxuynan eodu y
'
'9-

uf',ti
,:l. lr

V Manajcrn
cyHqaHr,l MeABeA Ce xpaHlr Hofiy.

oKplar.) npocmopufi,
nocnn&tbeH) nxpaeoM.Oxa je o6uqr+o orcpeuyma xa ceeepl da 6u xajeehu un4,atut cHelaru noKpusal4, xoju joj crr,Jotcu Kao 3Aurrnunur u rnonan4uja.

!fdr

$,
6\,4c rrena rrehvtrzrrz.rn4o6Jto yruyurKarra ulyrravna naeliy c'r'enava. N{e4uearre oana4ay upauy xu6epnarlH.ly.lep ber'()Ba ]'e^ecrra'leMrrepaTypa H rrylc rre orra4ajy,Ma.1a My ce paa cprla Orr yrra4ay (au v ocra-je y(n()paBa.
fr e a r { ' f H B a H r r ( ) r r e K ( ) u K ( t A a H a .

Kopucrr ceoj
Ayrar{KH,

flo"napnu

MegBeA

3 a a e l e r r e a p K r H q r ( e r y ( ' T a p e r c t r j e Hr4je3lrK Aa H3Byqe orcpyxyjy CesepHu uo H npyrxajy ce Hopnerurce, cBe /() Pycu.je, lperrrrarr4a, HHCEKTE. KaHa4e n CA[-a, c), Hefocro/],y6wsu mojnje npeMa 4oM u() apHol Me4BC4a HeKuMa.je4aH t-14uehux Me/Be4a Ha
3eMAH. Ha,talnncrcu rrolapr rlr MeaBea 3Haqr,r 'uclpcr<r,r ne4ee4'. OH xnerz y.npeAe HMa rAe ce Aei'[eHo MOpe cnaJa ca KofrHou. II<r,rapHV MeABeAr4 cy cttt vqHV f r t4BaqH n por:zoL1r, a rcpcrape 6psunoM oa or<o 20xu Ha car. Mory Za ce cperHy Lr uo Bnrrre oa 300xu 4a eKo oA KorrHa. Y vo4u HX rulr,rru 4e6erru c-loj (a a H r(p3no rtoje o46raja no4y. Me4ee4oeo rycl'o Kp3Ho je xpev 6oje 4a 6ra ce cronlrlo ca clrelrHtrM oKpyxerbeM, a cacroju ce oA rycror norKp3Ha Ll AyfaqKor roprber crroja 4,rarca. tr4wajy Kp3Fro na ra6anr.rua 4a ce He 6H xrrusar{ no,le4y. llo;lapHrl MeaBeZ npela3rl MHoro eehe pasga-ulrHe Hero ocra,ln Me4Be4n 14TIeCTO nO tt3 OMlr,eHOM ely rcojrl rraoxe Za ce rrpo'rerxe u Ha Burrre

Snexcu6un-

PasMHorcaBarbe Cerosa naperbaMe4Be4a H y yMepeHrzM apK'r'nqKHMoCrrracrrlua.je o6r,rvHcly t r1 rrr,rehe.tr4 t-r ut rct<urrepu()4 re< r'aqHje BeoMa Kpal'aK, a H norr'r'o ce M aJe Aytrr\H ne pallajy cBe 4oK Me4Be4urla rre 6y4e y cpeA lraMcKolcr{a,HMrr aHlaquja orr,tolerror-.jajaurla y :]HZMeqKHrre MaTepHrlece He lerrraBa rrpe or{T()6pa rz,r,ra Hoeev6pa.Thj rrpouecje rro:rHar Kao'o4,tolxena r,run,ra r-r'r'aquja'. Onrl ve4ne,v pa\ajy reRepoBarHo cuhyurHe 6e6e, uajveurhe 6,tusaHqe. Houopolerrrz M aZyHuH cy reruKr,r cauo 200-700r; Hor etajy nano 6e6e narloBa lr c erre cy,6eay6ea 6es HN4a o ca a ata. OHa o<'rajy y 6p.rory 3ajeaH()
M a J K ( ) M .X p a r r e ( : e F b e H H M b o l ' a ' r H M M , \ e -

nou u 6pso pacry. 3a ue4ee4e ce qecro Kaxe la Boae

ycaM,/beHHqKH )nHBoT, rxTo ce ytIaBHoM

o4rrocrz Ha rrayxrjane.Maa4yHrlu ocrajy ca MaJKoM rrpBe ABe vAI] ^rpv ro4rzHe ?Ku_Bora,.a y uelynpeMer{y he oua AoovTr Jorx Je4He M aAyHue, TaKo 4a o4pac^e r{eHKe rrpoBo4e eehz 4eo cBor' )r{HBora t ro4nxyhr.r varre. )7n

oa 50 000u2. XpaHr.r ce yr^aBrroM Qoxaua. Me4ne4r,r ,noee Qone raKo rrrro rzx 6 o N tlpare rro H3 oMrr,err()M e4y. uexajy rropeA pyrre 3a y3uMarbeBa3Ayxa,'-jAtr Trrxo [ uBaJy Ka rb]rMa AoK ce oHH oaMapajy. 3urun caMo rpyaHe xeHKe 6opaee y 6p,lory, rcojaje o6rzvHo JeAHa pyila y HaHocy cHefa o^Ll3y

::i;ffi:

i-

::1 _i-

'

.:.

o6a"ne. Myxjaqn cy 6yaau Lr aKTlaBHLI TOKoM rIele rorluHe. Cuhyuurz u,r,a-

ce palajy y 6p,tory y aeueu6py AyHu,Lr

A JaHyapy H HaKoH TpLI MeCeUa, Ce nojaBJbyJy HafroJr'y ca MaJKoM.

je joru yBeK uajpacupocMprcn rrae4ee4 Hajeeher KorrHeHor uecox4epa. Eoja TpaEeHvJaBpcTaMe4Be4a, rzaKoJe Hec- Kp3Ha pa3 UrrvTX no4BpcTa ce BeoMa ^fao v3 MHorhx o6yracru y rccrjnvaje pas,rzxyje z npehe ce o4 6le4o MpKoHeKa4a ir(HBeo. Hajeuure ce cpehe y zKyTe,npeKo rIpBeHKacTe14 H rIpHKacCeeepnoj Auepurlrz v Kantagu, ceBep- ro-6paoH, 40 nlaBocuBe HArr cpe6pue Hoj Eeporru u Pycwju, a^r4 Ll3o oBaHe H opaoH ca oe^nM BpxoBHMa,KaKBy uony,tarluje nocroje v Ha jy.y rzMarpr,r3^r.r. Mencalta, y llJnauuju, Typcxoj, tr4pany Mpxu lr.e4n,IArz' 6opaee y rnyMawa, a u ua Xnlra"r.ajuva. llocrojz v je4ua lr3la3e caMo KaAa je ueonxo4Ho Aa nony,rarluja y lanavy. nponaly xpaHy, uourro je4y uajpasHoOeaj ue4ee4 urnlauajeeha 6poj noaepcHuje HaMrrpHrrrle. Mprcz l.r,eAe,e4vl Bpcra, o4 xojax je jeaua rr 3 or acHH xoju xcrare y Kawa4u cy Hapoarvro rpH3lr4 r.r3 CeBepHe.Arrlepr,rne. 4o6pn pz6o,roequ - a ry Berurr4HyoHtI Jg* JeAr{a no4Bpcta. Ko4ruaK,ce Ha4ruehe caMocra^Ho yrre u ycaBpnraeajy.Kanue ca IIo apHr4M MeABe4OM 3a Tr{TyAy MpKHXl.,eABeAa cy HapOqHTO AyrallKe v npe4crae,tajy eQuxacHo opyle LI opylge. flocroju ce4aM Bpcra v'e4r'e,1a.

y ceBepHLlLIM IIpeAe vIMa oI a3e y 6p"rore sr4Mr4, a raAa ce u nopalajy. Ouv u-t jyxnujnx npe4ela crrasajy BeoMa KpaTKo rrllr ce Je4Hoc'raBHo cuycl'e Ao Ht4)ttr4x,'ron,rrljux Ha4MopcKtzx BtlcvHa r4e oc raiy aKTHBFn4 TOKOMrle^e ro/r{He.

t'

Arvreprvrn rlpHr.rMeABe4
Oeo je uajuarorzcl4 ceBepHo-aMephqKnx Me4BeAu, g,^ u je uajpacnpocrparbeHlrJrr14 HaJopoJHnJH y oBoM /eno cBera. On:ruepr y cKopo cBHMnorxyM,bCHIIM OO ACTHMA OBOf KOHTITHCHT'A

rroJIAPHtr MEABEA
(Ursusmaritimus) .\yxuua rerra:Myxjagu 2,5-3v. Xeuxe 2-2,5rq. Texrlna: Myxjaqu 400-640rcn }Kenr<e 175-300xr XtrleorHr{seK:20-30 ro4vr.a. MPKH ME{BE{ (U. arctors) flyx"una re"ra:{o l.8rvr. Bucurra40 paMeHa: I - 1,5rra. TexzHa: 70 - 780xr, }KusorHraeen:30 - 30 roanna. AMEPLTqKpT rtrPHLt MEABEA (U. americarun)
Be.^riqr.rHe cy BeoMa pasHoAHKe. ,\yxu*ta rerra: 1,3 - L8rta. Bucnna 40 paMeua: 90c,r - lrr,r. Texnsa: B0 - 270xr (r'ayxjaqn cy 10-50 nocro relru oZ xeHrcra). Xtnaortlu eex: 30 *35 rozlu:ea.

y BHrJeo4 20 4pxaua. tr4axo ce Fra3r4Ba upHn rue4ee4,6oja rberoBor np3Ha Bapnpa o4 cnopo 6e,re u,r,rzcpe6pHe npeKo 6oje rluvela r.r,lr.r rror{olalHo-6paoH H rrlaBo-rlpHe 4cl :lr.r(r r -r1pr-re. lbyruxa nM je qe( r () .r!2 Kecl'erbac'[4. o flourrcr je rrpaer.rccaurro.ie4.upnz
L

A MpknMeABeA y A3uin, )r(14814 Ceeepnoj Arueprqn, l'lcrounoj Eeponu ny llJeegcxoj. { KoanjaxHajBehuMeABeA noABpcra MpKl4x F MeABeAa. f; Mnagyxqu cy. 6 Cnenlr lr HeMaly
E AflAKE. Me4Be4 ce qecro cpehe y HarIHoHaiHHM rIapKoBLrMa rrrvpoM Ar'lepuxe, rcano npenphe rro KaHraMa sa ly6pe rz
KAMNOBIZMA.

AsHJCKH rIPHH MEABEA

(Selenarctos thibetanus) flyxuwa rerra: 1,3 - 1,7u. Texaua: Myxjaqu 50 - l80xn Xenxe 42 * 70t<r. Xusornra eex: 20 -24 roa;uue.

cyHqAHrr MEABEA
(Helarctos malyanus) {yxuuareaa:1-1,4w. BuclrHa4o paueua:70cu. Texusa: 27 - 65:ru. XtraeorHHBeKtHerro3uar: ME4BEA AEIbTIBAII (Melursw ursi,nus) Ayxuua re.na:1,5 - 1,9r"r. BlacrEsa 60 - 90cu. Ao paMena: Texuna:90 * 135rn ,[1.HeorHn eerc: 30 roAr4:rra. AHACKH MEABEA (Tlemarctos ornatus) flyxuua reaa: 1,3 - 2,1u. Bacusa ao paMerra: 70 - 80cu. Texnua: 80 - 200rcr. XHeoruu eerc: 20 - 25 r

Oea spcra ?KHBn v n aHHHaMa u ruyuava o4tr4parua, rpeKo qe.re Asuje, 4o Kopeje a JanaHa. flreroe ^aT]rHcKH Ha3uB je Selenarctos rrrro 3HaqH 'MeceqeB Me4BeA', a oeaj Ha3rzBje 4o6zo no 6e;rou 6e,nery y o6,rany nolyMeceqa, KoJr.rMy ce Ha a3r.r r.arpy4uua. fberoeo Kp3Ho je o6zvHo- cjajHo z qpHo, a u MO)Ke pr Aa oy4e opaoH nAA rlpBeHKacro-6paoH. Beruro ce rrerre Ha 4pnehe, Ha KoMe ce o6n-rno v xpaHu, TaKo urro npaBr,r HeKy BpcTy fHe34a 04 fpaHquqa. VIsnte4a Aa cauo Nre4Be4h xoirz rxuee

AsujcKH rlpHrr Me4BeI

Hajl,ran ra ol cBlrx MeABeAa, cylr.qalar4 Me4BeZ o6urasa y jyxuoj Kuuu, Eypvu u jyro-uc'rouHoj Asuju 4o Ma,leszje, BopHea v HeKHx ocrpBa y tr4w4owezujn. LI'tta Kpa'rKo, rlarKo, IIpHo Kp3r{o. I4ue je Ao6uo rro HapaHuacro-x(yroM 6e,rery y o6,tzxy rrolyMeceqa. Onaj MeZBeZje neo6uvaH no rolre ruroje aKTrzBaH Hohy.OH o6uqHo cnaBa '1 oAMapa ce 4aFbyua Hexoj nrrarQoplau ol rpaHa, najuane 2Nreucono Ha ApBeTy. flourro je z oH ceaurroje4,cyHLtaHil
Me4Be4 Je KOZ OKa,\HOf CTaHOBHTZTTTTBa no3Har Kao Me4Be4 veaap.jep vyje Me4 OMHrbeHaXpaHa. Cyuvann M:AB:A:,z' cy aKTHBHIT rJele ro4uHe n nape ce y cBaKo 4o6a,4orc ce M^aAyHrIn pabajy y cKpHBeHrzM lrecrapuua. Clrarpa ce Aa oBlz MeABzAV

MEABEAT4
puna. Cuarpa ce Aa oBv HMaJy caMo JelHof naprHepa. MeABeAr4
HeKalaUItt,I,IM CTaHI'IIIITUMa' a y

Me4ne4 lerbrrBarl
pp.tu xoja Hajruame I{qH.Ha,l,erbvBlla Je MeABe4 erblrBau, KOJH Hacerr,aBa ruyMCKe odaacra tr4u4uje u IIIp, Aasne. Ou je anrzeaH yr aBHoM4arr,y r4cMaTpace AavMaJeAHor napTHepa. tr4va 4yrauxy A .uynaByl ary, Ayravrca,6e,tuvacra nyuKa uuje 6aur 4 aKaBa lr 3aBpIraBa ce fo HM, eKcTpeMHo

Apyrvv,aje meroe oncraHaK yrpo)r(eH. AH4cxn Me/Bea, asujcnn rlpHr{ MeJBeZ H cyHrraHu MeZBe4 cy Bpcre xojunaa

nperu ucrpe6nerce.
Alaepravrcrz MeZBe4 ce upHH peAarHBHo vecro cpehe, rzaKo cy ra MHoro oBrr H y nporrr ocrrz. Hera4a je rro,rapur.r MeABea 6uo y oe6u,rHoj olracFlocTH Kao BpcTa, a H norx'roJe 04 1970 garrlrlrhen ceyla y nolapHr4M o6,racruua, rberoB 6poj ce noeehasa. Me4eel ranole nuje erluBau vrpoll{eH, HaKo ce rbel-oB() craHalrre cBe Bhlrle yHpltrlTaBa.

ycHaMa.If,eroee Ay rasQ,rexcrz6r.r,rHaM Ke,3aKprzB,r,eHe KaHueny oNaorvhaeajy

Aa Br4Cr HaO[ar{Ke ca fpaHa, Kao erblzBarJ, o4aKle je zr 4o6rlo zue. Zano ce xpaHH pa3HoBpcHo, MeaBel ,\eFr,HBarJ HaJBVme Jeae TepMV Te. llourro orBopu repMprrbaK, MeZBe4 yrypa ceojy rbyurKy Lr AyHe 4a 6w panqr4cTr4orrpamnHy, a 3aTHM BeoMa cHalKHO yCVCaUHCeKTe. Me4ee4rz o4la3e y 6prore cav'o 4a 6u ce 3aICAOHIi II, a He 4a OL npecnaBa^'"j
3IIMCKIZ CAH.

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V Oea xeHKa rpn3nlrja n ]beHo MnaAyHqe6yue rpyno ge6no y norpa3[ 3a nHceKr]rMa. oH14 ce pr6ama xpaHe 14 MecoM, u 6o6nqaua.

qpHlr MeABeA je ao6po no3Har no nperypalby no KaHraMa 3a KopnaMarypr,rcra by6pe !r nlrKHr,rK y HaquoHanHnM napKoBl,rMa

y cAA-y.

r Ko4 npcra rcojezuajy carnlo je4uor napTHepa, a To cy HaBoAHocyHqaHr,r Me4BeAU AerbrrBarL r'ry}Kjaqu cy o4 l0 ao 20oh Te)fin oA xenxu. Ko4 MelBeAa rco4 rcojrzx )r(eHKeMory Aa uuajy u rro HeKo HKo [aprHepa, ruyxjaqa cy vr Ao 100% rexa. . KpsHo rlpHor aMepuqKor Me4Be4a Ce KOpHCTT4 3a npaB"berbe eojnuvr<ux wy6apa. 1953. ro4une je 700 auepuqKr,rx rtrpHux MeJBeaa y6ujeuo y EpnraHcxoj Ko,,ryr'r6rajz Aa 6u ce HanpaBr.r,reruy6ape__sa E.lzsa6ere II. KpyHHcarbeKpEUbr4rIe . IIo apHH MeABeA rz xo4zjarc . (no4Bpcre MpKor MeABeAa)ce bope 'Hajneher 3a rvryl.y Me4Beaa'. floaapHz Me4Beg Aplxr,r peKop,4 ca H3MepeHr,rx l002xn.Ca ceojrax 27rcr cyHqaHn Me4BeA Je HaJMarbr,r ol
CBHX.

je roKoM uele olMapa. AxrrleaH ro,4aHe H M a/yHLIe o6uqut-r AoHocn Ha ocralr4x je aHAclr.u MeZBeZ. OH cBer y jauyapy y HeKoM cKpHBeHoM oovTaBa y pa3HnM cTaHrrruTHMa rHe3ly Ha T y. aHZcKor v'acvBa y Jy,rHoj Auepzrlu Cee npcre MeABeza ce ,loee eeh o4 BeHerlye,re 4o 9rz,rea. tr4va cBer oBeKoBHMa. noHeKa4 s6or xpaHe, xyhr<acre rpaKe oKo ouujy n Hoca.r<oje noHeKaa s6or npo4aje 3ooIorxKHM ce noHeKal npoTe)Ky cBe 40 BpaTa pr BproBrzMa, a qecro e6or rpoQeja. 3OOr TOra Ce JOrX Ha3HBa V ij/IeABeA Ca Muoru cy AaHac yfpo)KeHr4 z g6or rora HaoqaDlrMa. IUTO Cy EIiXOBa CTaHI,IIITTa y AVBftVTHT Cuaipa ce Aa je aH4cxu Me4BeA yHr,rrxreHa s6or 6eso6supHor rxvpelba najeehu eererapzjauau oA cBux v Aa n'yACKu){ CTaHIiIxTa. je4e nexe BeoMa rpy6e 6vnxe. lo6po lprzs,rrz je y carzvuoj cnryauuju xao v.r a Ha 4peehy ce xpaHpr rz cBe ocTa e BpcTe, HeMa fa y MHorr,rM

An4crcn Me4Beg Meaee4 mojrl xaen HajjyxHuje^o4

. IbuxoBo qylo Mr.rpncaje rano orurpo Ja Mofy 4a Aerercryjy Mupnc 3arra"beHe QorcraHe Macru (nojy /\OBTJL H npHpo4rbarllr KopHcTe Kao rraar',raq) eehe o4 3rcr*r. cayAaJbelJlocrH r Hayqnrarlu Mory Aa yrBp4e crapocT lt{e4Be,4a raKo urro My v3Ba/e 3yO, 3aceKy rA H IlICflLfiaJy noA Mr-lKpocKonoM Aa oH npe6pojarrz npcreHoBe - Kao ro4oBe Kol ApBera. o Kao no4Bpcra MpKor MeABeAa, rprz3^ptce Kareropueyje xao U. a. horribili^t- crparrrHrr MeABeA. o Ha csarcoM KoHTHHeHTy, ocr4M y Aycrpa"r.nju; cy HeKMa )xHBe r4 H H joru ynex xrrBe Me4Be4u.Hercaga ux je 6uao H Ha rrlaHrznu Araac y AQpuqz, a^v cy y uporrrloM BeKy zcrpe6nenra Ha roM KoHTHHeHTy. o Mpxu luelra/.a MeaBetn :y
)r{HBeJ\v v Hz opHTaHcKI4M

ocrpBuMa;Ncrpe6.reuu cy y 12. nexy. o Y xacno .ltero MeABeAu noje4y u no 20 000 rarropr'rja AHeBHo Aa 6u HaroMula.'ru ca.r'o3a 3I,IMcKu cas. Ha floqeTKy ce3oHe 3rIMcKor cHa. MpKz
Me4Ber4 MOIKe 4a VrMa V c. OJ Ca a,

ae6eo oa 15 go Z5crnr. o M"la4yurln MpKor Me.4BeAa rexe cavro 117204eo uajvzne rexrzHel

::^

".*.,

|'lopoflw{a paKyHa
Parcytu u rtuxoeupolor.lu cy nomoMt4u nopoilut4e nnca, a parcunu cy cenpe eutueod 20 t*u,nunrneoduua,xada q Eeponau CeeepruANepwn 6w,e cnojew. Ys rnysernax naxdu, ceu paKyrn acu6e! wuw,osunopodu4e Ceeepnoj u Jycnoj Anepuqu.
aHoBr{ nopoAvrle
Ma^Ij Vtn.Vr Cpe4lbe Te'^vMa AyraalKnM

paKyHa cy
Ca v fycTLlM

Be I,IqHHe,

KpsHoM..Boja rtpeua prM Baprdpa,a^H cBvr vMaJy AyraqKe penoBe, rrecTo ca u3pa)KeHr.rM, raunujnlr KolyroBvMa. Mnore Bpcre KapaKTeprauy yr'a4JhvBe Irrape Ha Akr\y, oA xojr.rx Hajuynenraja ,\us'l Ha MacKy oKo or{HJy. Cee oee )KprBorurbece Beurro nerby ll xo4ajy na ra6auuua, Kao rure4ne4z.Ha cBaKoMcronul y uuajy no ner npcrrzjy, ca KaHuaMaTTOBHJeHHM yHa3ad' I,faxo ce x",racnQursyjy Kao Meco)KAepn, nehuua paKyHa, ycrBapv,cnaajy y cBarlrroJeAeu t :laaJy sybe, nprarraro[eHe 3a pa3HoAHKytrcxpaHy noja ynryvyje 6rz,rxe rr )KaBorrzrbe.Carrlo je4na Bpcra ce npere)KHo xpaHlr pr.r6orr,r. Behr.rHar{ aHoBa oae nopo4urle je aKrvBHa uohy, a AaH npoBo4u,xpujyhu ce y IIIyn/beMapsehy nau y rparry. Axo y rbr4xoBoM oopaBHruTy HeMa MHOrO Jpneha, xpnjy ce y jas6uuar,ra H^vl fIyKoTraHaMa cTeHa. flocroju ce4aw Bpcra paKyHa. Hajnosnarujw je o6uuww rr V ceBepHpr paxyH, noju rxlrnu o4 jyxnrlx npoBr.rHrywja Kaua4e 4o IJeurparrne Auepare. O6z.rHz paKyH je npexpuaeH crzBHM, noHeKar4cKopo rlpHnM, npsuor.,rnoje rlua r.r6paoHKacrn H r{ upBeHH oacjaj,

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E

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a

A Paryn, xoju je4e xpa6e,je

npen('3HaTtbl,rB no MacKr oKo orujy. llopeg xpa6a jege xHceKre,iaia, xa6e, eofie u oTnaA x3
KyXl,llba.

{ O6uqxo
ycaMrbeHh, paKyHl,lMory Aa ce Buge y rpynaMa KaAa xpaHe uMay uso6uruy.

Hapoquro oKo Bpara. Orco pena rzua 5 4o 10 qpnux KpyroBa,AoK ce Kp3HoHa trwqY 04 LlKyJe KapaKTeprncTLlrrHoM rIpHoM MacKoMoro ovr.rjy,rcojy yorcerzje urprpora, pyje 6e,,roKp3Ho. Xnara rnry rbyrrrKace ruupu Ha Bpxy, a yIJJv cy My ycflpaBHr'r,KpaTKr4 n 3aoo,/beHll. Parynz 2r(vBe y .pa3lLrrrLrrr4M cra}IldrrrrvMa, rzaKo HaJBHrrreBo e ilryMy Lr H rxyMapxe y 6"rusznu eo4e. Perrco ce orrrcHy Ha BrzcHHevrsrraA2 500 u. Xoaajy cnopo, norHyre rlaBe, noenjeHrzx refa u nyrcyhw pen. Mefyrzu, rvrory 6peo Za uorprre xa4a je norpe6no. lo6pz cy fl vBatrlr. Parcynu yr aBHoM Bo4e ycaMr'eHr'tqKrr )ru4Bor ra o6uqno cy arpecr.rBHr4 y rtae[ycodHzrr,r cycpeTrrMa. Ka4a xpane urray uso6uny, Hapoqr.rro y o6aacrulra

273

noPoAr4qA PAKvHA

. O6a.run trpenocHnn CA.4-a. . .Larnscxu

je r aBsrr parcyg Gecunvra na jyroucroxy

enrrrer o6u.rrror paryr{a, 'uepa.r' rr oAHocr,I ce Ha lotor, zuatu 'nepe' EeroBy HaBrrKy 4a Haao4Ho oBa ,rcrrBorrrrba xpaHy. Ycrnapu, rrylo B;rarcerbeM nrana no6o,uraBa Ao4rrpa. . Koarujn ce ApaMarlrrrHo pas"tuxyjy no 6oju xpena. Je4no ler o Mo)r{e 4a uua je4urrre ca rIpBeHrrM, crrBrrM H,rlr 6paon rpenorvr. r Hohy xurrxajy repuropajr.r o6nrasa na ucroj Honor

na xojoj lrajuynu

Cnera ca caBvrrrt,trBtru perroM xr{Be 4 \r,Y r 3a pnnrrej,ra ce rcarxe na crl.a,4a y najnpuuururnuje o4 cBnx q-lrauoBa npcre [opo4rrrle paxyrra, .{anarurre cy cropo rri4euTrrrrue $ocu:rrsoeanuu IIpUMePrInMa CTaPnM BHIrre Mrr^sosa ro.4rrHa. . Olrlnrocn Mory i4a noje4y xpaue y Kolurrrrgrr o4 je.4rre rpehune reir{uue noh. re.rra 3a cauoje4ny colcraerror . KaAa r{Ae y ilorpary 3a xparroM, llory KOaTr! KaHrIaMa rrpe4[6r{x r{cxorra pyrry ila 6u cnojou AyraqKoM rbyruKoM Morao Aa rrcfrrrTa 4a Iv y 'my uua 6y6a. . 'Kyn Jros' - ,roB rra parcyge y3 nouoh uaca -je nonynapau cnopr y Axo nac rreKnM AeloBunra CAI-a. Harepa paKyrra y Bo,4Y paKyrr Morrce la ta y4aBlz. Tarco lrrro ra srpa6u u rroByr{e uol4 Bo4y. . Y 19. BeKy par{ygr{ cy 6unu je4ne rr(rrBorurta vujurvr o4 najraxnrjr4x Kp3rroM ce rproBurno y CAA-y.

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A O6rqnn paKyHyxnBa y o6poKy oA 3eqa. llpeArue Hore cy My nphnarobeHe3a xBararbe tbhMa,AoK u pyKoBaFbe npeAMeTa Ha 3aArbr4M HOraMa. Te)KnHy HOCh VXexxa paKyHalr rbeHo Myxjax He yqecrByjey MflaAyHqe. anh x(eHKa noToMcTBa, noAu3aFby BarpeHo6paxu cBoje MnaAyHqe.

lzc

ilillBe

JbyAIj, olrLl

ce

ol{vllJb2tJ\/ v

ll()ljIlallI t'pvIIaMa, Jep _c,v_ y6p n rr-r'r'a. I rJbzlrr lra[t Lr tr()r rl'ei r re Pa n 11 BeAuriuM

Vlcxpaua
Panvttu ce xpaue pat:ilroluItoM xpatloN{: B,/bll M uoh tiau:t, r r()BpfreM, r'pclxl e u, lJl.l 't'llatsaMa 6o6uqaua, je3l-pac rlrM eotteu, u Ar,[uheM. ()4 ataso't'tlrr,a je4y 6y6e, rlul)rrue, cKar{aBlle,Ma e cHcaPe lloll\/l BeBepHrJa,Bo VXaPHqa Il aMcl)lltltil'lx N4UrrreBa,l^Ucl'e, r6ycltal)c, ll\/7heBe, Koptbarre, xia6e rr +{pyfe.

CraHvurre

H pa3MHoxcaBatbe

caMo O6n.rnu paKVHnpnpollrro ;+il4Bu v CeeepHoj u Jvxrroj A,veprrrlu, IL\II rl1 rze noct'oie H\4aH \ Esponr r A.-rujrz. Ma^e norrv^auHje y J,HB.bilIlll. llope4 v TOra rxro ce KpH.Jyv Ixvn.'bullarvla 4peehr',o6H.rrrupaKylru npaBe u jaz6u-

? -.t !:aj

'w
C

He y IIyKoTuIIaMa C'reHa HAH y poBOBLlMa Koje c)/ Hanycrli^e Apvre .4tI'IRo'rurre. floHeKal ce paKyHu ItplrJy Ij y H H ) tt{rrtrhHHM trtyrraMa 6aulrettct<nu 3fpa4a\4a ila g)apMaMa. 'll Y ceeepuur'r le oBIrMa lberoBor craL @ H H u rl a . p a K V HM O ; A e 4a 6v4e npu,lavHo 3hNIe H lla HeeKfHBaH roKOM 6 lajjaue .E ocTaHe y cBoJoJ Ja:JoHHli 4aHHMa, ,+iilBehh ()4 3a^ilxa ca,\a Koje aN\ MVAHpa ronoM jeceHu. Pari,vn HVje rpaBH xr.r6epHarop - pa4 lbel-oBor cpqa ce He ,vc[opaBa,Te^ecHa TeMrleparypa He onaAa, Mera6o^u3av je jeanano 6ps. [s3oHa raperr,a o6uqttor paxyHa je KpajeM jaHyapa u noqernou <pe6p,vapa, a Mvr+iJaIIu r44y v noTpal)/ 3a i'KeHKaMa,

noHeKal H Ha Be nKoJ TepHTopriJI{. /on ce o4vnja napelbe, nayxjax ocraje HeKOJ\prKo AaHa ca )r(eHKoM y rbeHoJJa36uuu, a saruM xpehe y norpary 3a cleAehou )KeHKoM y repaey. YjeaHoj ce3oHn )fieHKa ce flapu caMo ca je4law uyxjarcolr. HaxoH nepuo4a recrarluje 04 oKo 63 Aasa, sa xoje BpeMe Je )KeHKa ieTapl-HrrHa, y KacHo npo,rehe ce pala HaKor o4 Hajerzrue 7 Mla4yHaqa. Ee6e rasrace o4 rtrajxe, ovrz oTBope Ka4a HarryHe Tpu He4e,be, a Ha y,nasyjar6uue noqnFr,y aa ce rrojae,tyjy 4-5 ue4ema xacHrlje. Ca 10 Heae"/ba noqurby Aa npare naajny ronoM OBa lai.ta dor Tpaxu xpaHy. Aro ce nojaeu onacHocr, no6erFry y3 zpBo, a MaJKaHx x(ecToKo opaHl,r. flpecrajy la cucajy ca 4 neceua, a yop3o HaKoH.'r'ora ce pa3H^a3e, MaAa rroHeKa4 ocTaJy ca MaJKoMToKoM 3HMe.

Koarnju
[1ot roje ee rHpr,r upire xoarr.rja. oa KOJHX KOaTH npCTeHaJe HaJrro3HaTr.rJu ,+(HBuy rxyMaMaJylKI-IOf cTor perra KoJr.r -4e,\a CAI-a u y Jy,nuoj Avepnrlu. Koa'rujrz cy jg4uau qlaHoBrl IropoZHIle paKyHa KoJt'l cy aKTHBH.LI /\aH,y' a )KeHKe cy HaJ4pylKeay()fiBH.le L4 y4pyxyjy ce y rpyry ca 25 xaso'rurba )KeHKH H Mla4yHarla. Yje4uo cy r.r ce tta r'rajnora,tur.rjH H orlauraeajy
6 .9

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Poxynn, xooruiu, prxnein, oil'txtoct't )'l xnnxoiyu nprnonoiy nopoahr{r,,1 Procyonidoe h nornopoahlln Procyoninoe. Poqfxl flocroir 7 apcroy ienxou poay. Bcnl,llttxo: 55 o,r 6er peno Ty cnogo: O6zr,aaupareyx (Proqon lotorJ Koorxit llocroie 4 apcre y 2 poao. Benxruxo: 70-130 o* (oa rnoseno epxo peno) Ty cnogo: Koorh co ocrpao Koxrytcn (Nasua nehonil Prxrrein flocroie 2 rpcre y ieaxou poay. Benrqnxo:30-45cu 6er peno Ty cnono: Korottr,tcrn (Bossoritcut suuichrodiJ Onxxrocx flocroix 5 epcro y ieexou poay. Bcnr,t.+,iro: 40-45 cu,6er peno. Ty cnogo: Onrxroc (Bassariqon gobbiil Klxroiy llocroix ieaxo epcro y ieaxou poay. BcnltqrHo: 40-55 cr,r6er peno Bpcro: Kr*oiy potocflowj

A HoeopofieHlrpaKyHH cy cnenlr x 6ecnomofinlr lr y nornyHocrtl 3aBltce oA MaiKe.flpecraiy ga 4 Meceqa. cncaiy KaAaHanyHe

V Myxjax Koarlrja je ycannruex. Xexxe r MnaAyHqH SopMnpaiy norpary rpyne u qecro npeKr,rAajy 3a xpaHoMEa 6u ce rllMapllnn.

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pallHe HaqHHe- og Bpr-IaBorQpxrarra H BpHurarba. u fpoKTarbaJo 3aBHJarba noarrljr,r Maruu n enrxljra tl4 paKyHa, rzMaJy Marbeyrnv v ynaA/\,vBe,AyfaqKe, rrilrHrJacTe, froKpeT^HBe rbyrxKe. je o6rlqso rIpBeHKacroKpsHo r.rr,,r 6paoH !oje, a,n" Molr{e Za Baprrpa oA Be. uHMer-opaoH 4o opaoHKacTo-cr4 Eean npyr orcpyxyje cBaKo oKo, uMa 6e,ne nere na o6paeuua rz 6e,ry npyry xoja ce nporelrie Hn3 rbyrrrxy.{yravrcre

i5
o

pen, xojra ce cy)fiaBaupH Bpxy, a xoju sa olpKOaTHKOprrcTHKaO CpeJCTBO )KaBalbe paBHOTelKe AOK Ce llert'e' HMa YnaLtbIIBeKPYroBe. Koarrajr.r cnaeajy Hohy, eucor<o na 4pnehy. flav'y cuttase Aa 6a eehLr 4eo BpeMeHarrpoBe^H y norpa3H 3a xpaHorv. Csara rpyna xoaraja rpalKn xpaHy Ha [oBpurrrHu o/ oKo I nu2, uax haKo ce npeKlana ca repuropnjov HeKeApyre rpyne. 275

PAKvHA noPo4r4rlA
je eanarryjyfie ) Pranrrejn oKperaH. Hofiy ce cnperHoBepe no 4peefiy u rpaHaMa. Moxe ce raKo npunlrroMr,rrl,r u Ao6po ce npnnarofiaBa )KrBoryy BproBuMa. Ilcxpana
Koarujn ce xpaHe a-ncercruua.ISlrxoea AyraqKa, rroKper/bvBa nyrurcaje vAea Ha 3a flpeKorraBarbe ruyMcKor oTfra4a, Koperba Lr nyKoTr,rHa y cTeHaMa y norpa3r,r za 6y6e, MpaBe,TepMlrre, frayKoBe H croHore. Xenrce noaruja y6ujajy u je4y 14Ma e 6ecxu.rN4erbaKe, r, ryrnrepe. Myxjaqv AoBe.rlogape, rberre hx
JaKHM rl.tal|aMa CBOJT,IXIO HX TA0AHA t4

uM o4lplt3y rrraey. Ka4a je o4peleuo eohe y ce3oHu, rcoaruju nalxby ycMepe Ka rbeMy w JeAHa fpyna op3o oro^r,r HeKO 4pBo.

PaeMHorraBarbe Maa4ravyxjarlz xoaruja nauyurrajy

nopo4t4rrHy fpyny KaAa 4ocTr4rHy no^Hy 3pelocr ca2-3 ro4uue. Myxjany je 4osno.oeH o 4a 6y4e y rpyrrla je4uuo y BpeMe naperba, flouosuo qlaHcrBo 3ac^y2rcli, rr.rr"rapehr,r2IteHKe H noHaruajyhu ce rroHut3Ho. 3aruu ce napv ca cBaKoMxeHKoM no pe4y, HaKoHqera ra oHe noHoBo orepajy l rpyne. M,ra4yHIle ce palajy HaKoHnepr4o4a recraqzje og oKo 77 Aasa. Y ruee4y, KoJeMaJKacarpaAv Ha ApBeTy,po4H ce 3-5 cuhyuruux, caa6o pasnujeHrzx rra,ra4yHarla. Y rues4y ocrajy 5-6 ue4ema,a MaJKaHX Ha KpaTKOHarryrrrTacal{o Aa 6u nponauraa xpaHy. Ha xpajy, oHa cnyuTa M a4yHrIe Ha TAoza oH ce npHfAaBHoJ rpynz. Apy)r<kr^r4

Purrrreirr
PzHrrejrr (npcreHopen"z) cy joru r,.ramr.r rr^aHoBu nopoAvrle paKyHa Hefo Koaruju. flocroje ABe Bpcre: praHrrejrr u KaKoMrlcr . O6e xuae y jyxrHrau 4erronarvraCA.{-a. PuHr'Tej.r, }r<vButypa3H}rM craHuruTnMa, a-nzo6zvno ra vMa y creHOBr4T[{M rrpe4e^vMa. Prznrrejrr urrraxyhxacTo-criBo Kp3Ho ca ropr+e crpaHe u 6eao ca 4orae.I4ua HrIe Ha HK Ha ,nucavje, Ma;ro relo H
upIT HTIHO BeALIKe yfivt U O.IU. Hella IIpHy MaCKy HA AuUy,;LAr.r yMeCTO TOra unra 6e,te KpyroBe oxo ovujy. Th6awu cy My I aK,aBvr, a KaHue cy no^yperpaKHa.He (4o uo.ra ce yn-naue). Karcouvcra

Pyaapu ca aMepkrqKor{uvmer 3a,'raAa cy [o yrrpHnHToMH H pr.rHrrej,ra xaxo 6u KoHTpolrrca vr o4ape,\acy 3OOrTOra Ha3Ba v oBy )nlrBoTr,rrbypyAapcKa' MarrKa.llosHara je jour n nao qu6er Maqxa s6or o4nparHor Mvpnca rbeHor ceKpeTa I,IAH Kao MaqKa-BeBepnqa e6or oKperHocru.

PasMuoncaBarbe
Cesona napelba puHrrejla ce AeIIraRa npajerra3nMe \rlt4 y paHo npo,tehe. Y rHes4y wtrw jas6uuu ce pala Ao 5 u.laAynaua HaKoH oxo 52 4aua. O6IavHo o6a po4nre.ra 6puuy o M aAyHI{HMa, MaAa rAaBHy y^ory llvra xenxa. MrraAylr.uu 2 ueceqa floalurby Aa ^oBe ca )r{eHKoM, a npecrajy 4a cwcajy ca 4 Meceqa. flo,r.Hy 3pe ocr Aocrulxy KaAa HarryHe ro4vrHy Aa}{a.

Llcxpana
O6e npcre praHrrejia cy Hajeehu ueco,rq4epH 04 cBt4x paKyHa v vMaJy JaKo orurpe sy6e. Punrrej,r npono4v AaH, cnaeajyhra y ysanoj jas6wwu, o6.roxeuoj uaxonauou z ,rzurheM, AoK KaKoMlrcr y)Klal,a y Apngry. Kaxo naAa TaMa, 2nr,rBoTrlrbe ce oy4e w TeMe,bHo TvMape. 3aruvr flotrltbe -noe. fLAeH xnarajy vs 3ace4e,.{euhe Hero rrrro r-a OBe: )KpTBy 3aCKOr{e, fip.VrTVrCHy rpe4rbvM rrrafraMa,a olr4a yor{y yrpH3oM.3a epar. Marrrl cvcapv v! nrlz\e, 3Mr,rJe, ryrrrTepH, ,r(aoe, Kao v pa3l{vl r.rHceKTr{ nocrajy ?{rpTBeprznrrejrra, a 6wnlea xpaHa - eohe, xurapzqe zjesrpacro eohe, rcojrarvr ce xpaHe, rr'tHr4oKo 25 nocro rtrzxoBexpaHe.

O.rururrocu
Hayvuuqz o6u.ruo npzsHajy rler Bpcra o vHroca, ?IaKoHeKu 3BaHI,IqHt4qz nepyjy 4a6urpu oA tbHXMorie 4a oyAy no4Bpcre. orrzHrocu ,ICr,rBey Huxaparnra, Kocra Puqrz, flanarurlz, Beneqyerrra, leajaHv, Ko"tyu6ujz, Erea4opy, Epa3vt y u ll.pyy. Ovrrl"ireno craHrrrure cy t4M rporrcKe rrryMe. )Itnse y apnehy u aKTvBHrz cv nohv. oa o6uqnor Oa.rzHroije Heruro Marbr4 paKyHa.fberoso AyraqKo reaoje npeKpvBeHo rycrHM, MeKaHvM Kp3HoM 3^arHe ooJe, npouapaHe rIpHt4M t4 r.r

je o6zvuo raunzje 6oje, pen uy je

a AylKLr- [pcTeHoBrr rrr4cy yila4Jbr4Bw, yfir4 cy My 3aluu-[,eHlr. Beha leo roZHHe pzHrrejrr xanu ycaMibeHoHa repzropzjw 4o 3 rcrvr2 rojy o6e.texasa ypr4Hr4palbernr ua o4pefeHI,IM crparerrrKr4M TarrKaMa. Arco rtay
npeTl4 OIIaCHOCT LIAH Ce y3HeMvpt4, I4CnyInTa r acHe KpI,IKe, a rz3 aHa Hlrx )K e34a us,nyuyje rerrHocr o4BparHor Mnpr4ca. Beovra je onperau, cKarre Kao BeBepuqa rz Mo)(e Aa ce noIIHe y3 BeoMa cTpMe rroBprrrzHe. 276

no 3 M. Pen je lpolyr+(eran Te a rz ce
KOpT4CTH 3a O4plriaBarbe paBHo'rexie.

lorc nyryjy xpos 4peehe,.ypuHou o6eIe)fiaBaJy rryTarby,a^u HuJe no3HaTo 4a

U TO rrHHe f4a O].I OOeAe;*iUMepIZTO-

pnjy, rc 6u npueyrctu rrapoBe :ntu Aa 6ru rror,trl la ce Bpare Ky/a cy dottlitr4.

I,Icxpana
O,rrsrocz ce Hajsehr.rvrrel()M xpaHe BOneM, a aKo 4pBo vMa Burue n,\OloBa, oHrr ce xpaHe y rpyrrr4. I4Hcexrz ra Ma r4 cricapz cy ranofe xpaHa, rrleH, v x e a h e n H a K o HK p a r K o r p a j u o r , r o s a .

PasNrHorcaBarbe
O,rnrrrool (e paJMHo,+iaea.jry ceaxo 4oGa ro4urrc. rrar{oH napeFba rvy;rjax o6n.rHo ocraje ca i+(errKoM H noc,re nopclfaja. Hanon rora oHa ra Harrvrura. Iec'r'arluja 'rpaje orio 73 Aa:e^a,a rrHHr4ce 4a o HHrocr nir.rajycavro jeaHor M aJyFrrIa. Ee6a je cHhvrurra 'reurna je calro 55 r rzje c,ra6o paoer.rjeHa. O.rH orBapa Hanolr 27 Aaua, ar\H rre y i i l M a L r B p ( ry x p a n y 4 o r { H e H a r r rr r r 2 Meceua. llo"luy 3pelocr JocruTxe ca cKopo 2 roguue crapoc'l'H.

Kunrcajy
Je4wla upcla nr.ruxajyaBeoMa urrr4Ha
0 HUIOCa, a\H Ce 04 rnefa A OCTa HX qlarjoBa Iropo4Hue par{yHa par,v.rnyje rro 'roMe ruro je je4rro6ojarr. Perr nuje npyra(ll, aAH Je CaBHTJbHBH Ca IbLIM xBara rrpe4ue'r'e. zlla l2 cvr .Knrrnajy l,yl'aqan Je3Hrr, KOJLiMoi'Ke 4a n3Byqe H /[a rbnMe yByqe Mecuare 4eloBe Bohnr.r v c.uca HeKTap r,r Me4 u3 KOtUHr,rqa AVI,b|lX nqe^a. Ayn:uua oBe Bpcre Bapvpa o440 4o 75 cl'l', a uyrxjaqu cy eetrr.r o.1 ,fieHxrz. KnHnajv je npexpuueH r-ycruM, ByHacrt4M TaMHo-6paorr Kp3HoM.,{vraur<u,

A ) KranxajyxraaraHa ApBefiy r ce xpaH'r BofiKaMaKao luro cy A]tBrbe cMoKBe14 raBe,je4e nncexre n nrufie, flyrasxu jesnx uy olvroryfiyie Aacnca HeKrap u3 qBeroBa.
\4 cH tsH aKaMa ( a t'opFbe u 6,re4o irvruM ca Aorbe crpaHe. Excrper,rno Jyra.{Ka pen je ai6yuacr v LrMa BeoMa yrla4.r.ilBe npcreHoBe. Oxpyr,tacra r^aBaJe cn,t'otlt reHa Ha epxy. rsyruxaje npu^HqHo 4yrarrKa rl rufluqacTa, a yrxH cy Ma,te rz oKpvrlacre. Y4oeu oluHroca cy npr{AuqHo KpaTKrr, a KaHue cy troenjeHe rr orxrpe u ce He ye,lahe. O,runrocz rrilrBe ycaM,beHo u H y napoBH\da. faH npecnaeajy. cr<,rynuaHH y jas6uHrz xoja je o6uqHo HafrpaB^eHa v rnyn-rbr4Hu 4pBeTa Lr o6,roxesa rpaBoM. Byle ce y cyMpaK, a rroh no.rurby reMeJbHr4M Tr{MapeE eM. HohHa norpara 3a xpaHoM ce o4sHja 1 apeehy H olli Hroch per Ko o.r,ra:e ua ruyMcKo r,lo. EncrpeMHo cy noxperHr4, ,tano ce rerbv H ca "rar<oholr npecnaqy H

E
ir o
E 6 L

'o

I !

c .9 E

noPoArqA PAKvHA
perr rrrlje ;+i6vuacr, nef-r je lrrnuqacra .le4Ho,\HrrHo rrpeKPuBeH KpaTK()M /,L anou. Ha onpyr,racrcij rlaBu ce Ha a3e IrJr"ocHaTa rbyuKa H KPaTKe, oKPyr e yurr,r.Ovr.r cy HM oKpyr e r'r 6v,tase. 3a pa3 HKV (]4 O Hrrfoca, OBa ;+iHBOl'Hrba rreMa aHa,rH\,;.li-rel4y, seh cauo MHpr,rcil\1. i.KAe3J,\' lra |P\'4HN{a H Cf()Nraril/, rioloM TpJr'a () fpaH'e A qvHtl ce .,14TaKo o6c,le;xaRa'repur'opnj1', MaJa rlarrpaBo 'r() He paJH. KuHnajl, cx()po rieo i+inBol rrp()uo/r,r ila JpBeny, aJ\H cc HfraK BeoMa rriliK-rrrr,Ito rrerbe. Kopuclrr pen Ia 6rl o4pxal r : l ( ) I ) e B H ( ) t c i K \.'l ( ) l i ( ) p 3 ( ) t p ' i l t l i l ) o 3 rl)ar,e. a Ka,,ta l r l ) c l i l : i H c aj e . l H o r . l l l r r e 'r':rHa r'lpyfo oM()r'a I'a oKO HeKe r'[)arre. ()rrro rrHlru ()rrpe3r{o r.r pelalHsno crropo, rre nvur.ragvftn pen AoK ce cr4rypH() He cr\{ecTH Ha gpvfoM lpBeT\l fau rrposcl*4H, yr aBFroM, cnanajyhn y u.tynnnHA HeKor APllela. a ano je BpeMe B ai{iHo, KVHKajy Mo?Ke 4a ce HCnpy;{(H Ha HeKOJrpaHt,|.

Halyj,vhego6po npu^arobeHHM'pyKaMa'. floeoeN{elio. aKo HeMa oMnrbeHe x p a H e . x r . r H x a j y j e 4 eH H C e K r en j a j a .

PasMHoxcaBarbe
flapeme ce 4orala y 6u,ro noje 4o6a ro4nHe. X(eHna cecrjycnpevHocll or^acH TaKO IIll'O HCnyCTI'I MaALr, -[()Hu3HH rrPHK 4OK Jol Ce MVr+(JaK flpHO Hi*iaBa.

I,Icxpana
l .

I lorul o rr() \H c,\aTr\(), r(HrrKaJy Jele eurle coha, HeKTapa r,r Me4a o4 6r,r,rci Kor qlarra nopolt4ue paKyHa. !,uune cMoKBe, fyaBe, MaHfa) H aB()Ka4o cv My ovH,r,('ne sohne. a \{H()r'H rlzuna.jr r.rcc orivn,rajl' rra je4uou JpBerv, aKO oHo rJNraMn()r'o rrAOl()Bil, rrzi olrda cunfrv n eprlru're je4lrH Ha Apyle, A()r{ce 6ope sa xpaHy. Knrrrcajy notrry :r'pa6z ycluMa r.1^r4.Je ofr{HHe ca 4pRe'r'acB(uuM r,r3rre-

fyravnu repnoz recraqHje - ll2 ao je4rrrarv ,rallit aana - (c :talrpuana je npeAyH.reroMnoje rexru ao 20-0r' re
Kpr,rBeHo laMHHM, CpeDPrr()-CHBr,rM rip3HoM. Ovn oreapa HaKOtI ()r'npHAHrre l0 4aua, a M();+ie 4a ce o6ecrl rla pen <a 7 He4e,r,a. }KeHre nrrra.jr n() ro :rpele ca l8 uct errrz. 4 o x u y x j ar t u t a : r p e u a j y o r n p H . \ i l r ( e 9 n r e c e u r .rrc r c r r r r j e .

IIPBEHA

IIAHAA

E^r.r HrDrca nanaa (Ailunn ful{pnena gens) rr.rajetu rr34a-aercaro-lrurco no3rrara rao rltruoBcr(a nauAa, a-lt.rr nacranyje urroro sehy o6nacr - o4 Xuuaaaja 4o jya*re Kurre. flocroje ABe rroABpcre. KaacuQuxyjyhn rIHHoBcKe H rIpBeHe rraEr4e,Her(r l|artHnqx cy IIx cBpcT:r H y Procyonidae nopo4nrly saje4no ca paxyrrnnra. {pyru nx crarrajy y noce6Hy rpyny y ropo4rrrly Ailuridae. IJprena rraHga HMa AyrKnHy re.lta o.4 je 4yravxnu, 50-63 cu. flpexpurena MeKaHHM, rauno x6ynacru rpehune pnfau xpenou. [Len pen je Ayratrax Kao ABe rlerror pena r,r nMa rrpcreuoBe

cner;rnje 6oje. Behu Aeo Kp3Ha Ha ,tnqy je crer,luju Hero Ha re^y, a rryrxrca u BpxoBn yuujy cy joj 6e-tu. rrarr4a yr aBrroM xcuBn y {pnera 6au6ycornnr 6ycrnururra H nlraurrncr(r{M rrryMaMa rra BxctrEaua neuefy I 800 u 4 000 u. Arcrunrra je y cyMpax r{ roxorrr uohn, Kaga ce yr aBHoM xpaur{ 6n,'rnou xpauoM. llapu ce o4 jarryapa Ao noqerxa Mapra, a xerrxa pafa y npocexy 2 crhyruna MlaAyrrqa rrarcorr [epuo4a recraqnje og ll5 Ao 145 4ana. 3a u -nuruha. Terc po[erru M.ltagyurln cy c^enr rl 6ecnorrohrru, r,r.a4a cy flpexprrBenrr KpsHoM. O.ru o:rnapajy noc^e orrrp[.luxe l8 Aana, a r{Bpcry xpaHy noqurty Aa je4y ca oro 4 ueceqa. fforrrro caepenajy ca l8 Mecequ. Mylcjax ne yuecrryje y ro4rr3ar6y Mia4yrraqa. Bpcre ce pae.tuxyjy rro Beinrrnrrrr repr, opuja. Yy"to rrrnpuca rlu je neoua pa:nujeno, a AoAEp, c^yx rr Brr4 cy r{M 4o6pz. Myxjar o6e,rexasa repnroprjy norrohy arraruux MlplcHrrx x( e34a rr IISIYTIIIBaIbeM Qexa-tnja. nopofaj rue3Ao ce npnnpeMa ra(o ruro rpar4r{ o4 urranuha

6
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C

)Ynpxoc o6ntaKyrena, r{pBeHa naHga ce BeuTo nelbe Kpo3 ApBehe noMohy cBojux olurpxx KaHUlr.
278

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d

Ituueau nannaje xajrwnrann$a Pntm tElsnnuba na cemry.Ca,tw Haonntronpdanaenwn oeeepcmc xltsu! dttstounu, nada cey rwuuhu ynxy nerwiru xanopuda ce Qetrc oarcypatur&ooutctruturr.

naHfla HuHoBcKa

je ,rarco npeno3Har,tzBa T-Tu"gu I I no cBoM 4ona&lbuBoMlr3r eAy I Iu e6or rora je raKo no3Hara H oMwbeHa.34enacra je r,rHa HK MeaBeay uo rpalra ra 4pxarby. flpeoe,rafyjyha 6oja tleHor xpaHaje 6etra, aAu uua MapKaHTHe 4eloBe upue 6oje Ha HoraMa,ruaflaMa,tPy4atMav paMeHI,IMa, Kao il Ha rruutl,aa ra oxo ouujy. Ovn cy joj nplr HrrHo cHTHeH crcopo Kao ua.rHje ca 3eHnrIaMa noje usrrre4ajy Kao BeprHKa HH npop$H. Je4na o4 najropr.rclajax r.rnajnpenosIlUtJbvtBr4JI,'x KapaKTepHcTr4Ka naH4e Je Ao4arrrrl na arl nojra nrtra na o6e 3agrbe urane. Oso cy, ycrBapv, npoaylreqr,r gr o6a xojra cy rpenpr.rBeHr,r locrujy r{ 04 r,r3y3eTHor Cy JacryqacTHMTKnBOM enavaja 3a xBaralbe rrlo4oBa rcojr,rrvr ce oBe )Kr{BoTr{rbe xpaHe. Ma4znan4ev,ory Aacroje Ha sa,nrl;vrv, 34enacruM HoraMa.OHe ce, uuarc,yeerc ! rcpehyna cBe qerlrpu Hore, rruuryhH ce $ r.rrerajyhn. Ka4 6exe,-ro qHHe rpaua- ! BLIMKOpaKOM, a^V ce Op3OyMope aKO E 6er norpaje. floruro cy Berrrre y nerm- ! rby, rlecro ce noflHy Ha HHxe rpaHe.4a .$ 6n y6pa,rre n o4oBe, o4Mapa e ce nrvr ie ne6errreo[acHocr. f

f4e aume tra'Ae

Y 4vnmunu ulrHoBcKe naHge )KHBe caMo y HeKoAHKo n3oloBaHux o6aacrra xaa4HHX r{ BIa?KHHX rrryMa, Ha H44l,tOpCrOj

=
MecTo rAe pacre lbvxoBa oMr,r,6eHa xpana - 6ar'r6yc.Yrynnao6,racr ce npocTHpe Ha HeKr.rx 30 000 KMt,a,\a ce cMaTpa Aa naH4eBepoBaTHo )r{HBe Ha Tepr4roprzju 04 caMo 6 000 nu'?.Y orcrrzpy rrryMcKor npe6unarruura cBaKa rraH.4a ooe e)r{aBa cBoJyrepLrropr4Jy raKo rrrro TP/barbeM xie3.4a rcoje npoH3Bo4e Mr,rplrc ocTaB/ba cnoj rpar Ha o4peleuorta apnehy. Tepr,rropnjaje4He naH4e lroxe Aa ce no4y4apa ca repzropnjou apyre, a^r4oue o6r.rHo ns6eraeajyje4Ha Apyry
lI BOAe yCalvlbeHIAqKH )KI4BOT,

Bucumvr rEsuefy1200u u 4000 M yI ?jyxHe r.rrleHrpa^He Huuaua Toje KraHe. V 36or qpHlrx xpyrrnta oxo ornjy x yMl,lrbaTor],|3rneAa, naxgg rrje caMo Ao6po no3Hara, Bef, ie x OMl,lrbeHa.

A Eau6ycoBo nlrurfie, cra6rblrKe !l naHAe. Mnaguqe cy rnaBHa ncxpaHa je norpe6xo OgpacnojnaHAx -a 10-20 xr 6am6yca AHeBHo eefirrxa noieAe]r B]tue,aKoMoxe. Xpane ce lr ApyrrM6nruxama.
ce4He ycpe4 pacrurla 6au6yca H orKH4a cra6mur<enpe4[br4Muranar'ra.flpnHocH HX ycrrua H pe4oM je4e cne ,turuhe, M a4HTJe u cra6.israxe. florc cy 6yAae,naH4e rehHny BpeMeHa npoBo4e jeayhu - pr Ao 16 carz AHeBHo.llorpe6na je rrurvra orpoMHa KO UTTTHHa oaMoyca AA oV O.4p?Ka a cnojy uacy,Ae uMHqHo36or rora ruro 6artr6yc.nuje rorrvxo xpaH6uB, oclrM aKo ce JeAey Be I,KHM Ko^rlquHaMa,a
Ae I4MHTIHO H 3oor TOra IIITO rlA}tAVI}l

E -q o @ o
6 Y

IJraHoucnenaH4e cy aKTr.rBHe roxoM nohn, o4 cyMpaKa4o sope. TorcoM AaHa cnanajy u o4uapajy arrraHeuajy cra^Ho cK oHurxre. llonena4 je ro cxponuro MecToy cTeHaMa, HaIIpvMep r4n.unaK,y InywbnHld4pBera.

E r

cucreM 3a BaperbeHuje rano eQznacaH 9rnre ce narrge xparre Kao Kog Apyrvrx6unoje4a. {on nehzHa Ma4a ce naHae cnpcraeajy y uecoje4e, 5unojega cBapr.r ono 80% ynere xpaHe, IbllxoBa vc><PaIIa ce yr aBHoMcacToJLl fiall.,4a cBapv caMo sexux L7oh, o4 6unarca - ie4y ,,r,ralrhe 6a1716.ca, a Ocrzrvr6arr.r6yca, uHHoBcKanaH4aje4e noce6no M a4lrqe u cra6mut<e.l'an4a 14ocralo 6ttne - rpany, urehe, neqyp-

ZuylHoBcKA

nAHtrA
rz 4pxehu ra rano 4a Molr{e da cr4ca. c M",r,a4ynue naH4e 6pso pacre: ca,Meceq d E AaHa Kp3HOMyJe ro^rrKo 4a ce Ben Br{4e _9 o raMHe Mp,be KoJecy KapaKTepr4crr4qHe 3a o o4pac^e naH4e, a HaKoHJorx ABe He4e,be, m : M aAa naH4a orBapa oqw. He Mox(e Ja 6 xo4a 40K He HanyHil rpH \4eceqa. a lrajxa ra, ao rMa, HocH y Hapy.rjy. o '6' Ka4aje oro ner Meceuu crapa, naH4a Y noqrine ga je4e 6an6yc, a MecerJ AaHa = = g nacHr.rjenpecraje Aa cvca. Her4e rzsuely A Oeo je jegxa oA oKo 1600naxga -EroZHHy rt ro4r4Hy tr rro AaHa crapocrr.r, KojexlrBe y np[poAHoM " traE4a Hanyrrrra cBoJy MaJKy v nocraJe oKpyx(elby. oeAe, y UJyMH cnvyana ! uesaeucra. llau4e He Mory da ce [ape E cee lo urecre rolr.rHe crapocrr4, a ?KeHKe y jyxnoj Kuxn ruoxe Aa npoHabe cBoiy oMr4rbeHy xpaHy- 6aru6yc. f; aoHoce Ha cBer M^MyHrIe cBaKeaBe lo tpu ro4uae. Oeaj cnop npouec penpoI rHauajHo orelnaBa nosehaue E ayrcura.ie 6poja ur.rHoBcKHXila:e4vr y Arrli.;rlur4. I

= A guxoecxe naHAe Mory Aa croje xa 3aAlbt4M HOraMa, arln ce 6pso yuapajy - urro le pa3nor Bl4ueAa ce oAMOpe KaAroAnM ce nppKl4np14nHKa. ) Tex pofieno MnaAyHqe naHAe ce pafia cneno x rorl4Ko je cnfiyuxo ga ra ruajxa y cKopo cTarHo Hocr4 xapyrjy npBlrx HeKOnHKO HeAeJba. [pne uape Ha Kp3Hy nocrajy BtaArbr,rBe HaKOH Meoeq AaHa.

IIOAAIIU O OU3UTTKOJ

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flporleHaje aa 1600 nanga x(uBn y trpupo4r, a ono 160 y 3OO OruKr,rM BpTOBHMa rril4p0M cBera. Crarprcru.rrcr4noaarru o Qusrzvxojrpafz raH4e cy: Bucrana;1,2 -1,6 rvr Bucuna 40 paMeHa:60-80 cr',r Texusa: 75-160 rcr
(}lu6o.n CsercKe opraui.rsaqaje sa 'r;zHoncxa 3auttr4'ry npupoae, naH4a y je HeBO,r,z' npnnynao cBeTcxy nalnrby, a KrrHecna B aAa, joru o4 1950., .rraHa Be rzKe Hanope Aa cal{yBa oBe )r(r{BoTrrrre. Hanpae,teHr.r cy noce6uz pffiepBaTLI y nlaHnFTCKHM npe4e,rr,rua. r<ojr.r o4ronapajy UvHoBcKrzM fialn4aMa v r4e cy oHe sarurnheHe. Thxole, nocrojrz u 4p)KaBHpr ricTpax(r,rBalrKn ueHTap y je4Holr o.1 pe3epBara rcoju ce 6asu nnaHoM rrpolyneTKa BpcTe, Kao rz npoyqaBarI I4May IIpnpoZHaM cTaHVIxTI{Ma. Y je4Holr MoMeHry 6ra,roje npoqeneno 4a he ao 2000. ro4rlHe uuHoBcna rrarl4a asyMpeTrz y cBoM npHpo4HoM craHurxry. Hanopu Ha uelyHapo4HoM rr^aHy Mory 4a AoBeAy 4o or{yBarba oBe BalKHe BpcTe y nprrpo4HoM rr,\aHHHcKoM oKpy)Kerby.

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Ke, yKOBt4rJe, KoperbeH KOpy4peeha, Ovynarre Bpcre Kao H clrruaje crzcape u pu6y rcojy Y pe,raraeuo KparKoM poxy ol orKpprMo)KeZa yloBlr H rz erxtrFry Ha rcojy BaEa naHae, 6poj oeux xrrzBorrrlba ce nazfe. Kao rz ve4ee4r4,nila:a4alr'pap.e ApacTH9HO cMaE'HO, To HKo Aa ce v
3BaHHrrHO CMaTpa "yrpolreHoM BpcToM npern rr3yMHparbe". HapaeHo 4a lojoj flpo4yxeme Bpcre Je y3poK ToMe urTo cy rraH4e npe4craBUe3oHanapelia 3a UHHoBcKe naHaeje ,bale ioBarrxu rpoQe1, a-nHr aBHH pas04 cpe4uHe Mapra 4rl rvaja u y rorrr or FbrlxoBe yrpolKeHocrn je yHzuranepproAy oBe ?Kr{BoTr{rbe rpa)Ke napTHe- Barr,e rxyMcKr,rx cTaHurrrTa pa4v oTBapa. 9erapz, ner lryxjana ce raKMr,rrrr4 3a parra npocTopa3a AaJherxHperbe uvBH)I(eHKy, n H_aKOH rraperba naH4e auraqnje. 36or cvarsena reprzropzja. ? HacTaBthaJy cBoJ ycaMlbeHprrrKH )nrzBoT. no HeKoArzKonaH4a )KHBe,nole nco,roHanou rpr4 40 ner Mecer1v, xeHxa he eauo, ruro je AoBelo 4o nelroiyhHocrrz rroTpar(rzTH Torr^o tr cvrypHo cKpoBHrrr- ilaperba n 4o ura5nerba oBe Bpcre. re y nehuHn vALry rrtytvtre,r.r Ilope4 r ora, e u FbeHh ua je 4a6av6yc ary4puery. Oua sarpeje cx^oHurrrre ,ruurheu tz rpaneM Mr4 pe cBaxr,rx40 ao 120 ro4t4na, y 3aBr{cnpe Hero uro 4oHece Ha cuer ceoje Hocrrt 04 epcre. Ka4a ce nau4e xpehy crEhyunro u 6ecnouohHo M aAyHr{e. Be r,rKrzM rrpocTopr4Ma,oHe Ha a3e MecTa Yecro ce pabajy ABa vur4 qaK rpr4 M ar4e v AaJ,r,e ycneBa 6au6yc. Y 4anaurne AyHqera z no'rpe6ua uv je ee,rzxa BpeMe Haceaa naa Qapve npeceuajy nyr nar{Ea u 6pura, TaKola ce }r(eHKa ycMe- naH4aMa Ka HoBr.rM repuropzjaua.
MCA V3 IIqC HtbHX KOIXHHIJA.

pr.rcaMoHaje4Ho M^aJyHqe,nyurrajyhu yrv]ly. Aa ocTa,^.Id

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M"rra4yrrue rraH4e Tex pofeHa nawtaje caena,6es 4 aKeH HMaMatre oa 150r Tonorrl npBe rprz He4e,be,r(rrBora lrajxa nenpecraHoApr{rr4 MAaAfuue y Hap) rjy, qecro ycnpaBHoce4ehu 280

Ben!tKa, Mac],|BHa ]t, AoHeKrIe, rpanaBa naHAaje eeura y nefbaH'y. Ifax4e ce Bepy no ApBefiy Aa6n Aoune Ao xpaHe,Aa 6t,|[36erne onacHocTunn Aa ce, ieAHocTaBHo, oAMOpe u ocMorpe oKon[Hy.

ro4 Aaje rsxexafyjyhe, ) Konraxo

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nopo4n-la flacwla
pojar4uAacur4e u rcuxo*udnucxu xpamrcopene nacur4e, xepmenun u, meopoeu, xanndcxe KyHe u eenuKe - c) seoMa nacuqe )cnewHnWna uncojeda, a npunaduur4u oaenopodut4e
HULA3g Ce HA C61rM KOHTIUHSHTfuUMA

wyseaAycmpanasuje.
opoAuua Aacv qa r7pr4ila4a fpynu )Kr.rBoTrzrba, no3HaTHX Kao KyHe. Thnzqnoje 4a nyHe

v.vajy Ayra Qaencu6ra"ruarela rr KparKe Hore haKo h\4a HeKHXr<oju nuajy pe arHBHo He3rpanHa re,ra. KyHe ce rpyna rz y jeaHoj ce 4ele Ha 14 rr,ranux
Ha a3e cBv Tr4nr4qHH npe4cTaBHliupl KyHa, yxJbyr{yjyhv v acHrIe. Y ocra,tulr rpyraMa cy Ja3aBurl, BH4pe, Ja3aBarl Me4ap H TBop.

){trlnorurre rre xla,4nujnx

KAI,IMA Behzna KyHa Hace/,aBa rrpox,ta4He AeloBe ceBepHeEepone, Asuje n Arraepune. Hajnoauarrzja eBponcKa Bpcra, AacLl r1a, HaceJbaBaqe,ry Eepony r.t Asujy. Ono je Hajlrarca nyna. tr4rvra BeoMaAyro, BHTKO Te O U BeOMa rro4ceha ua slrujy noce6Ho KaZace npehe. Eeponcna IacHrIa je o6uuua Bpcra, a^u ce perKo cpehe, jep ce xprzje. Y Ceeepuoj AveprzqH nocroje zBe Bpcfe Aacrzrja, Ma,\a H 4yfopena acuLIa.

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A flacnqa je neuunocp4H[ noBar{ Ha Mane rnoAape nonyr naqoBa n Mr4ueBa. l'bena rlrnKocr 14 Br4TKo reflo oMoryfiyjy nu fla yby y ycKe jas6une y norpa3n 3a nneHoM. t( Kparxopena flac[qa, no3Hara n noA Ha3hBoM xepMeflltH, KaAa 4o6nje ceoje 3rMcKo rpsno, je ycaMrbeH[K. Kaga nocrojn nper]ba oHa hcnyura nenpniaraHMltpt4c.

HarJbLrBo -

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y cKoKoBrlMa

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cBaKoM cnoKy nzuuja ,tela y ,ryn. Kasa4cna xyHaje cllrqHa xparxouoroj ^acvr\Ll, a,r,zje eeha. }I{rzeu ri AoBV Ha H Lrlanecy joj ae,rnpeqHrlM o6a,ran,ra
MIIAIHO IIOBC3AHC KO}I(ACTOM MDCXOM

16or n,rhearsa. Ecponcna nyHa noja. roBoprz,)r\rrBr y EepoKaKorbeHHa3rzB nn je pela y oaHocy Ha paHrzje. a,ru TeruKo Je o4pe4r4TH caAarxlr,y .rbeHy pacnpocrparbeHocl Jep Je. To^rzKo c^uqHa aMepr4qKoJ KyHA, KoJaJe Ben Crz6rzpcxa acuua )fiHBH Ha noapyujy yBelrrno rrpucyrHa u y Enponu. IIeHTpaIHe rz ceBepHe Aszje. 3relru, Beauxe acr{ue cy uajnpyuureju xa4a je rbeHo Kp3Ho 6e,re 6oje, cu6rlprrpeacraBHrrrlu nopo4lrrle,racuua. 04 cKa acllqa ce rroHeKaz Ilasr4Ba xepMeocra^hx KyHa pa3^Hmyjyce no roMe AHH. a H oeaj na:ue je r<apaxrepr,rcrrz- ruro cy oZ riLrHe y nerbalby. tr4wajy E qaH 3a npaBe xepMelV He. vrzje np:no 6pszuy MarrKer4 Mory la cnarry c rpaHe nocraje 6e,ro ronon srlue. Kparnopela Ha rpaHy noflyr BeBepvqe.Mely,tacnqaua.Crapor KoHTriHeHra o Aac.u\a Je Je4aH ol HaJpacnpocrpalbe6yxoea,tac d HI4Jr4x npLlna4HrrKa OBe nOpOAHrIe. curla Je HaJpacrpocrparbeHHJa H HMaJe E l je PacnpocrpaneHa y Ceeepnoj Arr,reruupoM Eepone u rIeHrpa He Aszje. 6 Y Eopoea acr{qa, c 4pyfe crpaHe, }r(HBLr () pu\u, Eeponz u Aswjw cee 4o jyra u ceBepHe tr4w4uje. caMo y Eepouu v. sata4uoj Asrljz, a;ru o Ceeepne Anepuxe o Ilreno KpeTaEe je eeolra npeno33a pa3^HKy o4 6ynoee.oHaje sacrynne@ 281

noPoAr4qA rAcr4qA
Tora ruro xona ceojyjasbuuy. Teop Qeper je no,r,ytuema, a-x6uuo (6eo, qpeeuux ovujy) Bpcra rBopa. Kopucru ce 3a oB MaIbLrxrc.tBorllu,a ilonyT 3erreBa v ila\oBa. Ilreroe npe4amje BepoBarHo6uo asujcuu rBop H H3rleza ,4a ce oloMahuo sa E,rzcnona IrcroKy BepoBarHo orco 1000 rrr.H.e. Pu*rmauu cy ra AoHe rz y Eupony ns ceBepHe AQpune.

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KyHal,|MaBefiu pacnoH 6oja og lbeHor eBponcKor cpoAHl,rKa. V EopoBa flacuqa nMa )r(yro HapaHuacry Mprby.

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\.. Ha H ceBepuo cBe ao Apnrzvrcor Kpym. Y cenepHoj Azuju, yMecro 6opoee Aacr4rIe )KVBe pycKu caMypLr,.Tpeha BpcTa,BeAr4Ka xryl'ofp^a ^acuqa )KHBrr jyroacrovHoj Aauju. y ucrounoj r.r

Aaczqe u rruxoBr.r polauH cy aKTnBHz qr{r.{ rr^eH qHHe pa3He BpcTe AOBUT.{, cLITHHX )r(LrBorrzrba. Enponcrca Aacrz,rJa OBr{ [aUOBe, MH[IeBe, CHTHe r^O4ape, Kprurre, xa6e, ua.re nrlrrre u pu6y. Xpa6pa je r.r nenoxo,\e6,brzea y xBaTalL,y nAeHa H TICCTO Haila/.a AocTa npynnuje JKHBOTuEe oA ce6e. llauea Ka4a rpeoa Aa noJypr4 n^eH nonyr BOAeHOI Cr{THOf r Olapa n rerbe ce Ha apeehe y norpa3H sa jajnva u rnv}.vacuqa ce ua. Y Alrepauv 4yroperla cMarpa caBe3HraKoMQapuepa. jep je 6ee npeurla y yHrrlrraBarby r o4apa. Behe ttyue AoBe clr,rLrHe )I(HBo'fItbe, air{, HapaBHo, Mory 4a ce nosa6aee r,r rcpvnuujurr.r n eHoM. Kparnopene "taculle qecro oBe noA 3eM,boM, Bpenprprue H nar-loBe. 3eueeu cy lalyhn JeAaH OI\ r aBHHx OOALTKaI4CXpaHe Kpa'fKopenlrx AacHua, a 3eLI 3acKutIH H rrapa Hrxe ce 04 cTpaxa Ka4a My ce acuqa npu6ialKrz. Kao u cBe apyre KyHe, KpaTKope[e acl]qe ,\oBe Ll 4ovahy AVB,t.a-u r4 )+rrlBr,rHy. Be.,rr.rrcaacuua jypn ceoj n eH Kpo3 apeehe H aKo Mo)Ke 4a y oBH ri Betseprzqy. MelyrHM. roKoM srnae xa4a je

Bpcre Hosor cBera

Ilocroje 4Be Bpcre Hoeor ceera. ANaepnr{Ka acHr-Ia }fiHBz yrlaBHol,r y KanaAV V r$ello CTaHVTUTe npOTeXe Ce 04

IlyQayH4,tew4a 4o Anacxe. OHa uajnn[re i4r}IBHy rrryMaMaH peTKo ce Mor(e Bv4err4 Ha r y. IbeH pofan, pn6o,r.oje uajeeha acrrqa. ear1, Teoponu norlzqy ca Crapor KoHTHHeHTa.O6zqna rBopoBH cy rrpr4cyrnr4 yr aBHoMy Eeponu 4ox rr,uxoea 6,nucnu polarlz, MpaMopHrr rBopoBrz n asujcrcu, EnepcuaHoeu rBopoBrr nacenaeajy npe4ele jyxrue Asuje. O6u.ran rnop je H3y3eraH rro pa3Ho,nac KOcrH craHnvtra y xojuir.ra Mox(e 4a E orrcraHe. Oceha ce Kao no4 xyhe Ha o neilrqaHr'tM AvHanaa, creHaMa, Qapuaua o u 6pAuva. Melyruv, Blrrxe Bo^ri aa ce m
f,

HaCTaHLI y IXyMaMa,

a TOKOM 3IIMCKIZX

MeceIIv, rro3Har je no rorvre Za rpax(lr c 'o cr( oHHrxTe y HanyrrrTeHr.rM 3r-pa4aMa.E Mpanaopnz reop je neo6fi.rau s6or I6 282

MaI6e XpaHe,--raK ll aMeplrrrKa acIrIJa MO]Ite 4a cule ca 4pBera Ha T o y noTpa3u 3a fr eHoM.

PasMHolraBarbe
Aaclrqe )KHBe y rrapy,atla eehnHa npurra4HrrKa oBe rpyne cy ycaMrbeHlruH. Myxjauu H )KeHKere cnajajy Ha KparKo 4a 6z ce napulu, a oH4a i(eHKe calre o4rajajy M^a4yHrre. O6u.rHo ce nape Her4e c noqerKa rollzHe, Ma4a KpaTKopera acuqa yo?fier41 ce ycileuHo napu u ao npaja jy,ra. Behuna nyHa KOTri Ce CaMO JeAHOM rOALl[IIre, a I4 AacHue ABa nyra. O6r.rqHo y HaKOry vMa oA ABa AO CeAaM M aJyrrIIaAll, MaJa rBop Qeper Molr(e Aa 4oHece Ha M alyHaIJa H rrpeKo Aecer cBer (pexopa je J8). fleplro4 recraqHje Bapr.rpa usue{y 40 u 65 AaHa, L H y Ce npoFTeKHM C yqaJeBHMa 3HaaraJHO rvlr{aBa s6or saKacHelor cMerurarba M aJor elr6prlona y narepuqy. M,raAyr{uu Be"\r{Ke, KparKopene H 4yropene lacrrrre 4ola3e Ha cBer og 200 go 300 aaHa HaKoH flapetla. M,la4e KyHe ce pubujy y rHe3aHMa. C)na,cy' o6H.rno J{anpaBrber{a oZ cyBor ilz[rna, MaxoRrrrre H TpaBe u Ha^a3e ce Ha 6es6e4HoM Mecry y jaz6auawa 4pyrHX ){rnBo',rHrbay cTer{aMa H,\U lyooKo Y tr:ylr1,rtruta 4pneha. Berrrzne aCHqe qecTo Kopr,rcre fHe3/44 BpaHa r,r^I,r BcBepuua. I{arra4cr<axyrra rpa4r cnoje rne3/xo of4,Kp3Ha r,r rrepJa.

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fla nHnrany 360r Kp3Ha

l\eKo ('y KyHe (hTHe r{huorHrLe, orre ,raxo ry6e relecHy rolrlory, na s6or 'rol-a oFre KoJe )ril4Be y [o4pyqJHMa xla4He (etsepHe r( HMe rzvajy vemo. Taxso r<psHoje ( yLrrrrar4e6e,ro Kp:JHo. cKH oHTHO KaKO bH O4pXiaBa H TeAeCHy ]-eMrreparypy, a v y MHorLrM c^y, r a j e e n v a r o r . r v R e H h i av a u a . j e p c y -je
J

A Eyxoaa nacnqa ce nelbe ca naKofioM,Jloeh nrnqe h BeBepnqe yBeqe nnr4yiyrpo, a Aarby cnaBa. V 6ena ]byuKa u 6ena $nexa usa yulrjy cy o6enexje raopoea. Oee npaBe Bpcre ce perKo nelby 14 nnn 6nu3Y rna. rHe3AaHa 3eMrb14

ro llrta Ha HurxaHy yIIpaBo c]'orr,rFraMa 1 6 o r r u e r a .J e 4 u o o 4 t t a j r o : t t t a r r r j r a x upc'ra je Kp3rro aMepl{qKe nyne. Y noqeTKV cy Kyrly oBt{ u Ha HC'I'H
HaqHH KaO H 4pyfe Kp3Hare xnBoTurbe, alr,r roKOM 19. eeKa orKplrBeHo je 4a oea ?r(r4BoruFba Mo?I{eycneuJl{o 4a ce o4raja y orpaFluqeFroM npocrop)/ H npea <papua KyHa ocHoBana je y CAAy 1866. fo ne4ecerrlx ro4HHa 20. eena, OBaKO ilpolz3Ber'[eHa Kp3Ha npolaBa a cy ce no rjeHrr oA ABa MH,\HOHa ro4lrxrbe caMo y CAA-1. llpea Qapvra KyHa y EpIEraHr.rju ocHoBaHa je 1929. Anepr.rurca Kyr{a ce nouepuujanHo ysraja y Esporru, jep ce cMa'rpa 4a je meuo KpsHo 6o,ne o4 KyHe Kp3Ha eBporrcxe rcyue. {ue,te r]MaJy v pa3r{nM HUJaHCaMa lp?Ho opaoH boJe, a^rr BerrrraqKoM ce^eKgnJoM ysrajHea.ra ao6zjeHe cy pa3He tloJe y pacrroHy oA oe^e 40 cKopo rJpHe. Cuarpa ce 4a je Kp3Ho Be IzKHX aeno. Tonou Cpe4rcer cuqa noce6Ho BeKa Eeporru, oBe lacuqe cy 6u,te y _ F v o 6 u q a i c u e . a r n D H B , n a e H o ( Tl b r 4 x o qHrr,eHurjoM Aa 8 BOr. Kp3Ha 3aJe4HO ca cy 40 uxJe oH o ,\aKo y oBnTa,4oBe^rr 3 6 TOfa Aa Cy MaCOBHO yHtrrxraBaHe. 19. eexa, 6u,r.e cy rrornyHo ff flovernoru s6pucaHe y MHoTHM xpajeenva. Pycll fi I cavyp uMa note6uo vexo. 6oraro rzHTeH3LrBHo xla4Hor $ r<psHo s6or

283

noPo4rqAflAcr4qA
{ llJynrue gpeefieje uecro rAe MHOre Bpcre npaBe rHe3Aa. Eyxoeen 6opoeenacrqe cy jegnnu uecojegr rojra
MOry Aa 14CKOp14Cre uynrbnHe y 4paefiy. V 14eBponcKa h aMepnqKa KyHa

fiqclqo, KporKopeno nocltqo,Qeper,reop, KyHo14 BenhKo nochqocnonoiyy pen Mecoieno yt nopo1rqy Kyna, Benntuno: 17-23cu, so 60-80cu (nocrqo pr6onoaoq) Hoirorro rcchqo (lvlustclo nivolkl Ct'r6npcro rocrqo (liustcla sibhaicdJ Eyropeno nocruo (liudcla frenotoJ l-lpxoxoro noclrto (l,lustalo nigripcsl Kpmropeno locrr.lo, xcpMcltH (ltlustclo ermncaJ Erponcxo ryxo (lvlustclo lurreohl Areprrxo reyno(lvlustclo isonl Eeponcrr rzop (ltlu$clo putoiusJ Crencxrr rr.op (lvluslela cvcrcmonniJ Mpouopxr taop (Yormcla pcrcguna) f.lpxoxou gcacr. (hluttelo nignpcsl Eaponcro6oporo rocrqo (*lortels nortcsJ Syxoao nocluo (liofiet hinol Aneplvxo noctr{o (lvlaldrors amcriconoJ Pr5onoroq ( lvlartespc nnonliI Pycxr,r coxyp (lvlortcs ibcllinal Xyrorpno noctqo (ltlartcs flwigula)

nnaiy
cKnoHltuTa yt

pasunoxaaajy ce y jas6rxarua
Ha peqHuM o6anannan npoBoAeMHoro BpeMeHa nopeA BOAe.
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oxpvr+ierba i+iHnn.Cnopo 4a je ,t' xcljer,r 6rzo uc'r'pe6Jbeu rrpe Hero rur.o cy Pyiu olnpulu Aa Mor{e 4a ce ysraja rra <papMAMA HA UCTH HAqIZIJ KAO H KVIIA.

r{p3Ha tr 4oLrpa xavrrp,la;+ia v 'r'oKy3HMe, a^rj FbHXOBa r aRrra HaMeHa y MHOThM B e p o B a l H o j e r a / a ( e v M a r b H r y 6 u r a r < AenoBuMa TorrI()Te. flpouena 6oje ce nocrrzi+ie cBera. Tar{o rrrro ce o46aqH 6paon r'l aKa H uor"rorJo H3pa("r'euoen <,roj 6e,re z,rarte. K a o n u p a r x o p e n e r z< ' u 6 H p t ' r < e . \ a ( . H u e . 'r aKo n o6H,rrreAacHrle verr,ajr Kp:rro ttoce 6rro v ceBeprnzM o6,racruva cBolHX c'r'aHH[rTa. Heno,nnno <panro;ra r,rMa ylorv y loue. [Ipso, rrocroju rer-rercKn Qanrop noJH npBeHcrBeHO ouorvhvje ouaj npt> qec. Kpa'ruta o64aHnqa u na/'reMnepar y p a . B e p o B ar H o n u a j y y^ory ) <-r4pefnuamv na4a he noqerH 4a uz6uia Hosa 6e,\a 4'\aKa. Ha r<pajv. usueHa4uu rral TeMfrepaTvpa Mor{te 4a rr3a3oBe Har o orla4arbe cTape A\aKe txTo Moi+(e 4a ce 4ecH \/ nepHo4v ()4 TpH AaHa y
CKCTPCMHHM VC OBHMA.

be,ta

PaeHo6ojya Kp3Ha

Y Ayro, rycro, E o cjajxo Kp3Ho C) 6opoee nad,rqe je B TpaxeHo,a oBe Bpcre cy e,lnMlrH}|caHe
d d @

c d

Hene rcparr<opene acHLIe, Hanpr.rMep oHe noje xuee v CeeepHojAuepu- c gh., He uemajy a aKy r.r ocrajy 6paon d E o boje rorolr qe,te ro4HHe. Cauvno ie H -9 O - oB4e 6e,rnx ,racuqa o Hajvry EHr,recne
lrMa caMo y HeKHM 4e OBUMa,rXTOyKa_ 3yJe 4a acilqe ) /p\rHM o6,racrnva BepoBarHo, Heuajy reHercKr,r Qaxrop noju ouoryhyje pacr 6e,re 4rane. 284
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A llpox4prbt4BI{t4ce raKo rasneajy,jep ce yrnaBHoMnpex4epaeajy nreHoM, Hapoqnro 3l,tMt4. { Kaga nruavxajy ocl4tbaK, npyracrlr rBopoBu 6ogrue yKnabaiy, earuajyfin ce no rny.
TBOPOB MHPIIC .tacnga rruajy rropo4rqe Cnu .rlanosr .ruje us"tyvealrne ce aEaJrrre xle34e, aa o6errexasarre reputopuje. ro4 .x,res4a je uajpaerujeruja rnopa, xojn uoxe 4a Ecrtcue raxr(E M,lta3 TeqEocru o4Bparuor Mr{pnca na 6u,to Kopncre Ona rojy
EMa

o 6

Haxo cy nporcdpnuequu meopoeu npunadnut4u nopodur4e tlocuv4a, owu trucj y 1nucxotvt cpodcmay. Taopje m, no3H,arn, saxea,nyj yhu odepamno xadaje r*upucyxoju npoueeodu jedan od yzposreu,doxje npotrcdpnuear4 najcnatruujux cucaparne Benuquwe.
ocroju 12 epcra rBopoBa y rrerr{pH po4a, a.^.I-j npox(Ap,bnBaq Je JeAVHa Bpcra y cBoM je4uuw Apyrwr{rvBecaMo po4y.tr4arcow reprroprzje oBHX )KHBoy Arraepuurz. Trrrba ce perKo nperca,auajy. llpox4prbvBur4 Hace,baBaJyrrryMe rr TyH4pe apnTrzLrKr.rx u cy6apnruLrKrix npe4ela,
4OK TBOpOBa krMa y pa3HLrM craHH[rrHrroJr'rIMa, TpaBHaTr,rM Ma - rxyMaMa, paBHullaMa, IlycTzrr,aMa, KaMeHVTIIM

oco6y
{OBOJ'bIIo

lr",tu )r{sBorurry [perrEy.

MaCgOr

rrpe4craBJba

flpyracru

rcoja rrry tnop

4A

MomyCa

rrpe4elrrMa, qax H npe4rpalurraa. X4eporr,e cy najeehu q^aHoBrr noporlqe Ha MeaBeAVrJe Lacurrfa. foHex,ne rluajy ee,nuxy r aBy ca 4e, rorxro rrrrrJbaToM lr'yrxKoM rz Maie, oKpyr acTe yrrrH, r oMa3Ho Te o ca MeKaHoM, rycroM, opaoH 4 aKoM, KpaTaK pen H KparKe, a-\rr MacvBHe y4oBe. Ilreroee lrane v Hore riMaJyJaKe KaHue.

Teoponz cy Marbrr r{ ,laKrrrIz, r4ano vl oww uvajy npltluqHo 34eracro relo, KparKe yAoBe H rurlpoKa crorla a ca jaxzu KaHuaMa. Ynagrut'rzo upuo-6e,to Kp3Ho Baprrpa Ko4 pa3^Ltqzrr4x BpcTa, a rrecTo rr y oKBrrpy JeAHe BpcTe. Hajveurha Bpcra, npyracrr4 TBop, vMa 6e,ry npyry Ha qe^y xoja ce paqBa 04

rrcrucEe 5-G Lr.^asora, Canro je4au og mx je 4oro;raH Aa rrlasoBe trrrTextfiBan 6o,r mu [p[BpeMerro crrenr-no.Trop ory TeqEocT Mo)Ke g,a EcTr{cHe 4o AaJb[rre ()4 npexo 2-3 rvr.Aro je E3arBaE, trpyracrrr TBOp percD, Tpyrllta HoraMa E rro4ErEe pen. Axo E Tai4a Ee oABparE yJbesa, oE ce carnie. r aBoM u perroM oRpeEyrEM Ka rbeMy E trcrrPcKa ra y3 EeBepoBarEy rrPegB3Hocr.

nPoxAPJbuBqvl t4TBopoBtt
{ Mnagyxqra rBopa lrcrpax(yjy
CnOrbal|llbl,l CB9T

Ilcxpana
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HaKOH 5 XeAerua. Haxox 6-7 Hefletrra ngy 3a MaiKoM, AoK oHa HOfiyrpax(r xpaHy. VTeopoeu noHeKaAAene poBoBeca ApyrrM BpcraMa )t(l,tBoTlrlba nncmlaMa nnn paKyH14Ma.
KopeHa Bpara. u rrpyx(a ce uus o6e crpaHe ael1a. YynaBr4 pen Molie 4a 6yae upnu,6e,rn u,lu o6e 6oje.

,E c
o o c o o c U o

l BopoBl,r H npo,+i4pJbrlBun cy Mecofepz. oen Apyru rluajy uapovnro 4o6ap arrerHT. Aoee us 3acele Ma,te f o4ape, rrrHrle u xa6e. 3uwu y6ujajy eehe x(usorr{rbe, MaAa ce raKBI{M )KrlBorHFbaMa xpaHe yr aBHoM y o6,rwKy upKorr.{ua (lrprnzx xueornma), jegyhu ocrarrie ByKoBor nleHa H lt )r(HBorHEe noje ynaany y sarurcy.Onaj HaqHH HcxpaHe MecoM 4onyrcyjy u noBpf-IeM, Hapoquro 6o6uqanaa, aj'l1. H JaJVMa nTHria KOJeCe rHe34e Ha T y. Teopoeu ce xpaHe MailrM cvcaplrMa, alrQrl.6ujana, AHceKrHMa, 6y6ava n [TurrJHM JaJvMa, KaO u noBpneM Ll eoheNa. Teop ca cBHrr,cKoM rbyuKoM HaJBr{ueJe4e HHCeKTe.

PasMHorKaBarbe
Kapanrepucrr.rrrHo 3a pa3MHoxaBarbe TBOpOBa H rrpolKl,p,r,nBaua-Je ol ox(ejajHe Ha rlnn,naHrarluja on,loleHe he,lrzje y Matepvqy. llpongp,raeqrz ce nape o/ anpH^a 40 cenTeMopa (oBo npoaylneHO BpeMe nosehaea ruarrce 4a HeKa ycaMJbeHa )r{HBorrzrbaHale nap), a Kore ce o4jaHyapa lo anpala. llepzo4 rec'raqzje je 30 ao 40 aasa.

Ilaeure
CeaKn nporrr4p,br,rBar\ _r4waorpoMHy repnropnjy - I 000 nlrZ v,ta Brzrre 3a 6 rrayxjarce. 40r{ )rteHKe r.rnajy Heurro E uame. feo repraloprlje ce 6pauu nao l E npHBaTFra CBOJHHa,. 3HMn XeHKe MOfy P Kao Ll Aa ce Haly lra HcToJTepnTopr,rJH vyxjaqu. Je4Ha xenna 6p^aHrz eKcn^y- o6opeHor,r 4e6,ry - rze HanpaBe erlo 3r,fBr-ru o4,rnruha H l'paBe. Oue cy HOhHacreoAeo oa ono 350 xvi rca4atoguxe nopoarzqy rorroM rrpo,reha H Aera. per6a, a u noHeKa4 MOry 4a ce Bu4e H Tepuroprzja ce o6errexaBa MuprrcoM Aawv. Y norpa3r.r 3a xpaHoM npe^a3e Kao u ceKpet'oMH3 Be,rHKe pa3Ja6uHe, n()nena4 u no 45 ,vpaHan <pena,u.rja, cr()NraqFre l4^r.r fl)y4He )ri^e34e. riM .,lHetsHo l4 \/ul)Koc BeiI{ru4HH Mory Y onuulty 4a 9ooje.'repr.rro n j e _ ; + i a e - la,loru.rpajy Buue <-r4l0 nu. - p(x)Hqrr() porbe ce,KPH.lyy Ja3or.rHu o4 )n4eporba, Behu{pyxenyOnsvju
HeKOJ rrenuriu, nyKOTHHLI y cTeHLT ll1.A|j

06z.{}ro ce palajy 2 ao 5 M^aayHarra rlpolK4pJr'r4Baua, c^enu u 6ecnonohuu,

Teopoer nprnonoiy noposhr.t, lvlephitidoe; npoxgprbrBqh nprnonoiy nopoahttl't lvlustelidae.

nPoxlPrbt4Buh
Gulo gulo Ilyxrxo rero l,trnqBo: ,Eo I u' Tcxlxo: so25rr TBOPOBH Ilpyrocrx reop (lvlephitit uc,phitisJ Taopco KonyrDorto[ (lvlcphitis uocrouraJ l'lerorl rBopoErl Tpra epcre poao Spilogole
Taopoal cBhHcKor Hocq fler apcro ,3 poao Conepatus J[yxrxo rnole H rano: Boprpo os 4O-68 cn, y 3oBhcHocru o[ Bpcre. Pcn:no 45 cu. Toxltxo: so 3 xr.

y jaa6nHz nojy xieHrca HcKorra lacrto1 cHera. C,,ucajy Ma o 4y)r(eol 2 r.aeceqa, a ()4 \{aJKece oABaJaJy yJeceH. KoJ eehHHe rBopoBa ce naperbe o4er.rja oa Qe6p1,apa ao anprj^a, a M^a4yHqH ce patjajy 04 anpu^a ao jyaa. Ha rBopoBa Ae^H 'repulopuje, a noHeflpaerz rrepuo/ r'ecraqrlje BapHpa t-l4 rca4 *t jaz6uue. Pagu ce o lro43eMHptM 42 ao 62 AaHa Kol pa3llirrr'rrr.Ix Bpcra. TyHe VMa Ca BHrUe KOM()pa U y^a3a. Moxe Aa ce po4Lrr.r4o 10 rBOpoBa y je4Hov ,rer,ry,lra4a je :a eehnny upcla llerasu rBop Moxie 4a carpa4u rHe34o 14 y rryrvbuHu Heuor 4e6"ta. Behlrna ycr6r.ruajeno4-5. C,xenq Ha polemy, rBopoBa cna4a y uolrrre xinBort4 r-be. M^aJyHrlH ornapajy or{H HaKOH 3 ao 4 rrefaBH TBopoBH cy aK1'HBHHy cyMpaK. He4e,/be, Kaaa o6u.rHo 4o6ujy u 6ojy Y ceeepHurr.rZe oBuMa cBor craHnlroapac^e.je4rzure. Oa6ujajy ce oa cHCe Ta, rrpvracru TBop veclo eetrr.r 4eo IraKoHB ao l0 HeAetba, a [yrry Be uqH3HMe npoBo4vl y cl'aTHqHoM cTarby. Hy 4OCTHTHy ca OKO 4 rr.reCerla. M^a4yuZano He cnaeajy snMcKrlM cHoM, HeKu y jeceH. a KaAa urz ce o4najajy o4 rraajne 'r'yrre^uMa H no BHrxe ocTaJy y CBOJLIM HarryHeje4ny ro4nny v caMHnrx-rajy oa 100 y3acrorrHnx AaHa. crroco6unaa ce pa3MHoxaeajy.

)Tnopoen qeo AaH npoBoAey cBoioi ias6nnn, a y cyMpaK lt3na3e y norpary 3a xpaHoM.Kyrnuqe npoTlrB Morbaqa lrx Ap)KenoAarbe oA Kyfia,jep xe noAHoceKaMSop.
2A

Butrpe
Budpescu,ae Mr cauwKovrnutuvrnrr,Jrta Hlr caerny, octr,tvt u ua ! Aycrnpa,nasuju Anmaprcmuxy. Ilocmoju 13 epcma,a cee Jcuse) eodeuu,n cmanuurrnrlMa, ctuntu,M u cnamxoeodvvlIvr,, u,anocennoeedo6po ocelnjy u rut Komry.
uApe npwna4ajy nopo4r-rqn :nac;arla u je4wr,e cy npaBe aruQu6uje us re nopo4llqe. Pasr\n.{zre Bpcre lr4qe je4He na Apyry, uaKo ce pa3^HKyJy no Be^r4quHu, 04 opLrJeHTaIHe BVApe ca Ma HM rcaHr,rarua vnja yKynHa Aylr<vHaLr3Hocu oxo 66cu 4o Brr4pe,4yraqKe u 4o l40cv.. uHHoBcKe Cee eu4pe urrrajy opereHacra reia, Ma y rlaBy u ilrur,ar pen. Hore cy rarnr npH HrrHo KpaTKe, a MHore BpcTe urraajyurane ca Ko)KHrIoi\{varraely npcrujy u oruTpe KaHue. KpsHo vrw rav^a fycT.r4 cJ\oJnpeKo. Kora ce Haia3H Aor+,r4 c oJ AyrHx I aKa, KoJe Kp3Ho rrlrHe 4erbe u,tu per(arbe. Th snyura Mory 4a HenpoMor{LrB14M. 6yay los4paBrr, rro3HBH, rrperrbe kl 3Harln sa ys6yHy rasrtaefy )KeHKH kl flannre Ibr,rxoBr,rx M^azyHarla, [apoBa v Apyfvx Behuna BvrApLr )r<]1,Pj1' y 6rrusnHn no4e Bvr4pvry Aaroj o6rracru. Bn4pe ce cMa'eece,ruu' - o4 yurha, noroKa 14cnopHx peKa Ao rpajy xusornruama rcoje ce jeaepa, pe3epBoapa, Mor{Bapau 6apa. npeephy, K^H3erz aapamajyy BoAy. CrvroHurura H Mecra, ua rcojurr,ra cnauajy, cy. nM yrAaBHoM jas6une rcoje LIcxpana HCKOnaJy y perrHr4M ooa aMa, ca yAa3vBra4pe cy MecolK4epu u je4y cBe rrrro Ma noA BoAoMv vr3IJadBOAe, MOry 4a yxBaTe y pa3HLlMcraHlrrrrruMa - prz6e,jeryne, paur.rhe, Mopcxa rlaApa najeurue o6urasa y xpa6e, MeKyu- OHa r{aK v CnaBa y MOpy, y BO,4r4 rJer.rxa6e. Hexe npcre, rtaely nojuruaje aexajy oa MopcKe rpaBe. Mopcrca pr eBponcKa BIIApa, ce xpaHe BOAeHHM BlaApace nopafa y Mopy H HapaBHo,y [THrIaMa U Cr4CapVMa. Ir'eMy CeId xpaHz. rv4pe uuajy raxrulHe, orrrrpe _Coe Bra4pe cy Hohne )KaBorrrrbe. Hexe cy opKoBe oKo rbyrrrKeKoJeKopHcTe I{.ad.a aKTI,IBHe14 Aarby Ha MeCTUMa t4e krx Tpare n,teH no4 Bo4oM. Pasr\H.rure .6yAI4yr aBHoMHe y3HeMupaeajy. Bpcre yr aBHoM Huajy pa3^HqHTe flonaurane Bu4pu Bapupa. Mnore, Mero4e npaherm l(prBe. Herce srpa6e nonyT eBporrcKe Bn4pe, cy yr aBHoM pu6y uananaa, 4oK je apyre -x-aarajy caMorrbarln, HaKo nap vryxjarca A Br4lrrrlaMa rz jaxzu zy6uvra. Mopcca )r(eHKerpoBo4u Jocra BpeMena saje4- Bv4pa Je HaJnpelpe4eHr,rJa r4 BeoMaJe Ho roKoM ce3oHe flapeba. Apyre, yr aBHoM ur.rHoBcKa BvrApa, Bu4pa rleraBor Bpara H oplrjeHralHa BlaApa ca Mair,rMKaHuaMa,?KvBey Ma^vM fpyrraMa, 4oK ce ocraie nonexa4 cpehy noje4arravno, a noHeKaAy rpyfiaMa. Hexorruxo BlaApw lrMa orpaHr4rreHy repuropujy, rcojy o6ea,exaaajy ceojzu - rojecr, MHpzcoM r,r3)K e3Aa Mr.rpprcoM Ha KopeHy pena, ypt4Ha n Qenaruja. One, noje ?KHBe y nopo4r4r{HrrMrpyna- o E o ua, ulaajy eaje4ur,rvrca Mecra y xojrarr,ra .q cHa)KHHM KaHUaMasaxonanajy yplrr. H o e 6 Qena.ruje y 3eM6y. Oee xueorlrlbe [por,r3Bo4e Be uKLr 6poj suyxoea rcojn ce nasrzaajy Kr4Kora- o lbe, rlBpKyTame, rrajame,rynfarse, [pe- :

s
u .9 .9 o
Y

A opnjexranHa BltApa Man[x KaHUlrl,tMaBITTKO TenO ll ull,ltbaT pen Aa 6n naxue Morna Aa ce Kpefie noA BoAoM y norpa3ll 3a xpaHoil.

E .9 o o

e I z
o
o

A Eeponcxa peqHa B[Apa

)l(1,181,1 l,l flOBH

cai,ta. oxa je npoxAprbnBau norpe6aH ioiie 1xr xpaxe

AHeBHO.

{ [nnoacxa je nara BnApa Mera3a noBqey Auepnqn, arx ce 3a6paHa noBa He npume*yje
AOC'|eAHO. 287

IBUAPE
{ Mopcxa BuApa HeMacaro Kao lt3onaTop,3a rpeialbe ioi Cnyxl,l Ae6eno, AyraqKoKp3Ho.

t E -9
6

V MopcKe BlrApe = BehHHy BpeMeHa npoBoAe y BoAr,l E u ce xpaHe, nnyraiyfir4 Ha nebrMa. o

o
06

o U o c d

- r.i',l|ilrt,

A Bugpa neraBor pena xltBll jyxxo oA Caxape y ManlrM rpynaMar4nI napoBnua. lbexa je 90 - 115cu. Ayxr,rHa ^yKaBa Kaaace paArro xpaHu.Ka4ace
AOKOna n^eHa, OH Ia U3Ba,4HHa nOBpruraHy, Hoceh14 v'atr4 KaMeH. flayrajyhu ua aelurr.ra, Blz4pa craBu KaMeH Ha rpyAn 14ylapa ulKo,r'rcy ceoje oBHHe o KaMeH 4a 6u je orBoprila. Behuna rla4pv AoHoc?r n eH Ha noBprxhHy Boae 4a 6u ra no.jerra. a MHore ra H3Hoce u na o6a,ty. Bn4palra cy norpe6He BeAHKe KollrqrzHe xpaHe Aa 6u 3aaoBoJr,Hle cuojy npoxAp"br4Bocr H 4o6rz,te norpe6Hy eueprnjy, na 3aTO OBe r,r nO HeKO LKO rryTa y TOKy aKTLrBHor Aella AaHa. Herce epcre ,roee :ajegHo - peqHe Bndpe, Hnp., qecro paAe y napy Aa 6r.r Harepa,re jaro prz6a y orpaHHqeHu npocrop. nao mro je pyKaBau, Me Hx oHla aKo yxaare. Cee BHApe rzlrajy jarce sy6e, urro rzM oMoryhasa 4a c^oMe pu6"re nocru n jaxe olc one JbycKapa, noje ryrajy.

Brape nprnonoiy nopoarur Muslelidoe, = E y xoiycnonoiy n :a,opoBt't, iorosqla, -9 xtrourue. BrApe noctqe r cnlqHs o [utrinoe. npr.rnonoiy nolnopoar,lqh o , llocroix13apcro pogoBo. y coroM o Tycnonoiy:
6
I I

Brrpo (Ptoronuro brorilicndrf Urxoeoxq JyxnoAlteprro. Croxrure: luhirf alnpo (Enhydro Mopcro - oA Croxrure: llourQr,rxo o6ono KouQopnxie aoArbocKo, Pe,rxo rlnpo {lontroconodenrisf Ceeepno Ameprro. Crottl,ture: Erponcxo/eepoo3ricKo Blrrpo ([uholuhof Croxrulre: Eapono l l4nnoneuio, Cerepno AQprxo. Bpfio([uhomooolicollis] Btnponeroror ASprxo, Croxrure: iyxnoon Coxope. Opiexronxo Btrpo Mo,r'lx Kor{ul cinereurf [Amblonpr Croxrure:llnauiol iyrorcrovxo Auio.

urz Harlo^a oApacry, KaKo oll .JoJlloMorao za ce 6przHeo rbuMa. Behusa BVApr4 cnaAa y yrpolneHe Bpcre. Hajerzu-reurrere nn,rje uaHeo qoBeK. OH ie BeKoBuMa orlno oBe )KnBorhrbe J6,ra *r*ouor ae6eaor u npe^enor Kp3Ha.

3arurnhene Bpcre
Y 4auarurue BpeMe Ha xvnaAe Bla4pv BoAa y rcojr,rnra yrvt He 16or raralerta ?rtuBe, Kao H s6or yHuuraBaH,a lbuxoBor claHprura. MHore eBponcKe Blr4pe rr4Hy oA ayrono6uaa. Cee epcre cy caAa garurzheue. Aoe je He era aH y rIeAoM cBery, r.raKo Je TeurKo Aa ce cBy4a 3aKoH rrpaMeHH. tr4zr"re4a 4a cy HeKe Bpcre pa3BIz e oTfropHocT rrpeMa HeKUM o'fpoBHMa, na ce nulajy r{ Ha MecrplMa r4e cy HeKaAa 6ute nornyHo ucrpe6,teHe.

PastlrHoxaBarbe Hene epcre BLrApr4rzuajy o4peleny ce3oHy rraperba - o6uqHo y npo,tehe; apyre ce rape y 6ra,to rcoje Ao6a roAuHe. lecrarlr'rja,yr aBHoM,rpaje ueruely 60 z B0 AaHa,a Ll Ko4 HeKHX Bpcra nocrojn o4lolKeHa HMnIaHTauraja on,tolene jajHe heavrje y Marepully )KeHKe. Be,ru.rr4ua ler a Bapupa 04 je4Hor 40 [recr MlaayHarla y 3aBr,rcHocTrz oa Bpcre. Prcrca BlaApa 6es xaHglr Molr{e 4a rzManeT MAaAyHa\a,loK MopcKa BHApaperKo HMaeuLre o4je4nor. fbeno rr.r,r4vHqe ce paba y Mopy ca Kp3HoM,orBopeHrrM oqvMa u sy6uwa. Eeponcrca Bz'Apa pala ceoja ABa AAA rprr M^aZyHrIa y rroa3emnoj jas6rauz. Osu ce pabajy c^eflu u ro H u ocrajy norrlyHo 6ecnorraohHz rrpBrix rxecr He4eJ6a )KHBora.flpeH nyr ranalrnajy KaZa HaBpure 72 Aalna,a oA cr{ce ce oa5wjajy Kaaa cy crapw 2-3 Meceua. Xeuxe ev4pv, yr aBHoM, oarajajy M^aZyHrJe. Myxjax peqHe BH4pe ocTaJe ca If,oM AoK ce_HeoKoTpt, 3aTrrM ra oHa orepa H ce Bpaha. KaAaMAaAyH288

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) Prcxa BlrApa 6es xaxu[ x]rBr4

jyxnojASpnqu. Onannex noulrpa

npcTl,tMa,a He B14AOM, na
E
I

Ao6po oncraie y
nprbaBHM, MyrbeB14T14M BOAaMa.

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YnpxocqubeHul4uda dan npoeodu nod senmotrt, a u3na3ucau,ou,ofty, jasaeatg,ca ceojou" eepoasujcxu je jedau od u,pno6enou. n'yutxotrz", u"ajnosu,amujux cucapaHa c6emj.

A Mna4ynqn jasaeqa,Kao uro je oeaj Kora BlAr4Moca nrtajxor'ir, o6h.{Fro ocrajy noA 3eMrboMoKo 8 xegerua npe Hero uro npBu nyr na)Krbr4Bo nea[y Hanorbe.

jaeaeaq V Asnjcxn cBurbcKr4 (Arctonyx collaris) lrMa HaBrKe BeojasaeMa cntaqHe eepoasujcxortl \y,anu ce oA lbera pa3nlrxyje no 4yravxoj rbyruqr4.

a3aBauje nosHarz czcap y Euponu vt Asujn. Kao lxHeorarse noje rconajyjas6vne v oH uMa KparaK, cHa)fiaHBpaT,3zenacTe npezlbe Hore H cronala npu,rarof eHasa xonane.JasaBaIJ r4Ma BeOMa ylerIaT,bI,IB reraB xoA,

jep ce xpehe Ha BpxoBHMa npcrr,rjy.

Crarrnrrrre
Eepoasujcnu jasae4u )nr,rBe ucrro1 3eM/beHa noruyM,r,eHarra o6poHuHMa 6pAa rAe ce r o 4o6po ApeHvrpa v aKo npeKonaea. Cacren,t jaraeueer-rx TyHe a Ha3rrBace jas6r.rHa.Hexe jasorrHe cy R.e^zKe, Jep cy cTapu ryHe^ri
MO}ItIa 3aJe4HLlr{KO 4e O HeKO TZKOre-

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jaraeaua xoje y rbrMa )KrzBe Hepaurzja BexoBrrMa.Hexo,nuxo jasanaqa xueu y r,raeuoj jas6uHu, a Koprzcrrrrr MHore apyre xoje ce Hala3e Ha repuropr,ljr.r rrlrxoBe rpyne. Ano je rpyna Be lrKa, uef y apeeheM ce Mory Blr4eruryoqn v289

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JA3ABqr4
Br.r rparoBLr.Y ii.usuHu ce yBeKHaia3e C^y?fie Kao Toa eTI4. JaMVrIeKOJe kTarco cy o6u.{Ho crr4IJbLrBH, l,l'e-r.r4 jasanqu cy ce HaBHK,lu Ha rpagcKrz )Kr.rBo! na cnoje jas6une rpa4e vcrroA rapaxa, Ha 4enoHHJaMa v Ay21{, npyra. Ouu xpa4y u3:rraHTvr sa ly6pe u xpaHe r43baurTe,Kao u OHHM ce o?I./bKaMa ruTo ao6ujy og,my6vrema r{HBorurba. Jasaerlz xojn xuee y cenepHoj ra ceBepoLrcroq Hoj Eeponu rpne jarcesr.rne, jas6ane Mory no HeKo rrKo a rbHXoBe MeceLIu 3a pe4oM aa 6yay 3arprraHe cHeroM.To npelre npoBoze cnaeajyhu, rpourehz ca,ro rcoje cy aKyMy^upa u ToKoMHHTeH3HBHoT nepno4a jecemer xpanerra. To Hrzjenpaea xu6epnarluja, Jep He40 a3lr40 npoMeHeTeiecHeTeMneparype ua.u 6psnHe rr,rera6o,rI,rsNaa.

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I{cxpana
XOBa xpaHa

I4aro cy creofeHra aa 6yay uecoje4r,r, jasaeqrz cy ycrrapv I[,ra.ceaurroje4u.

Ce CaCTOJLI04 CeMeHKH, rle-

u "toB

qypaKa r.r Koperba. Je4y eear'rrcu6poj r ucTu, oyoa u Apyrrix rzHceKaTa, Kao u [y)r(eBe. Y npo,rehe rz ero, xearajy nruhe nrr-tlla xoje ce rHe3ae Ha r y ll KprHLIe-celuqe. llpe Hero ru'ro npofyraJy )Kaoy,rarrcbrrBoJe npeopr4rrry 4a 6n yx,tonu,r,HrreHy orpoBHy cly3. llpaer,r jaaanqu (us no4nopo4rrrle Mustelinae)nrr.rajy cHaxHe Bu HrJe,HaopyxaHe janwlu'sy5nua, noje nopncre 3a oM,berbenocruiv n Kt4talbe Meca. Kyrmaua cy AM ,liirpo*r, n,bocHaru
H Ha3yo,beHa AA oV MOI V aKIXe 4a

A Amepnvxr ia3aBaq(Taxidea taxus) t,tMaMa]be ynaArb]rBe npyre Ha nlrqy Hero lberoBlr eBpoasnicKn pobaqr4. 1 MegoieAHltja3aBaq(Mellivora yneqarrbl,rBoKp3Ho, capensis) 1,|Ma 1,| ourpe KaHue. laKe Bunr,rqe
oAAolKeHH nepLLo4 aa 6v ce MAaAyHrJr4 caelehe Fo/r.{He H3AerAH ca nojaeou ron"ujer BpeMeHa H uso6uma xpaHe. Ma.a4yHrlrz enpoasrzjcxor jasanrla ce

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rr^HMapry. C.ncajy pabaJy y <pe6pyapy ao

ABA H nO MeCeUa,a OqU OTBapaJyHaKOH qerapr4 lo ner le'eAe,l.,a. Maa4yHqz Hayqe la caMu npoHa a3e xpaHy TaKo ruTo

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jacaearJje ycHrHe xpaHy. Me4oje4Hrz Herr.lro c,ra6rzje onpeMJbeH,jep ava c^e4e MaJKy v ^eAaJy ruTa oHa paAH. caMo qeTr.rpH KyrrbaKa. floHerca4 ce cele y jec.e.H,rzaKoMofy 4a Cae4eher caoj ocer.,ruru, L434y)i<elr,vr npe3HMe n y MaJqHHoJJa3oHHa. Hoc,jaaaoqu,toee nolrohy sy Aa v^rpvca. Ceun cxu jasaBa\vrwa AyraqKy, noKperO46parra je 4oHy rbyr-uKy nonyr cBhrbe no rcojoj Eepoasrzjcxu jasazgu cy roAHKo Zo6uo prue u xopucru je 3a rbyrxerberr,ne- 6po Haopyiil<aHuAa HX rpelaroprr 'rajHa. Eepoasujcxz jasaequ Bo e M aAe perKo frbaBe. Apyre epcre uvrajy seqeBe n Mory Bp o aKo 4a npoHaly Ho opyxje'. Kao u ocralu npvna4urqu nopoArrrle MycTe HAa, y aHa HuM rblrxoBa ,\er a, 3aTVM r.rxBa4e Kpo3 BeprHKa Hy pyny. Hexaja3aBrln uax yuejy )r(^e34aMa uuajy reqHocr _cvp*nnBy u 4a aarepajy jexa Aa ce ucrrpy>r<v. KOprrCTe 3a Ooe^e)fiaBalbe TepuToKOJy Me4oje4Hu ja3aBart capalyje ca flrvtpuje. Th rrrarepujaje Hapoqvro rpo3Ha IIoM sBaHoMMe4apv\a Aa 6u upoHaurao MOIKe KO4Me4OJeZHOrJa3aBUa, KOJrr lr3KorrrHlrrIe.Me4apraqa ycnerxHo fipoHaHeIJa/.aAald3oa\u ca4p,Kal oBe )r{,\e34e a3H KorrrHuue, a,tt,rHuje 4oeo,rHojaxa 4a 6n uorcwpao H o/Bparuo Henpr-rjaTe,beKao rrrTocy eoflapln. 4a hx orBopu.3aro oHa,Ka4a npouale KorrrHvqy, no3r-{Baue4oje4Hor ja3aBrIa, Cnu jasaeqy uuajy.4e6e,ty Kolr(y,alr,r . xojn ea4u cahe u Ao3Bo.r,aBa HenpoooJMe4apvuvr Je Ko)rca MeAoJe4Hof Ja3aBrIa lr.asay6o4e oca H nqela, Kao lt Ha yjela ce floc^ylKu yrKaMa v iapBaMa. 6oane 6o4,,rnxaeor 4e glluja, naca rrtl,z. PaeMHorcaBarbe n pacera. Koxa nre4oje4Horjasaer;aje Cecosa naperba ce pasauryje oZ BpaoaBa, TaKo Aa, yKo HKo ra 3rpaoH cre.ao Bpcre. MyNjarcjypu xeHKy no HeKrr npe4aTop, oH Molr(e4a ce oKpereprzToplrjrr, cBe AoK My He 4o3cBoJoJ He y coflcrBeuoj xoxlr u oe6rz,ruo yje4e Botrr.Aa ce rape. Ilapene (r<ony,raquja) ItAilaAal{a. MOIKe la TpaJecaT BpeMeHa,npv rreMy vyxjax ruqena )KeHKy sa ua6ope ua O4noc ca troBeKoM BpaTy,fla rraK r43a yBo. Zaxo jasaeqrr Mory Aa Hale.ecy rnrery y On,roleHa jajHa he,raja ce He yqKyKypy3HnM rro tbvMa, MeKoMoaruTeHBpcrn o4Max y Marepnqu. llocroju cxorraeohy n nonphy, perKo nanaaajy 290

-9
)r<vrBvrlly, na ce He Mofy cMaTpaTV 3a urreror{r.rHe.Melyrzrra, ynpKoc qrrrbeHla\v Aacy saurrrlheHa Bpcra y Bpura'cnopr' Hajaeaeqe Hr.rju, orcpyrHn "noea nouohy r7ac.a v 4a,oe nocrojz. KpsHo aMepnarKorJa3aBua Aa"berpa)KeHo Je 14 y rcpeHapcrcojutt4ycrpuju.

Ilparn jasanrrr rprna4ajy nopo4rigx xyua Mustelidae n nogtropognqu Mustelinae. Iloeoju ocaMBpcra y trer po4oBa.Clrp4.rnrn jasa"qr uprnaaajy tropo4qE Mephitidae. floeoje ABe Bpcre y je4nor,r poay (Mydaysl. Ilpocewa re.nzwal .{yrrcEna naprpa usr,re[y 50 cu, rco;rneoje gyrarraKrra.lz rnop ja,saBaq,4tr je4rror Merpa. Eapoaazjcru jasu*uq (Meles mees)je gyraqar 4o 90 cu.

XufeHe
Otu xuee y eehem deny ASpuxe u utupoxt, BnucxoeHcmoxa,ceedo Lluduje, a npamu ux penym,ar4uja neuuH.apa, madanefu rcu,nanocmojuu jedna epcma se oMaJcneuruo e m,e coxd epa.
ZujeHe cy eBo^yapa e npe4 xpaj Mr.roqeHa, npe uor,aely 5 u254 "p" -( \,rln,rraola roAVHa.flpeurl cy uv 6nrra eunepuAe - Ma,,''z cvcapn vecoj"ara - a npBe xHJeHe cy rz3r^e4a e Kao rluoeru. t{an !{ y oHor\4 cra4njyvy eeorryuraje jaxe ry6e nojrzcy HM r aBoHe cy rzua,re Ha KapaKTepvcrr4na n cy jegne oa tpujy BpcTaKoJecy oncTa^e Ao AaHac. Y epn nlerzcroueHa. roja je noue,ta npe HeKux ABa Mu LroHaroluHa, noc\ X
TOJa a Je )Kf.tBoTLIIna, nO3HaTa. t94 Ha3uBOM nenrzHcKa xrleHa, KoJa Je 6zla 4,yn,ro oeha o4 Hajeehe laHarun,e xuJeHe.

ti

Bpcre
Ileraea xujeHaje uajeeha o4 ceuxrzje najpacnpocrpameuuja y AQpauH. OFra )r<krBt4 y pa3AHrrHTuM cTaHVrrrTuManycTHlbaMa, HenAo4Hr.rMrrrHKapaMaH ruyMapuaMa - o4 jyra Caxape cBe 40 Jyxue AQpuxe, ocr4MHa xpajmer'ljyry u y 6aceny KoHra. If'eHa repuropuja ce noKlana ca rep?rropujaua ocra,rnx 4eejy epcra. Te"ro neraBe xnjeHe je qecTo rpeKpvBeHo 4ytoY, oruTpoM 4 aKoM MpKe r4 H KaKHOoJeCa rIpHutM neraMa. FbeHe Hore. lbyuKa u npaj pena cy raMHo 6paon uILt LIpHe,a rrMa H KpaTKy,rreKr4bacTyfpnBy Ha BpaTy r,1
paMeHHMa.

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A fleraaa xnjenaje no3HaTa Kao xnjenaxoja ce jep ce crueje, xnxofie. ) gynaao Kp3Ho 6paon xujexeje vuxn HaI,t3rneA eefioM. V flpyracra xnjenaje xajrtlarua Bpcra.

Epaon xzjeHa u va Hajuarse repLrropuje, atu je. cnoco6Ha Aa )Kll'B_v y naj pasauvlrr ujwtnrcr auutnrzua. H arraszvoje y nycrHrbvt. urunpaxjy, rpaBHaTr,rMnpeze^HMa, oTBopeHnM rxyMaprfkrMa 14 y npao6a.nHov nojacy JpnHe A<ppzrce, HapoqLrro Ha 3arra1y. [5eno TaMHo OpaoH Kp3HoJe MHOIO4Yrrc v

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xUJEHE
Br,uxe cl4 l0xr,r 4a,r,e oA usBopa so4e. Fbeuoclrco u.rz 6.re4o6pa-orr,.r,) ra,rKo.
rlyllaBo KpJHo HMa Ta\4Ho opaoH llpyfe oKo Te a, a Ay)^ KHrrMe HM_a-l'pHB,v o/

XrljeHe o6e,rerxaeajvrpaHuue lepuroprrje oxt.rceoje ja16nue cexpeur.rjor'a

u3 aHa HLIX vr MI4p|ICHT X )t(,\e34a U3Me-

aF{a,\He ?fi e3/e 3a OOe e}I(aBarbe LI Hcrryrxl'a ABa pa3iHrIHTa MHpuca je 6e.na rracra. a ApyrA je qpHH Irp.ura r{oJr4oc'far}Jr'a Ha B,\al'r4Ma TPaBe. fleraca xujeHa Bep()BarHO .je HaJ4pyrxrBeHuJa xr4JeHa n )]{vBn y 'rtr,arroevMa' Be,\I{Kl,tM rpyrraMa u,lz y fla.rnn rKHBora xujena r<crjuva Mo)rie ga vMa A no 80 je4r.rHxn. tr4anoce. vecro eulajy 4an y, xujene cy Hajveruhe r4x rlMa oncl 15. OHo urlo je y cvMpaKy ax'r'ueunje z uohy,Aoxaarbyce rreo6uvrro je aa cy K()ATr,r4xzoMuHanroanapajl y jar6uuaua z,tu y ruuxocoj ne r{eHr{e, Kole cv n Bene ()4 My;fiJaKa. 6,rn-:HHrz. Oue jar6r'rrre noneKa4 cv X(rlscvlHme o6a rro,la H cBux ro4arxra yBenaHZpoBoBuApyl-lrxifirrBo'r'r4rba il.Ar,r ce yBeu no:4pan,t,ajy vs pa:pafieny 3aKIOrbeHa MecTa y cTerraMa a^u qeclapy. qepeuclrrujy. CBar{a nolnrrre nci.je4ny XnjeHe 6parre cuojy lepraroprzjl orccr Hory TaKo Aa Apyfa Molr(e 4a JOJ oMHjas6rzue,a nwajy r.reehy repulopr.rjy na purue reHHla,lnje. One ogp;xanajv nojoj aone. Be H.rllna'r'erepu'r'oprljeje r{oH'r'aKl ys. rrouofr pa3Hux 3ByKOBa, v 3aBLIcv ()4 Ko^HriljHeKe (u KoJr.{x /,yAcno yBo Mo}Ke Ja _ BeoMa pa3^IzrlnTa perrtrpvje. Cuarca xnjeHa H\4a pa:rllri ue xpane.
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jarcux 4,lana, Jyraqne rz 4o 20cu. Cue xnjene uvajv uvt4rto Br.rua paMeHa ()4 3a4r{,er4e^a, a ,lela cv LlM 3ao6nena. One xo-4ajy, nclcrianyjyhu u rsr.ru-ryhrz ce. Yruu rreraBe xrljeHe cr o K p v r ^ a c r e4 . o K ( y y r u Hu p a o H H l r p ) - 3arxH/berle. rac're xLiJeHe

ly npclujy, Kao rr ypHHola u Qexa,rrajava. EpaoH xr.rjeua ranaa +rajpaserzjeHuje

ca f < npyr""ra xr,rjeHa,

vyrraunje ()4 Kpuua rlet'aBe xujeue H BeoMaJe fycl'o rra paMeHhMa v elhMa. 36ot r-ora ()Ha urJr,rera Muor-o eefia uero nrrojecte. flpvraclr rlrjerra - Ha.jvarua o71( urrx Bpc'r'a - }|{HBH y| aBH()M Ha CeBepy. Orra Br,rule Bolr,r orBopeHe rrpe4ele creHoBrzle rrpe4ele ceBepHe AQpnne, npeKo E,raccor l4crona 4o Apa6nje, tr4a4uje n rrenux.jylo-3arra4HHx ae Oua 6Heuer- CCCP-a. Pe'rxo nala xtr{eu

HncxexexnM 3y6hMau yl|l14Ma, noAHrHyTlrM yrBptyje cBojy HaAMofi HaAApyroM xrieHoM. Borl4]bacnycrl,r Apyra x(ta ywn n oAe norypeHo. V Mnaaa xlrjeHa no3ApaBrbajeaHy xeHKy, ca KojoMHrje y cpoAcTBy, TaKo uJro ce 'rby6e'.

Hvaenidae flocroje tir, xzjeHa, "pcre po4a. froAerbeHe y ABa flerasa xujena (Crocutacrocuta) flyxuua rlaBe r,rrerra: 120 - l60crra fryxuna peua:25 - 35cu BucraHa 70 -9Ocrr.r lo paMeHa: TexsHa:50 -85nr XtasorHra eeK:25rozuHay AlaB"EuHn. fio 40 y sapo6,renururey. Epaon xujena (Hyena brunnea) {yxwua rlaBe H reaa: 100- l35c"r [yxnwa pena: 18 -25cu Buclrr"ra 65 -B8cr'a 40 paMeHa: Texuna: 37 -50rcr XzsorHu sex: 24 rotr4uay AvrlJbvtlrr. flo 13 y sapo6,renarurny. flpyracra xujeua (Hyaena hyaena) fryxwwa rlaBe rz rea,a:95 - 120cu Ayx;ztr.apena: 26 - 45cu Bncuua Ao paMeHa: 60 -B5cna Texrana:25 45xr XtusorHlr eerc: {o 13 y :apo6,reurarurey.
292

A fleraae xlrjeHe&1.,,,';' ce no3ApaBrbajy, TaKOUrrOCe

lbyue , Mebyco6Ho n nu)'(y npeAeo ' reHuranuja.9yno je Ml,rprca

HalBaxHr,ue KoA ycnocTaBtbarba Be3a r3Meby qraHoBa y ieAHoj rpynlr xl,rieHa. { vlalxa x}rieHa npeMeuJTa BeoMa Mane MnaAyHr{e,
TaKO UjTO 14XHe)KHO

yxBarnu3Meby cBoiHx3y6a,
noAltrHe lr Hocl4y ycT[Ma. To ne uoxe Aa lx o3ne4u, jep rM le Koxa BeoMa na6aBa.

) neraaa xrajena je HeMUnOCpAaH U e$uxacan noBaq: y HeKUMAer|OBXMa AQpuxe naBoBl4 l,l opfloB]4 Mhuaplr peAoBHo qHcre neureBe xojn ocrajy nocne oB14xnoBaqa.

xnjene. Osace yrnaBHoM xpaHu repunrrrua roje xBaraceojnm

V Ap4eyn$ je apcra

gyraqKIM, nenrb9tB14M jesnroru. Ona je4e u Mane c[cape, nTHLle t4rI14 14HCeKTe.

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) :r.jeo(iopc. r r e r . r . . 1 p x e . i cr i r r i ( )r r u l ) c r ' ( 4 tlorrrip :ralrrrr 6t,riu:l,'lrr() rr.\crl l):r("r'l)r':l n a K ( ) M a r t er r r r o j c 4 c r r r r r p u , , r H r i cI i r r i r ' ()4,e/,4ilrrv r: N4e('a ( ) . 1 t r r t t x \ 4 ( ' ( ( ) ; r i , / l ( ' l )xl r r j c u : r u \ 4 : l M()7ri4ztr ntj r'rotrr rr rjc (rc:rrIC lli. /[ou<l,,r,r rrr c y . j a r i e / a M ( ) r ' \ '/ ' l : l I I ( ) A ( ) M e u tr:tjltcftc ri()( r r r 1 ) l r c / , l tltl . rrrrorr rrlro{larrrrn t ltr'.teN,ru\r ol,rorYfl,ic rll (nal)c ri(x-r'rr nul{el ur\r .je (rcrr, .jep ca;1pxu nr'rcori u n r t ( )l i i l \ r p r j r r t a t t . rt i r x r H . j rr i r j e r r o j t . t r . ( ) r r o , r H r t c( ( l r ( ' r l u l r x r rj t ' r r : rx l ) i u u l llnur.rc14 o4 rr<l4llv.rjtty ri()Mei.KHllHri ()71 je 4e.jt'.1t' r ' ( ) 4 H l l r I rr , (. 1 o 6 : rr . r , r r rr r o . r r u t r o rr()c()Pore , :lBoBc, colral{e, cr\oltollc, 6nso,te H cne rllx: r'c Hr\{rra-Aa fi arn'r.r,loilil Kole ZiilBe Illt lt("r'lrM Mec]H\,lA t/,[c tl ()il21. Ii:to ti llHcctilc. l)cll'r rr,\e lJ IllllJc( ilc

)i l l c r e a I l ) e c n u I I I t ( ) r l r l r rl l l c l l c l ) 4 . , \ l l ( ( ( r l e r t a r r l l a r r a r r l . ; r 'a , vrr rrouoh c:uor' , r \ l l \ r r l ) u (l l r t t t e t t e () u r jr . .llt l ) {) l ) ( J t t , t t t ,rl)( ) l r e (it\r(' . r o r l r r 1 r : r(j lv| ) r i l | | r ( ( '. n A r v r : l l x ) r t u v l rr r v 6 t t j l r j rt t v l r , r cr , H , r r\,rcu,arie, u 4outrftc jitr'lur,r1e, rr K()ilc, lr j c j r ' I r r (( ' r iI r r r l r . . j l r j r r r r : r . r r r r r r o r rr r r r , r ,1 nottcr,r r,r rr()ul)ficNr. i\rio (rpaorr xl.r.jclra rr:urf.;e r r a l l e , \ n r i \ ' ( r ' l ) u r r u \ 'r ,r o r r e r i : r 4 he
(f,lt'l)il('t Il lt() li()i\l:l/l Il ()rtilc ill I'21 r'l()

( r\l)r)rlHuni jr'.vt. ,t 1 t r6 r r r ; r r , l t r r r r j t 'r r r Iilnrlrr xnjelre ce xl)llrrc H MpluoNl (lrrhnva. 1 r r r 6 o r vH , oclalnM r\,1()lx:rilrM Ito,rurio'lzl(rrro lll)cMcnlr xr.rjertt rrl)onc4c, oBefir.t u,nlr rra6aB,bajvfirr ()/l K(r\ l.rx l)lll rv I ra 4Jlvte r tarrr rr rc, :{lr}frcrn r l r r c / ' [ o c ' f \ / r u r\ l ) l t n c . l i l x u r r r x r r j e r r ec v e
IIO:]ilA',le ItO 11)Nte lil',t O llti'filBIto r 1 r : t r r r l { ) n . \ l t l } n u t ( '( : l l t , l l r ( ' l l t ( ) . Xrrjcrre ce l)arlNrr()irianajr' \' 'fl)a;.tie

(rH lrJ r)\ll(' ll t\'l();tic ,.1a ce vvje rrt l)t:],,til,bl'lllll ()/t llCIi().,\llli() lill:\O\le lll|)ll. l]rltt ) t : l l l H : t () t i n c t : l l t e t u i e u e - j e t t , r . t ln rJJH( I I a T K a O ( l M el i l l b ( ] . 6 p a , r H x n j c r r l r j e r r ' : r v , r , t ' u H j a . r l a l ) { ) , l tt r ( ) K l 4 t t n , 4 e \ . \ ( ) t r .l l H ; + u l l t t v t t t . t , o j BPCTH ilp()rril.rl)crrc lropo/'lHue

ri():\ilrilrr re Il):lBC.

I i l l l r , r n n n l ) \ r ; r rr t ' r r r j t ' r r t '( \

\tlrr,('

pillna

repur<lpr,rjvr:u .joru rrerupn J() ure("r' (x lulc pol3aria. H ona u()s4paB-,ba

i4.ljBOTHIbe Te,\o Il 'lllli() lll.l () tlN.t IIr\/IIItt llAallV lt t'ptrB\: a-\tr ctc rrc Fritri()c'r'l)ell|n IIA'I1)

H ,rtetr\lt

r 3a oA ByKoBa, r{a4a .pas,rr4ry 3aBHJaJy, xHJeFre crryul'r'aJy r aBy 4()

3eMlbe.

OI]AAIIIABA

I'IKO NIHO|O

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Kao leraRa xnicrrit.

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. XrljeHus jesr.rx je rroclacrurla v HeKHM 4e oBHMatr4a4nje,r, nojr.rva ce cMaTpa 4a oH eqH-ryMope. o tr4axo cy xujeHuHe [rarre c.,luqHe ncehHM u :,4,r'i!ajy rreT acHMerpHqHHx jacryvzha, qerlrpu npcra H KaHUe KoJe Mory Aa yByKy, TpafoBr.r cy r,rM y rralLbtrBo pa3^r,rrrHl'a;Ilpe4rr,e Frore xujeue ocran,ta.jy npuuerHo eehe TpafoBe Hero 3alrbe. o flpana4unqu FreKor n:reMeHa, KojH noruHy y 6ul\ray ueHrpa,rHoja cenepuoj AQpraqz, lne:aa14la cy 6wtw
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BepoBalr,e la xHjeHe Mofy la uenajy no^ r{ n *4acy xepMaQpo4r4'fr.{. . BH Hqe xrzjeue(v r() r-.rK jo ane 4a rra cercyruhuMa MOry 4a rrpnMeHe rrpHTt4caK cu 800nr: . 9 0 % x p a H e n e r a B u X x z . j e H av u H e cucapw TerxKH rrpeKo 20nI xoje oHe

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r Je4Ha reraBa xn-jeFra Mox{e Za rHya noiu je rpz y6nje oapaclor ilyta telKH ()4 $e v Aa la jypH Bhule oa 5KM ca 6p3r.{HoM o4 60xu Ha car. r flerasa xHjeHa je neha 04 cBrrx Meco;Mepa. ocuM () (rerupn uajeeha ue4ee4a rz rpu HajBehe uaqxe. . Bpaon xajena ce rroHeKM Ha3r4Ba v :'racylrane:aByK 360r rbeHe HaB"Ke 4a ce xpaHH eIrIeBHMa HacyKaHr.rx KHTOBA. . Epaon xujeHa 4o6uja norpe6Hy TeqHocT v3 cBor n^eHa Iz oz noceoHt{X BpcTa AvH,e u KpaCTaBIla.

pnrva. OHe te rrpelry n 6plrHov 4t, 65nr'r rra car, ra Mory 4a crufHy u y6qiy xtllBorrrlrbe, Ka() trlo cv sebpa H H rrry. )Kueorurry sl'pa6e :la r{ol'e u,rH c,ra6H-

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Myuzocuc) JtcusaxHu mecojedu pezuottutwa u J[u6e y mponcxww cmapoecsema.Ilpunadajy nopodur4u zeHemKu,, a eode nopexno us nepuodaIlaneoqeua xoju je noLleo npe 55 MunuoHa eoduna.
yHrocH npnna4ajy ee,rarcoj rpynw )Kr.rBorHFba r<ojao6yxBaTa ur,IoeTe.,\HcaHre u feHere. Cea oBa crBopeba cy runpoKo pacnpocrpalbeHa y noapyujy o4 jyrorana4a Eepone n AQpuxe, npeKo B,rucKor HcroKa, tr4u4uje n jyror,rcrouue Aenje na cBe 4o Krzue.

BcrjercpsHa ce pas,,runyjyoA Bpcre 40 v ol oKpyxerba - rrMa BpcTe,a 3aBHCe pa3lrlKa y 6ojn rl y oKBHpyje4He epcre y 3aBHCHocrH oA craHH[r'ray rcojelr lloHena4 je Kp3Ho rzcre 6oje no )r{HBe. qeloM Te y. Maaacnoaa nzr,te4a4a je rpouapaHo. Hero,rnno epcra rzvajy yneqaT,buBe ruape ro Kp3Hy: npyracTu MyHfoc uMa TaMr{enpyfe npeKo ue,tHx .nef a v 3aArber Ae a, loK Ayropenu MyHrocca Ma4aracnapavMa raMHe npcreHacre rrpyre Ha peny.

A Mepxar je eeomaApyrurBeH, yAy Ben,|K]rMKonoH]riaMa, )r(1,r81,r ppKeH ca ApyrlrM BpcraMa. Beoma je axrneax roKoM AaHan qecro ce cyHqa Ha yna3y y cBoiy jas6nny.

MvHroclr LI 3MI{JE
[lonynopno nphqo Poniopno rocy pr1Kr1-rrKr1-r oKnnnunroo MyH tw rcoiu y6nio ruNiy noaenoie no ro6yneo MyHrochMo: Eo ce oHh Ho xpoHe :uriouo n Eocy ornopHH Hruro ruzlcxr cMproHocHh orpoB. on roro nrie rouno.Mynrocy6nien noienerur,riy rono ce yKoxe npll'nnKo,onh ro nuievecronoioeo, ceM
TOrOOHh Cy COMO MOnO Molbe OCe-

CtaHnurre
MyHrocu )Kr,rBe y cnnu rr,roryhrzM oKpy)KerbuMa on Hr43uJa Ha HHBoy Mopa lo npege^a BHcoKHX npeKo 2000 u. Xuee cBy Aa, oA rrycTuft,a 40 rponcKrrx rxyMa, Kao H y rrryMoBHruM5p4uva H npocTpaHuMx6yHacruu paBHnrraMa. Llwa ux y cBHM BpcraMa caBaHa 04 cyruHlrx 40 B alKHux, rxyMoBHTr4x vAV :xauelrurux. Herce epcre ce 6o,ne ogehajy y craHnrurnMa Kao rxro cy . oo^acTrr ca rycToM BefeTarIHJoM, loK lpyre xrzBe y npuo5any u yp6anurr.rnar4e ce Haceaaeajy y KaHa H3ace,+,r4Ma uHoHrzM ueBI,rMa u 6aurralra. Herco,tuno Bpcra )KlaB:a y MoqBapHuMo6,racrul.ra LI^H Ay)r\o6a,ra noroKa. je4Ha epcra, BoAeHH H H MoqBapHn vyuroc.je noyBOZeHa )I{tlBOTHrba v Ce HAAA3T vAV

LIerne4
I4arcorr.rynro a4 Mory Aa 6yAy pazluur e Be HqHHe. oA nary,bacre rojrz eaje4Ho ca r aBoMH TpynoM zrr,rajy oxo 24 cu ao de,ropenux MyHrocanojn cy npeKo zBa nyra eehu, cBlz,cy c AqHor rt3rle4a. l4uajy.Ayra Br4TKa rela, KparKe Hore u Ayrc, qecro rry[aBe penoBe. l4wajy Lr3Ay)KeHe rbyruKe H Ma e oKpyr^acTe yxrv Ha 6o.*ruu crpaHaMa raaee. Ha npearbr.rM143a4rsvM rxanaMa Hlrajy no ner npcrujy ca Ayrvu, orurpuM KaHuaua r<ojeKopvcre 3a Korrarbe. Cne epcre MyHrocanMaJyaHa He MHpt4cHe )r( e3r,r vra oeHavaeajy repuro pnjy. 4e rcoj

rru4Brno ruricrr orpoBoEApyrhx )KhBorhr-bo. 3o eehrnyuynrocoyien ro6pe je cupronocon. Myrroc y6uio tMtliy,ropucrehra OH NrorNeo onpeleny roKrhKy. tanly n oHo noKyrxoBo [o ro Hono.qHe, Ncnyuroiyhra orpoe. Ho rpoiy ruraio udpowl cBoiorpoBh nocroie c) rypto Mero, MyHroc [erornuy6uie yrph3oM h3ornoBe raece
HO'IO3I4KHI{MEHOHEPBHOBNOKHO.

y Bo,4Hn,nu o6,racraMa rze je eo4a cralHo npucyrHa. Behrz 4eo BpeMeHa

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Myurocn cna4ajy y pe4 rrrecoje4a u ropotuqy reHerKH (Viaerridae). flocroja 32 rpcre y 14 po4oua. Berru.rnua: Ayxnua rlaBe H'rpyna je oa 24-58 cl'l flyxuwa pena je oa20-45 cw. Bpcre o6yxrarajy: flpyracrn MyHroc (Mungos mungo) lau6njcxz MyHroc (Mungos gambianus) Cypurcar HAr4MepKar (Suricata suricatta) MyHroc qynaBor pena (B deogale crassi,c aud,a) fJpuoHorra MyHroc (Bdeogale ni,gripes) B e,rrlxn ckrp.r kr^krerl4flarcKl4 MyHroc (H erpeste s i chneumon) Crasor aen MyHroc (Gal erella pula erul ent a) I4v,4wjcxu cr.rBuMyHroc (Herpesta edwardsi,i) Maau wregvrlcrtuMyHroc javanicus) (Herpestes Bzrnu MyHroc (Galerella sanguinea) Cerroc MyHroc (Paracynictisselousi)

npoBo4H y BoAr4 r.r o4-''uuau je nAHBaq rz poHrrlarI. BehuHa MyHroca frpoBo4rr Be,\UKH 4eO )I{HBOTaHa nOBpIIITZHu 3eMJbe, ynpKoc qHrbeHLrqv 4a cy MHofr4 o.4 lbvtx noceduo BrrrrHH nerbalby. MyHrocn rpa4e jas6aHe Ha pa3HH\4 MecrlrMa. Hene epcre npaBe BeoMa 296

qHO O3HaqeHe Ha yneqa'frbHBHM MeCTV Ma, r{ao ruro je HcrypeHa creHa LI H 4e6,lo, TaKo urro MyHrocv ocraenajy jas6zHe ca c olKeHHM Tpar ceKpeToM Lr3 aHaJ\Hux )K e34a. KoMrr HKoBane r.aryHe^a. Apyru cucreMoM no43eMHrzx f pyurreeur,r MyHrocu norlyr TyrbacTor, }rty'rol' ri H rrpyracrol MyHHace,raeajy HarryrlIreHejas6uue 4pyrHX x(T,IBOTI{rr,a, [OnyT BeBepvua H I.I foca, Kao H MepKarH }I(HBe y opraHHvpaeoje4a. Crcopo veer<ocrajy y HcrHr\l 3oBaHrzM rpy.naqujava. )Kyry MyHI'oc jas6znava, Mala HeKV Bo e Za ce HeH MepKaT KOJH)KHBe y HcToJ OO aCTH rpeclaHo cele. na t-rcrajy ua je4uonr 3arra4He rz rIeHTpa He AQprlne, o6lr.rHo Mecry caMo HeKo HKo /aHa. acnonaeajy jas6uue r4lrr Kopncre oHe KOJeCy r4CKOnaIe Apyre rruiBorurbe KoJe Crcroszrura v erala uory aa 6yav pyne y apeehy n,r,r.rr'aely KOpeE'eM, y xHBe Ha r,ry. Cee rpri Bpcre MyHroca lxyllrt uHaMa C^f eHa V KaMeHHX 3HAOBa, xrrBe y xapMoHHJt'I y LlcToM ofpoMHoM npocTopy, Ma4a Ma,to ralxn,e o6pahajy crapuM MpaBHrbarlLlMa, o4Bo/Hr.rM rleBHMa H r{ y BOAOAepHHaMa, yCTBapv, Je4HV Ha 4pyre. Ha cBriM MecTlrMa KoJa Mory la npyxe toxr'oje4ulr,l-1.Lrv3 oBrrx rpyna ryMapajy Hano,r'y, rrecro y 6,ruszHz lpyrux, cnpeMHy t4 pa3yMHy 3auTrzry. je4aH u,rr.r4Ba o4pacla MyHroca ocrajy Hasfirce y jas1uuu v leo4e parryHa o MlazyHrrilflocroje HeKe Bpcre r<ojecy aKrhBHe caua. 9ecro je4aH v,raH H3 rpy[e ce4He Mo roxoM Hohn raapyre rcojecy aKr hBHe Ha 3a4rbe Hore Ha Bpx creHe, MpaBIlI+,aKa VAV Ha AeO I.j3AI4fHyre 3eM6e caMo roKoM 4aua. Hexe uohue epcre rr.rely nojuua cy 6e,ropenu, eo4eHz, CeH ocMarpa se6o u 3eMJbyoxojas6zHe y ,\oc MyHrocu, MyHrocll r{y[aBor pe[a r4 c,tyvajy 4a ce nojaeu uexz rpa6,nzear1. Ano npnver A Aa ce 6,rvt:xu onacHocr. rlpHoHofr4 MyHrocn xrrBe y napoBrrMa H u Ma,lilM rropolnqHr.rM rpynaua. Tpz oH HcnyrxTa orxTap KprzK rra qe^a fpy. Bpcre MyHroca ca Ma4aracnapa, lyrorta rroxuTa 4a nafe yroqu[rre arecro je4we rpyne flpuna4uuqu penu, npymcru u 6paoH MyHrocz, cy aKTIIBHII TOKOMAaHa, BOde yCaM,4'eHIIrI- nonrarcrupajy. Ha epe,r,rznlr noZHeBHor Krz)KHBor vtt4 )t\nle y napoenva. aon je cyHua oHH ce oar'tapajy n cyuuajy ono Ma4aracKapcKr4 MyHroc II]npoKHx npyra y^a3a y jaa6zHy. Be,r.u-rr4He rpyna ce rrohrra )r(r,IBorr.rrta 14lr\r4B:zy napy. pa3^rlKyJy H MOry 4a Ce cacroJe caMo

y MyHroc>KUBA rpynaMa.lberoBo npyracTo Kp3HO OMOryfiyje My fla ce KaMysnrpa u yronr y cBoie oKppKelbe.

rpil(]4 xpaHy, oBai MepKar na3!rga ce He noiaB[ HeKnrpa6ruueaq,6uno ca 3eMrbe 6lrflo n3 Ba3Ayxa.

A AoK rpyna

Ha reparoBehuHa MyHroca zKLtBI{ pzjrz orco ceoje jas6zHe H Tolepurue npucycTBo Apyrr4x ]IttrBorlzrba, qaK Ii tpyfux MyHroca,r<ojuce Haby y roj o6^acrrz. O6,tacr y nojoj ce rcpehyce pa3,runyje rro Be HqHHLI H qecro 3aBHCH <l4

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Boja uyHrocouor xpsHaje y cKla4y ca IbeI-oBlIMoKpyxeHreM,ruTo yKa3yJe .4a je rcauyQaa(a rAaBHu HaquH o46paHe A Aa oHlz. 6yrcna,lHo6exe, axo ce nojaqerupu rtrnaBH onacHocr.OHrl cy xpa6pu v o4Banx- ; MepKara1/|cAa nr.r,l.relyruM, KaAa nocrojrz onacHoc! rpaxyjy cBoie HeKe Bpcre uuajy o6uvaj aa usuujy cBoJare^a y ^yK,4a ycnpaBe penoBe oKpyxelbe noA
H HaKOCTpeUe Ce KaKO oH H3r^e4a^ll

yCaMrbeHl,lK 1,1 npoBoAl,r Hofill y norpa3H 3a xpaHoM.

A Eenopenx MyHroc ie

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r{aKH AO A:earryrasehlr Hero rcpynHr,rje, jecy.ThrcoMVHroc rxro crB.apHo rz3r eAa onacHnJe rro reHuL\ a HOMrpaoJbr,rBrly. Axo cy rrpu repaHlr y houran, n,ryjy, pex(e Ir ^aJy H,^HorracHoyrpr43yHerrpnJaTeJba r4MCenpeBHllre npHo^Ll?ttu, KOJH a HcnyruraJy u ceKpeT MorxycHof Mupuca I,I3aHa HHX)K,\e34a.

6ygnnniloxottrt ABe OApaCne ieAuxxe.

lIcxpaHa
Muoru Myrrrocu c? xpaHe HHceKTHMa BU[re Hero MecoM,a^u cKopo cBe Bpcrece xpaHe pa3HoBpcHo. Mepxar, Hnp., Je4e pa3He BpcTe xpaHe, Ma4a .{HHeB0% rberoBe vcxpaHe. r4HceKTH 3a layuroce je npuxrar,bnBa r,rcxpaHa rcoja o6yxeara Ma e rlor4ape A Apyrc cLlcape,pet]Tpr^e,Bo4o3eMrle, nTurle H cBeBpcre HHceKara, xao u noephe,4ue,re nohe,,lnurhe, cra6yruxe u Koper*,e TpaBe. Blrure Bo e cBelr{e Meco, MaAa Jeny u ^euruHe. Bo4eHn MyHroc je je4aH o4 uajcneuraQuvuujux rca4a.je peq o r4cxpaHa, Bo4u froToKa,Kofra Jep ,\oBn y n,\r,rTKoJ KaHuaMano 6a,ary pnn rro4n]Ke Marre H creHe y norpa3u sa mpa6aKaMeFbe
Ma, ruKO,bKaMa n 4pyflrM BoAO3eMULlMa.

y rrorpa3n 3a xpaHoM. 9ax u-oue upcTe KoJe Tp3faJy 3a xpaH()M )/ rr Iz:lIzHH ApyfHx, noJe4l,IHarrHo OBe lr lle lrpaKoBa, Mar'[4, rr,rKyJy 'l'exHHKe IpynHOr nOHeKaZ, HeKO I4KO rlaTyn acl'Hx MyHroca capalyjy KaKo 6u cae,la4a,rH lieKn KpyrrHHJH rr,\eH.

PaslrHorcaBarbe
Ma,lo ce 3Ha o penpoAyKTnBHHM HaBHrcaua sohHux MyHroca, Kao H o oHnM rcoje cy KapaKTephcrurrHe 3a N{yHl-oce ycaM,r,eHlrKe. I4sr,re4a 4a setrnna urr.ra ABa 4C)TpH M aAyHrla y je4nurr'l riartory v ,4aux Ha cBeT AoHoce Ha IreKoM cKpr{B e H o M v e c r y K a o L r r o j e l I y K t - l r H H ay creHz wru jas6uua. )KeHxa eogu 6pr.rry o MAAAyH\vMa. CesoHa pa3MHolKaBarsa ce pasrrnrcyje ()4 Bpcre 40 Bpcre, a^r{ ce qecro rroKlana ca nepuo4urva o6n,lHux Khrua. rroce6Ho RoA Bpcra rct-rjeHaclarsyjy cvruHe o6,nacrr. M,ta4rl ce palajy aaTBopeHrrx ovajy ra ca perKoM /,ranorrr. Y nornyHocrll 3aBuce o4 lrajuzue 6pure, cBe 4oK ABe HeaeJbenacHvrje ne olBope oqri. O6rzqno HaKoH Meceu zaHa rroqulry Aa vc.Tpa)r\yJy oKo^nHy MecTa Ha KOJeMCV AOIII,\H Ha CBer. PagMno;rasarbe KoZ ApyrxrBeHr,rx uyuroca je 6o,ne 4oxyrr,reHroeaHo. Ko4 npyracTof MyHroca.HeKo,\HKo )KeHKH AOHOCeHa cBeT CBOJeM a4yHqe y oTnpH^rlKe rrcTo BpeMe rr cBaKa vl'{a dBa

I Benuru cvBu My*toc ie o6rvno Mory ycoMrbeHhK, on%ce noBPeMeHo Bnaeri4nopolhqe roro xonoiy y r{ert,t ienon ro gpyrhM u nr'ee Ho Ben%Ky nnoroay ruNiy. I florynocrr MyHroch y Kexuiu cy h3rneAoy coPoAlbh co xyroKtbyHhM KrbyHopoulqeM. r OoxgepneKeHoBhM Oge xv eorhlbe r nrkqe ce 3oieAHo rpehy: nrhqe ce xpoHe hHceKThMo s aln nxynoKoie noKpeHyMyHrocnr :opoeoiy Ho 6nwAHy rpo5rrraor4o. I M e p x o r r c e y r n o B H o Mx p o H e 6y6ono, noce6xo oHHM h3 rpyne Scarabaeidae, Koo h nopBoMo h nyrKOMO nenrHpo. I Mxore BpcreMyHrocoMory[o 6yly

Meflyrrm, une ryhnnny6nnuN. ao6pn

rh cy npeHoc norJu 6ecnuno. ToKoao ce xe coaeryie ao 6yay 6nnzy nyau*ta. r MyxrocN cy AoHerh y unore o6noHfipv 5r roxrponrconh roMoA, crh KoKo rpcxe nouoBey nnsHroxoMo u.rehepne xo Xoaoiramo. Cmorpo ce [o cy oBexhBOThrbe troBene.qPyre5Hilre xheor]/|$cKe spcre Eo roqKe npea racrpe6rbeFbe, iep cy r,rxroBhne Koo nneH. 297

Aoerz pr,r6y,a no3Har je rro roue uro xpa4e jaja H3 KpoKolaJbrlx rHe3aa. KaZa MyHroc ,roBH HHCeKTe, oH EyIuKa 3eMAy HCnOI Ona Or ,tnurha H n OKOrllylr,Tbr.rHa rAe n eH Mo?rieJa ce gaxpuje, Kona orrrrpnM KaHUaMa KaKo orr 4ourao 4o rlKop[]roHa, uayKoBa, r_lpBa14lo pa3Hux ApyrHx uHceKaTa. BehzHa MvHroca caMocralHo -Ayra

MvHrocn

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E

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2 Ao TpLl M^a4yHqeTa - *Ua? MOrKe4a oy4e v 4o ruecr M}.a4vtx y JeAHoM Haxory. M,r.a4yu.ra4 6opaee y jas6uuu u cucajy Mlexo 6rz"ro xoje )KeHKe,a He ceoje rrajxe. {ox xeHxe vAy y rrorpary 3a.xpauou, je4aH vtvr ABa |yxjarca vynajy M aAe v Hoce nx 4pxehrz ux sa KO}I(y C roprbe cTpaHe BpaTa. flepuo4 recraquje rpaje oxo 60 4ana xo4 rehnne Bpcra. Ma,ru rlH4ujcxu MyHroc Ha cBeT AoHocr,rMia4e caMo 42 4aua HaKoH rraperba, aoK Ko4 MyHroca ca TaHKHMnpyraMa recraqnjcxu neplto4 rpaje 105 4aHa.

A Haxox recraql4iCKOr nep14oAa oA oKo 11 HeAerba, MepKaru o6uqHo Ha CBer AOHOCe ABa AO qeTHptl MnaAyHqay HaKOry.

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) Boaenn MepKarie Heo6uqaH no ToMeuTo Hana3nxpaHy caMo y nfllrTIpyuno Bacrrrrrarbe KrM noTol4l4Ma l,1a|{.o cy Ma H KaZa ce po4,ereruKH oKo rAe hcKonaBa 20 4 onra6p3o pacry. Ka4a cy crpeMHrz Kpa6e h Apyre qB y 3l"jl'daJy pcry xpaHy, trpurra/.Hvtrlr4 ,44 rpyne HMAoHoce,aKMa cy oKo areTr.lpLr lltKotbKencnoA
Meceqa cTapv, MAaAI1I vM ce ilplllApy)'{yJy y eKcne4HrlrrJaMa14yrre KaKo 4a caMrrTpax(e xpaHy. )Kyrra rtryurocu h MepKarv ce pa3uuoxaeajy r.rBor4e 6pzry o MAaZHMa Ha vcrv Ha.tvrle.Meprcarz o6uvno auajy no je4au HaKor ro4ururbe roKoM Honerr,r6pa arrz 4er1errl6pa,AoK )KyrrzMyHrocu rauajy Burrre 04 je4uor HaKora rraK H 40 qeTvpu rozuurlre.
KAMEHA.

) flarynacru MyHroc ie cranHoy nocny

qlrTaBOr TOKOM

ox je 6yAaHa.

qHa )KltBoT1416a

Apyl-a roca, nary,bacrpr MyHroc, uua 4pyraunjy ApyrurBeHy opranzsaqajy. Y or<nzpy rpyne uocrojzje4aH 4oMvHaHraH rap xojz ce pa3MHolraBa. Ha ve,r.y rpyfle Halagrl ce je4na 4oMHHaHTHa ?r(eHKa, no paHry je rueu uyxjan. Aor. ApyrLi, Carvro onaj doMr'THaHTH]y' rTap vMra y^ory pa3MHo)r(aBaEa y rpynn, a x(eHKa [oTr,rcKyJe cBa ceKcya Ha froHarxarba xog, ura6zjwx )r(eHKu rz rryxjana. 36or
OBaKBOI IIOHaIIIaEa AOAaSVI AO lla-

gpxarcrco ypeb erre $arpnj noceoHo4pyruTBeHa BpcTaMyH-

lr hcnyurTa pasHe KpeuraBe rnacoBe. Xuet,t y Ben]rKlrMrpynaMa Koie 6poie 20 r Bl,rueieAHHKx.

J\a3e y.rpyfle r4e rrocToJr4Je4aHu u dBa crapuja rr.ryxjarca, Te raKo noeehanajy cBOJeIuaHCe 3a IIapeH,eM. KaAa AouuHaHTHa )KeHKa o6asPr rrapelbe 144oHece ceoj Harcor Ha cBer, 6pura oKo M aAHx - vzruheme, yroflJbaBalbe, IOHOIIIeEe XpaHe na r{aK I4

f ! iI

'IOMTbEI6EIbYCKE H OKNONA
Texurro roiou uynroch noMerbycKy ioierococroir ce y roMeEo npeflrtnm uronoMoo6yxaore ioie r.a 6oqe ro monoiove yHo3o,q Kpo33o.qFbe Hore, t{Bpcro. yaopr HeuJro hcro ro o Eo pore KoKo 6n poz6nnuoKnonnyxo,
o BoEeHh MyHroc oBy TexHhKy nPhme*yie rqro 5ra orBopro [orlbe.

4ojeme - nperyurra ce no4peleuuv

rryrurarba vr ol acna y eehe rpynaquje naryn acrvx MyHroca,ruroje HapoquTo KapaKrepucraqHo ea uyxjaxe rojr,r o4-

r{IaHoB}rMa. Ka4a odpaclktM 4ottuHaHTHa )IteHKa ytul{e, oH4a rpyna ce o6z.rrro rro4ellt LI HaKoH Tora ce crBa-

pajy none rpyne.

Uu6erKeu reHerKe

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qu6emKao u,e6au, npaeeMau,Ke, Keu eeHemrce umajy $usuuxe xapaxmepucmuxe xoje cy uausened 'nosajmunu' od nopodul4a KyHa, q,aK M)Heoca, na u Medeeda. Uaxo cj nantvLulra u o6uuna t4u6emxau,ecme iculomuhq ocmane pemxeda ce o buMa He cy monuKo

noje ce rHe34e Ha rly, Kao ruro cy 6wcepKa u Qpauno,rur,cy AorryHarbvxoeoj ucxpaun. Kao ocra,re qz6erxe z reHeTKe,v oHe ce xpaHe lrHceKTuMa, penrnllrMa u ce3oHcKHM soheNa. AQpuuxe, ua,tajcxe H Be uKe hHAnjcrce qr,r6errcena o6o4zrua ceojux repuropuja npaBe'qz6erepuje' y noje ollalxy Qexa,tuje. To nr.rje caMo roa,rer, seh QyHxrluonurue u Kao Mecro 3a KoMyHHKaTI ujy ca cyce4ruM qu6erxa3HA ?0m060 17u1.il,mq. rr,ra. Behrana Bpcra qra6erxu u reHerxLr paauercyje MzprrcHe nopyKe raKo ruro o6e"rexaeajy apeehe u rpM.be Morrrycaje4noca pa3luqurrrM BpcraMa HHMMrrpLrCOM H3 CBOJTIX neplrHea^Hrlx MyHroca.33 epcreuu6ernuu re- u itu gu6urnax )r( e3la. qprHe HerKr.r ropo4rzqynrecoje4a l4zyzeruu npvoHo4oHu cy pernvr u Viaerrid,ae,xoja ce Hala3v zsrtaely norajuonr.rrz, na ce o rbr.IXoBoM craHnlury po4zl4a KyHa u MarraKa.Kao n KyHe, u Ma o 3Ha. Ma,re nony,laqrzje npyracone zlrajy pelarvBHo rz34yxeHa rela Trrx rr freraBzx npnoHo4oua nocroje y v npu"^urrHoKpaTKeHoIe, a cKopo cBe ruyMaMaKoJece flpoTe]r(y 04 LlcTorrH]rx wvajy no ner.npcrajy na noral'ra. ILra- Xuua,raja, npeKo Eypr'ae4o Ma,nesuje xoBo KpSHo Je Marl,e aTpaKTr'rBHo 04 raBe,tptczx Cyw4a ocrpBa. One_rxune y Kp3Ha xyne. O6rzvuo je rvrpxo 6paon t4croJBpcrn rparryMa nao z aQprzuxz 6oje, a rroHenaa rreraBo rllrz [pyracro. rrpvoHoAoH, rcojrznacrarr,yje npocrop o4 "\u6epuje u jyxnor Kauepyna 4o flpane qn6eme n exnaropzja,rue AQpzxe. rrptroH()4oHH Bo4eua qu6erxa zs KoHraje uame AQpraune qrl6erne cy Hajeehe npaBe rro3Hara. Hzje npz.tarofena sa rrlr4TIHOeTKe II I(r,rBe y pa3HrrM CTaHI4ITITLI- Barbe, alr4 xlrez 6lzgy Bo4oroxoBa MA,OA nparuyMa 40 Herr^olHr,rx caBaHa. y rIeHTpa Hoj A<ppaqu v ce xpaHr4, Beoua cy rronperHeu uohy r<puyyaajy yr aBHoM,pra6olr nojy xrara, orrarrafro cBoM ^oBrrrrrTy y rroTpa3rr 3apa3AH- najyhu rolt4M A a:aoBvrMa rrpocrop noA
TTLITLIM BpcraMa MvlrreBa. Co.+re rrrI4IIe
BOZOM.

a 3a a$prqKy Ur6erKy(Ciuettictis civettalce Kaxe Aa noMaxe y nouyMrbaBarby. ceMexxeeofia r 6o6uqaKoieoHanoieAenpona3e y ibeHu3MeT HenpepabeHe. V Macxupna narMrHaqr6erra je xeo6nvxa (Paguma larvatal no roMe uro HeMa Apyre6enere
Ha Teny OCl,lM OHl,lX Ha fiaBil.

Bpx penajoj je noxexa46eo.

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qrsErKE il TEHETKE

flaanrune qn6erxe cy y iyroucrouxoi Asniu noraare u r(ao roAE Maqre, jep cncaiy narunnrr cox (xojn ce sone ro4u), a xoin ce,saqn crynsaiy !,a 6n npanu,rx naamrrro Burro. I Tai corre.re ytrocyAr4aMa xpos aaceKeyxopu x caxynta ce oA 6au6yca roie ce ocrar,sajy Aa Ence EcrroA sacera, ua ie qn6erxanra 6u,ro fexerxe cynrox4ayErporry4one,rr Ma-

,raxo 4ara nouniy. I BapII ftao,sy6rnrqe KoxTpolrrcil I y cPeAEeM rery, 4a 6n .E 6poi r,ro4apa.

fererre ie remxo nu4eru, iep cyycaMri'ern nohxn,rol4n, a^n MoryAa ce rraMaue, aro ce na 4pno o6ece r<oua4n Meca.

) XumanajcKa narMrHa qr6erKa jege 6axany. CKopocBe narMlrHe quoerKe cy 3nornacHn KpaArbl,rBqr4 6axana,a noHeKaA KpaAy uiaia,u Korby nepaA. V MnaAa reHerKacrrHtax nera (Genetta genetta) usnasn n3 ApBera. MraAyHqr ce pabajy cnenn y ApBery nnny jae6nxn. oqn orBapaiy HaKoH ocaMAaHa,r y6p3o ja36uHe. r3na3e 143

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Ma,l.o nonylapHu. Ma4a KoHTpo Hrxy 6poj r,rogapa, na^MHHe qrl6errce :r.pa4y jaja u y.6ujajy g,otrahy )r{HBr4Hy, rra ce cMaTpaJy 3a rrrTeror{HHe. ObzqHa na MLrHa v MacKuDFranalE o f HC34IiAHTIITA C CIIHX MHIIICBA. r,l.rua ua6erKa nperpa)+(yjy r,ro He 6rz ,l,H Harxle onalo sohe LI Ma,l.e )KL7BO!,an'y ce reHelKe yr',rorajyy ceoje ayo o raqKe penoBe H o4Mapajy na ApBery Turbe, zoK ocTa^e BpcTe xpaHy HaIaf c0 vtu y rryKorHHu y creHaMa. llape ce se Ha 4peehy. tr4wajy orurpe, KyKacre o TOKOM IIe e ro4rrHe, a KOTe Ce HaKOH KaHue, xoje lrory AaceyByr.y,a Ayra'u:r.la, l (6 10-12 ne4e,ta y 6p;rory, o6,rorxenorr.r cHa)fiHrz pen Kopv cTe Aa ov ce xBaTa^rj 6u,nnrzu uarepuja,rou . tr4wajyo4 je4Hor loK ce nemy. EuHrypoHroB pen Molne qerupll vla4yHua, xoju cracajy oxo 4a ce oMoTa u yxBaTr4 oKo rpaHe, rxTo .9. 40 o Ha vrajvnHoj repuropnjvr onoj xuuort4 rbrz noMa)Ke ora4alr.a4a cy c rrlecrMecequ. (6 joj Hore 3ay3ere 6pamenr eoha. ri ocraJy. Ao fo4r4Hy Aa}{a, MaAa fro^Ho locTaJy 3pe H TeK ca 4Be ro4riHe. EuHrypour lptqv Ha MeZBeZa, yMe Aa frtr4Ba v ce xpaHri pu6ou, BoheM, fenerrce fla-ruune uu6erKe rlo4apvMa, xa6ava, npa6arraa, ryruTeleuerxe Brzlre BoAe KaMeHLrre rrpe4ele Behuna nalMuHrrx qu6ernu )KvBu y przMa, rrrrzuaMa, ny?KeBr,rMa H urKopqz6erne ca x6yn,eu noje u rr,r clylr{H Kao 3aKIoH e"r.ax*roj K^HMr.rjyroucrovue Aerlje, nvoHvMa. Bu4pune nzrue RaAa HarraAaJy Ma e cucape nofryT Mrrfle HacTalbyJypas^vqvra craHHrrrra. 6 o p a e e y B o A t r . l I v a j y r y c r o K p 3 H o H rxeBa r{ Bo^yxapuqa. Ouz cy uevyjuu Ho34pBe Koje 3arBapajy u sato 4yro Je4na Bpcra H<velr y AQpurlz. Zano qeCTO Ce Cpeny y v 6pzw Kao MaqKe. O6u-rHe reHerKe )KvBe y AIaBJ[TI4HI4, pone. lloje4vHocrri rz3 )r(rrBora eehu?Iu4Be.y Illnanzjrz u sa.na4aoj Opay6xusuttu cela, rze )KrzBe Ha n aHTa?(aHe qu6erxu fi feHerKu ocrajy Heno3IIycKoJ, r4e y HeKHM KpaJeBHMa xBaraJy Ma MaHfa, aHaHaca u naQe. floepeueHo H a l h , a t z ' c e n o y 3 4 a H o 3 H aA a u y m j a u r z n 3erreBe. leuerxe cy npv,r.aroleHrr 3a rrorrryHo Hanyurrajy uryMcKa craHrrrrrra aQpzvrux rralMrrHrrx qz6ernra ulrajy xtr{Bor Ha 4pnehy, alrr r{ecro AoBe Ha ri oala3e Aa )$ilBe y arpa4arr,ra. flourrepraropnjy oZ npeKo 100 xexrapa. T y, r4e cy LIM n eH TITIIIIe, ryIIITepu V To cy 3,roflacHvr :xpa4;ruvgv 6auaua rryrxjaqz ?KrrBor npofolrunaHrurz pa3Hri LIHCeKTLI. rz rrohy npaBe Be,tvny 6yrcy, uucy uueo4e, nyryjyhrl no BpxoBrrMa lpeeha,
N

Boheje Ba)KaH Aeo HcxpaHecBLlxreHernu, a o6vtqna reHerKa ce He nlauru y\e y 6aurre r.r nyhe rle qecro Ha ro Aa = KpoBy ocraBna ceoj usner. Y 3ana4Hoj C G AQprzulr reHerKe y cyroH nana4ajy

300

UHEET IIAPOEM
gaSemr ce naCexper rs aua,r-Ez:xxlesAa sunaqn6er y,t'e.Oxo rojarara ApyreapoMe. Y 4ur.onuu nrprjarlrr Mnpr{coMo6e,rexanajy cnoie repuropuie n ro yre ancop6le unpnc crrpeMra TaMorrrrtrEx)r(eaxn. Ka4a je x<enKa sarraperte,y.benryxciaxaqn6emenoruanc ioj 4ao6ianu croie cr:a*e, noiauanajyhnruupnc. Cyncrauqa roiy npormo4e alppnrre 4u6erKe ce KopRcrn sa napQeueiom oA BpeMeHa rpa,sa Co.touo[a ( 10. Ber(tr.r.e.). IJn6erne ce y [eKr{MceaRMa raie a6or ror y,sa.

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{ Oananoxa(Fossa fossana) ce napr y aBrycry lr cenreM6py, a jeAHO MnaAyHqe oKorH HaKoH

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3-4 ueceqarecraqnie. V 6rxrypoHr (Arctictisbinturong),

nosHaTalt Kao MeAaMaqKa,)'(nBn oA 6ypMe Ao OhnunnHa.OH je pobaK narM[Hr4xq[6erKh, anH He rl4qu Ha rbhx. Befih Aeo AaHanpoBoAl4 cKnynqaHHa Bpxy ApBeha.
a ue^y repHTopuJy oKpyxe 3a HeKr4x AeceTaKAaHa. Myx{jarc lrupucona o6eelr{aBa o6o4e ceoje repzropuje 4a6u yrro3opno oc fa^e vyxjaxe 4a ce K OHe v Aa6A 3arururrro ceKcya HL{MoHorro HaJ rfieHKaMa.flo4peleHrl uyxjaqu KoJu}ItHBeHa rbefoBoJTepHToprrJrz My ce cn,tamajy c rryra. lloHerca4 AIM:aHaHTHHvryxjan 6Hea rzsageaH v AoIasr.r4o 6op6e Koja Molne Za ce 3aBprxn <para,rurzrr.r noB pe4aMa. Xeune cy cnpeMr're sa napebe y roKy nurrrHece3orre.One npaee jas6une y O3aMa H TXyMCKOM pacTHrr'y r4e Ce onore rrocle rpu Meceua.Myurrcerr.r,raAyHue lrajna o6ravHo o46Hje oA czce froc^e rxecT MeceqHu Tepa ux, a )KeHKurlaMaAo3BoJbaBa 4a ocTaHyAoK He frocTr,rrHyrro^Hy spe^ocT, cKopo 4Be ro4uHe rcacnr.rje.

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ca MagaracKapa

Y nsottauuju ocrpBa Maaaracxap pasBrrle cy ce rpu Bpcre - Qa,laHyn, QaHaAoKau Qoca. OHe ce ro;runo lrelyco6Ho pas,ruxyjy 4aje cnaxa cBpcraHa y noce6uy ropoluqy. (Dana,r.orcaje cepcraHa y no4nopo4llr\y Fossi,nae,4ox je Qocz 4aro arvHcKo v.we Cryptoprocta ferox. @aaa,tona (Fossa fossa) xuru y MOr{BapaMa Ha ceBepoucToKy r,r ceBepo3analy Ma4aracxapa. I4sr,te4a xao Maia, neraBa rrcurIa rzje excrpeuuo perKa, jep je Ma,taracu ceJbarlr4 xBarajy e6or ueca. tr4ua Be rzKeKaHue Ha npelrblrM tuarraMaxoje nopacrv 3av.cKonaBarbe r1pBa H rlaBoHouraqa. OaHa oKa He MolxeAa yByqe xaHr,re (rcao rrrro Mox{e lravna), naxo4a npvlr{qHo TpanaBo, o4ux<yhu KaHue v3HaA TAa, Za ce He 6r.rze,\zga,\e. Hncy cnperHr.r

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qIEETKE u TEHETKE

Cne gn6erre u rerrerrce upuna4ajy nopo4uga Viverridae. fla-nunse qn6erre npaua4ajy rrolrropo4u rI n P ar adoxurinae, og rcojnx 7 Bpcra rrcrrBr y jyxnoj Asnju nje4na y AQprlrl. flpyracre na Mrrue 4u6erxe upana4ajy tro4rropo4ugu Hemigalinaerunje 4 apcre xuBe y jyroncroyuoj Aanju. Ilpare gn6erre, np[oso4orr u nenerKe upnua4ajy nor4rropoguqu Viverrinaervnjnx 17 Bpcra ,rcnBe y Asxju, AQpnqn, Ma;toj Aeuju, Apa6njn n jyroaaua4noj Erponn. Oa.nauyn trpuua4a ro4ropogngn Euplerinae, tnja je4na npcra xuBrr Ha Ma4aracKapy; Qarra"rrora npunaga no4tropo4uqu Fossinae, vujaje4na Bpcra rrcnBrl na Ma4aracrcapy; ooca rpnrrr/ta no.4ropo4rrqn Cryptoproctinae, wnja jeAna rpcra rrcnBu Ea Ma4aracrapy. Hajrtrarrn a{prrxrn .{yxma: npnoHo4oH ilM,a 4ylK'day TeJta or4 33 crr u 4y,*r;uy pera oA 38 cn, a najreha qn6erna ca Itre e6eca H 6nxryponr cy gyrarrKn orco 100 crr, 4or nu je perr *yraqax oro 50 cru. lbxnra: Afpnvru upnono4ox je rexarc 650 r, a tloca oro 20 rn

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lpeehy f aBoMHarrpez v AaraKo v ct4,taau. HeeepoearHoje cnperHa H Moixe la cKoqrzca ApBera Ha ApBo Ha Be unpeephyha ce Ha cpeA Koj y4a,,r'eHocrr.r, nyra,6aru Kao a rbeHn,reu rrerr.ryp. I4naa rzx rroMalo Ha rIe oM Magaracnapy.

A Ooca (Cryptoprocta feroxl nnuu Ha MaqKy. To je xajeefilt MecoxAep Ha MaAaracKapy. AyraqKa je oKo 68,5 cn, a pen ioije gyravax 63,5 cn. v Kao oAnr,rr{aH cKaKaq,Soca xopncrn cBoie npeAlbe Hore 3a xBaTalbenrreHa,a To cy 6ncepxe, neMypll H Apyrll Manl,lcllcapl,l, Koie y6nia jegnum ourrpl,rM yrp,r3oM.

O.rvsarbe
LIarco cy tqo.d rralMrzHe rlu6errce qecre x(HBorIzlbe, qu6erxa ca IJeae6eca, u"ru UHHoBcKana MuHa rlrz6erKa, ce cKopo IlIdK'aAaHe Mo)KeBIlAerv. Melyrau, Qena"uje naleHe y jeaHoj yAameuoj o6lacru IJe"re6ecacy 4oKa3 jour Hr.rje usyvprra,haKo 4a ra qu6err<a je IUCN cBpcrao y parbuBe)Kr.rBorurbe. je yrlaBO pelav qn6errcaua,r<ojrava nonr norpe6Ha HeraKHyrautyva 4a6u oncTa^e,ce BeoMaMa o 3Ha. Ma4aracxapccu QaraHyrc,QaHa,roxa n Qocacy y ee,uzrcoj onacHocrn.jep nu je craHr,rurre yrpo)KeHo s6or HaqvHa no,bon pHBpe4e noj z yx,ryv yje na-ibeFbe. Kpverce rxyMa Ha crpMuM r.a4laHaMa AoBoAr44o eposnje Lr nponaAat+,a n oAHOCTrr T a, na Ce.6auvHenpecTaHo ceKy npauyMe KaKo 6t,t MorALT Aa ! raje nupuna't. Y cyvmnM npe4elnMa, = c cna,tHBalbe 3eMrbnturarcojece Kopuc- o E TVr3a r4cnailly cToKe rrecTo AoBo4H 40 o
HeKOHTpO,\aCaHIItX nO)Kapa.

nerbarru H c^y?Ite ce qy^uMa c^yxa H BLrAa Aa 6u npoHaur^e xpaHy. floru'ro ?Kt4Bey rycTaM npa[ryMaMa, r{ecTo .4ylr crpMvx perrHnx o6a"a.a,Qaua,roxe ce xpaHe r^o4apHMa, MeKylxurrMa, ?Ita6ava u neruqaHuM jery,rsarraa.3a pas^HKy 04 ApyrHx Bly|BepvAa, Koje )KuBe caMoTHo, cMaTpa ce 4a QaHa oKa )KHBH y napoBriMa. (Da,raHyn (Eupleres goudotii) xuuw 4ytx rroToKa H peKa y rxyMaMa Ha HcToKy. I4ano ne cnanajy 3uMCKr4 caH, Qa^aHyK rr rovrrzaajy MacHe Haciare rpu Qanaa.oxa KopeHy pena Aa 6u urrt c yr(H^e ToKoM 3HMcKux Mecequ, oA jyHa Ao aBrycra, Kala lbrzxoBe npupo4He xpaHe HeMa y rrco5u"lby.(DaaaHyna nr.lje,rar<o npoHahv u BepoBarHo rrx HMa rraa",ro. Xpanu ce xa6ava, jery tbaMa, rlo4aplrMa, rlrrcraMa, AHCeKTuMa,JbyCI{apIdMa, a nOHeK2,4u nrzuaMa. Pubajy cauo noje4no M^MyHqe, ca urpoM oTBopeHuna ovunaa, xoje ocraje ys uajrcy Ao ro4uHy AaHa. Hajrexa 04 cBHX eueepz4a je Qoca, rrryMcxn oBarI rcoju je4e HeKo HKo BpcTa eMypa, r o4apa v nTvrua. je vutstuhana, r{Ma cHaN(He, Z:yseruo KparKe Hore H KaHue rcoje naorxeAaylyr{e, ruro joj ouoryhyje aa ce nen,e no

llo4craxnyra CsercKzN4Qon4ou sa npupoty (Worldwide Fund .for Nature WWD B a4a na Ma4aracnapy noKyrnaBa Aa vcKopeHn He^era Hy ceqy rcovepuuja-lHerpale, a n ro Hnje ,raxo a6or ynaeruaHocrrr MHorvx frocloBHrrx my+u rcoju uuajy 4o6pe eese.

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us /luenu ncu eodenopex,,to Amepuxeod npe 40Ceeepne 50 u,unuonazoduuau zornosl epcma cayday clernJ uMa,HeKa, Muoee bux06e o\e Jrcu7}nl,uute. pu cmuKenpenosuaj enr, o xapaxme xod domahuxnaca myiumatqa.
ocroje MHore Bpcre .4I4BrbHX naca. Y olou rencry heuo onucarr{ KoJoTa (3BaHor }r npepuJcK?rByK lrn.u ByK I43 runrpaxga/ u3 uraKale us AQpuCeeepne Arr.repnrce, xe,I4u4uje u BrrprcrcorI4ctoxa, aQpravKOf 4rrBref ncavrtlz' xejn.roeavrcor uca, AoAavl.la aarljcrcor Auetber rrca, aycrpaaujcxor Alanlra,paKyH nca H3 LrcrorrHe Asuje u ruyMcKornca, rcojrlxrrBa y ceBepHoM4e"ty JyxHe Auepvrce.

IIsrure4
paxyH flca H Cee oee Bpcre, y3 ra3yseraK rrryMcKorrrca,JeAaKo rrpeno3HarkrKao npuna4HnKe nopo4urle naca.Amercxe cy rpaf e, oKperHH, cavs4ylr<eHLrM, MHnrzhaeulu{ Te oM, BLrrKr4M, 4yrarrKuM HOraMa v 4yfavK'IlIM,rryfIaBHM perroM. Te,toje npeKpr.rBeHo Kp3HoM, uraja6oja ce pas.rnrcyjeKol pa3lnqurnx Bpcra. Lh'r.ajy rrerr,rpu npcra ca rcanqanrarcoje He Mory AayByKy.Il'yurrca uv je 4yrau ruflaqacra, a yIJJ'u Be^r4Ke lr yclpaBHe. AQpuvxu AlaBtbvr nac je Heo6uqaH no TOMerrrTo urMaoKpyr acTe yIIIu, npu,\LlirHo Be,\uKe y o4Hocy Ha r aBy. Parcyu rrac Lrr{Lr Ha paKyHa, HapotruTo no napaMa Ha Auuy. LIva nparrce yrrv v Hore, rz npullrr{Ho je e4enacr. Te,no rtayje npenprzneHo rycrlrM, qeKrzrbacTuM Kp3HoM, 4oK cy My AAaKe Ha HOfaMar aTKer4 cKopo rlpHe. lllyucxz nac r.rMaKparKe, oKpyrlacTe yilfvt, KpaTKe Hofe u 34enacro re^o. Kpano uyje rarr,tro6paon ua eeheru4e,ry Te,\a r4 cBeTAprJe Ha r^aBr4r{ BpaTy.

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A Japxo o6oieHo Kp3Hoa$puqKor AlrBrber nca noMor(e noieAlr Hql,ttila Aa ce paanuxyjy roKoM noBa - He nocroje ABa nca ca ucroM uJapoM.

v Kojor je aeoua npunaroArbl,tB. rpaAoBnua Y xexumauepltqKnM ynltqaxojorn ueraiy npoMerHnm

Ma Hacerba.

Crarrr.rurre
lunmw rrclr Hacrarbyjy,yr,raenoM, pa3AHrrHTacraHzrrrra. Kojor je ]rcr4Bort4rba xoja no,lu orBopeHe, TpaBHare npe4ee, a^rr ra HMa v y mvKapaMa, H rrryuaua. Yerupu Bpcre rxaKala x(rrBe y B aXHTTM CaBaI{aMa v peTKLlMrrryMapI4vtMa, Id.ao v y cTeHoBzTrlM rrpe4e^rrMa oa 2 700 v (npyracru uraAo BkrckrHe rca,t);y cyButMorBopeHHM rrpe4elrlMa rllr,r oHHM o6pacaau rpM"t,eM (ruaxa"r IIpHrrx rr^v cvrBkrx "rela a 3larHur ilrarcaa,) z Br,rcoKr.rM ^uea4aua,rz MorrBaparr.ra rlenely 3 000 - 4 000 u HaZMopcKe

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ltnBrbnncn
(erHOnCXpr BIACr.rHe evx). AQpn v rcu AaBJbLrrrua orBopeHa "o,n" rrpocrpaHcrna. On je nperexHo rrryMMonce 4a ce cperHe cKa )Kr-rBorrrma. cByAa- 04 r ncKrax u [ aH]rHcKprx40 nusujcnlrx LfiyMav rycror ix6yma. Paxyn nac ce cpehe y rnyMauavrycTO rlO[ryM/beHLrMnpe4eNvrMa,rrecTo y o^r43t4 HrzJe3epa r4^n peKa.

Hanllrce
naca ce je4Pasrruvzre Bpcre AABT,HX Hr4 oA Apyrvrx pae,nurcyjyKao no noHarualry, TaKo Iz rlo oKpyxelby y KoMe )KvBe. 3aysr.rr'aajy HeKy repuropLriy, raaxoje ue 6paue ?(ecroKo H cy Mar,eBurrre ZpyurBeHrz. O6uqno )KraBey rroloplaMa pa3 I,IaIIzre ee,\z.ruHe. HeKr4qoflopr4 ce cacToJe 04 nopo4uqHr4x rpyra, 4oK cy Apyfn qoropu BeoMa
ycfl eIuHtI oBar{Krr Tt4 MOBH.

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Arnro ureHqu 6pso pacry.flox AocrurHynorpe6xy eennruxy,o6a po4r,rrerba caxynnajy xpaHy3a cBoeMnaAyHqe.

qonopa uocrojz npenoY eehr.rHr,r grrartr'LrBa, xzjepapxzja. 4oMrrHaHTHa Kojorrz H rrraKalu, nnp., auajy BeoMa opraHH3oBaHyApyrurBeHy crpyKrypy 'noMay xojoj cy no4peleuv q^aHoBH ravn', noju ce saje4uo ca po4v^Fenrua 6prlny o Mla4yHrlr{rrra.AQpuvxlz 4zB.bu ilac n u a j e4au og,.wajcra6uan uj ux qonopa, rcojz ce cacroja u o430 qlaHona. O4rr,rapajy ce,cnanajy,nape, penpoAyryiy u ce^e y rrcroM r{onopy. flnnro je usrae4a Hajycar'rneHvja Bpcra AuBtbvrxnaca. Oefi ncu xlrBe y rrapoBnMa, aln noHeKaa <popunpajy claoe Be3e ca ApyruM AIlIlfo ncrrMa y ucroj o6rracru. Aa.*y vri'vl flur'mu ncn cy aKTHBHTT uohy, a sehnHa aKTHBHocTH ce o4nnja y 3opy pr^HcyMpaK.Ynperruu o6-racruV qeBacrlr o6nnx noMaxe uyMcKoM Ma rrogHe npoBo4e y oAMapaE,yvrNr4 y ncy Aa ce 6pso xpefie Kpoe rycro rtref yco6Hola r wv,apercy..! r4Hro H HeKLr pacrlfrbe y 6nnsnau pe'{Hl,rx o6ana y ruaKa H cy HajaxrrznHrzju nohy. TponcKlrM rlyMaMay xojnma>t<HBl,r. Mame Bpcre, Hapor{t4TopaKyH nac Lt rrryMCKH nac, nohy cnanajy y jas6wHaMa - ro Mory aa 6yay rryKorrzHe y rxyrr,bHHe y Aeo,\HMaHAHpocTeHaMa. ronu. Paxyn nac je je4unvr.ALrBtbvrrac KOJLI CnaBa 3HMcKIl caH KOJIIMoxe 4a TpaJe 04 HoBeMopa 40 MapTa, aNu ta npeKz4a xa4aje 4aH ronao n rcpehe y roTpary 3a xpaHoM. Behzua 4un r,vrxr'aca r,rMa BHrrrepa3r4rrr-rruxHaqvna sona, o4,,rajarbau petnarba Ao rcojororor rryBeHor rrohrror saar,rjama.Pasau.rnru 3ByrILrce KoplrcTgE? pd?Mg-IITHX Pa3^ora - Aa ov ce
-\lt |\, .x:-: .t a

I Cre,rgrl maxa,ra cpe6pmre[a, crapr lr7unrzonarqq6a, cynaicraprp $ocrrm ocrarFieAf,ortrca. I Koior ie uai6o,tn lpxar o4 cnruxAEE&Ex naca.Moxe 4a6ocrmre 6psuryo465 rorra carrr Aanpecxovanperao 4 u racme. Koior ie rue 4o6no.oA acrelu(e pes[ - Koiorl. Hay.rso uue ry ie Canis labans mro grrffi. uac roin.c.aie. I Ao Morre Ao mrie4e 4 xr ueca o4ie4rou sa oxo ie6gx ca,L r KpanoparrysncaceiomsoretrycylrgpaF rcyn tr rropncrE se xaoyr{rac Ea 6y6nenma .: nogehrr t Paryr ms ie isAdtr TArm FopoAtr{e Caniilaexolunemle. r Heruxaywnrycuarpaiy4aie 4nmo 4ouahu nac noix ie aoAilt&aoi Aplryx cuaapaiy 4a ieper o noce5roi rpcrr.

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noMohy Bl/r4a.PasL]/rqr.rre Bpcre ra3e^a v anlTr4n.Qna cy.t4M oMr.r,beHe ,KpTBe, a norrrTo r43ABoJeJe4uHKy rr3 Kp4a, rronop IlacaJe HeMn^ocp4Ho Jypu, noHeKa4 H no HeKoAlrKoKM, Aocrr,rxyhu 6pszne u 4o 60 KM Ha car. Ka4a yxnare )r(prBy, y6ujajy je 6pso r.r ro, yr aBHoM,raKo urro joj pacnope yrpo6y, .{euhe Hero yrpH3oM 3a Bpar. raKobe.Mecolr(Zep,vaKo arecro . flo,tje ^erueBe KoJn ocTaJyrr3a Be HKtrx Je4e MaqaKa.Y ceojy HcxpaHy yxnyuyje vt 6o6zue. o6u.rHo ,toBt4)KrrBorulbeBehe oZ ce6e. Aoev ux y vonopuua. Aon Moxe Zyro ta rpaje ra na rcpajy acUpnJLeHa )KpTBa 3aBpIIIaBa OnKO,beHa 11 Hafla4HyTa ca cBr,rx cTpaHa.

A MnaAyxqh uaKara cpe6pHlrx y jas6unn9rAoK neba cy ce oKorr,rrr,r HeHanyHe 6 ueceur ocrafie y tboi.

V llpyracrn uaKan jege qpxoruny, ryuTepe]r nr]rrnoAape, [HceKTe, qe, Kaolr pa3He 6uruxe.

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L[axa,trz ayro uuajy penyraqrajycrpBvHapa, atv je4y r4 pa3lr4qvre 6r'ubKe H cBerre Meco. Iloaaplr cy BepoBarHo uajveurha xpaHa ervoncKor ByKarz rrraKa a cpe6pHzx,tela. Meco crlcapa .turle'vr 907o xojoroee ucxpaHe. flten yr,raaHoMnparlr, a 3aTHM 3ACKOqU HA THNHqHO IACiH HA'IUH.

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Byayhu Ao6ap r^vBaq, rcojo"r Harepa cBoj n^eH y BoAy,r4eje eulen 4a ^oBul pu6y 2-3 nojora Mory Aa ce y4pyrrte Aa 6v ytroBr4llr Behrz na,eH, a r4grue4a 4a noHeKaA capabyjy H ca ja3aBueM. Kpehy ce saje4Ho,nprz qeMyKojor Kopr4cTvrcBoJe orrrTpo rry^o MLrpvrcaAa 6ra,r.oqzpaojas6zne r^o4apa, Koje ja3aBau3arHMHCKo[acBojLrM 4yraqKaM,
CHA;(HI4M KAHUAMA.

LIarco je ilryMcxlr nac BeoMa OH CaMOCTa HO J\OBrZ 4pyIIITBeH, eehrz 4eo xpaHe. Parcyu nac raKobe Hajueruhe oBu caM z najeehra 4eo BpeMeHa frpoBo4H, rpaxehn xpaHy y cBoM rrryMcKoM craHlrrrrry. ToKoM Aera ce xpaHH pa3HoBpcHo-, je4e m_o4ape, ryrrrTepe, uHceKTe, pr4oy, Kao vr,ovutrKe, a y jeceu ce BHrue oc^arba na 6o6rzqe, ceMerbe v Koperbe.

PasilrHorcaBarbe Hy rr'aAa HarryHe3 ue4eme,ary xpaHy ncu uuajy caMo noje4Ho ^erlo noBpaTu po4vTetb rr^rl rroMararr- M a{,wemn roAI4IIIIbe,OOLTTTHO HaKOH rreplro4a rec/'r4 nac n3 [peTxo4Hor HaKoTa. IlTaxa,rz rauajy c,ruvan cacreu 6puraqrzje xoju y npoceKy rpaje 9 lae4erba. Mory 4a ce pa3MHolxavajy y 6z,lo rcoje re o M aArzMa, Kojv ce raxofe pabajy y jas6uuarta - o6u.l{o oHuu rcoje je Ao6a roAvrrre, atz. HeKe Bpcre reMrrlrpajy narcor raKo 4a naj6o,re HcKopzcre HaflycTr4^a HeKa Apyra )rfl4BoTprlba. yc^oBe y KoJlrMa xr,rBe. flouara.rz cy Ml*a4larrraKalu r43nperBerrrjqlrFra er a Bapnpa o4 je4nor xo4Hor Harcora xojra joru Hrzcy HarycKyqera Jo 19, a rrrreHrJuce palajy c,,re- Tu^u poAuTe,6e, Kao rrrTo cy To yqunrz ra 6ecuoMohHu. Behrzna Bpcra orHv a HeKa rbHXoBa 6paha u cecrpe. Bapa oqu nocle 14 4aua, rrBpcry xpaHy M,ra4ynrlz r.r3^a3ezs jae6uue ca oKo floilurby 4a yswuajy flpeno po4rTe.lba 3 ne4e,rne, a po4l,irreJblz14 noMaraqLl t4lr4 rroMaraqa lria4a cy crapr{ rzsvely rrx 3aruM qecro npeMerurajy y Apyre 2 ao 6 He4etr'a,a rloHeKa4 14BLrtre,y jae6rzue. lllreHqu rrranala o6lr-rso ne 3aBucHocrlr 04 Bpcre. Behrana cprcaoKo y3wMaJyrrBpcry xpaHy 4oK He HafryHe 8 He4ena, ajas6nay nanyurrajy ca oKo ABa MeCeUa. {ur'mw ncz o6r'r.rHopabajy MAaAyH- 3 ruecerla.Ca 6 lreceqz rrorrrcrby,4a vJr1ey Hexoj npcrujas6zue. )KeHxa xojoa3e u oBe caMocTa^Ho. T a LlAr4 LtCKOrra COnCTB eHy J a3OVrIly Vr AV AQpuvxu AvrBhvrrrac ce nopala y noeeha ouy nojy cy neh ucKorra^v ^uHanyurenoj jas6uuw us noje ce M acuqa utru jasaeaq. flouexa4 ABe)r(eHKe AylauLrnojaenyjy ca 3 Heae"be.14 r<o4 xojora raje u,ra4yurle y ucroj jaz6uuw. rbrrx cBr,rr{ aHoBLrrrofropa noepahajy M"ra4yHqz noqHy Aa jeAy rrBpcry xpaxpaHy 3a M^MyHrJe. Illreurla cle4e rro305

AnBnnncu
Caniihe, !,rr,sz rcn rpna4aiyropo4rrp y xoiy craaaiy n Byr(olf,, if,cf,qe r 4ouahx ncr. Byxorn npma6aiy nctox pogy, Cankrxao a roior, maraaE Af,mo. Yryrpcrycna6aiy: Koior (Canislatrans) g*o(Canktupusilingo) 3,rarrz maxaa (Canis aureus) Ilpyracrn marar (Can* ailustus) IIIaraa cpe6prn tetla (Cank mesomelas) Ernoncrn ryr (Canis simensk) Arfprwcn gmrn nac (Ly caon pifius) got (Cuonalpinus) Parqfx nac (Nyctereuta pro cyonoiiles) Illprcxn nac (Speothosvenaticas) Ocnoe BehuHe r{oflopa AAB,r'vxnaca je nopo4Hrla: MHorv tnrer'uv AvrBtbr x naca ocTaJy ca poAVlenrvMa oapeM 4{) cle4eher HaKora. Behrlna Bpcra nolHO Ca3peBa AO Ce3OHe rraperba noc^e lbzxoBor polerua. a,rt,t aKo ocrajy ca po4r4TeJbHMa,nape ce TeK KacHHJe. Y celrw qonopr.rMa nocroju AIMVHaHTHH nap, MyXqaK r,r )KeHKa, v caMo ce oHLt nape. Arco nexa no4pelena )KeHKa HMa nOpOZ, KaO rrrro ce rroHeKa4 AerxaBa, AoMHHaHTHa )KeHKa O6H.rHO y6nja n'eHe rxreHue.

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v Aon HaBoAHo Moxe Aa ce npltnaroAlrnajexcrpeunnjnnn rnnyCIOBUMa,OA TpOnCKe MaTCKUM

Bpen}rHe ucnoA Ao reMneparypa Hyney aanjcxnm nnaHlrHaMa.

A Paxyn nac cnaBa 3lrMcKnM cHoM, lraKo caMo Ha KparKo. Janaxqn ra noBe paAlr xpaHe, lberoBy Koxy Kopucre 3a ogeBarbe, a oA xocrnjy npaBe neKoBe. nop 3 vrecerla,atr4He noqnrby 4a oBe jour nexo BpeMe HaKoH rora. OHu se nocrajy npaBu IoBrIn rrpe Hero rrrro Hanyueje4Hy roAlalr,y. fo,r nyuxa nparrpeMa jaz6wty, npasehrz y4o6Ho ler o y creHaMaH rl Kopracreha nocrojehy'jaz6uay, qecro Ha o6a.rrz rroroKa, y nojoj he ce oxornrn. Yonop y ro BpeMe capalyje y norryqaK H AOHOCrz HOCTH. xpaHy rraajua AOx M,nagrl occe oHa 6puHe o M alyHrJrrrr,ra. rajy yjae6raHncKopo 3 rueceqa, MaAavx q aHoBHqonopa H3 rbe cele y cryuajy onacHocrn. lTouurry Aace npuapyxyjy oBy n aay6ujajy ca ce4aMMeceuv. fluuro ce o6zqHo nopala KacHo y 3vrMy14 y-paHo npo,tehe. O6a po4aTe,iba Ce OpIrHy O MIa4yHIIuMa LI aKo

YoseK qecro ,loBH u [ponarba MHore AHB,berrce, qecTo s6or npsHa, aau o6aqrIo s6or rora rxro ce cruarpajy u r r e r o q h H a M ay n o a o n p n n p e 4 a . j e p y5ujajy 4ovahe ?KHBorHlL,e. Y nexurvt o6,racrava ce cnramyjy rbHXoBacrar{Izu]Ta,Jep aIoBeK3aAa3u y rr,vXOBO npHpo/Ho oKpyxelr'e. loe najyrpoxeuuje Bpcre cy erzoncKrr ByK rz aQpzvxrz AVB,bv nac. Epoj
eTHOnCKUX ByKOBa Ce yT aBHOM

*\nnmra ncu n qoBeK

cMalblro e6or urzperr,a no,tr,onpuBpe4e,360r noje He caMo 4a ce yHl{rxraBa

HUXOBO CTaHVIUTe, eeh 4O,laen U 4O

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H3 nperxo4uor Haxora joru cy MAaAt4 yBeK y 6nusuHu vr oHV noMazKy. Paxyu nac ce nopala oA Mapra 4o uaja. O6a po4v^rena opldHy o M^alyHrlrlMa, 4oHOcerrM rrBpcry xpaHy AoK He HanyHe je4an rr.recerl.

cMarbenra 6poja r,no4apa rcoju vune ocHoBrbaxoBer.rcxpaHe. 2004. je npoUerbeHOAa y AIdB:t'I4}I[ vMa Mane Oa 450 oeux xvrBorlrlba. KareropusoeaHrz cy Kao yrpolKeHa BpcTa rz Ha^a3ece Ha rJpBeHoj HcrH. AQpuvrcu Akrr,i'vrnac je raKobe Ha Ar4cru yrpoxeHnx. IbHxoe 6poj ce cuarryje Ze^uMr4trHo s6or cN{arbeF,a cTaHHrrrTa, a,\r4Je oH HcTo TaKo fro4O)r(aH ennAeML!aMa Kao rxTo Je lxTeHeharc, rcojaje y lrcrorrHy AQpnxy 4ocreo norrerKorr,r 20. eexa. llpoqerbyje ce zrraazsrraely 3 000 Aa Ax y AkrBrbul'l.u u 5 500. {o,n ce AaHacHa.l,a3vHa }rcr}i yrpoxeHux BpcTa,a [ryMcKr,r flacJe parbnBa Bpcra. Zano ce rr,HxoB6poj crtrarcyje y
HeKUM Ae OBIzMa, y MHOflrM OO aCTHMa cy AaHac earuruheHr4 3aKoHoM.

306

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Byroeucynexada 6wu najpacnpocmparcenuju npedamopu Betluteu un,Seu,nu. Anu ne6pojeue zoduue npozoru cynx y yduoene npornepule utyMe u ruuudurue.
HTe r4feHTHLI, BeIIITII U npn^afo4J}lrlBr, ByKoBr4cy.BepoBaTHo HaJPacrpocrparr,eHnJa npr4poAHa Bpcra cvcapa. Caez eynonu cy HeKa4a rr(uBelrz na qe,r,oj cenepHoj xerlrzcQepH y. pa3^LlquTrzM cTaHHruTuMa - 04 HTz3HJCKLTX 3apaBHU !r rIyMa 40 rr^aHrrHCKHX rO eTr,r,HenAOAHr,rX rro^y-nycTr4rba z eAeHr4x apKrr4qnr4x 'tyHApLr..Aa 6u [pe]r{HBe^r.r y TaM pa3^LlrrrrTr4Mcpe4vHaMa, oHrz cy r{ayl{v.l.u 4a r{cKopr4cTe rav je 4ocrynaH, o4 cBaKH n eH n<-rjrz HHceKarau MIzueBa4o uohHux reuKarxa Kao rrrro cy 6u3ou, e eH r.r MorxycHo roBeqe. Ma,no nojr.r npeaarop rav je 4opacTao, a"\u rbLlxoB Haqr{H }KrrBoTa r4Ma JeAHy Be,\HRy He3ro4y: OH rzx 4OBOAVy dl4peKrHo cynapHrrrrrrBo ca qoBeKoM h cBy4a rAe xHBe. ByKoBH Heul6exHo ry6e y roj ueje4uanoj 6op6u. Ilocroje 4ee Bpcre rcoje cy npe?I(I4Bee. IJpeeHz eyn je uena4a xr4Beo rxr{poM jyroucrovHnx CAl, aAV ce ZaHac encrpeMHo perno cpehe y 4zenrz*M.. Cusu uyn je jour yBeK BeoMa pac-

A Benh,{axcrBeHo Kp3Ho o6nqsor

cuBor ByKa ra lrrTr.rTl4 oA eKcTpeMH14x yOnOBa 31,lMCK14x y uryMcKl,tM 14 n'|aHltHcKl,rM cTaHliluTnMa.
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npocrpan eH y Kale'a7.u, Anacqu, Lrcroquoj Eeponrz, Cxau4uHauuju, Pycujv,, B,r.rzcxouLlcroxy, IJeHrpa,ruoj Azuju u Cu6upy, naKo.cyy nehunn oeux.o6.\acrra nony,r,arluje BeoMa perKe. llocrojz
HeKOATZKO paca CUBTZX ByKOBa:Ty Cnaaajy AprrrzvKlr ByK, cr4Bri ByK t43 ceBepHO-aMepHqKHX ByK rZ3 CTerrCKrZ .rIIyMa, ueHTpa-^Ho-a3llcKllx [ycTHna u oor4qHlr ByK KOJrrJOrx yBeK yTa rxyMaMa LI fr aHHHaMaHcrorrHe Enpone u Cxau4unanzje. Crencrrz eyx je eurna xr{Borrrma, 6,le4or Kp3Ha,4onje Apnrraqxz ByK r43CeBepHZx TyHApr Benr{ H r4MarycTo, 6e,no Kosno. 9onop. ByKoBa je nporurapeHa nopo4uqa noja perKo HMa Br4rxe 04 20 q-^a-

A Cueu ByKje jou yeer ulrpoKo pacnpocrpabeH, ByK anlr qpBeHn (necxo; ie aarac BeoMa penaK; y jeAuxorra cTaHlllxTy, Ha lberoBoM jyroracroryCAA,ce HajaBrbyjy y 3aroqeHnujrBy nporpaMxoAraialba lr noHoBHor Bpahabay nprpoAy.
Hoea. Behv Ha Lloropa ce. cacrojrz o4 rxecT 40 ocaM o4pac^Hx, KoJe trpeABo4u frap, Ha3BaH a.tQa uyxjan AoMlaHarrr:e.r4 u a,tQa )KeHKa. O6rz.r.Fro cy ro jelnnn ByKOBT{y qonopy KoJr,r ce pa3MHo}r{aBaJy, ocra,\e o4pac^e Je4I4HKe cy oouqHO II'UXOBIZ nOTOMIJtt H3 npeTxOZHLIX roAhHai 6es concreeue repzroprzje. Byxoez cy dpyurrBeHe xrrrBorrrrr,e ca

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r'osugujy, y aroropy cnopo Za HeMa 6op6e. Cnaxn ByK 3Ha ceoje uecrb, a-tz caMo ZoHeK-te. KaZ ro4 ce qlaHoBrr tronopa cacraHy, oHI4 froHoBo npo^a3e Kpo3 lpyruTBeHe pLrryaie, Ae r{MIrrIHo craryc KBo, atla H Aa 4a 6u yvepcrntr 6r.r nponepu,lu ceoje Mecro y noperKy. flonpelreHo BrzcoKo paHrvpaHh ByK Mo?Ke 4a 6y4e 4erpa4vpaH, a Apyru 3ay3Me neroBo Mecro. Ilosr.rqzja ceprHyTor ByKa Mo)r(e 4a rrocraHe ro^rzKo Aoura Aa oH noTrryHo Ilarrycr?r qorlop.

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Hajr',r ralrz, HllcKo paHrHpaHH ByKoBrz, ncrjz ueuajy MHoro rora Aa usry6e, vory

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lbl,lxoBl4M nrlaH n HCKl,l M CTaHI UJTl,lMa,

rAe noBe pa3He x(lrBoTl,tlbe, oA HajMabxx neM14Hra Ao Ben1,|Klrx 6[soHa u [pBaca, Koir4 cy Mera qonopaKojuje KpeHyo y noB.
TjHCTHFTKTOM 3a Capa4rby LLBaCoKOpa3BujeHH cMucao 3a xa.jepapxujy. A,rQa ttap je ua Bpxy roperna y qoilopy, rptl qeMy a Je MyxJaK Ma o ...[oMuHaHfHr4JV, cBIz ocTa\H My ce rphrrAabaJy, rrpr{Apxaeajyha ce crpr.rn'r'Ho uelyco6Hol,r lloperKy. Ano je4arr o4 a-r<pa rrlaHotsa HecTaHe,4pyrv ByK u^pr Byril4rla ne 3ay3eTH rberoBo, olHocllo lbeHo MecTo. Zaro rrocrcljz cyxcl6naearre 3a BpxouHy ranole la Hanycre r{orop HaKoH HeKor BpeMeHa u aa oattylajy y A:ae;bvHy y uaAr4Aa he npoHahn naprHepe Iz ocHoBATLI CONCTBEHT.I qONOD.

A Creu ByKje HeKaAa Bna,qao uyMaMaceeepre Anaepuxe, ann AaHacra uMa caMoTaMo,rAe HeMarbyAl4Koil,l ra yrpoxaBajy. E { BYxoeu i naefiyco6xo E xorvry.nraqrapajy . 3 3aB4abeM,ro le : Haq[HAa ! o6aeecre ; cyceAHeLronope SaacyuoHH g nprcyrxu y roj 'o6nacr[.

ce rlarrc,rrzeo xpehe. . B)* caMorft,aK I zs6eraea ocra-^e qonope a He rrpaBr,r oH cyKooca 4pyrHMqonopoM ii uyKy.Jep Mofao 4a 6yae <para,naH no bera. ! ,raxo -d t[,raHoBr.1 voropa ce perKo 6ope vely.! co6no, a,ra 6es oK eBaba ce ypore o nporue yn>e3av y6ujy ra.TorcovjeceHra
H 3HMe qonop ByKoBa Ce HOMa/CKLI

rroHarua. Y uryvcnuu o6,racrrzlra, r4e je4Hor uua o6z,te nleHa. repra-roprzja qoropa Moxe da 6yae npz,ravHo Ma-l.a rz 4o6po rloBprrnrHe 4eQuuucana, Marbe oZ 100n', a,tz aKo ce n,l,eH perKo Hala3r4, replrropz.ja Molr{e Aa ce noeeha 14 Aecer nyra. Byr<oeu, nojz ce xpaHe vpBacr4Ma y apKTrzrrKVMTyH4paMa, npare cBoJ rr^eH KoJrz ce ce^Iz y saBr4cHocrrz oZ ro4rlrxrler 4o6a. Je4aH raKaB rronop, xoju cy rparr4lLr Ha Luac:1.u, je npe,lasuo no l100KNr sa tuecr He4eaa Ha yrcynHoj noBprxaHt4 oa 13 000 ro,r'?.

O6enexcanarbe MnprrcoM
Bynonu o6e,rexe MuprlcoM HeKe vcraKHyre raqKe Ha ceojoj reprzro-

{ Pexar+e- npn qeMyce noKa3yjy 3y6e - n3meAa nprn14qHo 3acrpauyjyfie u o6uqHo je goeoruro 4a ocrare qraHoBe oA oA6paHlr HeBOrbe.

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Rvnoen cy oropl'yHrrcrtl: oHI4Je4y cBe urTo Morv 4a y^oBe Il caB^a4aJy. "/\eTH cy ro qecr(i n ueo6u'rHa crRoperba nonyr rlruua, xa6a, 6y6a, a IloIIeKaA qar u ca-Aarao4 notra a,rnurajeea. OHn jeAv n r r pB14H('. a crpaLrlHapenvraur'rja. r{o]a nx Je [PaTx a Y nporx^ocT]], Je Molr{Aa noTr II{pHBaIIa }r'HxoB()M HaBrT-

{ Cyxo6ruenu
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Cynepuopru ByKje cBor

.E pvjt4, Kao rxro ro Kyrruhr4 paAe ca 6aHiL a npv ToM FIapoqHTy rla)Itrby . 9 lepaMa, rlocBehyjy rpaHHqHuM 30IIaMa. 3a .q rr4 3Harfr4 Cy IreIrO@ ByKOBe r43 OKO LTHe o rpeIJJuBH cl4f Ha.l.Il B acH t{IIITBa. o ! O6e,rexaeabe MlrpilcoM je je4au o71 o HarrvHa Ha KoJeByKoBL't KoMyHHur{paJy; o apyru je sanujame. Cyr<o6u uguely 6 - qonopa cy BeoMa onacHr4,IIaJe o()HqH.o CB(Ue KOpLTCHO AA CBAKI4.qonopH_aJaBH rrpucycrBo sanujameu. Je4aH ByK [(r{He Aa 3aBI]Ja, a ocra^H r{ aHoBl,l qonopa My ce rrprr4pyxtyjy y pe<ppeHyC l

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u3rneAa Kao Aayx\r4BaJyy ToMe, a crHrle (e H ylr.{can aa ao6po lranzjarle uva rlcuelv reJbcKrl e(rexar.. KaAa cy Byr{ou14 y roKpery, ollu 3aBilJaJy,AoK ce Kpeny r{po3 rxyMy, 4a 6v o4pxa^},r Kolll'al{]] O6n.rno xa4a je4an qorop rrorrHe da 3aBVJa,noqnrbe v Apyfll4C) Kofa 4oIrpe :iByK h ro crBapa clpatuHy xaxo(louzjy. llonena4 ce cyce4HLlr{o[op He ornacn. 3a ro nocroje 4o6prz pa3lo3a. Mox4a je raj qonop BeoMa MaA:a.- MHor-o MarbH c)4 oHora KoJA 3aBHJa - na ce crora Lr fl,larrrn. Zg prcror pa3lola ByK caMotbaK HVRaA He eannja. lloHena4 TVXH rronop Morrt4a HaMepaBa Aa 3ay3Me leprzroprzjy u hyru narco 6u Morao 4a rpulpeMr.r eQrznacrry c sace4y.Thnnrl Harra6la Hlrcy neo6uvHz y .q a je rerurco Hahu o6,tacrzlra rye c,to6o4o Fry reprzropriJy.
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E v_ e t t , a t t t o j e _q Y t t r r ' t t o t t l t o , r e l t t ', r ( ) r l ( ) p o yMecT() O lle^(u rlo ,\yfaly HaBHr{e: +4,a repur'oprzju.! BynoBH ltpehy y altrlz.jy rz: n rre 3:i l)a:lMI Ioi+iallalt,e. o re ()a3e,.Jarlt) Je//u Hl6op .jas6r,rrrc .jc tta ctitnnoi iriettnu, ut o j : r o 6 u . r r r oo r r o j r r a r r a j u l r u r oIjr o l H t 1 u . i t ce lrzpHril ca BoloM troil()l)il \i :]llMy co llalv l rro i]a4l)iKa H (x)H(il ro /[()]ril4Bo (ByrtoB ucie rrap'l'lrepe).[Ianorr ce/uiM lle4e,{)a'; z rpy4H<lfie, <ltra 4o6H.ie r\el:\o oA tle lt{pil U
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<( A wtnanyHqu ByKoBa n3 npBHnyTn3na3e jas6uxeKaAa cy crapu rpr HeAerbe. Aa6n ux oA6unuoA cucaFba, oApacnur,rM AoHoce
HIH TA CBEXEMECO noBpahajy lr3 cBojltx croMaKa, onn no4crruy raKMilqelbe n3Meby MnaAyHaqa, Ao3BorbaBaiyhr uM lrrpe. 6op6e y oKBl,rpy

. ByKoeIa cy HeKaJa )KLlBeAr4 y r{eloj EparaHnja. Hanos Eurne KoA Xejcrnurca 1066. uorrEuy,ru EHnesLI 'Kao cy ocraB.oeHraHa 6ojuou rrorby xpaHa rJpBraMa a y 16. H ByKoBHrwa', BpeMeBlagaBuue Mepa npaBeKy,3a nnqe Ilftorcne, y l[rcotcroj je eaa4a.na 'ayuja rcyra'. floc;re4rblr ByK y Illrorcnoj je y6ujew 1743. . Apnrtr.rxu ByKoBI4 rKI,rBe ro r4Ko 4a eKo HaceBepyAaBuMrr uopajy Aa ^oBe y Beqr4ToM upany.Ynproc roMe oHr4 ]Kr.rBe eeovra4o6po, j"p .y Aa,\eKo04 cBor - qoBeKa. uajeeher nenpujare,'sa r Byxonra cy jotu yBeK npulurlHo 6pojnu y Tpancrn"reauwjn, r4e uuajy BeoMa BeAr{Ky y^ory y AereH4rrMao
ByKO4 aqHMa.

Ao ce4aM c,nerrux,6ecrrollohnnx M,ta4-v- KoM 4a Ku/JaJ)iroIIyT Aelxl4Hapa, Meco ca nrlzcKHx errreRa. I4cn,laru ce y3erh Haqa. Tonor,r lrpBe rpn He4erbeno lmf3erbv orra cKolfo vollrllre He u3,\a3l4 I4:] raKBy xpaHy, anoje,tano uauhu Ha rbv, aKO Ryr{ caM Mopa la ce rloMytlH, la H ocrzrba ce rra Mya{JaKa 4a JqJ ULALr .la3or4He goHece xpaHy. OcralaK qorropa lanof';e 6ra .jeo, oH he 1'eeri nra6paru Hajeehy ,fiprRy ca nojou Moil{e Ja ural1e ua npa.j, o6eo6el1yje xparrv noj H Mla4yHrtaMa, He rropac'fY.oHH .raK jep fie uy 'r'o 6nru uajucn,rar,nuBl4jg-y AOKOHr{ 4OBO,r,HO KaJa nor c4y erreprnje nojy yrpouru. 3a Mory Aa ce nouauajy H Kao Aa4uJber je4uor BVKaro 6n uorao 4a 6y4e Mar6H uajxa o4e v ,toB 3a concrBeHe norpe6e. HanoH ,4Balo rpr] MeceIJaMAa4yHIIIT je,leH n,nn oBrla; AoK 3a ueo qonop Bai+iHAeBU3aUITOBI'I[IC' TO OOJ,C' cy crrpeMrrrz Aa Tpqe ca qonopoMr a jas6aHa ce Hanyrxra. M,na4yuuu ocrajy Bvnoez, noju,loee y qoropy, Mory Ja cae,ra4ajy u oca npeno 500nr, urro.je Ca pOduTeJLUMaHeKO"\HI{OIOJHHa, AOK He Hayqe KaKo, rl'e LI u,r'ta na roBe , 2-\H Aecer [yra re]fie ct4 BeAIzKor eyna. 3a H a x p a j l H X H a r v u r r a j r n a n o ( l n r t o x r ' - caR^a4aBarbe raKo Be IrKor n^eHa Je rrolpe6na cHara, o4yrlHocr I4 TuMcKH ut?L H Ia ocFr,vJy BAacrHTe rrollope.

309

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paA,3aro ce 6,nprcne Be3e yHyrap qonopa Hcnlare,jep ceu capalyjy xano 6n noKoprl^rj )r(pTBy. Byx yraanHoM oBrl nonohv Hoca, ny[rehu Ba34yx se 6pr H ocerrzo Mlzpuc nleHa. Ka4a vonop oceru HeKH Mr4pI4C,CBId CTaHy H rrOALTfHy r^aBe 4a 6a ynu"rn apoMy, onpehy ce Ka rz3Bopy u ys6yfeuo Mauy penoM. fLprxoe c e4ehn norea saBncr4 o4 repeHa. Ha oTBOpeHOM npe4,e^y, oe3 3aK OHa, qonop oaMax rpela3n y aana4. Y ruyMr,r nocToJe Be,\uKe rrraHce 4a ce Henpr{MerHo npa6anxe. Olnu u4y y

) Xexxa ByKa6npa jas6uxy, r,rcKona je n3MebyKopeHa l,rcnoA ApBefia r,r'|1,r creHe,a o6no)Kilie
OnaIllM ,Il,luheM, MaxoBltHoM lr AnaKoM ca concTBeHor HEKE CTOMAKA. jas6nxe ce Kopr,rcre roAnHaMa, HapoqnTo Ha ApKrr,rKy rAe ce AO6pa Mecra perKo Hana3e.

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.( eyx caMorlbaKo6xqHo MnaAll MyxiaK - npena3ll BenlrKe pa3AarbxHe y noTpa3h3a HoBoM replrrop,rjoM. oH paqyHaAa ce BOAer Apxx noAarbe oA ocrant/|xqonopa, a 360r Bnacrnre
CllrypHOCTtl

Aa oAycraHy, a^H aKo y I{'PAy HMa M aAVX AAV 6o,recsnx ]KnBorutt,a, oHH Hehe 4a o4y, eeh he ocraru 4a upe6ajy.

Thlrcrn pa4
tr4sr eAe Mory Aa ce noeehajy y: nolaoh rLtMcKor paaa. Asa vtla Tpv ByKa Bpe6uiy y 3aceAr, JoK ocrair{ q aHoBr4 qoropa r()KyrrlaBaJy4a ycnaHilqe Kp4o v aa ra orepajy Ka 3aMrlr{. Ka4a yrreAaJy 3aMKy, CnOCOt)HlrJe)ItLrrlOTr{rbe noHeKal usry5e ?rcHBrJe H Hanycre ocrane. Je4aH eyrc rrpa6u xrprBy, Apyru norpqu y nonaoh Lr yil KoMerxarba KonLrra u o6,naxa npaul.rHe, oHu je o6ope. fcluuHaHrHr.r ByK()BHce o6uvHo npsu

r36eraBa Aa 3aBlria lr Aa MxpHcoM o6enex(aBa replrropl,riy.

y je4uov anty,aaaajyhvce Aa E'IAUtLTHla, he HanpaeHrx caBpueHy 3aceAy. $ ? Cu ycaMreHHM x(HBornrbaMa, Kao ! Luro je-noc. Morr4a 6n vorrru aa ycnejy. t\ a-\u ooHr{Ho I,Ix rorbeHa }I(uBoTrzrba j Harryruu u npe4y3vMa Mepe o46paHe. oHa 6 Axo ce pMV o ee,lzrcoj )KHBorHLbH, 8 MO)Ke4a Ce CylpOTCTaBH, ta I{aK 14Aa HX Hana/He ceojuv KonHTaMan ayxo,E eH he ce tsep()BarHonoeyhr rz norpa)KI4T:aAaKrrlH o6pox. Ano xneorursa roqHe Za 6exu, nyrcoerahe je nojyprzTA. a,,'l'z, he o4ycrarrz. axo je o4naax He
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{ Benuxu nnen, Kao uro je noc, ce noBx y qonopy. KaAa ByKoBn6yAy cpefiHepyKe, qonopace BOba xpaHlrnpBn,a ocTann crporo npare xhjepapxrjcKr nopeAaK.

q aHoBu Byxonrcy najnehu rropoAr.rqe : taca (Canidae), xojajeje4Ha oAceAaM u flopoAr{qa poAa r,r3 Mecox4epa. yxBare. Heua clrucrra Aa ce rporuz flocroje ABe Bpcre: u'tuuyyx (Can'is eHepMJy. .4parolIeHy Iupw)u rlpBeHr.r nyx(Canis rufus).Y cr,rBe ByKoBe cila4aJy" apKrr,rqKr.r ByK flpnpo4na ce^exrlzja (C.I.arctos), KcroqriaqKn cranu nyx(C.1. ^ Jpe^e.34paBe ) K H B O T H T b eO O U e H O H e (C.1.carnpestris) Iycaon), crercKrrnyr< u uopajy 4a ce n^aue ByKoBa.9onop o6uquu ayn(C.1.lupw). MEPE cu, {yxuna re,ta:100-150 Bracnua paMeua: 65-80 cu, 'Ibxnsa: l2-80rn, (Myxjaqucy nehno4 xeHxn.) YTPOXEHOCT je Hero.uxo paca caBornyxa r,rcTpeo,6eHo, a cMaTpa ceAacy ocftue yrpoxeHe. !Ip"en, nyxje rrrox4a
HCTpeO.beH y AHB .^LrHLr,

xpaHe. lyrajy ne,uane KoMa4e Meca v zcnpnjy ce KpB^y.llo4peleHrz ce HeKaKO 4OMOrHy CBOr 4e^a, a aKO pilrrTa

o4a6upa BeoMa M aAe HiA crape, xpoMe z 6o,tecne.noruroje FsHX aKrrre yxBarvrr. Ka4a vonop HanMHe Kplo

HpBaca H r'l MOTXyCHOT roBeqeTa, ByKOBH.ce ycrpeMe Ha ?KnBorame r<ojeraocraJy ri raKo o4crparr,yJy c^aoeJe4HHKe. lloruro o6jaee ceoje npzcycrBo, ByKoBr4 noKyruaBaJy Aa ycnaHHqe Kp4o a narepajy ra na 6eq Aa 6u Mor u la uo4eoje ^aKy Mery. Ano ce KpZo ap)KH Ha oKyny, ByKOBLIMy He MOry HLIIIITa, Jep olpac^H IUTHTe M alyHrIe cBoJprM KorrrrraMa H poroBriMa. Bynonu Mory z

ocraHe, oHr.,To sar<onajyra xacHnje u,nn fa ocTaBe, onepy ce y oo,\ux(IteM rroTorly,a oHAa ce Bpare 4ajoruje4Hoerjeay. Axo rzr'rajy M^a4yHue rz r'.rajxer<oje rzx r,rM o4Hoce Meco, Aoje y jae6zHrl,-onlt orz^o y ycTnMa, ou,\o y cToMarIrzMa. Byrc nroxe 4a noje4e a 4o 10xr neca o4je4,uor'.r, r"tofyhu H noc\e/rbe KoMa4uhe ca rocrujy, noje4e rraK a Koxy, u Kp3Ho Marbux )rcriBorurba. Ou lrox4a z AaHuMa npe rora Hzje Hrlulra jeo, nolxTo oTrIpLI IzKe 907o norepa sanprrru Heycnexou.. Bynonz uopajy aa HCKOpHCTe CBOJ ycnex HaJOo"&,eurTo MOry, aKo 'Ke e 4a npelKnBe y cBoM cypoBoM oKpyx{eEy.

310

flucw{e
aode npunuuno Aucur4e xaojeduutee ,urnqn tcuaorn u nrudynt4ucmpadajy,
&tlu 1b1u@6& non)na,quJa Je )

u yrcasyje da cy uenpecmauom nopacmy seoMa 6pmm. rcneu,Mri,cuaornubcne Ibuxoea iyumoeuuuxanpupodannsodu u ucnpohaaajy ux da excnepu,rvrevnxuur) Hnquwscuaorvr^ eehymepfenu,
IICI/Ue Cy Ce Ce,\H,\e H 3aTC)

)fir.rBe y yp6arurnao6,nacrrlua u y Be,\uKnM rrpHpoAHHMcraHr.r[rTVMa. Cna4ajy y lropoanrry naca. lllupcrvr ceera nocroju 20 spc'ra ,.rtcurla KOlecy cBpcraHe y qe'fl,rPnl'pyrre. IJpnena Ir{cHrIa IJpreua ucuua lrpnua4a lpyrrn, n()snara r{ao By nHH rjcur1e. Oua je . r{aJpacrpocrpa}beHHJa I,r HaJrpu^afo/mnuuja oJ CBHX ALI::aL\a. OHa rttnsn rro4je4rrano 4o6po y "tyHAp^, y yp6aHl,IM Cpe4r.rHaMa eBponcKHXrpa4oBa, y rryc'rHrbaMa Uerrrpa HeAvepane n"ln y ( l el raMa. asrzjt rtur'a flosr rala je ro ( BOM np3r'ry uuja 6oja Bapr4pa <l4 cBerl() 6ar<apue 4<l BarpeHOqpBer{e r.roA,6erre 4tl uprre Ha 3a4HreM aely rela, 4or<je Bpx pena yuen 6eo.

o E E o o
6 ! o c c E c I

{ A Llpeexa y nuc[qa )K]rB],r ceeepxoj xemucSepn. flpunaro4rurea je n xnan KaKoy qeHrpanHr,rM AenoBnMa rpaAoBa,TaKo u y npnpoAHl,rM craHuuTl4Ma.
c

)Anirepnvxa nncutla xnBH y Mercnxy n jyrosanaguoj Anaepnqn,

1|l14pOM

E o o C) o o o 6 E o 6 Y o c o o a

npepnjcxrx ApxaBay KanaAn.

flocroju 48 no4epcra KaKo rIpBeHe TaKo H cpe6pHe rzclrqe, no Qasaua yKprxrarba u 6oja. Tpr.r npcre Alac:zrJa ?r(aBey Auepzqa: aMeprrqna, cvBa rt o ocrpBcna cuBa Aa.cv.qa. Arr,repuvxa o Ar4cr4rfa HaceJbaBa3anra4rrrr. .E 4eo Cee epc He Auepune. Ona je 6psa u rpqr.r,KpeJ o hyhz ce y rrux-uaKy. Vva eetvrxe ywr, c noJbrIITpqe u xpaHH ce orr/bKaMa, = KOJe
c d

cKrIM MlllIIeBuMa,

BeBepurlaMa,

HHceK-

E _9 o O o

TlaMa14nruuaMa noje ce ery Ha r y. oHe tr4ua4ecer no4Bpcra 6pre arzo.rqe. nonajy jas6uHe y necKoBrrroMrny rz H npeprrJcKHx rlaca. KOpVCTe CTaHrzrrITa Cuea ,tucurla ?Nr4rl4y IIeHTpaIHoM aety CAf,-a. npexo npepaja cBe 40 IlosHara je rz nao Alv,Cnr\a Beueuye-,ne. ca 4pBena, Jep ce qecTo flerbe Kpo3 311

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rparbe Apneha. Heruro Marba, alu I,IleHTHqHacnnoj ,rucuqn je ocrpacxa clrBa ,,rucarJa,xoja intaBvrHa ocrpBvMa sanagHe o6aae CAA-a.

Arlpnvxa lficrrqa
AQpurcaje cranuurre HeKo^HKoBpcra r,rcuqa.Kaua lucuqa u,ru r,rcnrIacpe6pnux ,rela xranu y nolycyruHr,rM o6aacrurvra jyxne AQpnxe, ua jyry Anro.,re z y 3rzu6a6ney. Moxe ce cpecTvtIdy npOCTpaHUM CaBaHaMa, arru mOj npuja n creHoBlrra rrycrHrba. Erre4a LICUqaje nla"ra, r4Ma Be r,IKe yfiv vl )r<vtBvt y CenepHoj AQpraqa, vra4a je pacnpocrparbeHa v o4 IJpneHor uopa AO ArrraHruxa. Brre4a AVcHrIa Bo^pr ro^ycyrrrHy caBaHy. Y Ceeepnoj A.Dp"vr l.ucv\a QeHex, vuje cra\v )r<vrBvr Hurrre ce npocrr4pe o4 Caxape 4o Cwnajaauua je y MarbeM6pojy yAerajr.r u Apa6uju. Moxe He4e/baMa 4a oncraHe oe3 BOAey CBOM CyrrrHOM nyCTHrbcKoM craHuurry. 36on ,rona, je rar'aa BeoMaMuL o rxtlpoM onor no4pyuja. fleur.rana vrl.vt Pyne"loea Aacuqa )KklBI,I y IyCTI4IITCKIIM O6rraCrrat"ra CeBepHe AQpuxe, a"ru je pacnpocrparbeHa LI y Asuju v >r\vrBvr Ha ApancxoM rro yocrpBy, y Irlpany,.AnraHucraHy u flaxucrany. fboj uajnraure _o4ronapajy creHoBr4Te nycTtrrbcKe oo^acTr,r - npe4e^V xoje 4pyre ^Hcrzqe us6eranajy. E,raHQopacKa Akrcr{qa je, ycrnapa, . rrerupfi By nHH aucuqa xoja JeAHaoA xr,rBr,r caMo y Asuju. Eaan4Qop4cxa J\LlCprrJa i4<vtBn y n.^aHlrHcKrlM npe4e^rrua l4panta, ABraHucraua, flaKucraHa n jyxuor TypxueHracraHa y 6rzsrueM Conjercrcorra Canesy. ILeuo npsno 6oje IIecKa uMa TaMHy Mprby Ha cpe4ul}rvl .refa ra 6paauuy 6paou 6oje.

P OexexxxBu y nycrulbaMa cCBepHe AQpure, ucToqHo o.A Cuxajau Apa6uie. A Cuearxclrqa je noerara rao
CTAHOBHUK

ApBeha, iep raga

He '|OBl,rnpOBOFl,l BpeMe Ha ilpBefiy.

)Kama xxBlr y AQpuqn, jyxxo oA 3rM6a6Bea n Axrone.

ao I 350 Merapa HMMopcKe BVcHHe. Tia6eraHcxa Ancvrla neuqapKa npucyrua je Ha BLIcoKrzM niarorrMa Hena,ra, Th6era ra MoHroa,uje Ha BHcHHaMa oa 4 500 ao 4 800 rvrerdpa.O rcoaavxoj
L4CI/IUVI Ce 3Ha CaMO Aa HaCeJbaBa

jyroucrovne peruoHe 6raeruer Coajercrcor Casesa, 6aeurer conjercxor n KVHecKor Typxnrenucrana, Monro^vriy, Tpanc6ajrca,ujy Ao ceBepHe ManrJypr.rjepr ceBepHor AsraHracraHa.

Je4e Kpaoe n JeJeAHa04 ceAaMnoaBpcra ^Hclrqa xoje xune y Koayr'r6rzjn, BeHerlye-rr.r, ceaepHoj ApreHruuu, llaparnajy. Ynprcoc cBoM Ha3HBy oBe r.ICUrIeJe4y Vr rrrKaMrre, r^o4ape, HHceKTe u eohe. CeAa trucu\a vr3 jyxnor Ae^a rleHrpa^Hor Bpasala )KIdBvr y cTerraMa BrrcoKe TpaBe vr caBaHaMarrpouapaHr,rM ApBeheM.

YtMA neT BpCTa Jyx(HOaMepVqKHX llvtcvua roje "rrave Ha MerrraHrla iucr{qe v fica. Vuajy lr34yxeHe, TaHKe rbyrrrKe vcuBo KpsHo, rrporuapaHo orcep 6ojorr,r. .E Ky.ueo lrrcurla ce Moxe cpecrr.r y iI rr aHHHaMav rraMrraMa Au4a, 04 eKBa- E Topa rra 4o Orrreue 3eMrbe.I4nra ruecr .q o [o4Bpcra, Aprenrraucrca caBa ucaqa Y
)I(LtBIt Ha HITKHM rrAaHUHaMa H paBHHo

-fyxcxoauepruKe lxlrqe
t J I .

rIaMa y npe4eay An4a. Asapcra ,rucuqa ce Molr(e cpecru y rraMrracy y llaparaajy, jyroucrorrHoM Bpasnay r{ Hcrotrlln4{crca ^llcnrla Hoj ApreHru:au Ao perce Herpo, 4ox ,'u -beHra cKa Arcvua, KoJa HMa Kp3HO rrac Ma r{x yrilr4Jy - BpcTa r4cr4rle 6oje necxa r.r HapaHuacre ca rJpHr,rM rroTHrreHe npe4erraAMa3oHa H OpHnoBpxoM r{a peny, xunz y jyxnr.ru Xrauana. Cevupcra ^vclz'ua ?KvrBuy rrpInoaajrziraay Henaay, I4uawju ra Bauraa4e6arrnnrvrrrycrr,rlbcKuMrcpajenuua ceeeruy. Ona Hace,baBa crere, orBopeHe pnor flepya NjyxHor Exea4opa. ruyMe H rrpe4eie TpHoBr,rTor pacTr4rba Aucraqa noja 6r.rpa neo6zvHy xpaHy 312

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o

A JyxnoamepxqKa nnetrqay norpa3n3a AarlbaMa Ha Ooxnaxgcxr{M ocrpBl,rma. tlucxqe jegy xpany KoiauMje 4ocrynxa xa AarolulnoApyqiy.

InncnqE
{ Aprexruxcxa nucrqa ca c14Ba
MnaAyHquMa.

Oxn ce pabaiy y nponefie H crcaiy oA 9-14 He4erba.flncuqe cy nonHo 3pene ca AeBer MeceuH.
E _q o o o

E iI .9 .9 a

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)flracnqa y 30()notuKoM Bpry. oHa nMa npouapaHo cHBo l43AyXeHy Kp3HO, no6alby 14 BenuKeyu14.

.E

rr.rajr<ouu nouaxy joj 4a o4Heryje v.,ra/yHue. Aucaq, crapa HcHua u rbHXoBe xheprz Mor y 4a xnee raje4Ho y rHnv qHrzM fpynaMa 40 rreT o4pac^r{x Avrcvua. M,ra4yHqrl ce palajy clerrH r.r 6ecnouohun y..jas6unarr.ra, y 3eM,r,H, rle ux ruajrca 4ojrz oKo MeceLI 4aHa. lloc'r'eneHo ce M a4yHuH rrt-rjae,t,yjy t43 jas6r.rHe 4a 6tt ce urpa^H Ha yla3y, a 3arHM H /a rrpouerajy ura"lo y Hellocpe4noj 5tusutttr. M,r,a4ynqn rlpBeHe nctllle npecrajy 4a cu<ajy ca aeBer HeAeJba, a ocaMocra/,yjy ce ca 14, atu To Mo?Ke4a 6yae pa3lnrrnro oz lrcnqe ao lHcltue. flosHaro je 4a ,lr.rcrlr1e ca yunMa. lra HK Ha clerot' rr.rarua, 4oje cBoJe MAa4e cKopo qeTripr4 MeceLIa.

cKr,rMorrra/rzMa. Oea HaBHKa npeHela ce r.ry F,eporry.3anamyjyhe je 4a arzcuue cBr.laJy cBoJa fHe34a y o^rz3r.lHH naceo6HIIa cBof 3aK eror H BeqHTOrnen pnjare",rra - .roseKa !

Qapuepz ranole cuarpajy Aa cy ^ucw-. rle Be nKu cynapHrzrlr{ H 4aJeAaHopoJ

Ii,HX ylleK MO)Iie /a DA3HC HAqHHC. ^ Y Hercuv Ce KOIITpO rtonyr IIIII Ha Be,nurce

3eM/baMa,

Arrcr.rqa u qoBex Aucz.qecy yBeK 6u,le uela s6or nprua

qoBeK OABaJRaAa KOJe KOpHC'l'Ho 3a Je o4ehy. HeeepoearHa uorpalrrba 3a rbeHHM Kp3HoM ce Hac'r'aBJba. llpu6"ruxrHo3 400 000 HcLrua ce raie 360r' Kp3Ha.Ar,rqeHqeu ce3oHe:are6penor' r'e HCnqey ra:ruecHoj Mepu v oBa rr'r't4 ceuepnoj Ar,aeprzqn, a^11y ApyrvM 3eN{,baMa cBe'l'a HeMa HHKaKBe KoHTpoAe y TOM rror^e4y. Y A<ppuqH aoe je 4oBeo ao AecerrroBarba rrorrylaqrlje <peneKa, ZoK cy y jyxHoj ANrepnqn Ky^neo H apreHTHHcKa cHBa ncuqa 3auraheHe H Tpr-oBr,rHa rbhxoBr{M Kp3r{oM je npor,naurena npornB3anorruToM. flac ua"tr.rx yurr4.iy H3 rporrcKHx r<pajeoa jyxne Anepr.rne H ceBepuoaMepzqKa npepnjcrca,rucuua ce cMaTpaJy yfpo}|teHHM Bpc'raMa, a^rz rbHXoB 6poj cra,uro pacre. Her{H

floce6no rpularobaBarbe
Aacuqe Mofy Aa H3lplre y r,r3y3erHo HenpucrvnatrHoM oKpyxerny. Aprnvne vcaqe cy ro HKo npaaaroleHe Ha x^a4He yc OBe 4a Mory 4a oncTaFry Ha TeMneparypr4 Lr Ao -70"C. tr4arco je r(p3Ho apKTurrKe HcHrle BeoMa rycTo H TOn O, TO HHJe pelllelne rseHof OnCl'aHna ua Apxlrzny, jep H upBeHa ,tuclIrJa MOIKe Aa [OAHeCe BeOMa HHCKe qpBerra reMneparype. MeI3yraru, licullaJe KpynHVJa ?r(r{BoTvrbar,rMopa 4a Hale Bprxe xpaHe nano 6u o/px{ala ceojy re,lecHy relKHHy. Ha cHea*rzu npoclpaHcrBHMa Apxrr.rxa oncrajy crrTHHJe)r{HBOTUrbe. flonyr cBHx KaHnHa (npuna4aaqn nopo4rzqe naca) v A:'l-Clz,L\e ueuajy 3HoJHe )K e3ae. na Aa 6u pacxia_ce /ule npece4e Ueo 4aH 4ybono y lo4sevHoj jas6uan, yMo'raHe y ceoje Kp3Ho. Ilycrnrrcxe Hohn Mory aa 6yay y,fiaCHO X aZHe II Kp3Ho I,IX yTon/,aBa, Ka4a KpeHy y aoe roxou uohrl.

6puraHr.r.je u Aycrpa,ruje. KoHrpola ALl.cvllaje nocra.ra cnclpr fpyne Ilaca cv ce HeKa4 K()prrcTH e 4a t)H ceJypH e LICHUe, IOK Cy l,Ix OIlUliupBeHe n,leuHfiu uparH H Ha xoH'vNra. OBaKaB Bh4,rcrua je 6uo nony,tapar- y 17.n je,reHa 18. eerca rca4a je c6or NaaruKa oBa, nojrz cy 6u,rn .recl npe/Mer nalKrba ycMepeHa Ha r,rcHue. MHorn nyau ocyl1yjy uporoH ^Hcvua 4t; cMp'r'H. 2005. roanue nap^aMeHT y Be,rHnoj Epr.rl'aHrzja .je ca6paHuo oeaj crropr 3artoHoM, a n ilafoBopHIlL\v rBp4e Aa je y HeKHM o6,laclrzua 6prlj rlpBer{Hx HcHqa 'fo UKo Be IzKr4 4a

Qapnepuuopajy4a wx y6ujajy. V qpBeHannclrqa je npnpogxo cnoco6HaAa ce cHana3un Aa jeAe xpaHy Koiaiojje gocrynxa. Moxe Aa oncraHe y rpaAoBrMa, nperypaiyhr no KaHraMa3a cMefie.

.A.ncuge y yp6aHuM o6yracruua

Y Berrrznoj EprzraHr,rjn rrony,raqr,rja J\ucnrlaJe oA aTo HKoBe HKaAaCyCe HeKeqaK loce"^H^e 14 y rpMoBe. Aucurle npaBe ceojejas6rzHey HanyureHuM noApyMuMa. xpaHehn ce ns xoHrejuepa ca cnreheu.a ceoje M aZe oarajajy y o ynr{HaMa cTaprzx Bo3v^a Ha rpaA314

flncuuecnaaoiy y peaMecoxaepa. / poaynuo 2l apoo. Bynnnu nucu4e cnoaoiy y poa Vulpcs. Hua 12apao. Y nux cnoaoiy: nucutlo Upaeua (YulpaYulpaJ nrctiuo cnoao y poa Jyxxoouepuuxa Duiscyn. epoo, l4uaceaou Y nux cnaaojy: Aprexrxncxo criB o n,/t criuo (Duiscyon ginusl y poaHopex. Apxrnaxo nucu4o cnoeo floaoiu couoieAuoBpcto opKrtqKe nrtchqe (Nopexlogopusl Yworu nncuuo cnoaa y poa Oncyon, lloaoin couojegnoapoo. Yworc nucutto (Oncyonnegololtsl

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A Hexe6ene aprrnqKe ruo,rqe nuajy neru clrrBo-6paon Kp3Ho. yun ryeajy Kparxe aao6ruene TonnoryHanonapHoj xnnnau. )flerno apKrnqKe nncr4qe Mo)Ke ga 6yAey ABe6oje roje ce reHepanHooApebyiy iegnnu reHoM. Aprcrrvxa lrcuqa
Apxra.rKa HcHua )I(HBHv ceBepHrrM ryH4paua u npnolwr,y tuupoM nlaHere. l4rrra ABa rrnai '6e"r.a' apnruuxa 'rr,rasa' ucaua je cr.reo-6paoH 6oje, a apKTur{Ka l.krcvua je roxov errbnx Mecequ 6oje vono,laAe. Ka4aje pev o xpaHH apKTr,rqKa I,Icuqa 3aBncr4 o4 [ony^al]rzJe [o,r,cKHx Mrr[reBa v IeMI,IHra. Kala u*ra zocla rrolbcKux
MI,I[IeBa H eMIZHra, apKTUr{Ke IrCUqe

A Apxrnvxa rlrclrqa Moxe Aa 6yge y ABe 6oje. Oea MHoropeba nnaBa 6oja ocraje roKoM qene ro4nHe. Aucuue, nojejeay npa6e,,nyrajyo6ar.rnpa6aaMay rrorpa3uea pavuhntraa

E -q
o l

/\fiCtrrlE 1I EECHH O
Huje4ua .no raro r(EBornrra ne 4o6rrja 6ecrn6pao xao 'ltucEga n 6peo ra

rrperocr{ ApyrrlM lucrrqaMa. Y o6rac. ruua r4e je uouy,raguja rycra, Jrncnrle yrrry reu o4 6ecnu noreharajy a E rbr.xoBa sap:rrrtesa pnsnr npeuoca 6o.ne. cTrr rra [c, ,4Pyre ]IcmoTrtbe a Jbyile. y Eapom ce 36or one onacnocrrr, troMoBprun aBaErrarr o4a6rp lucrqa hy raca y rolmoj uepr Aa je uer4e neuoryhe Burqerrr Jurcrrqy, flpmeprtalbe ^rcruIa racoM Ee lloMarKe xoHrpo.nx 6ecnu,ra, jep ce re a ynrnyJl[x 6eesrx rf,cuqa v 4aJbe uprjan"myjy. Y Illnqigapcxojr sob.rrocE 6nxennopncru cy crsoPu I uPorPaM oPa se EaxqEn sarorr 30 roArraa saBana ueca xoje ca4prsu Bargwry, 6ecrn:to ce y uoTrrylrocTH ncKoPesuJ[o. naquje

ycnerxHo 4oHoce Ha cBer nenurcra 6poj M aZyHarIa.By4e zx u no 14 y jeaHoj jas6rzHu.TonornlHerroBoJbHzx nepr4o4a oHrI orpaHr.rvaeajy cnoj Hanor w pa\ajy Malr,e MAaAyHarIa.

Ma, loK ce J\ncHue ca yurvMa, nonyr MIt[Ia, xpaHe HHceKTHMa. c^enof E o Arzcurle rcoje xtuee y nycrrrr+,aMa Kao, 6 Y Hnp., 6,te4a Ancvr\a v3 ceBepHe AQprLIJ\HnAaHHHCKa r{ Ky rreO ^tdcll\aV3 o Ke rraMnaca y6ujajy sunje r.r ryrxrepe, a 6 xpaHe ce n 6ecnrlqMerbaqrzMa. HcHqa ca ocrpBa fIprl6uApnl.rvxa ,r,oQ Ha Anacgu epe6a rcpsnare Qor<e Ha o6a,rava n je4e noje ce nopalajy yfr{Hy^e Mia4yHqe. Aucnqe, y[^aBHoM, oBe Hohy. Yura UCHqe Cy H3y3eTHO OCeT,t,HBe 14 rr,HxoBe pearcqzje Ha cHrHaIe y HrzcKoM pac'r'Hrr,y cy BeoMa 6pse. By,tnuu rz upBeHe Hcrrqe, "^oBe MHITIeBeHa clrequtpauau HaquH, cKaqy y Bas4yx H ca cBe qerHpH Hore ooyxBare )KprBy. HcHue ncronanajy caoj nrreu Apyre

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OHI,IIIITA.

Yurara lrlcnqa
Yurara rrcuqa )rrvrr y npeaelnMa oZ jyxHe 3ar,a6uje 4o JyxHe AQpraxe, o4 Eraonuje 4o Thu:aHuje. XpaHrl ce
HHCeKTTTMa U rseHe U3y3eTHO Be HKe

lloruro y6ujy xHeorr,nr'y, rrojety cee txTo Mory,a ocTaTaK 3aKonaJy y oo HlKrby pyny.Axo "r,zcuqa r.rua M^aAyHrIe rcoje rpe6a aa HaxpaFru,npaha ce 4o jas6raueH noBparu ueco rcojejenoje,na.

yrurr rroMalxy joj m npoHale ,r.er,r.o vHceKaTa y no43eMHLrM TyHe/\vMa, nonyT cKaKaBrIa H,\rr rraK TepMHTa. Oue xopucre yl':o.lr.4a 6u laelyco6no KoMyHIzIILrpaae. flourro cy r4M yrrtur 6e,te zsHyrpa, a qpHe rro c[o,r,HoM o6o4y H Ha Bpxy, oHH npe4craenajv ra Oea 4o6ap Harrr4H. curna,r.zaaquje. BpcTa acnue Je MoHoraMHa, TaKo 4a Ancau A Arr.cvqa zrraajy cra,nHy r,.r .Be3y Be Ha 3aJ )r(11 eAHLlrrKOJTepr4Topr.rJ n.

flopo4rrrnr.r ]rcuBor
}{telrxe cy rrolHo 3pele ca aeBer Mecerfr4, a^u apKTLrqKav rIpBeHa AIjCr4\a rrpoBo4e ceojy npey ce3oHynapena ca

Xparra u ^oB
Mnore vrclrueje4y paeHo,lr.{Ky xpaHy. Vecro ce xpaHe Ml,rrrreBr,rMa, rrrrrrJaMa jajnva, ueraquuaMa hAA r-br.rxoBr.tM Kala ce 3a ro yKalr(e lpuluKa. l,rzcre cy 6r,rrHe 3a FbnxoB oncraHaK, arcoje y,ton caa6. Y jecen Arzcuqe je4y cee epcre eoha.

)Yurare nrcuqe y Keunju. l4aro xnBe y 6nu3uHll BenuKltx craAa nanKapa,oBa Bpcra peTKo je4e cucape. 80% tunxoee rcxpaHe qnHe nHceKTlt,
)KhTapnrtH14 TepMrT[ ]l 6alerapn. Jege n Bohe !l uKopnnoHe.

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{ Aprenrnxcxa cABa nncnuiaca
MflaAyHr{nMa.

Oun ce pabaiy y nponefie 14 crcajy oA 9-14 HeAerba.fucnqe cy nonHo 3pene ca AeBer Meceqlr.
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)flractaqa y 30()nouKoM Bpry. oHa lrMa npouapaHo cl,rBo Kp3HO, l43AyxeHy ro6alby 14 yuu. Ben14Ke
cKHM ornazlrNra. Oea FraBHKarrpeHela ce z y F,npony.3auanyjyhe je 4a,ulcuue cBLlaJy cBoJa rHe34a y oAr43r4HIl Haceo6uHa cBor 3aK el'or H Beqvror nenpr.rjare,t a - qouena I

uajnou rz nouaxy joj 4a o4neryje rr,r,talyHue. Aucarl, crapa iucrrqa u lbr,rxoBe rchepr,r Mory aa xrzee raje4Hoy rrznHqHnM rpynaMa lo freT o4pac^Lrx Arrcr4\a. M,a,a4yHrlv palajy c^enu z 6ecno9e MOnHri yJa3olrHaMa,y 3eu,bv, r4e Hx uajrca 4ojr,r oKo Meceq 4aua. llocrece M^aAyHuv rrojau,rvjy Ar le']o Aa ov ce urpa,\lr Ha y^a3y, a Ja30rzHe 3arhM H 4a rrpourerajy Ma o y Henocpe4Hoj 6,nnsHHn. Maa4yuqrl upBeHe Hcr4rIenpecrajy 4a cucajy ca leBer HeAeJba, a ocaMocrarbyjy ce ca 14, a,ru To MolKega 6yae pa3luqvro oZ r,rcnr-{e flosrraro je aa ,rucuqe ca 4cl AHCr.lLle. yrxHMa.nalHK Ha cletror mrlu_ra. 4oje cBoJeM^ale cKopo qeTHpLr MeceLIa.

.Ancuqa rl rroBeK Azcrl.qecy yBeK 6a,revera s6or xpena

qOBeK OABaJKaAa KOJe Kopr.lcTrIo 3a Je o4ehy. Henepoearua rrorpaxrba 3a rbeHrzM np3HoM ce rracraBra. flpu6;rnxtno 3 400 000 Arlcr4\a ce raje s6or Kp3ua. Arzrlenqe H ce3or-re 3arBopeHor' oBa rrrure rzo4Lle y rz:uecuoj MepHy ceuepuoj Auepuqa, a^r4 y Apyr:aM 3eM/,aMa CBeTa HeMaHI,IKaKBC KOHTpOe y TOMnor^e4y. Y A<ppnrla ,toe je 4oBeo 40 4ecerKofloce6no rpu"ltarobaBarbe Barba nonylaqrzje QeHeKa, ZoK cy y Aucrzqe \4ory aa tz34pr(e y r,t3y3erHo jyxHoj Alaepuqu Kylneo v apreHri'rH- I]PBCHUX HCI4IIA TO HKO BCAIII{'II AA HenpLlcrynarrHoM onpylnen'y.Apravne cxa clrBa A:,z'Clar\a saurrzheHe u rproBHrpapuepzvopajy aa ux y6ujajy. r{cHrIe cy ro,tnKo npuaaroleue na Ha FbHXoB'.r\4 KpJHOM je npor,laureHa x^a4He yc^oBe 4a Mory 4a oIcTaHy Ha nporuB3anoHrzroM. llac lra,rnx yxrvriy V [paena flncrqa je npnpo4xo reMrreparypLr 14 Ao -70'C. tr4axo je rr3 rponcKlrx npajeea jyxue Anepnne cnoco6Ha Aa ce cHanasu n Aa jeAe r{p3Ho apKTHqKe AVCHTIe BeOMa ryCTO r.r H ceBepHoave.phqK na p e p a j c x a , t z c n - xpaHy Kojaiojje gocrynxa. Mo)Ke Tonlo, ro nlrje peruerle rbeHor orrcraH- IIa ce cN{arpaJyyfpo}r(eHr,rM y rpaAoBhMa, BpcTaMa, Aa oncTaHe na Ha Apnrrlxy, jep v rIpBeHa VcHrIa a,l,prrbHxoB 6poj cra,,rno pacre. Henn nperypaiyfir no KaHraMa 3a cMefie. MOI{e Aa nO4HeCe BeOMa HrrCKe reMreparype. Melyrrzna, rlpBeHa rzcvrlaJeKpynHrrJa ?firiBoTt4rba H Mopa 4a nale Burrre xpaHe naxo_6u o4plr{a,na fTucuqe y peatlecoxAepo. ceojy re.tecHy relr{uHy. Ha cnexrHrzu cnoaojy npocrpaHcrtst4\4a Ypoayuua 2l apcro. Apnrrarca oncrajy Bynnux nucu4e cnaaaiy y poa Yulpet CI4THHIC )KHBOTI4TbC. huo 12 apao. I fonyr cBhx KaH[rHa (npnna4nngu Y *ux cnoaoiy: rtopo4rzqe naca) A Alz'ct4r.1e Hevajy nncuqo sHojHe ?K e34e, ila Aa 6z_ce pacx,taUpaeno (VulpetYvlper/ Av^e npece4e Ueo /aH 4yooKo y no4Jyxnoouepwxo ntichtlocnoao y poB :euHoj jas6wuu, yMoraHe y ceoje Duitqon. Kp3Ho. flycrnrrcxe Hohz lrory 4a 6yay huo ce4ouapcra. yxacHo x^alHe u KpsHo tlx.yTofr,6aBa, Y rux cnoaajy: Ka4a KpeHy y ,noe rorcora Hohu. Apre mnncxa c,,tBo nr,tct'ulo .9 (Duiscyon gircusJ .A.ncnqe y yp6aHuM o6-ir,acruua E '6 Apnnaxonucuuo cna*oy poANopex. Y Be,rrzrcoj'Fipuraauju nony,tarlr.rja a llocroiu cauojeaxaBpcrc opKrhqKe nttc,,tqe ! rzcurlaJe or.r^a To rzKo Be riKaAacy ce (HopexhgopusJ : HeKerraK4oceAV e rz y rpaloBe. AvcuYworo nncu4o cnaao y poa Ooqon. c ue npaBe ceojejas6uue y HanyureHaM o lTooojn cauoiesnoapcru. n o 4 p y M a M ax .paueha ce ua noHrejHeE o E Yuorcnucuua pa ca cveherv. a ceoje M aAe oarajajy y .s o (Orocya negdlolitl o^ynvHaMa cTapux Bo3u^a Ha rpa4o E

<papueprl raxof e cuarpajy Aa cy :acla-. H 4aJe4aH opoJ rle Be HKr.r cynapHLlrjrz Erix yBeK MolKe4a ce KoHTpo^r{rueHa pa3HeHaqr,rHe. IIoIryr Be,ruxe Y uenzl,r 3eMrbaMa, Epr.rraunje u Aycrpa,rnje. r(oHrpola ncrrqa je nocra,na cnopr. fpyne naca cy ce HeKaAKopHcTri^e4a oH ceJyprz^e upBeHe ^ucLlqe, 4on cy rrx oBrJI,rn,nel,ruhu rrDaru,nu Ha Korbr{Ma.OeaKaB BuA,roua je 6uo nony,lapan y 17.vr 18. eexa r<a4aje 16or uramnaje,leua r<ojrz cy 6a.ru .recr npe4Mer oBa, nalKrbaycMepeHa Ha AucHr]e. MHorr.r nyau ocy\yjy nporoH ALrcv\a Jo cMpru. 2005. rontse raplaMeHr y Be,vrnoj Bparanuja je :a6par'ruo onaj cnopr 3aKoHoM, a^r4 3aroBopH!1rJrz rBp4e Aa ie y HeKHMo6,lacrnva 6poj

314

BefluKe MaqKe

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Bepoaamnona,jycneuuujuod ceux tlos&rlJ& qapcmS), aeluKe MaqKe y StcuqonxufttcKoM cy 6pse, neycmpau,uae y6ur4exoje npame runen u xopucmehucaojyneeudmueocm op3ulr).

. r \ ' . r c h H .( l a n r r v l t c r nor,r " l e ( ) r r a l ) /x l ) a l r u i I e l : l l ) / 4 : r . ( l r ( ' l r ( ' . \ l l i ( ' \ | l l, u ( ( u r r a . j r riaHLrc.'lir uu:rqn Aa \{olv pe'r'pari'r'r.rlrrc ,/t:l Ilx r.r3llvlty ri-^H \/ri\/rtv. Clue ne,rr'rrie N.rarniecv npeA:r'l'opH rvccojc4u n r'roltajv r,lil .Aoue N{eco rJlr.r 4a je4y clpBurre 4:r 6n npci+ir.rrJe,^u. ocrl(l14 rrrccT. BPCl'a BeAHRHx Bcf-rnnir Marraxa ce oc-\alba lra Irellill\{arraKa:Aau, Ja|yaP, Acol laP./r, 11 r'bflrocl rta4a \Bara rr"rcn. Oue ce t i l r c l t r H l r B p \ ( ) B H \ r l r r l r tr r j r ( a \ B u t e cHci+iHHAconapdJ ricija npnnar.rrerapA, HHM KaHUaMa TaKO 4a CraNrO MeKaIIH 4ajy je4no1 r'pvnH(rraHrepa), r<ija.je nor:e6rra Bpcra. Mpnn "reonap71 ,4eo H)HXOBO| CTOfiZtA?4o4Hpqe T,\O. ce qecTo cN'raTPa 3a Be ilRY MaqKV, naKo Tirrruqrra Nraqna ce npH6,rr.raiaBacBoM o r r r r r { e 6 , r n c n on ( ) B e : r a H uH tlt jc4Horl oc'r'aloM. CBe se,'tlrrie N,rAqKeilage v . \ t l r p r . i u r .n i . r H A : r n j H .o o r v j a r r e p a n o j r . r HacerbaBa IJeur pa,tHy n Jva*rv Avrepany n.jvro-sana4 CAI-a. Ma.rlic nocroje Ha 3eu,r,ra nperio. 25 MH;\HOI{O l'O/r{Ha, a JeAHa ()4 .HaJpaHr,rJax n Mo'Ii4a HaJno3HaTrlux Je CaOlbO3yDH THraP, RolH.le LIN.{aO OalrbaHe J,vl'aqxe 20 civr.Oezr orpor'rna 6uha cv E _q o BePOBaTHO AOBIIAa Be HKe OI,rr'bOJe.{e O o TaKO [rro 6z r.rx pactropH,ra. flocrojn HeKo,^HKo pa3luna asvef,v o o oBux Be,\rrRHX MaqaKa. Ha npnuep, o IaBOBI4, TxrpOBLt x ,\eOnapJU pllLl)', .s a.tu jarvapu, crrei+iHH eonap4lr H renap4l{ He. Befrnua Be,\HKI,Ix MaaIaKa _q O erHv Rala ce xpaHe, 4oK ce cHei+iHu .!
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A [lonocxn nae qecTo no3HaT Kao "Kparb seepu" je BpxoBH14 npeAarop

V npenenra raqKacrlrjaryap
xnBu y rycTl4M uryuanaa, On noBl4 caM r jege pa3HoBpcH14 nneH, oA jenena Ao >ra6a. Jaryap )KecroKo 6panvr ceojy repnropvriy oA ocTanlrx jaryapa.

a$purxe paBHlrqe. Apyra

no Beflhr{}tH14 BenltKa MaqKa, oH plrqe rnacxrje oA cBlrx caojnx

poSara.

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BE,IHKE MATIKE
n^eHy BeoMaTzxo npe Hero rrrToce 4a y rpK, ye noruoh lrohnux ruzunzhasa4rbr,rx Hory u ,r,efa. Je4HoM Kaaa HeKa MaqKayxBaTrr H ooopH n eH, yonJe ra raKo rxro My 3aBpHe urnjy ceojnv jaxuu BnlrrrraMa. I4tu uoxe u 4a yryurli, )KprBy raKo rrlro joj ycra a uoc npercpuje cnojurra ycrvv'a. Behuua
BE HKIIX MAI{AKA AOBU CAMA, A LI ABO-

o4PACTATf,E
Ttzput4e Fabajy usnefiy jednoe u u.tecmu,nadynar4a, anu o1urtrto npexueu camo jeduo unu daa. Tuepur4a odzaja mnadylrl4e caMa u omu ocmajy c t+'omdox He Han)He omnpunuxe dee zoduue.Ttzpoau y

PObErbE
Mnadyrutu ce pajajy cnenuudecnomohnuuy nomn)Hocmu 3aauce od *tajr<e

BH oBe y fpynaMa - ra crpareruja je BeoMa ycnerrrHa.fe4au uttu ABa Aara y fpynr4 yclaHr4r{e r43aopaHy}KpTBy .u HaTepaJyJe Ka ocTa HM aBoBHMa KOJr,r ,\e}Ke y 3ace4w.

duemuu,u nozy da xuee utmefiy 15 u 20 zoduua.

IIPEMEIIITAISE Iloner<ad muepw4a

y npemecmu nr,nadluure noey jas6uwy. Ona ux Heucvo npenece,jedno no jeduo,',naKo lumo ux luqena 3a abam.

IIAPEIf,E Til.epoeu cenapey

6uno xoje do6a zoduwe,a nap ocmaje sajedno mpu unu uemupu daua.

J^IEI6E TPIIKOBA
Majxa yuu ceoje twnadyx,u,e xaxo da ce cmapajy caMu o cebu. Kada cy cmapu u,ecm Meceu,uoH.atrr4eodu y npau noa,

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A Ynagrunao npyracro KpsHo Ben9rqaHcTBeHor Tlrrpa My npyxa roroBo caBpueHy xauy$nax<y y rycroM HncKoM pacT,rlby y KoMe xvrBr,r. Tnrap noBlr y cyMpaK unn xohy, xaAa je jour Malre yoqrblrB. Aar je je4una Be krKa Mar{Kanoja je hcrr4HcKa apyxemy5uya z xoja )KlaBla y fpynaMa KoJe ce Ha3vBaJyqonopu. CeaKraqorop ce cacroju o4 6l.uzy 12 )rceHxlr xoje cy y cpo4crBy rz noHeKaA qaK H IIeT H rr urecT rrayxjana. Ipyne npeABoALr najnehz unalauu uyxjan u on je Pr orau eehzue MlazyHarla. Myxjaqz IaBoBr4 cy MHoro eehu o4 lKeHKrr u urrajy rycry, KocMary rprzBy Ha r aBV rr paMeHrrMa.To uuuu 4a ulrtte4ajy MHoro sehu u vMno3aHTnrajra.Ona ranofe rurnTr{ v Er4xoBo rplo yKo^HKo ce ynycre y 6op6y aorc o 6pane repuropujy cBor qonopa. it Xenne oBe 3a rleo qonop. One cy E aKrrre o4 uyntjarca ro.y 6pxe ai U o " rpve. AaeoBn ce xpaHe pa3HollrKlrM .g n,teHoM, o4 se6pz u 6usoHa Io Muxro eaa u zuuja. o Cee xeHxe y qoropy Mory Aa pabajy Y
J

H ABa AO TpH MIa4yHUa rzCTOBpeMeHO cBe l'e^e 3a4araK rbrrxoBor no4ri3arba. M,ra4yr-rqn noqvrby Aa ieAy Meco Ka4a cy crapv oKo rprr Mecerja, a r,r HacraBtbaJy Aa rrHJy MAeKo Je4He xeHKe JoIu Tprr Meceqa.

Hajreha Marrra uaqrca. llocD.rup je uajnehaBe raKa

no4BpcTa rvrpa, oA TOJrzHeKOALIKO rcojax cy cBe yrpolreHe. Je4ua, Cu6upcrcurrzrap je Hajeeha Maura Ha cBery I4 MolKe4a re)KH r4go 300 Kr, oHa xHerz y Hajceeepuujen 4e"ny Pycuje, rae je

r}rrapje { senr,r
peAaK an],| ce en[a y HeKtaM AenoBl,|Ma Anlnie. Ox nua qpHe npyre x nnaBe oqn. Ifocroje n an6vtno TnrpOBl,lxt,|BOTlrllbe

pofiene 6es - xojr.r nl,|rMeHTa r,ruajyqncro 6eno xpsxo n po3e oqn.

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MaqKaMa 3a xpaHy. Ox ce o4ntaqHo nebe ]r goenavu ceoj nneH Ha rpaHe gpaefia r4e je cxrypHo BaH AoMeTa npeAaTopa. BeoMa x^a4Ho, TaKo Aa Tnrap HMa 4e6e,ra c,nclj rr,racHoheAa 6u ce Lr3oloBao oa our'rpe sr,rlre. XpaHe qecro HMa BeoMa Ma o y oBoM oKpyrfierby, rla oBaJ ycaMJbeHr4npezarop Moi+ie aa npele Be rrKe pa3Aatbvue v noTpa3lr 3a n,\euorra.7,{e6e,r() Kp3Ho Cn6rlpcxor rl,rrpa - (te(T() je t'ee.je qpseur<ac-ro-)riyro 'uvtju o4 ocra,lHx Tnrpolla. I4ua u rIptz^Hr]HOMHO|OOe HX 4e OBa y CBOM aKrue Ja ce yKioKp3Hy 4a 6u uorao rrrz y cHelKHy r.o:,a4re'y cnor cn6npcKor loMa. -rr,rrapje An4njct<u n,lu 6eHra,ncnz Hajo6ravurzjn rz HajnosHarnju o4 csux r^rpoBa. Myxjaqra BeoMa urrare ceoj repuropuj r.r o6h.{Ho xtuBe caMLI, aor )KeHKepaAo )KHBer ca n,ryxjartvMav ca )KeHKaMa. Kao n eehLIHa ocra:rnx BelltKnx MaqaKa, Tarap o6errexasa cnojy reparopujy rarco Ixro lbeHe rpaHHue norrpcxa ceojurnl yprerrou. OH

loEArf,A

JIEOTTAP4A
xopucme da 6u cc ta1otu 1 :rpmay Ao6nn'a cH(DnHo? neoiapda je muozo M01rr0u oH He MoJtce da omeopu lrmn meKo JaKo K(lo |ltrno m,o Moice neone.po. je jout uau,a, Atfiarca upntz Lrr'onal.tla
AJLU O11 U)\44 8eIU1<( Otl.HrAKe.

Ao6an'a rconapda (encdauocnpeda) noxrLsyjc da ny outt ztedrLj\luanped, utmo .je ueonxodmo da 6u woeao utmocpcttt:uo Da re qylx'l1 t:a,o6a oxa. /lyza.uxu npcdu'u t16u uLru oqlbarlu cc

AEONAP4OBA J\OEAH'A
(r-leaaso ca crpaHe)

34pan o4pac,lHjaryap HeMaqera 4a ce rrlaruu y ALrBJbvHr4.Mox4a je4uwo crBoperbe rcoje laoxe 4a caBAaAa Jaryapa Je urIHoBcKa aHaKoHr4a.Atu myAw cy Herxro apyro. -4"y,4u uz rpalxyMa Jyxne Anteplrne cy HeKa4a noBpeMeHo youJa^I4 jaryape, alu rro npaBu^y, sehaHa nyau je HMaia najeeha nolxroBau'e npeMa jaryapuwa v Hucy nx npeBHruC OBI4 H.

BPCTA KOJA LI3yMHPE

OBATf,A CHE'KHOI AEOTIAPI,A (meaaso ca

crpaue)

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Aeonapd u jazyap unajt 4pne xpyxue uape na caemnujojnosnduuu, anu jazyapoeu Kp)zo6u uecmo utvajy naure maamul.teynympa. Kptno tqpnoz navmepa maxofe uma qpue neze.

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rarcole. yno3opaBa il ocraie rvrpoBe Ha cBoJenpucycTBo TaKo rrrTo3arpeoe le6e,ra apneha ceojrauorxrpr4MKaHua-

) Oeal renapA uagrne4a ceojy repnroprjy y Ma. Fer'rc6ox Tizrap je neoua jax u nroxe 4a oBpr HaqnoHarHoM napKy y Jpxxoj AQpnqr. x(r,rBorrrrbe MHoro eehe o.4 ce6e, nao urro je perraMo 6prsoH.Je4nou xa4a Befinna oApacnlrx
yxBarlr n y6uje ceoj n,reH, rzrap o4B^atru Tpyn^o 40 cKprrBeHorMecTa, V Kaaa je renapg yrpo)r(eH nnl.l My ce npn6nn>xlr HeKlr Heno3Har r'ry>xjax, oH cnycTl,t rnaBy n nperefin pe)Kyr.Axo yrsee og6uie Aa o4e, renapA he ra sanacrn n 6opnfie ce, qecTo 1,r Ao cMpT. renapAa )KYlBl,l CaMa n ryea caojy repnropnjy ca
BllCOKlrlX TaqaKa,

KaO

urro cy epxoar 6p4a

l,|nl,| CTeHOBl,lTe y3Bl/|Cl/|He,OAaKne MOry Aa BlAe cBe

oxo ce6e.

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I(AKO IEnAP4 TPrIn

fenapd uu,a dyzauxe, eumxeydoeexoju
c) na?a1{onoafia1{u ca bezosuM menoM u maKo iny otv,oeyhaeajy da npaeu aenuKe cKoKoae. Tb je nazat+a MaLLKa xoja utvta ca+unlhus) Kuwvty u aeoMa, noKpemMeK)Koqe u paMeHa. Kada je ) n)HoM nemy (A), cee

qemupu noeezenapdacy usuad mna - on ucnpyrcu ben da 6u uu,ao 6ome

paenometre. 3amww, jedua od tadn'ux mozy domaxne mno (E). fenapd

vecro 6.lusy Bo4e, r4e ra noje4e,- Ano je n,reH 4oBo,bHo Be LrK,rurap he ce rbr{Me xpaHr'tru HeKo,lnrconohn. On uorprzje ocrarKe )Kr4 Borr.r rbe,rzurheru z qyBa ra 4oK He 6y4e cnpeuaH Aa ce rroHoBo xpaHu. Aoe j-e rzcqpn,,ryjyha nocao, na THrpoBH ooHrrHo npoBo4e 80o/o 4aua o4uapajyhrz ce v rrrre4ehlr eneprzjy. OHU aose uohy, xpujyhz ce y nzcorcoj rpaBr4 u nywalyhH ce Ka

n^eHy IIo4 oKpr4rbeunohu. Y cyroH H H y 3opy, TurpoBlr ce rr'rMape, r.r)Ky Kp3HO KaOruro TO pAAe4oMahe MaqKe. 3a pas,tuny oA MaqaKa my6uvaga, H qeCTO nttwPajy y THrpoBr4BOAeBO,Ay 14peKaMa. 6apartra

Kopucmudpyzysadrcynoeyda 6u jou, jeduon noz$ao menoynanped (I]), a samun ce 6aqu y aasdyx y nynoj ceojojdycrunu (p. Konauno, zenapd dodupnemnojednou, npedttou,nozom (E), na dpyzotw, npe nezou,mo dofiey no14,em17) nosut4ujy(A).

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Llaxo rutm rnaKonol'turfnc- tbutcoeu eehupofidry, - netruKe Mat4we, Mail,e
MAqKe lCU6e Hn C6UM KoHrnvHewn',r,ltJffi

u ucrnocy nurno ocu,nAycmpanuje e$uxacnexada cepadu o ilos!.

ale MarrKerzuajy racror saje4HLIIIKOT NPCTKA KAO LI BC I,IKC,

rcojz je nocrojao npe 50 MuAr4oHa roAllr^a. Ka4a je Hacrala nopo4rrrla Mar{aKa, 32 npcre Ma HX MaqaKa, ca 6pojnraru no4BpcraMa, cy noJe4vHar{Ho eBo^yr4pa e Lr HaceAHAe pa3^vqHTa eKo^oruKa cTaHrdrrrTay ceery. Maune cy yATLrMarvtBHvt oBrIrz, KOJr4 HeMrz OCp4HOrrpare n eH, rrpunpeMaJy My 3aceAyH,\H ra AoBe.

lIsme4
Ma-re Ma.rxe cy pa3lurrurux BelurrrrHa, oa rlpHoHore MarrKexoja je Ayra ca rtaBoM caMo 35 cu 4o [yMe H r4 rr aHHHcKor aBa, uuja 4yxuua rela ca r aBoM rroHeKa4AocTr,r?Ke cKopo ABa MeTpa. Cee N4a,\e Mar{Ke cy npeKpuBeHe MeKaHuMKp3HoMca rarr.trujrrlnpyraMa, neraMa HAH TaarKHrIaMa Ha xyhxacroj HAra cuBKacro--6paon ocHoBL.r, ca yneI{aTJbI4BIll.l, OOnrrHO npyfacTHM, O3Ha-

MaqKa u3 A AueruaupHoHora Jyxxe AQpuxe.l4axoje Marba u oA Aouafie MaqKe, oxa je

)KeCTOKl,l'npeAaTOp. KaMa Ha ,tuqy. Hdrce, noce6no rryMa v jary apyu an, ry j e4Ho6oj Hrz. Koje ro4 4a cy Belzqzue,6oje vuz 6eIera, cBe BpcTe cy o4Max rrpe[o3HaTJbvBe Kao Marrxe. I4wajy pe arvBHo Ayraearspen a KparKe Hore, xo4ajy ua rrpcruMa, a He Ha cronalllMa u uuajy orxrpe KaHrJe,rcoje, usysee rco4je4ne epcre (n"oocHorlaBe uavxe) Mory 4a ce yByny.Cee npcre uuajy xparxo vrle ca BeJ\HKT.IM OiIkrMa, ynepeHnM yHailpeA v
BeoMa pa3Br4JeHVM yrlJvMa BV4 H

3aje4rrnvrce Upre

Ma,te rraa.rxe, Kao v Apyre xuBorl4rbe vt3 poAa MarraKa,Mory I4 4a uyjy seyxe BHrrrHxQpexeeHqnja Hero urro je nyacKo yxo cfrocooHo 4ayxBarv. Behusa Bpcra Ma^ux MaqaKa cy Hohne xr.tBorrrrbe. Herco"tHIrzna oBI4 y cyMpaKA^vy 3opy yMecro y uajupavuuje 4o6a; a je4ua Bpcra - MaqKa u3 uyHr^e - je axrrlnHa Aatuy.Behzna cy 4o6pu lerbaru4, ala caMo HeKoALtKo Ha apeehy. Behusa o6eaexana )Kr4Bpr cnojy reprzropr.rjy nor'.tohy <penaruja ralr4 TaKo urro sarpe6e 4e6.xaApneha. Vlcrusct<u Mecolr{depa, Ma"le Marrxe
,\OBe CBe CrZCape, y 3aBUCHOCTT4 OA CTa-

A f'fyue n EnBrt,a ruaura(ca yunua) ca nreHoM. ul,rnraTlrM Bepoaarnora je y6una nyua,jep MaqKe o6nqnonoBecaMo AnBrbe 3er{eBe, xyxrfie n rno4ape.One nacenaeajyceeepxy Artaeprary.

cnyx cy rau najourpwjauytla. fluevuu uu4 w*r je cKopo rzcro rolrzje xo 4o6ap Kao H Ko4 myAu, uarco nr.a cnoco6nocr pa3a3HaBarba 6oja uarr,e pasnujena. Arrr.r nohy MarrKa Molr(e 4a BI44r.r MHoro 6o.oe rrero rroBeK, 3axBanyjyhu peQ.r,ercryjyheu c.tojy rcoju y4BocrpyrryJe ruaHce 4a peuerrropu y Mpe)ItIIarrv ancopoyJy cBer ocT.

Ht4rrrra. Iao4apz, penrr4lr-r n rrrvr\e cy He )r(p'TBe, aJ\rzMHore yBeK rroTeHrILrJa Bpcre Harragajy ra eehe ?KutBorllrbe, y*nyuyjyhu je"nene, ,tocoBe, rra rraK v M^age Me4Beae.Mnore Ma:Ke y ceojy AHeBHy rzcxpaHy yrwysyJy 14 pa3He HHceKTe. Prl6a je rarole na rvrenrajy. BehrzHa Ma vx MarraKacv ycaM-TbeHLIqn rcojrzce yapyx<yjy caMo palu naperr,a. XeHrce ce repajy HeKo r.rno rryra ro4r4rrne rr y ro BpeMe npehy y rorpary.3a naprHepov. Hercrl napoBz ocrajy 3aJe4HOKpaTKO HaKOH naperba, a-\u 319

MAnEMAITKE
)r{eHxapaf a caua z o6ra.+ro caMarro4krxe vaquhe. rIepNo4 recraqrlje Bapvpa ol Bpcre Zo Bpcre, oa 56 ao 96 4ana, a y ^er y vMa oA JeAHor40 rxecT r,r.^Mlnar1a.Hajveurhe zuauo ABaoA qerr.rpr4 Marrera, a pabajy ce c^enu u 6ecnolrohHz. Majxa ux 4oju npBrrx HeKo lrKo
IJe4eJ6a i(LtBoTa, KaAa uM ce oTBope

o-uLr.v norrHy 4a ce npehy. OHa zu AoHocri rrBpcTy xpaHy, 4oK ce He p-43zujy 4ouomuo 4a je npare y aoey. Ko*4 eehr4He Bpcra, v aJyHuH ocrajy ca rraajr<orra caMo loK 3aBHCe oZ rbe - perKo AylKe oA HeKoAuKo Meceqv.

uo,{xe npr,rnonojy Mone nopor,lqr,i Felidoe. llocroir npero40 apcro. Tycnonoiy: Ptc (HislfixJ Bent,llxo:66-109 cu Ihsnq uqqxqFdit nfvsl Benh,.rhxo: 6l-107 cu flyro (Fclisoonoolof Bennqruo: 104-195 cu Moprei lFelbwiedil Benxqxxo: 46-68 cu (Fclts Ttrup Mo,rxo lignnutl Benl.rhHo: 4l-56cu llnorrxcxo uatxo (Fclis iocobitol Benh,{hxo: 68-74 cu fof pojero rlrawoIFclisgcrtroyiJ Beru,arxo: 46-68 cu yogowroundil Joryopm* (Fclis Benx,+ixo: 53-66 cm OqorqrFdicpodalbl Benr,{rHo: 63-96 cu (Fclkguignql Koaxoa Benrqrxo:41-51 cm (FclitaloohJ lloxnqc Mqqxo Benrqxxo: 5l-68cu Erponcxo $,n DottoqKqlFrilittilvctldtJ Eenrqrxo: 5l-68cm Afpl,rro rrllro MorrKo tfelk W@l Benrqrxo: 51.79 cu [pxoxoro xowo (FelhnigripaJ Beuqrno: 35-41cu Capwn(fclirlr,nol Benhqrno: 68-99 cm ffycuncu pttc(Fclkooroeoll Benr,arxo: 56-74 cu (Felb flcuuonq ttouxo uorgofitol Benh.rxno: 4l-56cu (Fclk ourdoJ AQpxuro ilqftcr MaqKq Benrqrxo: 68-94 cu ffonq$,txqnowo [FelklanulJ Benr,{hHo: 5l-63cu Ilerorq iloqxo (FelbrdiginorwJ Benrqxuo: 35-48 cm (Fdis&ou{ Mo,fxo tr wyumc Benr,{hxq: 61-76 cx lo{cro rncrxo nouxo[Fdislrlwin&il BenL,l,rxo: 74-104 cn Ktngcro[ycrr,fhcKq ttouxolFefabirlttJ Benrqrno: 68.84cm (Hb bengolrrrllillJ Ileonopnttolt<a Beuqrxo:35{lcu Movxopr6op (Fetkviveninol BenrqxHo: 56-81cu Mepnepxoxowo [Falhuoruordol Benx,llgor4l-61 cu 320

Hajezure Bpcra Ma.tvx MarraKa, yKynHo 11. Przc )r\HBr4y Kauaguwy CA/-y.Or,a BpcTa r4Ma oKep Kp3Ho, npouapaHo rlpHKacruM 4 aKaMa. Ynevar,rzee cy ItrlxoBe 4yrarrKe, upHe 4iaKe Ha Bpxoeuva yuujy. Oue cayrxe Kao aHTeHe 14 noMalKy Aa LrM crryx 6yae eKcTpeMHo npequ3aH. Pprc Hacramyje ruyrr,re rz o6z.rHo rzMa Be uKe rrrane ca Kp3HoM zsuely KyrAHua Ha crona HMa. fuYme MaqKe cy Haj.reurhe y CA!,-y u je BeoMa vqe Ha puca. Boja ocHoee zrr.r pa3Ho^aKa, a,\H ooHrrHo HMaJy rlpHe npyre rr H nere. fun,re MaqKe HaceJbaBaJy pa3^Ll rrr4Ta.cTaHVrrTa, oA utyMa Ao cyBHX rxHrrpar+ga. llyua, HaKo Hcrpe6,reHa Hs eehr.rHe HeK4attlrt,nx craHurrra. je jou yeex Hajueruha MarrKa y o6e Arr,repzKe - ycrBapH, oHa je Hajveruha epcra trely cucapL4MaHosor Ceera. tr4va je oZ ce-

Arvrepnrie Ceeepna u Jyxna Avepuma u uajy

A flycrnrucK,r pr4cnoBu nneH y a$pr,rqKr4M 3ernqe cy caBaHaMa. My Kao BepT[KaIH!roTBOpl,r, KaAa ce npourl,rpenocraiy oKpyrne.
Bepo3analHe KaHaae 4o ApreHrnHe u TO yTAaBHOMy fr aHr.{HCKr,rM rrpe4e^r.rMa, HapoqvTo aKo cy florxyM^er{H. KpsHo joj je jeaHo6ojHo, o4 MpKe LI H caeo6paoH ao r1pHe. M,ra4e nyure LrMaJyflefaBo Kp3HO, a^rj vM nere Hecrajy wa4a o4pacry. Jaryapyn4u ce pel'Ko erzla y CAA-y. Oea MarrKa yr aBHoM )r\r4Br4 oA Menczrca 4o Jy;xHe Avepane, r4e Bolr,r rpMoBVTa cTaHr{rxTa z,tr.r ruanpaxje, qecro y 6,rusvtuvt eo4e. Orle"ror il<vBv oA ApnsoHe 40 ceBepHe Apreurrane. Oea Bpcra cnaaa y najnosHarzje Ma e MarrKe, s6or ceor frpe"^'enof Kp3Ha - qpHe npyre v rrere Ha xyhrucroj nosa4urtu. Oqe,r.oru cy neo6z.rHe cy no roMe rrrro ce qecro

A Kpsxo or{enoraie npenenoll neraBo H ie qecra

MeTa noBaqa Ha Kp3HO.

) flyua Hana4a qpHor MeABeAa. flyua je HaiBefia ceBepHoaMep14r{Ka MaqKa u noBn cKopo cBe clrcape Koil,l )KlrBe Ha ]beHoi

repnroplrir,r. E Y6uia,raKo urro -9 o () yrpr3e xprBy 3a o Bpar. o

c
f

) Maqe cepBana ue Yrange. Cepeann ce pafiajy y HanyureHrM

AOMOBUMa AUBIb',,X CBUlt'a nnn

6o4ntaxaeor npacera. V Maqxa ce yBeK AoqeKaHa Hore. Kaga naga, npegrbr4Aeo rena ce yephe,3aruM 3a4rbtan xa4a gofie Ao rna, xore ioj ce xa$y Aone.
li l.;.

,'"

#*k
*t'*b'

Brrbqjy y rrapouuMa. N{aplej uva 6paorr rrere Ha crreKac'r'o xyroj ocrror*r. )Kusu o4 Nlencuna ao ceBeprre Apr-eu'ruue n rrpana-je ruyMcr{aMa(ma. Beopra arnlalr r r e t b a , rr.( ) : ! r a r A j c r ; a o j c . t H r r a aMeph,rKa Marilia K(ua ce cTPMo[ aBqe cilyrrrl-a nlr:t rl)rJ(). Orra lra,rnr .je r.rv:rerrr,r penia. Turap \rarria.jc joru l()3nara H t{ao Ma a IIet'aBa Maqtia n tlaceJbaBa lrpoc'rope o4 Koc'r'a Purce 4ri AprenluH e . f l , r a H x H c K a M a ( n \ Ax u u H o 4 j y x r r o r flepva /,() ceBepuor- tIr.r,lea H yrnaBrroM HaceaaBa cyBe rrlar.ulrrcne crerre. tr4ua HX pa3lurrHlux 6crja, a rrajuerutra .je cpeopHo cr,rBaca opaou rre|aMa u upyrarra. IJe<lrpojera l,ra,rria uat'rarr,vje rrpe4e^e ao 3 300 Nre'rapa lraaM()pcr{e nHcr,rrre v tuyMaN,ra o4 Eo,rlrer,rje 4o jr5 napnpa ti4 ( pe[ 1 a r a r r , r r r { c .K p : r H o OpHo-oree go japrio iKyre, ca r1prrr.rM fleraMa rr perroM ca Kpvl-olJr.rMa. Ma.ina rr3 naMlzlca i+inBrr oJ Er..ea;1<tpa gcl f l a r r r o u u j e , I I v l r r i l r a r r i e v u l r r . r, , l ) r ) J \ a K \ ' . K ( ) l a J er r e ( T ( )q p B e r i l i a ( r e b ( U e( a 6paoH ueraNra.Oea spcra ,IHBH v pa3H r l um r \ rc l a H r n n r r v r r n a x o j r j a r r r r e Kai+ie,BO r.ro1'rJOpeHHJe rrpeJe^e.

rue BO H qelLrHapcKe uryMe fi l'yc'r'o

l p\4Jbe ) v.4iLa,f llllM tt6,tAt t htrla.

Arlpura u E^ncKIl ?Icror

A<ppr.r.rna ,1trl,ha Marrrta <16n'r'aea v sehepr 4e,ry .|,v;+irre A<ppr.rrie, ocHM y r r pn<.r(ia,urou *xe,rv [Ia r,rr.r 6 r.rjcue r rycl r.r g,e. OBa Bpcra -\!rrrH rra 4<x'tahy Ma(rKv a,r,u je Ma,rqfiqe seha u Bnrla fi r4Ma rrp()nopr-luoHalno Behe yrrru. O6uqn<r je cHue 6oje ca Llpnr.rMner-aMafi npyraMa H rracl'ar$yJe Benilily craHr.|lr'fa, aKo y tI)HMa M();+ie4a lrale rreKH llari^oH. floHerta4 ce npr.rje v [rvnJbrrM lepMu'rbarjuMa, u11).le 4()BeAo ;alo'lo|a ;14.]e |rbalia. rra3ullaly fHrap H3 r'el)Nilr A<ppHvna Jnn/JA \ra'riil rratrlrr,yje . Jy,+irre Lr qeil]'pa^He Ae OBe Jv,+iHe A<ppune. Th6arru c)' jq rlprrH. Oua N,IaqKa tsOArl()t'BopelIa, ll()r\ylIVC'Ia CIaHr,[rrTa ca HeK()Nr Bpcl.()Nl 3aK\OHa, a x p a r I n ( e p a . J .r\r '| | r r r rr r 6 e c x n , rr r c rr r l l lrl r Ma, r',\o4aPurlrarr rvrrl'fepnMa. osa qecfo IrpeKorlaBa rte(:K()BrJ1'() I:Ao IrPC'l'a \ ' I r o r l ) a : i H: r a x P a r r ( ) \ f . Cepea-1, Hario i+iHBH v Nlosau6nnv 3uu6a6ee1! ceeepHoj Borleauu, IJarua6u.ju u Hc'r'orrHOM Tpaucuanv.jy;+lHo 4o Hala,ra, noc'raje H3v3e'rHo pe4ari. OH so,tu o6iacru ca MH()r() rraJaBurra, a
qCCTO CC IIAAA3H V BTICOKI,{M 'fDABAMA

Enpona u Ma-rraAsuja
i

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{.*
te{

t:
\!

d j

ii
O

Eeponcna A:r'Blba NIaqKar+iuuu r'-KoHIHHerrranrroj l.r uclovHoj Eepolu, cBe 4o Mane Asnje. Osa 4usma MaLrKa Bo il [orxvM]T,eHe naN,rer I rJ1-e o6,rac'r'u. Beoua r.rqu-Ha 4o-r'rahy rurpacrv Maqnv, aAH Je Bena H 3Jerracl'r4Ja, ca npHMeTH() eehoNa rAaBoM. llo4epc're - xojr.rx nlra ono 40 - ce 3HarHo pa:t",r,unvjvno 6cljn 14 rxapar,ra_.Henuua cv rtere cBe'L\e, 4pyfe uMaJy r43pa3u're rrer-e u rrpyre, a HeKe (\ txopo je4ur-r6ojura. Pr.rc rari()be,16urasa v :atta4Ht-l.j Eepclrru (uapr.rvuro y lllnaHujn), y ceeepHcrj Asaju n sa E,lprcnor,r tr4cron1,,

H,lH rpcria\4a ) (l H:rHrrr.reu4e. I [eo6u.{Hcl ,4yrHX Horv u Be()MaBHTart,cepea,n je u,rarrro6paou 6oje ca rycruM freraMa rro Te y, aAH rJ3r^e/[ ce BeoMa pa3^rJK\te o/'I Je4rre ..,to/,tp\,re',{iLlBo'l An e. Os 6pso rpuu Ha Rparne cra:re H BT4COKO rrTHUe V IeT\'. CKaqe Ka4a J\OBr.r O6u.rHo AOBH V 6;\H3HH[I Bol,[e, lze xBaTa H D\OJaPe rr Mtu\e Konr4Tape. llycrr.tr,criu puc Hace"'baea AQpany, o c n v o 6 . r a cr H e K B ar o p u j a . r l u x m v \ l a . nacr u E,rucnn tr4clon cBe Jo l4+tluie.

MAnEMA.{KE
)Ieonapg MaqKecy
BETTKE KAO

4omafia MaqKau )KlrBeog l,lnguje, npeKo Onnnnnxa,go Kune.

Vflonnafia MaqKa n3pax(aBaceoje pacnonox(elbe nouofiy nosa, xoje eapupajy oa norHyTe, noHH3He AO nperefie.

He n IIIpz Aanrce 4o Ernnra Ha zcrorcy. Oea Bpcra Hace,taea pas"ltzvura craHprrrrra oz peqHr.rx o6a-r,a4o rrryMapaKa u rrryMa.flpyracro Kp3Ho M agHX Mar{aKacKopo frornyHo HecraHe Ka/a o4pacry, ocrae,rajyhz caMo npcreHoBe Ha HOfaMa,perly 14AI4uy. Aeuiarcxa 3larHa MarrKa x<vrBvron Heni-na rzjyxHe KuHe ao Marresuje z Hacer'aBauryMe Ha Cyruarpe. Yra.aeHola Br4cvrHvt oa rrpeKo 3 000 u. VllaauxpasALlrvrv_x 6oja, a,rHje yrAaBHoMrIpBeHKacro-opaoH ca oe^r{M npyraMa Ha r aBH. flo6ap je nemav, alu oBH VI ' ABHOM HA T V. y KuHecrca ilycrvrbcKa MarrKa )d<krBrr qeurpa,ruoj Asuju, jyxuoj MoHro.nujra I{ Herou sana4uoj KzHu, a Hace,/baBa cro,,r,y6zee rr aHHHcKe cTere. Oeo je MaqKaCPe{rr'eBe urIvHe I4 yI aBHOMJe 6paoHxyhxacra ca raMHr,rMrreraMa r{
Kp3HOM Ha CTOfraiVMa.

Oea epcra je 6oje necKa ca eeoN4a 6i\eaHM neraMa. tr4rta 4yrauKe yrur,r,noje cy jom 4yxe s6or qpHux A^aKa Ha Bpxy. Beona je pe4ax v )d<r4.Br4 y orBopeHrrM craHulrrrr.rM a, yuny'ryjyhH no^y-nycrr.rIbe rz peTKe rrryMapKe. fleruqasa MaqKao6Izraeay ceeepHoj A<ppraqra u jyroaana4noj AsrEjra v cna,^,a y [yc'r'HFbcKeMaqKe. 36or rora arvra ryc-ro Kp3Ho Ha crona^Hua xoje joj oMorynyJe Aa xoAa no Bpe oM necKy. Llluporco nocraBrbeHe yurr4 cy cMerxreHC HI4CKOHa r aBH H O^aro Cn,t,o[ITeHe, na Molr{e 4a rly3vr rlcnoA HrrcKof pacrr4r$a 4a 6u lera:at-na 3aK oH. AQpravrca 3larHa MarrKa )KvrBLry ilparrryMaMa 3analHe Lr rleHTpalHe A<pprzrce. Oea Maqrca nnra 6paoH utu cABo Kp3HO Ca pa3NrlrlllTr4M rrrapaMa n pen KoJrr ce Ha KpaJy o^afo rxnpu.

IJenrparrrra n rrcrorrna Asnja

f\a"ta4uua Mar{Ka)KrzBrz oA Kacnujcnor jeeepa Ha rrcroKy Ao 3ana4He v ueHTpa^He KraHe. Ha-tasauo je Ha orBopeHnM CTeIlaMa,ilarrrHbauvMaH rrycTr{}bcrcuu o6lacrvMa Ao BrrcHHeoa 4 000 Merapa, a npmaroleHa je 3a xnBor y
x MHOJ r( krMU, IIOrIITO UMa lyfar{Ko,

uace,raeajy rxyMe Bpcraua roje jyroucrovHe Asnje yr aBHoM rpe6a Brlrue Bo4e Hero ocraiav aoujctcuv je eKcrp-eMHo BpcraMa.Aeonapl uavrca rpaurro3HaMaqKa, rcojaxueu Ha Xuruatraluva, Ma-resujz u eehuFlla Lln4onesnjcrcnx ocrpBa, Kao u Ha @uHunulr,urr.ra, ThjeaHy u latauy. tr4uaje y pa3^LtqlrTuM cTaHrt[ITHMa, Hapoql4To y uyMaMa n uryMaprlnMa, a.^.Ll H'IjK.a/.a y nycrHM o6aacrulra. Kao nrro v vMe KalKe,Kp3Hojoj je ceerrro,npeKpI,IBeHo rIpHt4M nuje uuoro [eraMa. Oea N{aqKa eeha oa 4ouahe Mar{Ke. Maqrca pn6ap xr.rnn y jyxu oj \4u4uju uKuuu, Ha Cylrarpu uJazu, a raKo ce Ha3HBa s6or rora urro joj je orr,ru,reHa xpaHa pu6a. Xrzeu y uryMaprrnMaAy)r< peKa H noroKa, y MoqBapHHM o6lacrnnra u npuo6aIHHM rxyMaMaMaHrpoBa, qecro y 6tuzuttu tbyActrx Hace,ba. llpu,r,uuno je ee,runa, a lbeHo cBerlo 6paoH Kp3Ho zrtla ranaHujenere. Meprr,repHa vavna je perrcaepcra xoja ce Ha,ta3u Ha ncror{Hnu Xrauarrajraua, y Tajttaw4y, Bypun u Ma"reaHju, Ha Cyuarpu u Bopney. O6lrraea y uryMaje neraBa. Osa NaaqKa rrrar.rneorrra ul4a ueo6ravny KapaKTepacrr.rr{Hyno3y yByr{e r aBy u usvuje ,rela, 6a.iro 4a ceAr4,croJu LrAH e)r(H. Maqrca rrrr,ocHarer-,,raee. rcojax<ABt4 oA jyra Taj,tanaa, npeKo Ma;resuje 4o Eopnea ra Cyvrarpe, HMa rlaBy qylHor
OO IIKa TLIBHO IUbOCHaTe 4yrOM TbyIIIKOM OOaIT'e Ca peAaVr Ma prM

JyroncrovHa Aanja

rycro Kp3Ho.Kpsuo je xyhxacro-caso ca oe^rrM BpxoBuMa, a Ha Alduy }r peny aua 6e,le BpxoBe. 36or xparxvx Hofy usrte4ajy 3lerracro. lIoHexM ce cMaTpa [peTKoM rrpktrrHToM/beHenepcr,rJcKe MarrKe. llerasa MarrKa)KrzBnHa IIIpu AaHrlra u y jyxuoj LIu4uju. Zrua 6oje ple ca TaMHHM MpJbaMa H npyraMa. Ona eoau cyBe qecrape rz urrlnpaxje. a qecro ce Hala3u y 6lusuttu rbylcKrrx craHr{rrrra. Maqrca rr3 uyHr e )r<r4Br4 oA Llu4oxu-

yrurMa. O6r.r.rHoje qpeenxacro-6paoH 6oje ca raunujzlr neraMa. Ona nace,raBa urvMcKe o6rracrn v 1LtAtuuA soae. tr4pr.rovore MaqKa )Kr,rBHcaMo Ha ocrpBy 14pzouore IITsy2, nsrtrefy Thjeaua n Janaua, y lnlza.a.uIKrz'M cy[TponcKrrM[pauyMaMa, a orxpznenaje 1967. BpaoHrcacreje 6oje ca peaoBlrMa ayraqKux nera. Claarpa ce Aa nocrojn Marbeoz 100 oevx )KrrBorrzlr,a.

322

yuJare
{ xpgo MopcKr,rx ca iyra naBoBa
TOKOM Ce3oHe

napelba.oBa crBopelba ce nape y rpyngr lr oKynrbaiy y KonoHlriaMa. Ty pabaiy MnaAe,goie nape ce npe r,rx1,| noBparKay oKeaH. l4axo cy npxnnqHo Ha nOKpeTrbl,lBl,l KOnHy, oBe soKe cy jou yeex yrpox(eHe a oA rpa6rblrBaqa, oKynrbalsey rononnje ram 4aje F clrrypHocr.
E a

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V Y eoAr, npeArba nepaia lrM cfly)Ke Kao KopMlrno,Ha xM Kopl,lcre KOnHy 3a AoTeplrBalbell Kperalbe.

Ha npau noated ceeSoxewatedajy

MAbe SUUIOUCrnO,AIUUruHclb%gUJlllvl,

dee nocnamparcen eudunoda nocmoje caceuxpasnuuurne zpyne Pora - & ca;vto jedxn od lloal u,rraoco6uxy rw xojoj cy do6unc ceojrnsue, yau xojece wpaaurnowrnw4).
ee Qore zuajy ynu,a^H caMoKp3HareQore n Mopcnpr,tanoer uruajy u3paxeHe yrlHe ruKo/bxe, Yuru npaBux Qoxa, rcojrarrla ilpwr4a eehlrHa no apHI,IxBpcra, Kao v cvrBe H o6n.IHe Qone, uuajy Ma:re orBope Ha rlaBrr ca cTpaHe, rrlToIIM o^aKlrraBa rr vBarbe. Many pasa.raKy npeacraB.oa Hacre{e ue noTnyHo Apyrarrr4Jer eBoAyrHBHor roKa. llpane Qore cy rrsrle4a eBolyr4pa^e04 n3 o6.nacru crBopeba Hair4rc Br44paMa npe cenepHorAr,tarTvrKanoje cy )nr,rBele senux 15 MH rroHa roALrHa,uefyrurtr, yurare Qonecy ce pa3BH e o4 cnojrzxnpe4ana nceher nopeK a Lr3 ceBepHor llaqlrQura, nojn cy xr,rBelr.rrrpe HeKr.rx Oea sesaca ncehula 25 uu-xuouaro4l,ztHa. r.r3rle4oMocraBu a je ceoj rpaq jep cy yuare Qone ea4pxa,le raj vlnrte4 A
BCOMA BC I'IKY NOKPCT/bI,IBOCTHA KONHY,

sa pas^vry 04 npaBvx Qoxa roje cy cropo 6ecnouohHeraenaH ro4e. Pas.Aor roue je aKo yoarJlrre. Ha KorrHy npaBa (poxa rexn Ha croMaKy xao pH6a Ha c)tsoM, npe4lba nepaja arr,r uTpqe ca cTpaHe, a 3aArr,a nepaja TeAO Je CKOpo caBprrleHo II4IIAMI1'III{O ocran.oajy rpar y necKy Kao pen pz6e, H BpeTeHaCTOr Oo,\VKa noKpeTAHBO a 4a 6u ce Kperala Mopa Ja ce 3rpqu. rcoje neorvreraHo K"tr,{3rr Kpo3 BoAy.

croju .rernopoHorrrKe.flpe4ma nepaja , uuajy cna+xuelruruHhe roja nrr.rorr.rory-E hyjy Hoce relKHHy re^a, a sa4ma f, .aa nepaJa cy Llurcn TpyrTa,yMecro Aa ce 6 ByKy 3a mzlr. Kaga ce nolaKo npehe, I rerypa ce Ha 34rbeM 4ery nepaja,4orcE je npe4mr.r Aeo fio4vrrryr. uzHag nonp- Q rrrr4He,aNu Kala Je pa3JapeHaUAV y E crarby npurpaBHocrlt, Moxe 4a 6yae l neor',ra 6psa, rpa6ehz Hanpe4 rlpedrbl4ME nepajHrtla Kaor{oBeK Ha luraKaMa. Ogan- * Bo rpanaBo, a.tu eQenrHoKperarbeoMo- Kocrra ropmlrx yAoBa cy y ct^aAy ca cTpyKryryhyje urnr4a ce xpehy no creHoBLIrIrM rbzxoBoM xLrApo4nHaMLIqHoM poM re^a, a roprbr{Ae oBHy4oBacy rlpoIr axaMa 6pxe o4 r{oBeKa nojH rpuH. Xasaxnocr yuare Qone Ha ronHy je AyxrcHu I{ 3apaBlbeHuy xra4poQn.lHu Hy I4cKonepajanoju rauaMaKcuMa cnope4Hr,r eQexar br'txoBe nlnBar{Ke o6rwrx orllop y BoAH. rexHHKe. 3a paa"tuny o4 npane Qoxe, pzurhenocr vrMr4Hlzua,ltar, IroKHa runrcou re"ry Qone nocrojz rvrana KOJa CeKpene Kpo3 Bo4y cHalKHlrM perHMa Salrr,Hx nepaja, ruara <porca [oBprrrr4Ha xoja . yrrramyje ry6raran ',reru' qaK, 14 BO4I4, rcpos BoZy, Be,tlrKr4M 3aMaclrMa TOn OTey xJ\a4HOJ Jep Je Ha eKBaTOpy, CTaHLIIIITy IaIarIarOCKHx npe4rbr,rx[epaJa, rrrToJe BrrrrreHaIvK rr raBarbyrvHfBlrHa. 3a4rca nepaja ce Kp3HarHx Qoxa, reuneparypa Bo4e rCaO rcOprrlurra. KaO qecTo MHoro Hulr(a 04 TeM[epaType MaJ\O KOpI4CTe, OCI,M je TC A. Iloc/\e4nua Tofa, cBa cnara rvruuruha rzso"tagrzjy 14 xu4po4tar:.aKoHrleHTpHcaHa y npe4r6eMAe^y re a, {o4aruy oKo paMeHa r,r Bpara lr 3oor rofa ce MHqHocr oMoryhyje 4e6eo c,noj MacHoha ucno4 Ko)Ke,a KoZ Kp3Harvx Qona rerajy no n arKv raKo ycnelrrHo. rcpsHov-rcoje_ce ro je nojavaHo MeKr4M Kao racse Qore, u ona nporo4ra eehz vtcrro4Ay)Ke,orlrTpe, o4bpaMoey BO4L[v qe O Te O Je rJa.\asl.{ 4eo )Kr4BOTa He AJ\aKe CnOhA. npz,raroleuo nonehamy eQunacuocrz oee Qoxe Kao rrlr4Barra.IbeHo xer4poKpruoje r,r3y3erHoKopI4cHotr3BaHBo4e,
jep rax rrrrr4rrr 04 eKcrpeMHo HLcKI4x no^apHr{x reMrreparypa KoJece cnyllrraJy ra 4o -100" C, atu Lr y Botru I4MacacBI,IM

Terypane n n r{Barbe 3a par,rvnyoA Apyrvx,yuraraQorca

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r4e xov6raHauqJa gyrg$ aoOpyQyHxurzjy he npsna ?l ornopHor oMoraqa o6er6elyje ! 4a xraaua r.oda lurnar, He zolaslr y KoHd TAKT CA KO}I{OM OBC }I(I'IBOTLITbC.

A Vruare Soxe 'nere' xpos aogy noMofiycBoirx npeAlbl4xnepaja. Fbrxoeo6nxK qnHta ]rx caBpuJeHnM nflt,|Baq]tMa. Xpana r "toB E je-rpanaBocrBoperbe, Ha rconuy Qoxa ; a^v y MopyoHaJe op3rzBr.rcnpeH oBarI
v npelcTaB,ba KoMoLIHaIIVJy I"jHTeAH,a .9 o

Zso,rarlaja xpsHovrce ynaruyjeroKoM ! 8". Q ponema y Be HKlrM Ay5vrHaMa,jepce fr caoj ron,lor Ba34yxa,roje xprHo sa4ps6or npurzcKa Bo4e. ! xaea, nonrnpecyje , Melyrlrr,a. ynpKoc roMe. Kp3HaraQona Kejn ,roeu ceoj nAeH Ha Ay5vHaMaoL 100 rz evile Merapa. Ka,r,uQopnrzjcnrz MopcKr,r AaBoBri cy yeex6anu y porberr,y Ha BeIHKT4M Ay6nHaMa,a u yIUaTe Qoxe, yonurreHo, Hlrcy raKo Berurn poHr{oqv Kao npaBe Qorce. Llaenrz y3poK roMeje ruro oee Qorce "9_satpxanajy 4yro Ba3tyx no4 Bo4oM. llpaoa Qorca lroxe ,4a ocraHe no4 no4oru 20 MlIHyTa H Ay)Ke TaKO rUTO rzcnpasHr.l n^yna u sa4plr<r4 BrzcoKyKoHrIeHTparlrzJy KnceoHHKa y KpBn, KoJaJe ooraTa qpBeHuMKpBHr4M 3pHUrzMa, HocvorlHMa KnceoHltKa.Yruare Qore nucy raxo Beurre r{ perKo ocrajy rro4 BoloM 4y)Ke
04 IIeT MLtHyTa.

r.r BerurrrHe ByK:L14no4Bo4He :eHurzJe puoa npe4aTopa. op3uHev arH^HocTrr Cee Qorce cy npe4aropv,a^A HeKecy o eeruruje oA Apyrnx. Mefy yurarur'a Kp3Hara Qonalra caMo aHTapKTt4qKa E Qorca jecre npaBn rraajcrop noja ce E xpaHv cKopo caMo Kprz oBHMa- cvrT-= HrzM crBoperbvrMa,Ha vK paurzhrzrr,ra, A Yurare Soxe pearyje ra seneno noju n,rzrajy y Mrr rroHCKuwjarurta y lrM cBeTnolr oBa npeAHocT nolapHuM MopnMa.Kpu"roau cy, TaKo- oMoryfiyie Aa noce6HoAo6po le, maena xpaHa BeAHKHxKr\ToBar.I BnAey Ay6oKoj BoA1,r. 6yrcea,lnonecrajame oBrzx crBopeba je repoearuo H3as- Qore u MopcKH iaBoBrr cy onopryHprcrasJyxHor oKeaHa (I0 npoBaHorpeHyrHoMeKcnaH3ujovr ru nojz y6usajyuje4y cr,erxro yxBare. r1eHararo4r,rurru,e) nony,taurzje aHTapK- Behrlna Bpcra )KrrBey o6nacrnua, r4e THr{Krzx Qona. leuepalHo, Kp3Hare Bprlo3rz MopcKrrx crpyja fio4r4)rry xpaHJbuBe ca AHa Mopa y -MaTeprrJe
OIti3IiHIl OOaIe: XpaH,4,HBeMaTepHJe Cy xpaHa MrzKpocKoncKr4 cv rllr4ll a.\faMa rcoje n,rneajy Ha noBprxr4Hri ocyHqaHrzx Mopa, npe4craamajy o6nne xpaHe sa cahyurre )r{r4Borrzbe noje n,tyrajy. Oue npuBlaqe Be^vKa jara pu6a vr Apyr:zx crBopeEa noje Qone rpolx4lrpy.

Ynara Qorca -roeu y BIAV cpe4rbe Af6uue u Ha MopcKoM aHy. Xeara pu6e, "tam,e, rra rraK 14nIzHrBt4He, Kao H MopcKe )KuBorvrbe r<oje nyre no MopcKoM AHy, nonyr Kpaoa H Je4He Bpcre paKa. Ha"rasn cnoj n.neu novrohy xoNr6rjnoeaHhx qy^a, noja cy seovra 47:arrrkrpaHa 4a 6u Qone ocreapu,r.e

fla.rr.rrm ",roBa

Ha KonHy, Kp3HareSoxe n { 9ax 14 MopcKlrnaBoBl4 l{r4cy6es6e4Hta oA KrroBa Y6rqa Kojn HanaAaiyr lr3BaH BOAe.

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{ Myxjar ceBepHe Kp3Hare soxe je orpoMaH 1,| ie ner nyra rex],r oA xeHKe. KaAace Aea Myx(iaKa Habyy 6op6u, fyonfHnK Moxe Aa 3aAo6lrjeo36hrbHe noBpeAe. V tlaperue Moxe Aa 6yge 1,| onacHoKaAaie BenuKa pa3nlrKay rexlrHrl y r3MebygBa yqecHlrKa xexxe npoqecy napeFba. MOryAa ce nape caMo Hef,erby AaHaHaKoH pabarbaMnaAyHqera.

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MaKCL4MaiHyeq)nKaCHOC'l' y BO/H. Ha npaMep, ()qlr cy HM rrpularoleue rano Ja Mol'y aa y3My y o6snp rrpelaMane cBe'rlocrrr y BoAr4.Ha o6a,u.r BlaAe ilpltLlqHo 4o6po Ha janorra cyHuy, a^r,r KaKo cBer^ocl'JelbaBa, Ay),rrv\a oKa ce uuptr n cne noclaje oauyheu<1,Te QoKa MOIKe Aa ona3v caMo KllyrrHe r,r H op3e ooJeKre. Y uopy je rrornvrro apyra.raja cwryaguja: <pona je caBprrrerro trprl\aroleHa oIlI'nrIKHM o/t HKaMa BoAe n Bp O r-r3orrrTpeFro BaAu cBe qaK V KaAa cBer,locr cKopo HecraHe. Ose cy, l'aKorJe, rrpr,r^HqHo oceT,,I)I,lBeHa 3e^eHy cBer ocr, ruro je BeoMa KOpHCHo y BOA|"r. Zrrarc, <poxa He 3aBt,tcz caMo oA cBor nn4a. lo6pcr yxparbeHe, a u nornyHo c.nene Qone, Hucy r.reo6uvua nojaua y At4Bi'JuHrj, ruTO yKa3yJe Ha To Aa C)r L7 4pyra qy^a no4Je4HaK() Ba)fiHa y npoI-ralalierby xpaue. Je4uo t-r4 rorzx je qy^o c^yxa.

nosehaHoM npzTrzcKy ce npnlaroae tr4vajy Boae na eehzNa ay6nuaua. ao6ap ocehaj Aa ,ryiy h:t Kor npaBqa Aota3v 3ByK H 4a ra aorlrzpajy y ranaHoj. MyTH(UBOAV. Mory, ranob., au ,roqupajy n"reH AoAr4poM, jep ocehajy Ba6paqhje y uoAu nper(o 4yf HX l)pKoRa Ha HK (a ( ()n,tavrzjr.rv. Ccaxu 6pr je norre:lAH )+(eHoM MpexoM HepBHax B aKaHa LI E iI rua"/be Mo3l'v rrpeuu:rrrenlrrlropuauuje rr .9 c rroKpel'HMapz6e n ZpyrHX crBopena y .q 6,nusurru r,r'r'uMe 4aje uoryhnocr <pona @ Aa vx lrparh v rroTnyHoM MpaKy H -= TAtUlrHr.r.

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6urauju y BoAn Hero Ha rconHy.Yur.r cy vo4lrQr.rncleaue 4a 6n rro4Hele Qcrne

Benu BIAV, npriTHcaK 3BVTTHVX TaAaCa V a r.majy rroce6aH MexaHrz3aM aa

A 36or o6nrKa MnagyHqera pabalbe ie Kp3HareQoxe, ibl,txoBo naKo.Y6p3o HaKoH nopobaia, je cnpemna3a napelbe. )KeHKa

Cee rcp:Hale.rpoxe v Mopcna ;raBo-BH ce c o y fpyrrr4, ()KVrr,6aJynl4 @ pa3MHor+iaBaJy -ce q^ar-roBa y Ko oHaJaMa ca MHoro la on 4oHelr4 M a4e na cuer. 6prluy () FbvMa r.r[aPe ce ilpe Frero ce Bpa'r'ev Mope Ha xpajy cesorre. ()4 pa3l()r'a ;.KHB()ra y mo,rouujn . Jeaarr Je He4ocTa'l'aK oJfoBapalyne (x)aie 3a pa3MFroxaBame. Yurare (rone cy rrorPeTAlrBe r-la KouHv v nprzxnar,tnnoj Mepu, a 'r cy,vilaK, o3bH,r,HoyrpolKeHrr og' crpaHe apyrr4x rpa6nr.reaqa. Thno usally u:t Bole aa aoHe/\a,lra4a ?+(errKe cy \4la4e Ha cBel; oHe ce oxvrt-'tajy y r,Plne ua chrypHrrM MecTVMa paAn De3t)e/Hocl'H. Ilou-ro ce nape HaKor{ y6pso 4OHOUefba M a4r{X Ha CBel, CBaKLt uyxjar HMa oA LtqHy rrpzlnKy la ce naph (a Bti[Je i+ieHKHo4je4Ht-rr,,t. rz rt-r rruHr,r,TaKo urro 4ole Ha trla)fiy, r4e ce r(eHKe oxyn,oajy pa4H rraperba r,r3ay3Me : Je Kao cBoJy reparopvJy,a caMHMrrrM tI ! xeurce r<oje4o,rase ty paAn naperba. f; Onaxae xapeMcr(H cHcreM., Ltpt poA(x TaBAa Mlrore MylrlaKe ()e:r E HO, xeHnrz, rano 4a je rour<ypeHur.rja ra ! repuropujy raperba xecrclxa. tr4lra i 3 vuorcr 6op6e v. Ma'/.a .rpeo vyxjax ,po*. HMa 3arxra'ry ae6_e^or Kp3Ha r{ i F rycre 4 aKe, HHcy HeobHqHe. qaK. r.1 cMproHocHe rroBpe4e. Ovzr,le4uo je Aa, iltro je eehu uyxjan, eehe cy rr,ly rxaHce H BepoBarHoha 4a he ce napvrrH v. darv. froroMKe xolu he luacl'e4la'rr4

o YcneruHrz ruyxjax npsuare Qone Mo?Ke r4aoKynH xapeM oZ 50 xeHnu. o Myxjaqu xapeMa cy 6yrcna"nno paBHolyrrrHH rrpeMa M aAyHrIr,rMa o xojrarvrai(eHKe 6puny (oepooaruo 3aro rrrro cy oqeBn apyrvt uyxjauu Lr3 npeTxo4,He ce3oHe naperba) rz np,ro je vecra nojana Aa MAaAyHTya 6yay nperaxeHll roKoM naperba. r l",tanuu nenpnjareui Kp3HarHX Qorca r.r MopcKHX aBoBa (aryreo voeera) cy Be HKe 6e,re ajrcy,re rz Kr.rroBHy6uqe. Ha ucrounoj o6a"lu IlararoHuje, MopcKe aBoBeca jyra pe4oBHo rrana/,aJy KHTOBH. yoHqe KoJuucKarryH3 Bo4e v xBaTaJy cBoJe )r(prBe na o6a-ru. Cre,lepcru uopcKr4 aB je nosuar rro roMe rrrro ce xpaHn ApyrLrM Qonarraa. Mna4u rnryarjaqra peAoBHo y6ujajy u jeAy M agyHrle Kp3lrarux Qorcay nanrrcoj BO4Pr nope4 ooaie. r Ha rrranpru n alxaMa, r4e je xonHo orpaHHqeHo,ruyxjaglr MopcKor aBa |l,ory Aa rpacBoJe H 4eo Mopa.Kao ceojy reprlropzjy, narpo,tupajyhu no rroj w yptajyhu Ha yae3e. 325

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{ Kao r urreHu}t, MraAyHr-lr4 Qoxe ce Becero nrpajy. Majra Soxa fie HacraBltr[ Aa aoinu6pnneocBoM roA}rHyAaHa MnaAyH'{eTy lr Ay)Ke,a qecro fie oto Aohr ca ]boMHa nnaxy 3a napelbe,KaAace, roAllHe,Bparll HapeAHe ga iour jeAnou AoHece Ha cBer. MnaAyHqe

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Ano uyxjan ycrte 4a lra4pxll cuojy Ii,el'oBe oco6zHe. Thrco4a y 6ecilclut'le'r'epnropujy,on fy M()pa Ario 4a oc'raHe. 4rroM npollecy npL4po4Hece^el{Lu'\e H I,IOHaJ, A3 cyce(4crBa rre ycrre,MytfiJaK uyxjaqrz nocrajy orpoMHr.I. lII ro je yhra he y Ko onojr,rce ruyrba oKolo, eehrz rr.ryxjan,eehe cy My uaHce Ja -I) je. :tHatru uujy u rrpey:re'r'r.r cBoJe reHe Ha rlol'oMclllo. Aa TAaBHla rrpeHece M()Pa.IIo uyxiax Lre Moi+ie Aa o/\c 71() Yurare Qoxe npr,rnagajynopo4uI1l.t o4 rpr.r nopo4uqe y Onriid,a,e,.jeanoj pely Pinnipedin (ruro aHavu KpH ara crona,na). /pyre nopo4wJe cy Phoci.y u,tu upane Qone,Od,obenidae, d,ae, Bpcra - Mop)K. KoJy cnagacaMoJeAHa One flocroju 14 npcra yurarr.rxQorca.
xpariy, na Molla /a lll)e,+iHllH(11cB(IHx Macuux naclara r'()l{oM Behel' Ae,\a ce:]oHe rraperba.
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v Y eoAta, MopcK[ naB caoje gyre Kopr4crl,r ga 6pxoee nonyr nnavnjrx, 6r orxpno xperarue Pn6e n ApyrHx crBopelba, uTo ga nparr uy oniroryfiyje y nornyxoi nnex ceoj ]r rnuruxn.tlyno TaMta BuAau cnyxa je noce6xo y BoAH. e$exrno i,r

o6yx cy

y MopcKe IaBoBe KaO Ilrro MOpCKrr IaBOBrr ;aruu),aycrpa-

}Kerlne gola3e Ha r,tax{y ABe Acl rpti I Ipue ce ltojaurre4e6enanorrrraylcjana. r,y.ly ,{{eHKel{(ue rPe()a Aa p(r/\e MAaAe, y pa3- jep no4 (xrxa tt<lc'rojH Karlttberbe nojy Qeryca, ulo trolnplyje 4a he ce E

,{onaeax )rceHxrr

'irujcrur MopcKnws (Neophoca Cinuea) H cre^epcKu MopcKrI ^aB jubatus);u xpsHare Qorce (Eumetopins Kao ruToJe arrrapKTrFrKaKp3Hara gazella)tr ceBepna Qorca(Arctocephalw rparrara Sota (Callorhinw ursintu). y One cy uajpacnpocrparaeHraje llaqnQuny u apKrHr{KnM ceBepHoM MopprMa, a,ru, raxole, ce nojan,oyjyrz Aycrpartuje, Hajyxurarrro6arrarrra u AQpr,rne. Arvrepzrce JyxHe Bean r'"'"e: Ayxuna oA rbyruKeAo pena: oa 120 o'.rxo4 uyxjarca ra anarocKe Kp3HareQone ao287 cM KoA MyxlaKa cTe epcKor MopcKor aBa. Be,rrH.rHHa xeHxuje oKo 48 rpehuMyxJaKa. He Be^r4rrr,rHe rarraTexuna: Oa 27 xr no4 rrayxjana uarocKeKp3HareQorce 4o 1000 rr rco4vryxjana crelepcKor MopcKor .raoa.Myxjauv cy 14 Ao ner nyra
TexH 04 )KeHKLt. .tzo

MAAAI4 qOALI'I'II fa(IH() t'()/\V}{y Aatta P r{aKoH naperra. Y pony oJ oKo ABa Aalua ()rre( e nopalajy. Cnaxa ,+icttKa tx"raje t'a coojnl.r MAa4yHueM [rec1 . aHa, a oHAa n Ha3aAy If()rl4rbe Aa Ay'f.atto tco,toHu.jrz MOPe KaKo JOJ KpeHe HollH llafoH 3a uapetleM. I Ioru't'o o6a:tprznn uyxjax noxyuaBa 4a je rayclauh y Ay'raIby,oH ynrztla aa je )KeI{KaclrpeMrla rla Ilape}r,e v odMax ce rlapil ca boM. Ou4a, oHa Bpahajyhu ce noBAAe y BoAy Aa.^ooL'l,. peMeHo Aa AoJLIcBoJe M aAyHIIe HaJMarre 100 Hape4Hr4x AaHa. Ko4 vrHoiux Bpcra, ,fierIKa HacraB.tla 4a 4oju ra 6przHe o cu<rjrlu M MyHtIHMa Hape/Hnx ro4llr{y AaHaA Ayr+(e,a qecTo je rueH<-r M aAyHqe IIpalH u c,te4ehe ce3oHe napelba, Rada noHolro 4ole ua rr^ar+(y Aa poAr4 Holre M aAyHqe.

JyxHoj IJopuujrz. Aonqn ua (roxecy 6a,tay norpa3u3a

KolKoM rpone, rueHuM MeKI,IM nolKp3HOM H HHCy ce rpyALlAIl 4a HarIPaBe ce,tenqujy. Je4Hocraeuo 6u 4our'ru na rrlalr{y, no6n.tu cne <pore noje 6a ce raMo Harule, yx,nyuyjyha u socehe r{eHKe. Hrlje nrz qyAo turo je aurapxrHqxa Kp3Hara Qoxa 6ynearrHo racrpe6,rena ao 1910., a Iz MHore Apyre Bpcre cy 4oBe4eHe y crabe onacHocTll. 'Bpenaeuonr'ynolerne pecrpaxurlja y cnpeqrlrro je AoBy, noqerKov 20. _BeKa. rrornyHpr HecTaHaK opl^o KoJe Bpcre I.1 na?tLbHBo ynpaBJbarbe /oBe O Je 4o rroHoBHor noeeharba y peKoplHrrM pa3MepaMa, rca4aje peq o aHTapxTriqxoj xp:Haroj Qorcu. fiauac, r4r.rte4a Aa cKopo cBe Bpcre ylxarl4x Qona clncrajy, ruro je eHavajaH KoHTpacr y ol,Hocy Ha eehnHy BelhKtrx cvcapa y cBerv.

ocrpBaMa Aaacxe, I1pn6u,r<xp, rrparca i'r.tlrrlo cv uc'r'pe6rlau oBIJH Ha rp<lrre, c,taqHa nalacr-prtrpa Aecvta ce n aHTapKTHrrrtnMKp3HarHiv Qomava I

Zaxo :aeyveHe nlall{e 3a fiaperbe o6es6elyjy 3aruraly oa MHorvx npLtpo4Hvx rpa6,nzear1a, oHe Hplcy HlrKaKea o46paHa ol r{oBeKa. HanoH rbrlxonor orrcprzha 1786. fo4nHe, orpoMHe r<o,roHnjeKp3HarHx Qoxa ca ceBepa Ha

Aos Ha Qore

Ha nlteu nozned, ceefioxe usznedajy ucntro, w"efiymuu,, nocmojedeepasnuuumenopodur4e - npaee $oxe u ju"ame $oxe. pasnuxa ce Kaxo lLMu uMe KaJtce, cacmojuy mot\,xe umo npaee$oxe netvtajy cnlhalube yurHeurKohKe.

npaBeSoKe
paee Qone v yuare Qoxe cy noToMur4 KonHeHux cr4capa. Crraarpa ce 4a cy npaee Qor<e

eBo^yt4 pale oZ Bpcre xoja je 6la,na uecox4ep npe oKo 15 rr.ru,luoua ro4:a:ea. llpaoe Qorce neuajy cno,barxrbe yruHe ruKo,bKe, a A aKa ulr je xparna r{ rlarna. Ose cy Qanracu.rr{Hu nluBarrv,al'rl cy Ha 3eM,bH He3rpafrHe r.r He Mofy /a y34lar:e,y relo Ha npe4Fbe nepaje. r<ao

ruro ro r,rory yurare Qoxe. Be,\u.rrzFra npaBr,rxQorcaeapupa o4 ll6-138 cM Kog )KeHKe Harr.rKa ao 490 cM Ko4 MopcKorcloHa cajyxue xeMHCQepe. HarnK rexu 50 q 4orc ruyxjax MopcKor cloHa rexn 2 500 xr Xenrce Bpcra ca jyxHe xevrucQepe, Kao rxro cy Qona MoFrax, MopcKH eortap4 rr Be4eaoea Qona, cy nehe o4 lryxjaxa. Myxjauu Bpcra ca ceBepHe xeMHc-

u U)

o
c 6

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o

-d

A MopcKr4 neonapg je rajeefia aHrapKTr4qKa SoKa. OHao6ta.{xo ocraje y 6na3uHn taBhqecaHre neAa y BoAn aKr]4BaH npeAaTop,a qygHo. Ha KonHyce xpehe cnopo 14 { Ynpxoc r4MeHy, Qoxa xpa6ojeg jege cauo KpunoBe.Mxore jegnHxe nuajy nyHo oxr4rbaKano reny s6or 6op6n ca ApyrlrM rpa6ojeAnMan HanaAnManpeAaropcKl4x MOpcKl,lx AeOnapAa. Qepe, nao rrrro cy cuea Qoxa, Qona
c KpecToM rr MopcKr.r c oH, cy MHofo sehr.r Hero ?r(eHKe.

Crarrzrrrre
Ys usyaerarje4ue epcre, Qoxe cy Mopc:rLrcr4capuu eehuny BpeMeHanpoBoAe y oKeaEy,4oKHa KorrHoH3 a3e caMo 4a 6u ce pa3MHolKaBaler4 o4Mapale. llosHaro je aa Be4e,roea Qona, Qoxa rcpa6oje4, MopcKn eorrap4, Mopcnlr c oH H Pocoea Qona xrzee uely canTaMa x alHHX BoZa Aurapxrrlrca, 4oK fpeHAaHZcKaQoxa, MopcKn 3erL rreraea Qoxa, Qona c KpecroM 14Harr4:r. lr<uBe y apHruvnoj o6,tacrz. Harzn eehz 4eo ro4r.rHe npoBo4rr

6
c

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l

ooKE nPABE

a
c 6

E a
r

vcnoA apKTurlKor AeAa, a y 1ttuzulr,u rpe6eua no4 npzTncxol,r, rojra ce Ha^a3r.ry,te4y, asrpe6e py[e sa 4ucawe.Y 4y6orcou cHery HcKonajy,re4euenehzHe, ulr4 6p,rore, y nojur'.ra ce o4rr.rapajy. Cuarpa ce 4a xeHrca Harr4KaxecroKo 6paHrzre rro4Bo4Hereprzropuje, Kao r,l Be4erroeaQorca. Vnrtl ce nojaer,rnpo,\eTrbecyHue,rcojeoarpeje Ae,4, HarHuH ce onyn,inajy Ha noBprrrHrtu. Ka4a ce ,l,el oTonu, oHH oTrr^oBe y Mope, rAe ylKrzBaiy y KparKoM apKTVrrKoM^ery. jyxnraje, O6ra.rHe Qoxe xzne rvra,ro 6,luxe qoBeKy. One cy npao6a,nHaepcTa H qecro ce oauapajy Ha neurrraHzM nialr{aMa U,\H yBa aMa v pyKaBrILrMa. Ibaxoeu cyceAr4, cuee Qoxe, cy cnpeMHvrJV HAaBaHTypev ol a3e Ha oTBopeHo Mope. I4arcocy ce npBe Qoxe eepoBarHo pa3Blrle y rorr,l'r{M eo4alaa,Qone
MOHaCH Lr3 CynTpO[CKrrX BO4a 4aHaC

A Myxjaqn ruopcK14x naBoBa cy BefilroA x(eHKlr. Oxn ce arpecl,tBHO nape, a MnaAyHr{],t 6neaiy cMpTHO SraX(eHll y nyAlrny napelba. ) Xenxa o6ta.{He Soxe (y ao.qr) rryflo KOp}|cT}| Ml,rpl,rca Aa npoHabe 6e6y y MHourBy MnaAyHaqa y iacnrqaMa.
a LICTOBpeMeHO TIIIHLI

u a
o o

o '6 c c

a
C 6

nocrajy perKe. Eajxa,rcxa Qoxa je jey AVHa ctartoBoaHa npcra rcoja)+il48n jeaepy y Cu6upy. Eajrca,rcxorra

O.rvnarre roulore
Mopcrca noaaje MHoro x,na4uuja oA QoKLrHe KpBpr, vuja relurneparypaMopaAa ce o4p)r(aBa l'ra37nC 4a 6z npexrzee,r.e. Apxrrlvne v aHTapKTLrvne Qorcevecro )KaBey BoAaMa vrajareuneparypa je w 4o -l,SoC, ZoK TeMrreparypa r'a31yxa
r4sljal rslrx MOXe Aa ilaAIJe MHO|O HLr-

,r.ar,,rarrczjov 4a 6u ce cMaH,Izoornop AoK oHe n,rueajy. fI pane Qoxe n,rzeaj y, vwjy r ajyhw 4eHMTe oM.a penoM eauaxyjy y cynpoTHoMcMepy o4 l.rohHux 3aMaxa3a4rber nepaja. 3a pas"traxyo4 yruarux Qoxa KoJe KopHcTe npe4rr,a nepaJa, [paBe Qone 4pxce npezll a lepaja 6rrzsy reaa 4on n,ueajy. One Ha KorrHy v,ory Aa rpeby KparKe pa3AathuHe,'uyseha'ro rny uysujajyhurpyaw u xapazqy. Cune Qorcexopucre nepaja 4a 6u ce rore^e Ha creHe, AoK npyracre Qoxe u Qorce r<pa6oje4r.r npeKo "reaa ny'ryjy )Kycrpo ce ysujajyhu.

xe. {,a 6z ce lrrzsulra.l,lr3oBao ry6nran Torrlore, Qoxe avajy qr,rlvHapu.rHu o6,rur<, ruro 3Haqu 4a je vnanMa Ha noBpIIILIHa Te a y KoHTaKTy Ca x^a4HoM oKo LrHou. (Done zrraajy c,toj caa,a (n,lacHor rnaea) no ueloM re,ry, r<ojrz rrfTkrT14rr,vxoBy Te ecHy TeM[epaTypy,

Porrerre
Kao z KorrHeHH clz'capla, Qone urnlajy rrayha, a He rrrKpre, rxro 3Haqrr ga Mopajy Aa 3a4plxe ,4ax AoK pone. llryha cy rzlr neha Hero Koa eehuHe KonHeHux cucapa. Ow.z 4wtty BeoMa 6pao 4orc cy

Ha rroBprrrnHa Aa oH KpB HanyHr4^e Y nocrre4rreu Ao4arlr,vtMKlrceoHr4KoM. TpeHyrKy, oHe rr3AaxHy Ba34yx v3 n,ryha npe 3apal+,arba. O6z.rHa rr rpeHlaHlcna Qorca rraory 4a poHe IreT MrzHyTa,a^r4 rroA Bo4oM je ro Mory 4a ocraHy r,r30 uuuyra, arco uorpe6Ho. Behe Qone 4yxe H34pxe no4 Bo4oM. Bezeaosa Qoxaje peKopAepca73 uuuyralo4 Bo4oM.Ona lroxe Aa 3apoHu 4o 4y6uua oa npeKo 600 u. Toxorr.r rlrx 3apan,arbaKpB r1rlprylarue caMo Kpo3 cpr1e, Mo3aKz na.yha. lly"rc ona4a ca HopMa^Hzx 50-60 orrcyqaja y Mur.yrvt Ha cBera l5 orrcyuaja. lloc.r.e Ayrux, 4y6oxr4x3apoHanorpe6an je nepHo4 olMopa Ha noBprrnrla,y rpajarsy o4 najrvrane90 uznyra 4a 6u ce uera6o,tr.rsala Bparrro Ha HopMa y.

I4cxpana
Behana Qorca,roeir pu6y, atu iray ^ ,4pyry xpaHy, yxnyuyjyhu r4rr aHKroH-

328

< v ooKa ca KpecroM ce paba

HA GAHTAMA }I

I U) c c (! O o <t)

"^

tu

cpe6pHKacro cltBe ie 6oie. Myxjaqu ne noMaxy y noAh3alby MnaAyHaqa, Koir4 o6nqHo cy caMu Ha nIaxh. Ogpacnu MyxiaK (gone) Moxe Aa u3BpHeyHyrpalrlbocr iegre KpO3 HO3ApBe Apyry Ho3ApBy Aa6n HanpaBro Bpeeny MeuI4Hy. Ta 6nsapxa HaBlrKa nM Kopl4cTr4 Aa 6n eacrpauunu Apyre Myx(jaKe.

r Mopcrr cnoHoBr4 Mory [o 3opoHe ,l250 go M/ ronxKo ie arcoro h uJKorEenHeehc. c K on n o H h H o I f l p e n o r o p c x P rM o p c K h n e o n o p [ u no 2 M h3 Bolte [o MO)<e ,qo HcKoqH nHHrBhHe tanhApyre +oKe 6n o6opuo h oAByKoot4xY BoEY. r Oore uecro ryroiy KoMerbe. HhKo onrauoryhe ie [o Nu ro He 3Hcl 30urro, nofroMo)Ke [o ycxrHe xPoHy,yHr,'luJTe rnoAN 5onoee:6or po3hre nnuy6noxe KOgO nOCTe.
nepaja. Kaaa joj 3anperl4 onacHocr ri frox(e^H 4a M^a4yHrre 3apoHlz, oHa nepajelr uracno n,bycHe rlo Bo4rl. Threa nalxtba je y anpercr Hoj cynporHocTrz ca TaKTrrKoM pa3MHO)I(aeama nojy ynpa)I{}baBa MopcKn cioH. no,la cy ro rIKo Ql.rsnunu pasfea ,\Hrrlira Aa ce (IvHvr l{"ao Aa ce paAv o lBe pa3llrr{HTe Bpcre. {,orc cy }I{eHKe
MODCKOI C OHA BI4TKC H AIIqC HA KO-

'Yr
L

a c E 6

a
F

cKe ,6ycKapeu MeKyrxue. Behzua QoKa frpe^a3r.rca JeAHe Ha 4pyry BpcII ()4 Tofa rrrra JoJ xpaHe, y 3aBHcHocTr,r je 4ocrynHo. Hene Qoxe cy ce cnequjaIpr3oBale. Ynpr<oc rbuxoBoM HMeHy, Qorcenpa6oje4u we jegy xpa6e (y rzu Bo4aMa rzx yorrrxre neua), eeh ce xpaHe , lro je spcra a p K T H q K r zK Mp H o B H M au 3oorrlaHKTona. Oone xpa6oje4e je4y MopcKr4 eonap4v. nojz cy ce npH atoAt4AI/I U 3a XBaTalbe fIHHfBHHa.

(Doxe 4yro nocre AoK ce pa3MHorfiaYajy w y cesoHlr MHrapeEa. Melyruu, MOpCKH C^OHOBH KOJrl CyreK rrpecTa^rr Aa cncaiy, ue je4y rrrrraBl4x 12 ue4ena 4oK yrre KaKo caMlr 4a ,toee. TorcoMnoc(uacue uarera, Qoxa rporxH A:,z,rrr44e pzje) us ca,ta.

llpaee Qorce 4ocrumy ro^Hy 3pelocr HaKoHqervpH foariHe. Io4rlnrma cesoHa rapeEa BapHpao4 Bpcre 40 BpcTe, ce nopalajy y a,trey cnanoj Bpcrrr )KeHKe ucro 4o6a fo4rrHe rzrape y6pso HaKoH rora. (Derycyrpe6a ZeBer Meceuv Aa ce paseuje, ra oA oxeHayca4rr'a eu6puoHa y MaTeprzqyoMorynaBa ol^afarbe paseoja 4a 6u ce cBe x(eHKer.icroBpen,raMeHo nopolnle Ha saje4Hr.rumoj xz. To 3Halru Aa ce cBV M aayHI1t4 pabajy saje4Ho y,rrcro 4o6a ro4une ruTOrrM flpy]Ka Bene ruaHce 3a onopaeax. Myxjaqn He rroMa)Kyy rro4nsar+,y
M a4yHarla H Ha n^alKe4o^a3e KaKo bH

n,r,a, o4pac,tr.ruyrxjar-1ucy rporecKHo H npeKo Jecer nyra eehn pasezjeHrz Myxjan MopcKor cloHa ce 04 ?rteHKH. sa repnroprzje Ha n^aAABnJaeKLl6opr 9uu r(eI-IKa xaMa 3a pa3MHolr(aBarue. crzrHe 4a 6vt ce ropozula, us6ujajy nojrl noxyrua6op6e rzruely rr,lyxjar<a. y xapeMe (t'pyne sajy n oKyne )KeHKe nol 3arurvrou je4Hor uyxja?r{eHKH na). Ilaperseje arpeoaeno.vyxjaura Kao Ii ce nape ca rpy4Hr.rM)KeHKaMa, xoje cy ce.ropolvle. Ano ce ca oHLrMa )r{eHKaonv pe, My}KJaK Je )r(ecroKo yrp v 3 e v a j e c v p u r ' t n o 4 c e o j u t t to r p o MHrzM Te oM. M,ta4yuqe qecro 3rlbeqe He3rparrHHr.tyxjaqu. flapen e HarHKace o4uuja vcnoA apxrur{Kor,te4a. M,ra4yHI-Iuce pabajy rroirerKoMfozt4He y nehHHaua -jac,tuuaMa [rcKonalJuMy cHery.

Bop6a 3a orrcraHaK
BenoeuN4a cy JbyAr4ca Qoxarra trMaltt o4Hoc rrcroBpeMeHe my6ayu rr Mp)r(E'e. tr4axo cy y HapoZHHM rlecMaMa v ereH4ava Qoxe rpvna3aHe poMaHTVqHo, hyAu cy AX o4yBeK AoBIz,\Iz. Zg,tos,baeame Hzje HVMa o npujarHo, a yrlaBHolr je 6u,r.o no4craKHyro TpIOBI{HOM Kp3HOM I'I rIOTpaX}r,oM 3a 70-ux r: rrrrxoBoM KolKoM. llo.rerxolr nporxlor eexa o6z.rHe H cr,rBeQoxe cy 6u,re ro,trzxo yrpolr(eHe y ceBepHvM BoZaMa Epzranuje Aa cy ca HeKIzx Mecra HecTa V cKopo cBIl M^aAyHr\r4. Majrce o6u.rnux Qoxa cy vecro y6ujaue ZoK cy noKyuaBaAe 4a saulrare ceoje M^a4yHUe y Bodu. Tpxzrure Qor<rlcrpofo HHM Kp3Hou QyuxquoHrrrxe rro saKoHy rroHy4e H norpa)(rbe. KaAa cy rhyAw npecralu aa xynyjy Kp3HeHe

PaeunoncaBarbe
Y uurepecy rr,ryxjanaQona je Aa ce ilape ca ruTo Brrure )r{eHKu,a^rr.caMo HaJ4oMHHaHrHwju ao5ujajy ry npu^r4Ky. je 4a nzue4pu Ilacae Hvrjaylora )+ieHKe v olHeryJe cBoJe JelrrHo M^alyHrre.

Mor Lr 4a nponaly naprHepKy. O6z.rse Qone ce rroHexaZ nopafajy y BoAu, a M aAyHrIH OAMax 3aE^rr BaJy. Apyre Bpcre ce pabajy Ha KonHy rr reK HaKOH TpH 4O areTrzpu He4eJbe Hayqe 4a txusajy. Beaa zanaely vajxz o6avue Qoxe H rbeHor M aAyHuaJe cHaI(Ha. M,ra4yHrre He Molr(e Ayro Aa ocraHe froz BoloM Lr I-j da orrr^t4Ba za^eKo, na ra rrajxa qecro Hocrz zsuely npelrbux

329

nPABE ooKE
6r'rr4e H qn3Nre, r'6njane je rrpecra,ro u 6u,ro je Aarro rrpHN4er{HTH 3a[rrr4THH 3aKOH.farrac ono 6pnlaucrinx o6a,ra B c l x ) B an r ( , H N r ae u u r e Q o n a r r e r u [ n u nx je 6u,ro 6aper.r \, rocie4rbrrx 1000 fo/'lr{Ha.

Yrpoxene
I

Bpcre

l lpeTeParrn .\oB n H3.\oB.baBalbe c\ cNrilIiH H ol)oJ HaTHr{a ca Br.rue cTo'rilua xu,iba.1a ua je4ua 5 500 xu,raaa oBux i+,rrB()]'rrrl)a rrzr riaHa4crrio\{4e-^\, AprtlHxa. Y Ba,lluqrioM MOpv, Harnri jc rreova vrl)olher u .16or (),,t,naraFba xeunjcrior' ()rrrarta, vrt"u'urjvfir.r H ualepttje Kao ul'ro c\' opraHoxr\opr.rHrr n( )Ar'ix,to pu;1u n 6rl (rcr rlr,lu. Ti r cy Hcr'Lr orrrr r;arafl;rrnavu rroju cy or,ll'oBOpnll lr lll cMrrr,ulraFbe u()u\'.taLrrria se.rnn o r ( r l t o j a \ r ( ) l xN n \ , " i t u a o r i , , , , 6 a . u r Iipr.r laHu.je. ( I ) () K a \ , t ( )nax H:t t()n.\Hx tlo4a ie ) r ( r J l l \ r l r o r ; l r l.l c t t , , ' u : r j 1 l e 1 3( a 1 r ar .e r , t l r .je riapr.rncrt:t <lroriaNr()nax n:t\/r\1I),ra o/'l 50-rlx r 20. u, rruje nutlerra rrrrje4na. Xlrrl{r'xa {rtrr<a vorrar.je r r lrrr;rieHa :. r \ r c ,l r n e p a I r ( r i l r l o r i l t v ( ) r r a x - j e ril)rrrtIrrje <ll6n-,rr n( ) \'r-pc)i{ier rar.,Aoe r<l cMarbn() rblrxou 6poj, a <poncvr>rracucy uapoqr.rr'o ()cer-,/br.rue rra rropcMefraje. Tpv4rre (rorie rrorrena.l vopajr' 4a cc rropal3:rjv ()t)llla\41 l r : tI r c (H | ) l ) l l f i MI r e u l ' r n r | | l M i lr . rrpelurre ari() ce 4<ljerr,e, M,la.1vrruHcc rte(..1.() ()ct.llB,,baJ\, /a vN{l)\,()4 r.r\44u.

6
E

(s o)
l

A Begenoea Soxa ocraje

noA BoAoM H no

73 ruunyre. Oxa
MOXeAa 3apoHr4 npeKo600 t'1. ) flpegaropcxn MOpCKyr neonapA ocHoBHy xpaHy, HaAonylbyje MnaAyHrluMa Qoxe xpa6ojeAa
U N14HTBHHhMA.

flpaee Qone npHnaAajy pe1y Carniaora H nopo4uuu Phocidae. llocrojrz 19 epcra y 13 po4oaa. ll6-490 cu. ,\yt<mruLat Ty cnaaajy: Mopcxn eeg (Erignathus barbatus) tDora rcpa6oje4 (Lobodon carcinopha gus) Cuna {oxa (Halicoerus grypus) O6*r.rna Qora (Phocaaitulina) flarnx (Pagaphilus groenlandi cus) Mopcrcr.r leonap4 (Hydrurga leptonyx) Mopcrn c"toH ca ceBepue xerlrucrQepe (Miro un ga an gtutiro stris) flpyracra Qorca (Histrio p hoca fas ciata) Pocona rforca (Ommatophocarossi) Mopcrcn c,ron ca jyxcne xeuvcQepe (Mirounga leonina) Be4e,rora Qoxa (Leptonychote s weddellii) 330

v npaBe$oxe noTuqy h3Tonnrx BoAa. PerKeSoKe

MOHACNT(HBE

U)

c G

y cynrponcKuM o6nacrnMa.

o o

u MopcKeKpaBe MopKeBu, AyroH3t4

Mopxeeu, dyeot+eu u m"opcxe npedcmaenajy yeporcene xpaee epcme JtulornubcKozc6en1,a u doxcytwoprceeu eepoeamu,o najnosnamuja eo deuacme operca, u nopcxe xpaee cyeeltunu dyzonsu n'ldu marce n6Hanxu.
epoBaTHo HaJlo3HaTlrJrr MopcKr4 clllcapv Ha cBeTy, MopxeBH, cy npe CBera IIperIOsHaT/bvtBvI rro

cnojrar"r Ayraqxr.IM K.rboBaMa, ua6opaHOJ KO)KI'I I4 rIeKI4tbaCTI4M OpKOBI4Ma.

Hacrarryjy Arrranrcxz oxeaH, BepraHroB Mopey3, 9yxvu rvrope, Cerepna Ar,ranrur n Cenepnz fTaquQux u o4
OKaIr,rTeTa VtM SABI4CVI t4 IbItXOBa Be-

Hajcuruuju MoplrceBurraBe y AHrrLrHa. Xa4con 3a^HBy,a najaehlr y EepuuroBoM Mopey3y ra9ynvu uopy.

Thuo r4e MoprreBrr rcrrBe

Mopxeau cy apyfrrraeHa 6uha xoja uacranyjy Mopa, atvr ce rroHeKa4 y Be r{KnM 6pojeear"ra ra3Blaqe Ha ocTpBa, caHTe-Ae4ar4 H Be uKe e4eHe rpoMa4e y o^r43lrHr,r 3oHa xparbeba Apxruuxor nojaca. I,Is6eranajy Aa uAy 4yotbeHa KoIIHo, cJecHPr 4a TaMoBpeoa ofracHocT 04 rpao,brrBarla Kao ruTo cy ByKOBTA VLAU CBr4rbe. 4urB,be VIarco cy BeoMa ApyruTBeHv, Myqaqv rz xeHKe eehu 4eo ro4r.rHenpoBe4y
-i c E

-9 o

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o lrJ

A Jaro Mop)KeBa xa crexoeuroj o6anuAnacxe. Mopxeen u3ra3e Ha KonHocauo KaAay 6nneuw HeMa caHTlr reAa, ( Mopxeen HarbyurKaua nuajy nsy3erHoocerrblrBe6proae roje xopttcre Aa noA BoAoM noqhpaiyxpaHy, Kaox 3a ueSyco6noKouyHxqxpalbe.
pae4eojenz, xpaHehra ce y uoce6nravr rpyraMa. Kaxo 6u ocvrypa u aoBorbHe KoAHrrr4He xpaHe 3a cBe u crapuju, u vaalv uyxjaqz xuse sace6no.Y npeMe cesoHe flaperba )KeHKe.ceoxyn"rajy Ha rpoMa4aMa IeAa, qeKaJyMylKJaKe H ce rrpr4rpeMaJy 3a rbuxoBo y4Baparbe.

Pencnu EcxpaHe Kog

MOprKeBa I4cxpana rr.roprRena ce yr aBHoM cacroja rrs pasHr,rxMexyrrraqa Kao ruro cy urlorbKe qaHquqe v Aartl,e rcoju xr.rBe y Mopr,rMaKoumuueum&Mrenonw4e. Mopxcenu ce xpaHe v Apyrvu BpclaMa becKr.rrrMelbaKa Kao IuTo cy Kpaoe,
TIPBH, IryXeBI4, IIIKaMITe, XOoOTHt4rIe

331

MopxEBr4, 14 MopcKE KeABE flyroH3r4

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ri MopcKn KpacraBrlu. 9ecro oBe rr pz6e, a HeperKo ce 4eruaBa 4a Mop)K HanaZHe u Qoxy. Yan u ,rern je nu4,rueocr no4 BoAOM C aOa, na Ce MOplKeBrz npH HKOM

a BefihHy BpeMeHa Mop)KeBu npoBOAey BOAlr,Kpefiyfir ce noMofiy 3aAlbr4xyAoBa lr Kopl,rcrefi[ npeA]be yAoBeKao cBojeBpcHoKopMlrflo.
rlotuTo AoNa3u 40 qerBepoMece,rrHor ol^ararba npe Hero txro ce on^orJeHo yMerHey 3vl Marepr4qe, a cBec JaJaruue
rIVJbeM Aair.efjK,a AOHeCe M aAe Ha CBeT

rparaFba3a xpaHoMoc,ramajyHa ceoje ucraHr{aHorrylo ao4Llpa. lIpe4ruH 4eo rbyrxKenMJe npeKpHBeHTaHKoM oceTJtHBoM Kox{oMfi 450.rexrarbacrr,rx 6pnona rcojurr.ra o4pebyjy r4e ce n eH Ha,rasu. C,\z.ruo Kao r{ cB}Irbe,Mopx(eBr,r rrpe4rbllM za4e5matruwtAe,toM lbyruKe poBape y norpa3n sa pauzhuua.

uecerru, Hoherpaje AocraAyro,15-16

flopo4nuHlr lrrrBor MOpXCeBa

BehlrHa )KeHKH ioqzme Aa ce napt, Kaaa.HanyHv 6..ro4uua x(uBora, AoK lryxjaqu nocrajy 3pe V ren oxo 15. roavHe. Y jauyapy z Qe6pyapy cnane fo4lrHe,ce rpy[e ?IteHKHv M^aAyHaua Bpana y 3oHe naperba y rpynaMa. Ceany rpyny nparh HeKo llKo vyxjarcanoju n,nznajy y o6,tuxrruM BoZaMa. Kano 6u HaBe u )KeHKe Aa HM ce npuApyr\e, uyxjaqrz y BoAw H3BoJe 3oB, 'Kyrlarbe' 'seomeme' ro3Har Kao n noja 'KlrixoBt4l'aa' v'3Bla)xAyce cverr,yje ca
UHMA HA IIOBDIIIIZHI4.

y npo"rehe c,reAehe rollrHe rrorrrro ce Mope y ToM nepHo4y ro^aKo 3arpeBa Te MAaAyrILr n"rajy 6ome uraHce AarrpexrrzBe.M,ta4z Mop)r( 3aBucrzo4 uajrce, cBe AoK na4aje peq o MIeKy vsarrJTkr'rtr, oHa He oKorlr lpyror *ura4yurya. Ra4a ro4HHe MAaAr4 HanyHe TpvvAvt rreTprpr4 MoplKeBrz nanyrurajy najrcerz npvApy)rcyJy ceJaruMa Apyrr4x MyrrlaKa. 14xenxe, u lryxjaqu Kopacre KJboBe xao currl6o,rrcrapeilrrrHcrBa vr craryca. npBe Ha3HaKeK,boMxa4u Mop?KeBV va 4o6ujajy :xa4a HailyHe 18 rraecerlu. IbrzxOeu rOpIbII. OrIlbaIILl Ce BpeMeHoM rrpo4ylnaBaJy 14Hanoc^eTKy rrpepacrajy y K,boBe. Ceu xao Kopr{cHo opyxje, Mop)KeBr4Kopricre K,4,oBerr 4a HanpaBe pyne Ha ^e4y 3a loToK Ba3AyXa v^u l/-ao noMara^o rrpulr4-

Mopcrce Kp.rBef,e BtrAe4o6po, re ce no4 no4onrrecro cy4apajy. I n6,o 18.neraie nocroia,raiom ie4narpcra rrspoAac4peuano ruery Cre,repora MopcKa xpara. Ory npcry cy ucrpe6x,tn,rorqr. I I{axo ror,oBe MopxeBa 4e,ryiy Kao Aa cy HaMeEeHe oaKorrarre,oxe y crBapn nacraiyy crpxy o4pelnrana ApylnrBeuor craryca. t MaAa cyKpyrrnrr rl cxit rrrrr, MoptBu cy lrecro rr es ajry.raua, xxrornua-y6nqarra n rroaaPHnM MeAaeAnMa. r HeraAa cyUluynruy6wiam Mopx(eBe e6or rrrxolor Meca,yrba tr Koxe, a oA x/bora cy ce pee6apnatr Maorr rpeAqquona,rEf, npe4ueru. [anac cex,sore npo4aiyrypacmua. B,ram CAA onai sanar cuarpa lrsyoerEo suauainnn ra eronou$y llrrynra.

Mylxjauu uopxeen He Mory Ha crr^y Ha rpo4a oKpyx(e x(eHKey.3aMKy,Jep MaAan|'Ia ^e4a frocToJe MHorrl a TepHaTLIBHIa v3ta3vr sa 6er rr MaAacy uyxjarILr MHoro xpynnzjz, npuna4uurlu o6a IIo^a cy no4]e4HaKo BeruTrl no4 BoloM. Myxjarlz crora npvB^ave xenxe lrelyco6nzu 6op6aua y rcojzvra noxyuraeajy Aavciloroe ceoje cnocoOnocru. Ha ocHoBy rora )KeHKe 6upajy ceoje rzsa6paHr{Kex Hacryila rraperbe.llepzo4 rpya.7.t2

KOM I43BAaqerr,a Ha CaHTe V KpeTalr,e no ^e4y. Mopxeeu ca Haj4ylKHM K-lsoBaMa AOMuHVpaJy rpyfloM, rra y ToM cMrzcly o64apeHz uyxjaqz qecro nosupajy naxo 6rz ocrarKy jara 4a"ru ua 3Harbe ceojy cynepr4opHocr. Mopxeez ca xpahulr KroBaMa ce noBlalre, a 4er{ Mopcrce KpaBe IIIaBa Ce u AACe lBa MOp?KaCa K"4,OBaMa _{vronsn clzrrHe Ayrv.rvrHe cyro6e. OeaKeo nosullyroH3h r{ MopcKe KpaBe cy o HCKH pame je qecro noKperav rr.re[yco6uux pof aqz uely eo4envMcvcapvrMa rcoja rrpu;;a4ajy r4 r'rcroM po4y: S'ireni.a. cyxo6"'saearr,a. Cpehou 4e6e,ta xoxa !,u-

Mopir(eBrzMa c^y)I(u r.rKao npaBo 3arxTTITHO Ole O,jep Cnpe.rara HacraHaK oslummwjux rroBpega. Xuma4ava ro4larra cy tr4uyuru troBLr rr Mop)IreBe360r xpaHe u o4ehe. Excn,roaraqyia oa crpaHe HeKVX4pyrrzx Hapo4aJe 4oBe^a noJe4vHe Bpcre Ha vB]?|\y lrcrpe6Jbelba.Mopxeeu cy AaHac aaruTlrheHuAxmon o 3aulmumu t+topcxuxcucapa (1972) n je Aoilr^o 40 orropaBKa ceBepHofrar]zQttvre BpcTe, Mop)r(eBucy vl a^r{ ceBepHoaMepnqKr.r yrpolKeHa BpcTa. AaJbe

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3yEkt POAA 'SIRENIA',

Kpaue wniy ry6 e ,{yrousn u uop cKe xoiu cy cueurenrr na saAEeM Aeay Blr^-lrqe rr cayx(e3a M^eaebexPane. flomro uxore 6nsxe caApr(eu a6parnnnu uarepuia,r, xao mro ie crtrmryniyu-4rr oKcrrA,ey6u nropcxe KpaBe ceHerrpecrarro troMepaiylnarrpeAca I uu uece'rrro.Ka4a 4o$y peAaoHrr ncua4aiy u Ao rrpeArber 6nnaiy sanrerenrrHoBuMa.

A flyroHr ce xpay nnufiaHr HOfiy Ky rAe MopcKa rpaBapacre y npon3o6nrby. pebeHa rpaBaie
c],|rHafl noBuHMa o Kperaby )r(lrBOTUlba.

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) fiyroxr je 6nnoje4,na plr6aMox(e cflo6oAxo AannuBay beroBoM ApyllrrBy.

MopcKe KpaBe ce PerKo yAarbaBaJy oA c aTKoBoAHHx craHr,firrTa v y Be^r.lKOM 6pojy c,ryvajeBa ce r,rory Hahu 4y6orco y yHyTpaurrbLr M ToKoBHMa peKa. Alragoncxa MopcKa KpaBa ce H34eojr.r,la nao eace6Ha Bpcra 3a BpeMe (npe 2 ao 5 MH vtoHa nlevcrorleHa ro4uHa) KaJa cv ce ycle4 By KaHcKe aKTHBHocru rz3/Hr H AH4u r.r raxo Ton peKe Alrasou. IIpe rrpoMeHlrlz TOra ce AvaroH y HBao y jyxHe eoae Tizxor oneaHa,loK ce /,aHac ylr{Ba y ceBepHe eo4eAnaHrcKor oKeaHa. /auac aMa3oHcKe MopcKe KpaBe He no4Hoce Mopcxy BoA\/ u Morv ce sarehuje4uHo y pequ AlrasoH H rbeHHM npr.rroKaMa. xH4parr,rMa.AvaaoHcna MopcKa KpaBa ce.yrnaBHoM xparrH MopcKoM TpaBoM KOJapacTe frPlr rroBprxr4Hr4. Mopcr<e KpaBe cKla4rzure eHeprr.rJv v BHI\/ ca^a r{oJe HM c,\y;+iH H ria() 'rorllorHa r.rgcl,lauHia.Hac,Lare ca,la HM rroMaxy H 4a npeopoAe neplro4 nocra, j e p a v a s o H c K eM ( ) p c K ex p a c e v o p a j v . l a npe2finBe nyHHx 6 r'recequ 6es xpaue y cyrxHoM nepHoAy. Mano ce 3Ha o [opo4urrHoM xrJBory 4yroHra,Jep cy BeoMa cTr44thvBa cTBoperaa roja Hacrartvjv a1'6oxe MvrHe eo4e. Y perKHM crzryaqr.rjarr.ra KaAa ce MOIV BHAeTH, O.Be ;+iLlBOTHrbe Cy CaMe v^r4 y ApynTBvJOrx cToTHlbaK lyroHfa.

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ury Ha n^yna,4oJe
qLrTaB X(IIBOTHIi BeK

M aAe n frpoBole
y BO4Ii - CaM|j llAll

y jaruva. MHorn AyAH norperrrHoHaMopcKoMKpaBoM,lep ?aBaJy4yroHra je ro repur.ru rcojr,nr ce yr,taeHou o6e,rexasajv cBe )riHBorHrbepola Sirenia.

Cranr,rrure
Je4uua Bpcra lyroHra Hace,baBa rponcr{e Bole HcrorrHe AQpnrce, Aer.rje, Aycrpa,tnje u Hoee fer.rHeje. llocroje 'r'pv BpcTe MopcKHX KpaBa: 3arra4Holtr4rljcna MopcKa npasa xoja HacerbaBa jvroucron CeeepHe AuepHKe, ceBepHe A,e oBe Jyxlue Arr,repune u Kapuncnu nojac: aQpnvxa MopcKaKpaBaxoja nacerbaBa o6a,re 3ana4He AQpune og CeHefala 4oAurorre H aMa3oHcKa MopcKa KpaBa noja Hace,naBa peKy ANrasoH. Cee xneorurbe n3 Bpcre clrpeHa, ceM a M a 3 o H c K eM o p c K e K p a B e . u a c e n a e a j y ecTyape c^aHe rr c aTKe Bo4e LI npHo6a,tspr nojac. 3a pas,rr.rxv 04 AyroHra KoJu ce oTrzcKyJy u Ha oTBopeHo Mope,

Xparra n xparberbe
K p a B en a o 6 r l n o j e 4yroHeu H MopcKe Al1 ilpe4cran,rajy usyseran rraelv uopcKLrM cucapuir,ra. Kpehy ce nolaKo ron,tulr n,LrlhuM BoAaMa,H TaKo rxre/e eHeprujv rorrrro ce xpaHe pri3oMHMa Mopcxe rpaBe noja je 6orara yrrbeHo- L l

3aje4nzqe

MopcKHx KpaBa

Mopcr<e KpaBe ?r{HBe v rrpoMerbrzBaM eaje4Hzqalra rcoje ce vc,le4 rrecrr,rx noahux lrvroBarba li ce3oHcKrzx MHrpaquja KoHCTaHTHouemajy. To cy He)KHe xirzBoTrrrbe KoJe qecTo rro,bynur,rMa paaruerryjy HexiHocru. llpuna4Hrlqu

333

MopxEBr4, AyroH3hytMopcKEKnABE

llocroja je4na Bpcra Mopll{eBa, je4na epcra 4yronra r{ Tpri Bpcre MopcKux KpaBa. MOP]I( (Odobenus rosmarus) ,, *\ytxnxaz uyxjaqra 2,9 -3,2 uetapa'i. : )r(eaKe2,5 - 2,7 Merapa Texnsa: uyxcjaqr,r 795 - | 210 xr )KeHre 565 - 830 xr 4'TOHf (Dugong dugon) {yxnuazl-4ue-rapa Texsna: 230 - 900 rr MOPCKAKPABA 3ana4woun 4ujcKa Mopcna KpaBa (Trichechus manatas) Arppraura Mopcxa KpaBa (Tlichechus senegalensis) AillaeoHcra MopcKa KpaBa (frichechus inunguis) ,{yxcuna: 2,5 - 4,6 Merapa Tbxuna: 350 - I 600 rcr

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( Ogpacna MopcKaKpaBaca MnaAyHrlr4Ma. V 3a epeMexraAHnx jyrapa MopcKe KpaBeycnpaBHorexe y BoAl4 noraKo ca ]byuKaMa BaHBoAe 14 noMepajyreno Hanorbe.
o6a rro,r,arp,r,ajy reuzra,ruje o no4BOIHa MeCTanpe4BHrJeHa 3a TO U TaKO ocraBrbaJy xeML4JcKynopyKy KoJoM ce tpyre MopcKe KpaBe ynyhyjy Ha npucycrBo rrpnnagHriKa Zpyror no.la. Ka4a Je ,r(eHKa cnpeMHa 3a rrapeEe oKo r[e ce cryn,rajy na AecerhHe vyxjaxa nojr,r cy cnpeMHr,raa joj ce yaeapajy. HanoH vajxa AoHocu .roAtlHy 4aHa, Ha cBe'r' je4Ho MAaZyHqe. M.r.a4yHr1u ce noqr4rry xpaHHTn MopcKoM TpaBoM y npBoJ He4er,H cTapocTr,r, a,\H HacTasnajy aa cncajy lrajvrlHo M eKo cBe ao 18 nrecega. {,ee ro4uHe ocrajy ca n,tajnavau rar{o yqe o pyraMa xoje eo4e 40 4oopnx 3OHa 3a xparrrerbe. Xenne crvrry spelocr r.ranely 8. z I8. ro4Lr He. I4ar<o nu je xaeorurz BeK lo 5 0 r o a r z H a .o H e 3 a r o B p e M e y c r r e c a j y 4a Ha cBer ZoHecy 5-6 wra4yHaqa.

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O4noc ca Jbyg:anaa
C v r . a r p ar e 4 a j e 4 y r o u r : 6 r o H H C r r H p a IIITJa CTapOfprrKoM Mr,rTy o aTpaKTptBHlrM cupeHaMa, o4Ho-cHo 6nhy noje qHJeJe MHJ e [ o A y ] K e H a , n o ^ y p t 4o a v O3ByTIHO IreBarbe XTZTTHOTUCaIO MOprrape H npri3aBalo 6po4oee y:,ly r<o6 Ha creHaMa. Oee npzve Hr,rcycrtpequle AoBue \4o4epHor Ao6a Aa roroBo t4crpe6e h 4yroHre. r,rMopcKe r<paee noje cy HeKa4a y Be HKoM OpoJy Hace^aBar.r cBer. Ha necpehy, rr,HXoBo Meco ce cMarpa rrpaBLlM 4elzKarecor,r. CnyeaHO y COICTBeHOMCaIy, MeCO MOpCKrlx KpaBa \4eceuu Ma ocraje cBexe. tra He
JJ4

r{riE,eHrir]a H3HeHarJyJe 4a cy MopHapri y 17.eeny y5vjatv.r Ha croruHe xLubaAa

MopCKIlx KpaBa V c a II rI'IIIXOBO MeCO

Ovynarre Bpcre
flpoaaja MecaaMa3oHcKe MopcKeKpaBe je sa6pameHa,apn6apu rcojnzx c,tyvajHo.yxBarey ceojunrMpe?(aM^a ce oxpa6pyiy Aa vx o4Max oca.o6o4e. 3aruruhene MopcKe KpaBeHacraFbyjy 5 npHpo4HHX pe3epBarayArrrasony. OHe Hacramyjy u HeKeBeuraqKe pe3epBarey xojnna ce xpaHe eereraqzjov rcojan:ryra Bo4oM. Bee uopcHux KpaBa ro4a 614 oct'rpoMarrrH a KHceoHHKoM u ycraja"xa ce. a rypoHHeMOTOpa ou CeOrrrTeTHe BOAOHTTKcy.nQuaov roju Hacraje pa.cnazabeM
BC II KC KO LIIII'IHC BCICTAIIIZ IC.

y Eepony pa4unpo4aje. Oeaj aaHarje

I43yMpO,aNuCe OB HaCTaBHO,fiaCe 4aH a c4 y r o H 3 l r H M o p c K e K p a B ec v a r p a j y yfpolr(eHrzM BpcTaMa. Mopcxe KpaBe He Bri4e o6jer<re xojn ce xpehy BehoM 6peuuou, na crora He Mory ga yMaKHy 6pszu 6po4oerzrua. loroeo rrerBprvHa norepleHzx clyuajeea norzbrzje MopcKHX KpaBa ce ZerxaBa y BoAaMa HeZa eKo o4 (D,r.opa4e yc^e4 cy4apa ca MoTopHriM rraMr,IVMa.

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Kumoeu ycanu cyjedne od tnjeefuu rculornulba, nn, Sennu. Mejy rcuna je unjeeha Jrcu*ornutbarcojaje uxada Jtcvrlelvr,tultreu Kurn. Oea nelrcnn, uHtnenu?ewrnwa cm$opetuace ,cparue fuuIH,KfnoHoM, HluMabu,Lt JtcuSltht cmeopercu,na y oneany.
ITOBA Cy MOpCKrr CI"lCapId, TOIT O-

I Fp6aan xur je Beceo, axpo6ara r AoBorbHo cHaxaH Aa ce BnHe x3HaA aoAe. Y Axrapxrnxy ce oH xpaHgl KplfnoB9tMa, ann Ha ceaepxoj xeuucSepn noeu pn6y xao urro je 6axanap unn mxhyxm.

KpBHacrBopena uujr,rcy rrperlu HeKa4a)KriBe u Ha nonHy. llocToJe 4Be pa3^r.rqr4Te rpyle; KrzToBLr ca sy6uva, y noje cna4ajy 4ettQuau, u KrzroBrz ycaHe. llonyr KonHeHux cucapa,.cBh KHToBH fAnwy Ba34yx n 4oje cBoJe MAMyHrIe, a^Ll.oHrl Cy KpO3 eBo^yrIL\y pa3Ba I'I CrerjrrJaiHe cTpaTerrzJe 3a )KLIBOTy MOpCKOM oKpyrKerby. llpu,tarolaeane KuroBa ycaua je QaHTacrrzrrHo. Ourz cy orpoMHH, a nlaBpr nur je najeehz od cBlrx ca rpoceqHoM 4yxHHoM o4 26 v H TeIKHHoM oa 150 roHa. A.ua nocroju je4au 4o6ap pa3lor 3arxTo cy ollr To^rzKt'r: TeMrrepaTypa eo4eje o6zqHo MHoro Hurrta 04 KHToBe TeMnepaType TeAa, Te cy TaKo oHu, Kao I4 Ocfa.^r4 BO4eHH CI4CapI't,CyOTIeHI.I Ca pr43HKoM o4 ry1urrca relecHe reMnepaType u yuupa;+,a o4 xla4uohe. MelSyrau, Be^J..rKrz npe4Merh uruajy uaruy noBprxrrHy y nopelemy ca MacoM;rano ga Be,tHKe )KHBorr4Fbe ry6e utaroe ronlor e nero eehe. Kuroeu ycaHLr. cy r{cnoprrcrrr rr cBoJyBe^r.rquHyKao eBo yTrrBHynpe4Hocr

YCHE NAOIINIIE
A OA canx KlrroBa ycaHa, rp6aeu Klrr l,rMaxajrpy6run ycH}| anapar. l-narxn KrroBl,r nuajy xajaefie ycn. Ycra xajeefier rflarKor Klrra, rpeHraHAcKoE ce cacroie og cnojeea ycn AyraqKnx no 4 m. )r{r4Bora y naAy caBl4aBarby npo6,rerr,ra HrzM Bo4aMa. Onu cy crBopeHrz Aa [rrede eueprujy.C,toj ca,tanojz cnyxn Kaor4solareMrrepaur.rjanu ouoryhyje 4a o4pxtanajy rypy re a usuely 36 u 37"C. Ko4 rpeHrtzra raj c,nojcneurzja,rHor ,naH4cKor ca;ra je 4e6eo u ao 50 cn. To ca"no, uelyrun, nvje unpcro Be3aHo3a KuroBe lruurzhe. Ono ce ua,ro yru6a nonyrjacryna. To ouoryhyje orpouHoM KLrry 4a ce ,naxoxpehe Kpo3Bo4y6es rrrHoro ryp6y;reHurzja u rano ce rxre4u AodarHaeHeprraja. Ca,to ce cx"taAvrnrr4 v y JeTpv,a y KocrrrMace qyBaJy yrba. BeArrKe Ko^uqrzHe
Ycu

ycAHr4 KilToBr4

KHTOBI4

YCAHII

Karonn ycaga rrpnrra.4aiy pe,iry Cetacea,hoa,peai Mvsti"c'eti. flocroiu 10 npcri y 5^poTiorau 3 uopo4uqel

TAATKI{ KIITOBU neuajy.nefno nepaje

EE BpaTrre Haoope. IlociojeSnpcrdy2 Po4a.

A Cer,l Kxra qecro Meuaiy ca Epaj4oaum KlrroM. pa3nrKa OcxoeHa ie y roMeuro ce14 ]/|Ma jegaxrpe6exna rnaBt ,a Epajgoe hMa rp!r.o6a xrra Mara. cy penaruBHo l4uajypaaxanebaca ollTpolr3BuieH!rM nepajeM, nebHuM Ha6opu HaBparycex KuraAocexy Ao nepaia, anlr KoA Epajgoeor Aocexy AOnynKa. je xajuarur ) Mr,tnxr,r KltTOBa oAcBl4X ycaHa !r 360rrora cy fa Matbe noBllnl,l Hero ocrane. oH aoBxnpeTexHo Hofiy, a HaceBepHoi xeMuc$epu Myje rnaBHa xpaHa E rpeHnaHAcKx cHeTaq, je ll nrturxuja MnaAyrqe .9 Ayro3MHapobeby a HaKOH 1!ro ie y ! MaiquHojyrpo6ll npoBeno 10ueceqn, o Mna4yrrece on6nia KaAa HanyHx oA cl,rce ner Meceqlt, m
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kIarco cy KrzroBrr ycaHl4 Be I{KI{, oHr{ He uopajy Aa ieAy ro HKo MHoro Ko L{Ko o a 6ucre oqexaBatr no muxoeoj Be,nHqH-E o Hr4. fbnxoea Qzrno,tonrja noja urre4n o eneprujy crr,rabyje Ko HqHHy xpaue rcoja - q rau je norpe6Ha ga 6u ozp)KaBalll Tonlory. Khrosu ycaHr ce xpaHe n aHKo rouorr,r.Te n,nyrajyhe 6z,t'ne il rrl,IBorIrrle je cy Haj6oraruju H3Bop xpar-re xojn aocryrraH MopcKr4M cvcap.ar.ra. Melyrula, n aHKTos6or vnnpocKoncKe Be pITIHHe Ha, npH^nqHo Je TeuKo Aa ce caKyfir4 loBo,bHo Aa 6v ce oZ rbera ?KnBe o.
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{ Jegraxu npxpoAHll xenpujarertcuaor xrra je xm y6n4a roju uoxe ga HanaAHe 6ecnomofixo KaAace MnaAyH'{e. ro Aeclr,oApacne je4rnxe ce nocraBe uoue$yy6xqe u MnaAyHqa. IloreraA H qena rpyna y6nqa Hanaga oApacnor
Cl,lBOfKITa.

Y(r'ra, KoJIr ce :t()B\' \/0r, TaFo 4a NroTrieia ,+iHBH XpaHefi u cc ncK,t,\'qr,rBo fr,\ar r li rl )rrou. Ha(loltn n:l llrM ycrrHM rr,\(xrHq2tr\,r:r il:lr: e4aJv rrorrvl' rrcrr{r4, ar\u (pvrrrir]fi()KA()ue^u,/ltia. ltK() ulro lr.r4u,rjltjr r . \ n H F . l ( ) H l . . r . rr { r r l l l t ( u ( ' n r j a t t ; r o . r a : r u KP():J KIjTOrr:r \'("r'il :|a BPc\,re \p2Hrelr,il. J'cu utrcv r r:tc l lt,\c o4 llr'6a, Hcr'o o.'1 r{iltJopa Ha Heilrl\: P : u r - ' r n q u l e u l x r . r ' c r i l r 1 1 ) B : rv c a H a c v l ) a r i l l i l A c c B o l a ) ' c ' r ' ar [ r l ) i l : ] _ ^ r J ( r H T H e arililrc, ir cllarta cy ce lrl)r1^ltr1)4r.r^a xBa|aH,y l):ir|, \ U r I I , lr H X l ] l ) C | i t i l - A a r r n T o H 2 l . H a ra j il:rrrrlrr cy Be-\r.il(H riu t()lilr vcarrrr veflt'Hntl\

t o(rrro rrir4e.'\n.\ fu r : i u ( ) lx ) p a H e .K r rr r i i i r rp 3 c a 1 1 \ ' r - a r r h i l(\r r i,l ( ) p rr ,r r r r v r r a 6 o l ) r r N r a

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A Fp6aen Knr ca Aruacre noHeKaA 36yrbyie pr46y raKo luro HcnoA iara lrcnyuTa Mpe)Ky Mexyprfia l,|3cBoilrx
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je /'1o IIotll)Hlr uaj.rurre v l1t0(ic rt ()4rrOcc Balrl'lvxrr() rrl)r]rJ lrrlrrre 4a (irr r;4ltxrrv,r:r rn''r. Ee6a Kir'r' rcr\tr ,4c6c-,rrr c"^oj clL\a 4a jc litulr-rr.r'rrort x.rir,.'lnoftc,il Frrenr) ;t11(llrr,c H rr,\ilrlail,c .jc ilevcri.raflerro. (c xl)arrcr t rlrrrvftr.rrraj.rutrrr N'l.r:r4r,rrrp.r M;\cK() H 6p:ro rurrrpcTtl'jyArn y ll)()rr( : r t H M M ( ) l ) H M l rr r c M i r M r r ( ) r r ) x p a i l c : | 1 1 ()rr volxrjv ,,tir ( ) / ' l l ) l ( A (l 'r r r ( ) l r ( ' . u()(-r('
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A fp6aera Krr uMa Mano penHo nepaje, ann nua ulrpoKa nepaia ca crpaHe r HaiAy)KepenHo nepaje oA cBl.rxKl4TOBa, KOAOApaCn[X je 4yrO E i! u Ao 4 M. Mox(e Aa ocTaHe noA 9 BoAoM 20 nannyra. E
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{ Jyxnra marK}r KrlroBta AoK ce nape. KoA napeby rflaTK[x Kl4TOBa nperxoAl4 3apoH yABapalba Koix HaqnHl,l )KeH Ka. TOrOrrA naperba
)}(eHKXHO TenO qeCTO

titt't,tiojrr r.rl'rr,,r,lrjr' \l)iir rl rr()rroul)urrrrfr o r r o 4 t 'f.I \ i l r l r r i r r r . r r t ' 1 1 : r jH l p( ( ' n r i l r l o c c x r r u r t v | v l a l b a . O r r L l,q V i l ( r f p e o n , a r l u j|v I'yr4jy ()r'l)()Mtrc r{olHrrurren()/1ct1 o
o u . \ : t H H r { ) u ; rl i l r i { ) l l t ( ) u : u t i l A ; l i \.'i i l n t o {,rt) ( r r \ ru \ l ) (} (r \ ( ) r ( r i () r ' v a t c l l r t j r t . r : rr t t I ('r-ll2lHe fi.,\u o/l():i4o. Henu liu l()rlll ! E Iiol)ucre o6c rcxrrrrrie. ) t u u : r r r a p a r . j c r c a i : i r i ,r a n o / , a N r r .(r) u i r E gl c Ir\aBa N,IoPa 11a(rr71c({roBapaivttc tc/irrHe Ja 6u rrol:,r:r4a rro4l)7riH1'\,1'e;rl.rrr\'. K r , 4 r . \ l i l i H \ r < H r r r s : r4 ' ()9o \'ri\ilil(' 'le^a (Yl\ar,il ila r^aBy,a Bl)a|rrH 4ylliHne rrl)rxrbeHoBhcv HM cl)ac^H 4a bH M()[ H rriH III)I,ITHCaK. /,1ano4Hecryt-(),Ar (lru riuronl.r llrrrprrpa-jr:'lir rrrrjc "t:attrr ()eCIJII-tHO lilItrC,

npxApxaBa Apyr}l MyxjaK. 3pena xeHKa ce KoTH cBaKe ABe Ao Tptl roAuHe u aMa nephoA recraqxje oA 10 nnlr 11 MeceqH.

) Kaaa ce poAe, MnaAyHql4 rnaTKor Kura cy AyraqKx 5 M. Majra xur vecro npxApxaBa HOBOpObeHqe Ha .\\' Bell YCTa-rbeIl(), IIa,{icBojHM nebHMa!l .bllB{) lC\lll}ll)llll() n\ f{)Balbe n.trtCf.lr nepaixMa AoK oHo He o ( l n . t , a x l ) i u r e v n () 4 a \ { a . \ p r i ' r ' n n l l r no'{HeAa nnHBa.6e6a A r n a l l r i r H r o H r l ) ( ) l (H H XM ( ) J ) \J x o j r n r a MOpaAa 3apoHl,r l,rcnoA ce pa3MHoTriarlalY. MajKecBaKHnyr KaAa ( lj\\4 KH roeH \r'anH ( c l)a:r\4Ho;F.aRa ce xpaHH,an],|ycKopo ' () . 'rpH t.o4Hrre. cTeKHe AOBOTbHO JeAHOMCBaKHX 1'ilre V.AU KaJa cc \4ajriir uol)( )4H. n( )va;Ae .j()j caMonoy3Aalba '(ra6r.rqit' HeKo,\rrKo ApvfHx riH r'orizl Aa nperBopx x r l r r n P H , t l l ; r i a n a . jtrl q 6 1 , t o F ic c n ( ) \ t i L l , a xpalberbe y ],|rpy.

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Arcaft,e. BeponarHo r,rx uzje ocraio Br,rure oa I 350 y rreloM ceery. )I{nee y n rrrKnM BoAaMa A 3vwn ce cele rca exnaropnjalHr,rMBoJaMa 4a 6u ce pa3MHorraBair{. Majna 4ojn cnor M^aAyH\a oKo roar4Hy AaHa v Bo/,H paqyHa o rueuy jour ,nr'e uxu 'rpu ro4vrue AoK araHo nyryje oKeaHHMa. fl;tasr KllT Kao z ceu 6pas4acru Kr,rroBll, rr aBn KLrr je eurrca )KuBorrdrba ynpKoc ceojoj reau-

fl.irasu Krrr Molne Aa jr.laBur 4o 80 ro4rarra. Ilourro je y npoirrr ocrtr.HeMnlocp,4r aBH KlrTJe CMa yrpoHO Ut3AOBJbaBaH, )KeHa Bpcra. On cexcyarrHo He ca3peBa AoK He 4ocrvrHe Aylnurry oA 23 u, a )KeHKe pa\ajy caMo cBaKe rpehe ro4uHe. Axo ce ocHoBHa xpaHa rr aBor KLrra, AnraprrzvKrr Kpr4 He 3arrrrr,rrLr oA ucrpe6",rerra s6or sarafena, uarro je BepoBarHo 4a he oH vtnaA 4ocrnhpr HeKa4arurby 6pojHocr, 6z,r.o Aa ce vNr4 IJe. KOMeprIrrJa HH J\OB HaCTaBLT

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rogrHanpnMepq}r nnaBorKlrra { npe MHoro cy peAoBHo Aocrrrcarr AyxxHyog 33 M.36or npeTepaHor noBaBehlHan'|aBuxKr{ToBa oA 26 M.Ilonaxy ce f,aHac Aocrxxe gyxr,rHy HaAe oMoryh]/|Trr Aa he sarox o KrTonoBcrBy nnaBOM Kxry Aa nOX],|Btl AOBOTbHO AyrOAa HeKagSuftby Benx'{xHy. CBOiy AOCr]|rHe

TIAABII KTIT

{ Kocryp rnarKorKilra.fnaBaKxra ycaHa y oAHocy BefllrKa Ha ie BeoMa rero nouro Brflrqe Mopaiy Aa ce ycHoM npxnaroAe anaparyKoil,r ie BeoMa Benr,rKl,r. FnarxuKr,rToBu cy ynona Marbll nnaBrx KuToBa. oA orpoMHux
3OoI qela KUTOBHneBaJy; HaJMy3LIKaIHHJH .runu. flo4 rberoBoM 6pa4or"r cE Ha,rasll Hus Ha6opa, u,ru BparHHx naovuqa, xoje ce HacraB-L.ajy ao croMaKa. Ka4a nur ychca BoAy, Te n or{Hqe ce uupe 4a 6n 'rroeuny', ll"raspr HanpaBH e Mecra 3a KHT HMa npH,\UrIHO fpyOe qeKI,IIr,e Ha ycvMa v xpaHrr ce roToBo rrcKJbyqvBo KpH OBvMa, TO Cy 'KHBOTrrrbHrIe HaIrlK pa.ruhurnra rcoje rxraee y BoAaMa Anrapxrnrca rorconajyxHor,rera. llrragl4 KrrroBH raxo 4o6po Hanpeayjy xpaHeha ce KpHoBaMa 4a He MopaJy 4a ce xpaHe AoK ce ce e H H AoK ce Ha a3e y TponcKHM BoAaMa s6or paer*ruoxaBarba.

Mysuvap u ar<po6ara - ro wuje 6aru cy v3J:^e4aycar4rbeHH r'ry}Kjaqr.r.flecrtaa 6n BepoBaraH orrlrc Kvra rcojuje Ayr H3Me- MOf a 4a oyle HeKa Bpcra cpe4crBa 3a Yly 14 u l7rrr u rerrcu 65 roHa - a^u necMa noBe3HBarbe, H H Moxla HMa HeKy y^ory rp6anor KHTa rolr,rKo no4ceha na rajne y cexcya^HoM rrrenypelby. Cruarpa ce 4a oKeaHaAa ce cHHMa,a Ar4crronla nyurrajy rrecMa fpoaBrlx KHToBa ycTBapu flpeHocr, 4a 6u vonerc Morao Aa yx<vna y lbraMa. Herce rzuQopr'raqzje, rcao 'pen'. Beorrra je Hayuutr4u cy caKynu u Be:rIzKy KoAeK- r acHa I' Moxe AanyTyJe Kpo3 Bo4y n lo IIzJy necaMa; Ayra per{arba, MyKarbe, 185 rru r.r raKo rp6anu KHToBrl ocrajy y rpoKrabe, ryHlarce z urzjyrcame rcojr.r KOHTaKTy Ha Be TTKHMAa-/bll}lan['A. lr'ory Aa'r.pajy u 10 ao 15 MnHyra u Aa ce
[oHaB.6aJy HeKo HKo caTLL Csara rpyna rp6aBzx KHToBa HMa KapaKTepucruqHy necMy, rcoja ce paseuja n Metba cBaKe rozrtHe. Huro He 3Ha rarrHo

fp6anu rcnr

8. f,rarrcu KrrroB[
Yrpoxexrz r arKH KHT HeMa,relno nepaje v n BpaTHe opa3/Ie, a v vni'.a po2KHaTe r,r3pac rrHe Ha r aBH r.r bIH3y oTBopa 3a

Crlen KHr ce qecro ozla 6.rra:y o6are. Aeru ce cerrH4o Aprrvtna r4e ce xpaHu, Thuo ce AerrraBa orpoMHo 'qnerane' Mr,rKpocKorrcKutx opfaHz3aMa no4cTaKHyro gyrHM cyHqaHr-rM4anu*ra. Curu KlrroBrr ce xpaHe y rr^.I'rKHM Bo4aMa LrMeKyrxupuuhurr,ra,Ma,rrlM,/bycKapr.rMa qnrnra roje xr.rBe y orceancrcojQroprz. fox nrroen nocrpaHrle, oH ycuca orpoMHe KoAltrruge 6ecrcz.rlrettaKa, My,iba, necKa H rcaraeuqHha.

Cnsn rnr

KuroBu 3y6aHu

lnaexu deomtnnoea slfiana npedcmaatwjy det$uiu u rautva*uup, a rou,rcolu eehupolat4u c) xum y6u,up, oKeaHCKu, fienoepnu dat$un, rum ynrufia u ruobuqnurupeanuuje ruwee cy nadcnuruwnum ojehwpoey. urozuzy6anu Bo4enopeKlo 04
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KonHeHux )I(HBoTllIrn.a. aAIlI 6/ I\ f- vToKoM MH rroHa ro4ulIa eBo^yquje 4o6raru-Ayraqar rc.byH Ha npe4rbeM Ae^y ooarbe, y KOJH cy cMerrrTeHLr je4Haxu sy6z xonycnor o6,irnra, rcoju q uo4ecuuju sa pn6oaon nero 4a rEuajy cexyruhe, otrrbaKe r4 KyrrbaKe. Kurosz neuajy )K4pe^o Hn rlacue xuqe. Ibuxoso rclrrKTarbe vr \lacryrarne uacraje y lrvsy KoMopa y .lo6arcl,t noje Ha,rzxyjy na 6a,loHe. Y sarnopeHoM cr.rcreMy, yca[enorr,ry ur.rruuhe, nasAyx ce ncrracryje l,rs je4Hor 6aaoHa y Apyrv Kpo3 y3aHe rpola3e. To upousBo4u 3ByK roju ce o46uja 04 aKycrr4lrKlr uenpo6ojne oKoAHe rrocrvr Lr ycMepaBa ce Ka MacHoM TKUByKnroBe'4uwe'4ela rbnxoBor cucreMa exoaoxaquje. Kao 4eQopuarlaja,to6ame, ys4LrrHyhe y o6aury Anrbe ce v3ALrx<e usHa.A KEToBe,ro6arre. Oua je ucuyrbeHa KoKreloM BocKoBa uymaxoja ce naannajy c[ePMaIIeTH U [OHaIUa Ce KaO COqnBO roje xoHqenrpvrue 3ByK y je4aH sparc rojz rcur Mo?Ke 4a KoHTpolr4rue. 3oyr ce pa3lurrr,rro o46uja o4 npelMera pa3-

{ A Eenorpnr AenQrHx ca Ayrril nepaixila xl|Be y xnaaHxil pace BqAama.Te cy npnpqAHo pa3ABOieHe Tonrrr TponcKrir BoAaila. Eenorpnr AenQnxnca
KpaTKHM

nepairila xrBe y TponcKlrirll g cynrponcKnir I

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o BOAaila. =

,nrnqvre rycfuHe. Kocr, naupr,IMep, pe<p,,rexryie 3ByK Apyraquje o4 MeKor TKHBa vrNvrolt Ba34yxa y rraexypy.Knr c lsyn-r;a snyre rojn ce o46ujajy o4 oKolHlrx npe4Mera npeKo je4ue ceu3opH.e raqKe Ha Bpxy Brr r4rle. 3nyrc rryTyJe Ilu3 ytbHu KaHa AoJeAHe Kocrr.r AeolbvtlJeHoKTa, cMerrrTeHey yBy u oH ce rrpeHocr44o 6y6He ouue. Xpana E ,roB r-xo^oKarlr,rJa HHJe caMo cpe4cTBo 3a uanuraqujy. Otra ce yr aBHoM Kopr,rcrtr 3a oqr{parbe v xBararbe xpaHe. To je r{3y3erHo uohna cuoco6rroca rcoja ce Kopr{crr{ r.rrao opyxje.Y ivrpauuurvttvt My,beBr4TrzM Bo4aMa pe4aK rr^eH, Kao ruTo cy lrrrbe u,ru xo6orHurle, ce
. l

Tpalrfl,r ra ouau",ryje no*rohy 3Br{Hlrx Ta aca xojn cy je4Harco uohHn Kao r{ no4MopcKa reMnlrpaHa 6orra6a. Hexu o4 sehux Kr4roBa sy6aHa eapoHe BeoMa ay6o5o y rorpa3r{ 3a xpaHoM 40 Mecra Ha KoJaHnJe4aH Apyt'Id npeAaTop He Moxe 4a Aorrpe. I4srtla-4a 4a KHTOBLT nU OTn ,/\OBey Capa4HnqrurM rpyrraMa, sapanajyhu z uo I 000 r"r. Y,neurype saparaajy u 4y6me. Ibraxosa Hapoqr,rro Be lrKa 4rana je Lrsrle4a Aeo cyflep-oceT6nBof cr.rcreMa exoioKauaje xoja rau or"roryhyje 4a xnarajy Be lrKe llrrrbe z xo6orHraqe. Mo4pzqe Ha rbHxoBLtM Te r.rMayr3yjy Ha ro Aa ce [oHeKa4 pBy ca ur{HoBcKr,rM l'rrbaMa KOJeKaTKaJ ocTu)Ky Be LITII4Hyt4 4o 20 vrerapa.

KhroBr4 3vEAHrl

KUTOBI4 3Y6AHH Odonoeli, 2 Kurosxry5oxt: pea Celocr,o I noepen y 35 poaoeo y xojemaaoiy u 32 spoe 67 apcro genSuxou 6 apaonnucxot4\o.

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HeMa floll<r4nvrra oAnoct4 cy ocHOBa rroFra- HapBana urarba Kr.r'r'orra.tr4atto I{I,rroBr.r rronyl AyraqKe KrboBe Kao Myx(iaK. oHe 6e,u,r'a u 6e,lor-p,lux 4c,r<pnrra Molv Za l]HLUe(: l o1'llIIa He nrpajy ce IlH4e V ctivilt-ilraN{li (),,'l ynory y rv:rjrur r.r HuKaKBy ;+iHu()r't,trba,()gFrooJ r,r:rHrel1,v 14cxpaHu. Ml?r4yHaua, acvelv pollarca cv r\) ur{o llai+illt.|,4aat{o IreKu 3alra4He Y rrcBo"rby, Hapaance xpaHn BEOMA 6,rucna rrop()Ir4rla fre pnrrHr-iosa'r'H conpa3HoBpcHo 14 ThKe() cfneHe ,{tr-{ll()r'e /[a Mv IIoMor-rre. xBara paqnfie, l r()lla[rarbe cy r{opHc|H r.r KH'r() ()BtIIl, qesanonoAe, xoju 6rl ocranH,ul parbeuv vn)eurvpy \/ jara pu6a,rao B()AV Aa OL1LIaMaMH H {pyre tl;\illlOBe
il()POr'lHrJe y 4()Mer xal)rryHa. rrpn poleIl,rucna rr()po4nqa rr()Mai'Ke mv 6e6e, rypa-jyha je rra noepuntnr Aa 6u rr<l rrpnh llyr v/,axrrvla err)7t\/x.Y rr()p()Ar{r1aMa 6e,tot p,urx 4e,rtpr.rua r,r uy;xjan, a iKenKa .tyu4jy 6e6e u .recr<l o{lopue Henv spcrv jac^nua. M,ra4yurlH nrlra y6rzrle r.r 6e,rolp,lor\4ieK()M 4c,ntprrra ( e xpaHe n,la.jvrzHrzv lue()Ma Ayro. I4ancl M aJyHur4 6e,norpeaj,v o46ujeHu ,lo r' 4e,l(rHr ra o6r'r.rH() 6r.r o71cuce Kaaa HanyHe 3 ro4nHe, a ca3peeajy nsuetly 9 H 13 l'oauHa, H3BecraH 6p<ij n,ux cwca Ao a4oleclleHqHje. Cuat Da (c Ja (e to AeuaBa 3oor () fi(Khx e-esa nsnrelv q aHOBa rropo4ur1e.

uro je 6axanap n ph6y Koia

Hapna-n
Hapoaroea r{-6oBa je o4roe<lpHa 3a o cpe/rboBerioBHe MaTcKe IIprjqe je4Hopory. Ouaj npo4yxenn ropmH sy6 rrpoceqHy AyA\rlHy oA ABa Locrui{e Me'rpa H 're;+iH ono lOnr.. llonyr je,reHclerzxporoBa. oca nroea je ceKVHZapHa rrolHa KapaKTepzcrrzna noja ce KopHcrH Aa 6u ce HaMerHyo paHl a M();.l.Za rz nao opv;+tje. Hapea.u.r o6zra-

Ha )t(],tBr,r MopcKoM AHy. Hapaanoeo lrMe naTuHcKo (Monodon monoceros) 3HaqH 'je4ax 3y6, jeAHa KtboBa'. Ycraapu,oH hMa ABa 3y6a KoiH HeMajy $yxxqnjy, a KoA MyxjaKa je4ax oA rbux H3pacre y KrboBye. Xexxa HapBana noflHo ca3peBa ca neT roAHHa,l He o6pa3yie AyropoqHeBe3e ca My)KjaKoM. Hajeefin n Haijaqr Myx(iaqll nape ce ca
)KEHKAMA.

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6enyre xoxa je 6paon 6oje. Oxa nocBernH Ao c],|Be, a KaAaKnT HanyHu 4 roAnxe nocraHe6ena. V Knr yrbeuypa ce npenoaxaje no eenuxoj rnaBlr.Fberoe orBop 3a AHcarueje xa epxy rnaBe. On xema nefixa nepaja.
Bajy y ap_KTvqKHMn cy6aprcruvrcaru BOAaMa, Oor4r{HO y or'.Vt3r'.Hld r'.eAa. HOBopobeHqaAr
Ouw cna4ajy y Bpcre rcoje o6zranajy y Be,rrzxt4M Ay6rauav.a vt caMo rloBpeMeuo KorHy. klat<o cy ce nprz6,tuxanajy janaHcnrz pu6apu, r<oju n x oBe pMI4 xpaHe, caKyrru^vt MHoro rlo4aTaKa o rbr,rMa, r4fraK ce 4oHeAaBHo 3Ha O BeoMa Ma o o 6e,torp,luwt 4e,tQrzHuva. Ha oreopeuoM Mopy lz3rte4a Kao ga rlyTyJy- y Bei'ITKITM rpyrlaMa, KoJe noHeKal opoJe [r no HeKo rrKo crorvHa je4wwr<w. fly6orce, saruruheue no4e flplrB^aqe MHoro Marbe nopoAvl{}le rpyne 04 Aecer u^u 12 rxueorun'a.

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Be.,rraxo,relno nepaje, 4yraqKo oxo 1,8 MeTapa, Je yoqJbuBa KapaKTeplrcTzKa

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Ca napeaao* .rectohytyje 6e,,ryrau,tu 6e,ru nu1 BeoMa ApyrrrrBeHa ?rorBorr,rma rcojace rroHeKa4 Yu\ay rpynaMa oZ Br.rure xu.ba4a je4unrcu. OHrz xraBe y
apKTI4rIKItM BOAaMa, a U TOKOM eTFbHx Mecequ ce cele y 3alnBe y rcojnrraa Je BO4a TOn HJa rZ [OrO4HrzJa 3a HOBOpolenva4. Tauo oHra nocrajy pa3r4rpa- U na z 6yvulr, a foprbr't c,lojeer,r KolKe lrM b ce uerr,ajy. Eeayre cy crapn KHTo oBrIrr .g c rrA3I'{BaAIlI MOpCKHM KaHapHHrIHMa' o s6or vylnor 3ByKa. llorrapHu MeABeALI = Hs rr^rzrKux eo4a nana4ajy 6eayre xoje c o ce nafy sapo6",rene y 3atvruvtua.
d

y",reurype
Y,oeurype cy Hajuehrz KHToBr.{ cy6aHrz. Ibnxoea ofpoMHa r aBa HMa HeBepoBarHe nponopur.rje u locrur{e rpehnHy Ayx<vHe rerra. BerruKa Ko^zqrrHa QrzHor yrba hAV cnepvaueruja, noja ce Hala3r.r y Auwv, je pa3lor- e6or vera cy lrx Klrro oBrIt4 oBlrAH.Ca npolrsno4rzua, 4o6ueeuvM caMo o4 je4nor xura, MOr 14Cy 4a n^aTe r]e^o flyToBa]be. Xenxe cy MaAen rexe ceera 20 rona, AoK cy NryxjallIa rerrrKpl 55 roua. Crapr,rJr.r-MylrgaqH uMaJy o)Kr.rrbKe KoJe cy

oBor KHTa.Zaxo cHaxaH, KHTy6raqaje cpe4rbe Be Hr{HHe- uyxjanje Ayrauar 8 rra. r.rrexu ornpr{a.zxe 6 r Xenne cy rraarre eaje4ny rpehaHy. Kurosz y6u\e pascy cynepr4opHlr ^oBIIu. Onz arr,rajy HoBpcHy vcxpary - ieay Qoxe, uopcxe
aBOBe, plroe, IITVIIe, AI'Irtf,e' Koplbaqe

v Apyre KuroBe. Kprroeu y6r,rqe capabyjy ao* ^oBe H Mory Aa Hana4Hy rrleH 6u,ro xoje BellrqvHe. flosHaro je 4a cy HailaAa^v v yor4JaAI4 IrIaBe KVTOBe.

Knronn lr rroBer
O4Hoc qoBeKa rpeMa KrrroBr,rMa yMHofoMe 3aBr4clr 04 Tora rAe )r<vBu v oA Ir,eroBe Ky,\Type. Kuroeu ce rroHeK2,4 s6yHe y fl r,rrKrzM, rrecKoBrrrLrM BoAaMa v Hacyyy ce ria4a ce r vMa nonyve. Y frpour rIM BpeMeHHMa tbyAr4 cy To cMarpa u sa cpehy a 6peo cy y6uja-xu
KI,ITOBe V KOItiIaAa,AIlI IIIIXOBO MeCO.

A Kur yrbeuypa Moxe Aa ocraHenoA BOAOM npeKo caT. leAaH

Vflorca
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yrbeuype lrMa 36-56sy6a, Ayrlrx oKo 20cM. Y,reurype ce perKo npra6,rnxaeajy

Myxjaqrz u )KeHKe KonHy. raruajy pa:rrrzqr'rTe MllfparlvoHe pyTe - My)KJarIH Mory 4a IIo4Hecy apKTI4tIKy xrra4Hohy, JoK )KeHKaMa H M,la4yHuHMa je norpe6na ronar,rja so4a. 36or rora ce caMo MyxJar]v Mofy BuAeTu Ha reorpaQcrcraM rrrr4pvHaMa nlz'UTlaM oA 45" sa o6e xerraucQepe.

3a4OOII[AZT y rrOABO4Hr.rM OprTKaMa Ca Be HKHM nrttaMa utu y 6op6a sa )KeHKe ca . ocralr4M vryxjarlurua. Tia o)r(rrJbrlLr cy rryHLl )KyTrlx AvJaToMa vLV KUTOBpTX BarrrKll 14 ^IlII{e Ha KpaCTe.

Y 4anautre epevreje Aorrr o 40 Be vKe rrpoMeHe. Ka4a ce HegaBHo tra o6a,naNraHoeor 3e,r.au4a uacyna,to 200
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y nolloh. Berunrl KHToBrznonyr yaerrrypa cy laurrnhesn voparopajyrvrov Ha ^ol oA crpaHe Mefynapo4ne rcolrracuje 3a ,roB Ha Kr.rroBe. Marru KHToBprsy6aww ce, uelyrrlu, vr AaJbe y qe oM cBeTy palr4 Meca rz 3aru"^OBe rrzhenra cy -loKa Hr,rlr npaerarrraua.Ha (Dapcr<.urr,r ocrpBzMa ce ro4zutre y6zja 341

Kr4ToBH 3yEAHl4
{ Knr y6nqa je je4ax oa pognreruay Hai6prxHr,rjnx ynpKoc]beroBoi npnpoAl4, crpauHoi penyraqlril,r Aa ce xpaHH
TOnnoKpBH14M CTBOpelblrMa. Janaua je ue:axoHHTHM rrporlacuo BylrHeMpexe Af;*rc o4 2,5nv. Y 6yayhHocrn he oreopeuo Mope 6vru curypMpexe y HnJe3a KHTOBe, a rZ3paKaCTe npno6aaHzv o6,lacrrlua he nacrae,baTA Aa npe4cravmajy npo6,leu.
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Kriroez ry6arla ce Kopncre y rajHuv -q L HcrpalKrzBaqKHM npoI-paMHMa rcoje a npeKo 30 r'o4r,rHa H3Boae MopHapnqa CAf-a H Pycrra MopHaphrla. Y no.rero 'pHTpHBepH' o Ky rpeFrupanH Kao Aa 6,Lr a o upeHocH,\H rropyKe Lr a aT x3MeIJy 5 noBprxuFre H no4Bo+'urHx aooparoa prlja y 4y6uuava, KuroBH u 4e"rQunu cy ce noKa3a,\LI cnocooHHM 4a orKpnJy Burxe c'rorr{na 6e"nolp,lnx 4e,lQnua. u HenprljareJtcKe MnHe. Tonou para y Clrarrnnarbe Ko,rrrqrrue prr6e Ha lllpra Aanqu, Oprarrrzaaquj aYje4uY nrroluu o6,raclnuaje rrperepaur.r BnjerHauy KHloBlr cy ce Kopzc'rulrl 3a rteHllx rraqHJa 3a xpalty u rroJbonpnB- pu6o,rou cMaFbHo Ko HrrHHe pz6e noja larurHly aMepnqKux 6po4ona, j.p .y peay ((DAO)je QuHauczpa^a Moaepun- je ueorrxo4na 3a onclanaK KHT()Ba. narra/alri p()uuorIe - ca6or'epe vcIloA sauujy pH6o,lona rra ocrpBHMa. Ca Crcyrua, pu6a po4a H cap.1ela ce oBH v nr.rge,cnn4ajyhu nu onpeMy :Ja/\vcan>e ()rpeMoM. HOBOM p u \ a p n c y o r K p H H orpoMrraM K() Hr{HrraMa/a oH ce rrpeca vc1'a. Y cylrmanaM oK() Hocrr.-rMa, Kr,rroBa sy6aua cy l'penHpalrH Kac) Aa, rrcpeA pr,r6e,,lano MOry Aa OBe r,r pML4^a y xpaHy a ly6puea. Ko,rarrc KHroBe.flauac ce y6aje ra ao 45 000 HCXpaileJe y3poK Lr3l^a4lbuBarba KH'r'oHarradalrLT, a Kopr,rcTH H cy ce 3a cTaBKHToBa4a 6u ce o6es6e4uao Meco 3a Ba Ka() l.r ue3anocleHoc'r'a pn6apa. ,r,aFbeer(('u ()llHBa ra ttettpnjare,tct<e noBo 'r'plnHurre rcoje rruje nocrcrja,lcr Y npour"locru Kr,r'l'oBH sy6anr.r 6po4oee, nejoee r4 4onoBe. .cy npe nporparraa (DAO. Karco ea,raxe Mor^n /a orKpuJy. pHoapcKe Mpexe, Ocvu ng elurrKax paglor'a, ttoc eauBe HKepr.r6e. maourrclje ryHa. ona4ajy. HarrpaBrber{e oA Jy-faHux B aKaHa, r1e r<opr.rurfierba KVToBa rra ouaj Haqun 'ro he sepoearHo cv os6H,bue. Aro ce He llo'r'lrHrue crroZOBecrn 4o rroeetra- nolrotrv cnojnx coHapa a Mor H cy 4a rba y^oBa KH'r'oBa. je Heurz4rr,rzn pa3yM, rtoju. 6a pely^Hcao ynorpe6v yMaKIIy.MoaepHr,r trqi,norr y BIAV r.r ue o46H.ia :lry_r{. Janar-rcrul, r{HTOBay BOIHe CBpXe, MOI O ()U 4a Ce 'raJBarr(rtH V KoAnonyocrpBaBanAe3 y t4r(()peJ(r(H c v u A r l F Aecv Aa ce e^l,lMl4Hrilr]y, ruoxtAa H froMoPHUaPH AprexrnxnMopcKu naB fie ce BopHH oa y6rejarr,e clo'rurra xvn>aAa hy orpoua, cBn xuzBu oplaHV3MH oKO jep je xnr cycpecrr,r ca cMpfiy, KHTOBa :ly6ana, noju ce cBaKe ro4une e<rjno-nol,ropcKax 6a3a. Cpehclrnr, rrocy6rqa carepaooBo 6ecnoMofiHo tAaee y ou<x.r ':H4y cup'r'H'. TOJe ilatlKaJbHl-le y MaHnny ItCaH,y crBopebe Ha nnilf(y. He4aurlr cropa3yM usuelly CAI n I{HTC LT I'IICTr{IdM III4BJbIAM }I{I.I BOTUTbA-

ua y eojHe cBpxe. Kuloen Mory aa nocTaFry Henoy3AaHr4,ar{o HM nocraHe - HaopylxaHH KHToBH sy6anu AocaAHo Mory aa usa5epy za pa3HecyrorperuaH 6po4 r.rs.racre sa6aee!

. Krrosz y6trqe y Jyxnoj Arrrepugz xramjy Mopcxe ^aBoBe, xorp;rajyhz ce nSBas Bo4e Ea relrFrase n a.zre raro 6n rx srfa6ruw. . Y.rano.romrana requocr y xnroroj AnIbf, ce sasuBa cnepMagerE u EeMa
EUBaXB BeSe Ca KETIoBOMPenPOAyrr{qjoM. Th$o cy je naenarru craps Ku:To.lorrp rojn cy cMarpaJrn 4a ra reqsocT r3r ega rao Jby4cr(a cuePMa, . Y.neurype Mory 4a ocraEy tro4 Bo4oM f, 90 r,mnyra. . Xesxe 6eaorp.nnx 4ervlnna :rcrre 60 ro4rna. Myxjatro AorKEBe car,ro 40 ro4xna. Bepyje ce Aa crape :(euxe uuajy rarcry y ory Kao rofe nopo. A!{qHe rpyue,

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e,tQzHa u nALrcKaBVrIe cy .v'y4a eno,r,yrlzje. llourro cy cvcapr4, Ir,HXoBare"a,acy rpalena Ha vc-tv Kao v Harrra, a H rorcolr 50

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O&l.rna n;rxcrcaBqqa KUTOBa 3y0aHa KOJri OBe CBOJ n eH, rpa6e ra u ryrajy Ha HopMa aH HaqriH. H nIHCKaBrirIe cy npocro le,lQaHu Ma,lV KHToBr4 sy6aHr,rmoju ce yr aBHoM xpaHe prz6ov u Ar4rlr,aua- uano najeehrz vef y Fbr.rMa, KIa r y6nL\a. H h opna. oBri H <pone,ra.4pyre 4e"r,Qzue. Pas,\una nsr'.rely 4e,r(pzna H n,tacnaBrrua . rzMaAo[aJe flpn [rrHo Maia: rr^r4cKaBr4qa racre sy6e yMecro KoHycHe, KaKBe rrMa 'x,ryH' xojz je 4eaQuu, a HeMaH[r MecHarr] KapaKrepilcTHqaH 3a nnore 4err<praHe. Y cBaKoM ApyroM rror e4y rarvrajyeeoua clrzrrHy awar ouujy, rr3r eJ 14HaBr4Ke.

(rope) A flo6pnAenOHH ce jacxo ugexruSuxyje o60rrberoBor

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Type H IZ TOn OKpBHe XuBOTI4rbe, rIaK

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KOIIHCHC )I(HBOTIITbC C IITIHC BC IZIIH-

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(Delphinidae) {EJIOI4HH flocroje 32 epcre 4e,rQuna y. HeKOAT4KO po4oBa, y KoJecila4aJyi AOEPTT AEJIOHH (Tirrsiops truncates)

nErABlI4EJrOktH
(Stenella longirostris) KIIT YEI.IIIA (Orcinus orca) MEPE ,\yxuaa:1.2uao7 u TexnHa:40xr ao 4500 rcr fI LICKABIIIJE (Phocoenidae) y llocr:ojr.r6 epcra nlncKaBr.rqa, rpv Po4a,y KoJe cna4aJyi OBI4IIHA IIALI AYqHA

r^aBe - r,rTaKo Mory TaqHo 4a npolleHe H3 Kor npaeqaje 3ByK crrrrao. To je eeoua suavajno, s6or rora urro 4e,rQrEu x;uBrz.y cBery sByKoBa: He caMo oHHX KoJe npaBe Apyra crBoperba, Ben H oHr,rx xoie oH caM crBapa. OH ce oprzjeHrzurF rrouohy c,-,Hapa. Kao ttruruMr4rx,cTa,\Ho eMHTyJ)/nuKpaTKe 3ByqHe cHrHa e rojN ce oa6ujajy 04 qBpcrHx rrpe4Mera rz epahajy xao o4jex. Bpeh MeHcKa3a4ptltKa rarn,telyeMVToBarba npHMana cp|l'Ha a oapelyje ylaJbeHocr rrpe4Mera, a 4e,rQznou HenorperunBlz crepeo c^yx My 4,aJeoplleHrar]L\y. Cvtrnalu cy. y csojoj ocHoBH HH3 rc,r,znraja- a H'rolrrKo Kparnlrx H eMuroBaHhx rano 6psoje4aH 3a Apyrvu, Aa Bulxe 3Byqe Kao uKpHrrabe Bpa'fa. Krlrr<rajr.r ce H3rAeZacrnapajy y vrAyBHoM o-r'rlopy, a o43BarbaJy ()4 KoHKaBHe npeArbe noBprunHe rberoBe ooarbe I,I ce y3 noMoh aKycrnrrHor Qoxycvpajy 'coqr.rBa' MacHOr-TKnBa u3Ha4 rseroBe 'ue,toua' Ii'ylxKe - TaKO3BaHor nOju 'raKO KynO aCTO MHOrr4MBpCTaMaAaJe qelo. H rrlucKaBurre le,nQrzHu uHc'r'HHKTHBHO aHa,\h3r4pajy o4jere n rar<o 4o6njajy nornyHy coHapHy c^HKy ceoje oxo,taue, us6erny npenpeKe H n,neu. )clpeMe ce lra noreHLlnja,rHrz 06paluearse cBHx rax nnQopvaquja Mox4aHr4x 3axreBa BelaKH 6poj he,rzja u roje BepoBarHo r aBHu pa3-

fr^rrcKABrr4A

Cner anyxa
lLtuyvur.rrly Hr.roprarrn x04 4e,l{ruHa cy n,HXoBeyun. (irro,ta tv.je;sa BAA4'ABz - ro cy caMOMa_Ae pyile H3a ylxr4.lv- a H cy e<pr.rrcacue H BeoM:r npu,tar-rfeHe

4AIOBA frArACKABrrrIA
(Phocoenoides dalli) MEPE Ayxuna:120 cu ao 225 crvt TexuHa:30 rcrao 160rcr

(Phocoena phocoena)

|.r.fl{rl,}r" *

je penarnexo { neraera AenOr,rH qecr y 3anaAHoM ceeepxorrl Arnaxrury. MnaAyxqr ce pabajy 6e3 nera,arn oHenoq[rby Aa ce roAlrHyAaHa.Epoj noiaBrbyiyHaKoH nera ce noBefiaBa ToKoM xl,tBora. V Beonra ApylrrBeHaBpcra,neraBll AenOxHxl,rBxy rpynaMaoA 10 r,l jegUnXU. HeKOn14KO o614qnO CTOTl,rHa ce Brbaiy HajMalbe 20 ru oA o6ane, npH6nuxe KonHy. ann ce neT],|

ii
c E o U i o .E o o o

4eurzQponarry Kperan'a ralaca Kpo3 eo4y.Je4Ha oA Tr4xeBo yrrzBHHXrrpoMeHaHM orr,roryhana da yxBaTenpaBH crepeo curHal. novohy qera Mory 4a o4pe4e a3 Kor rpaBrla 3ByKAo^a3r,r. cy @ "byAu ro He Mory Aa v3BeAy lrcA/r,a rro4.Bo4oM, Jep no4BO4wu ratacu \ nylyJy rpaBo Kpo3Hauy rAaByH 4e,ry- f jy ua o6a yBa ucroBpelreno. A,lz rco4 je cnaxo yHy4e,lQuna H n^rzcKaBlrqe ? TpaIUbe yBo cMeuTeHo y HeKoJBpcTlr E neHe. r<oja rzM npylxa r,r:o,raqajy o4 S ,ro6arse.To zr'a ovoryhaea 4a penzc- rpyjy xau-rmelbe y crn3aft,v 3ByKanpeo I 40 JeAHe,a 3arHM Ao Apyre crpaHe ! 345

u nrucKABr4rlE AEnotaHr4
,ror aaurroje nroaar 4eaQuHaH rr vcKaBr,rrrarolr,rKo Be r4K (uosarc o4pac or 4o6por 4eaQrlHaje rexax 2 Kl a rvrosar o4paclor qoBeKa 1.5 rcr). Heua cyrr.rme vr AA I|MaJy AA Cy OIJIdprHTe r4reHTHVt BeoMapa3Br4JeHy crrocooHocr yqerba. Behuna 4eaQrzna n r ncKaBlrqa ce xpaHu pz6ou r4 r.rrrbaMa. Zayseran je p nur y6u4a, eKcrpeMHo Be LrKrz 4e,tQnu I nojn ce cneqnja"rusoBao 3a uana4 na I TOn OKpBHe MOpCKe'(r,rBoTr,rrbeKaO fi r.uro cy Qone, nnHrevuvr vr Apyrr4rcuro- p eu. Je4na rpyna KHroBa y6nga je van { arafena KaKo Han4a, y6uja u aetu- $ MuqHo fipo]rqHpe n aBor KHTa. E je4y pn6y oBe cBeurro Mory g Onra rcojr,r 4a yxBaTe,aAI{ HeKeBpcTe Kao ruTo Je it

Llcxpana rr ApyrurBerrn trcrlBor

A Krary6uqa Hapacre AOBenhqlHeoA 7 M, y lr Br4uJe. a noHeKaA 3aTOqeHt/|urrBy nojeAyAo 45 Kr y xpaHeAHeBHo. xenyqy ieAxor MprBorKnra y6lrqe je npoxafexo 13 nnlcKaBhqa u 14 $oxa,

tr
I

z
F

z
E o o o 6 o

{ Mpxr,r AenQ}rHce qecro noiaB, HIIOTKyA nopeA 6poga x cKaqe BeprxKanHolt3HaA BOAe, enAeo Aa 61,| urTace AeuaBa Ha 6po4y. Oer Aen$lrHl,lce o6r'{Ho cKynrbaiy y rpyne y oA20-aK,yxr,rBaiy nplro6arHoM noiacy, noBe MebycTeHaMa n rpe6eHxMapx6e KOiexlrBe Ha AHy PasMHorKaBarbe cy npolnn MeKyuqe. Behnsa 4e"rQuuarnn r.IcKaBItIla
rp6anz 4eaQuH pa4nje AoBey o6a,rnuna BolaMa,AoK 4pyre xao urroje BpereHacru 4errlpunBr,rrue Bo e oTBopeHuoKeaH. Il-nncxaetaqe oOuqno^oBe y MaIr{MrpynaMaoA no 4Be u,u vernpnje4uHxe, aln rpcre /e,nQuuaroje )ril.rBe HaorBopeHuM MopHMayr^aBHoM rryryjy y jarraua o4 1 000 rzrruBr4rrle rbr,rx, n.noeehuMoprzMa y urrpoKnM nojaceeuua 04 no HeKo r,rKo Mabl4xrpyna. One Ma6e rpyne nzcy 6anr cra6urrHe, oHeocrajy saje4Horro HeKo r4KO He4e,6a LI II MeCeqIt, aJ\l4 KOMnO3V-

xpaHe 3a cBe, a ryHa Moll(e 4a IiM ce oAylnvtraKo rrrro he ux ynoaopvrrv Ha }{anad aJKy^4. Haxarrocr, ajny,le Hzcy Hajonacnraju rrpeAaropv y Mopl.Tyue cy HenpecraHa pr{oapcKlrx opo4oBa KoJI4 Mera Haua*Aa a 360r rora qt w Ae^oBeno llaqr.rQzrcy, Bo4e ryHe noju 4o jara pu6a y Qr.rHra onacHocrr4. Pw6apu nocuarpajy cr'.rprHoj saruu 6aqe Mpexy oxo rbnx 4a 4e,rQraue, 6u yxnarul ryuy noja n I4Ba lrcno4. ce 3aRexeAa6u ce HanpaBHfHo rtrpeNe Aa orpoMHa Topoa KoJa ce nocreneHo crerrce oKo jara - u 4erQuua. Kala ce pu6a usnyve Ha 6po4, ca rboMce noByKy z 4e,nQuHn, a raMo I,IX3rlbeqe MaIIr.IHe vt:a yre3v Ha Mpexu. {o 1996.je 6u,no noju cy y5ujeuu MarbeoA 2 600 ae,trpraHa npero 100000 y ^oBy HaryHe (Hacynpor 1989.); a l998.je 4oHer 3anou o 3aIIrrr,IrI,I ce ApxaBa y nojnrrra 4e,rQunay ABaHaecr 6poj AOBeTyHe.Ynprcoc rorr.le,ne.turcra 4e,tQzuajour ynen crp4a y orpoMHrIM MpexaMa rcoje ce cgaxe HohI4 llvHr,rrta oarlaJy y o(eaHerrrnpoMcBera.

unja ue,rorjara ce cra Ho ueoa,jep nojeMHqpr 14rpyne cTaiHo Ao^a3e rr ol^a3e, Hajeehe xoHqeurpaqaje 4o,raseeaje4HO Ha OMr4jr,eHa MeCTa 3a Xpalbelbe, HaporrrlrTo y odttacru, r4e oKeaHcKe crpyJe no4uxry AaAHy BoAy ca AHaoKea346

je poyra xpaHrbuBrrM uarepujaHa rcoja Mar.rMeuraJyJe ca rorr oM noBprur,rHcKoM Bo4oM,crrapajyhv raro r44ealHeyc^oBe 3a pacr rr aHKToHa. oneany, jyxnonarlzQnvrra u Y Tiaxornr rvrprcn4e.n<puH AoBe saje4uo. {ox ce rryBaJycTpaxy,4a xpaHe, Apfrz JeAHH ce He oH noJaBu vt ilpe4aTopr4Kao ruTo Je KvT youua u pr Be r4Kaoe a aJKy a. Osa rr4erxosurajara. uecro npare jara - To cy Be riTyHa ca r(yTlrM rrepaJr,rMa ne, 6pee pa6e npe4aropra noje ur'rajy LIcTeHaBuKeKoJece THqy ncxpaHe Kao u 4etQunu.Tyue c.re4e AettQuneAa6u HCKOplrCTr,r e rbHxoBy cnocooHocT 4a nponaly jar a pu6a norvrohy exoloKaropa,.a 3arr,rMce YtryIn,aJy4a ou y3e^e cBoJAeo "\oBIIHe;oovqHo lrMa r4oBo,bHo

He, AaKO nOqUIbe 4a Ce XpaHI4 qBpCTOM Meceqlr npe Hero rxro xpaHoM HeKo-/\I,rKo ce nornyHo oa1ujg 04 cl,Ice. Y ror'.r nepraoAy ra qyBa MaJKa,uaKoJe npH t4r{Ho Hero3Haro y KoJoJ Mepr4 ra oHa yl{'u
)I{IZBOTHIIM BCIIITV HAMA.

MHCKyUTeTHe BpCTe,qecro ce nape. Maa4yH.re Mox(e4a cvrcav Ao 4Be to1u-

fpyrurnena crpyKrypa rcnra y6uge je vnpurha o4 nehnue Apyrvx. Ycneursu rrryxjaqz Mory 4a caKynexapeMe 04 ro ^rpv Ao qerupn )KeHKer<oje ca rlulta ocrajy 4o rcpaja xunora r4 l{3poae rro HeKoir,rKo uaparnraja MIa4yHaIIa.CsaKa rra"tafuxoaPa!nopozuqa zMa HeKoAt4Ko
,\HX Kr,rTOBa, KAO V MAAAVTX KlrrOBa OOa

no a, cBr,r orrz uelyco6no capalyjy y

AOBy Ca HaJHCKyCHHJuM rrOJe4tHIII4Ma

zu norasyjy rura rpe6a Aa pad.e. rcojrau

etrn flelbuBLlt4u MpaBoi

{ Tponpcrn
nelbltBal{,

Aemzequ

nuajy ua,le, oKpyrlacre

t^aBe, ca n,bocHaTI,IM rrIJeM V MaAtiM 'Pyxe' Bradypus cy ytn:z,Ma caKprrBeHLrM KocoM. 143 tridactylus, cevM Ay-)Ke 04 Hofa, a Ha pyKaMa H HoraMa Konyrtrt6uje. zuajy xoxue jacryvzhe. To z 4yravr<e, BepHe Ierunaqr cnaaaiy 3aKpLIB,beHeKaHUe, I{.aOVv quII'eHAUa Y Aea pa3nrq],|ra 4aje oea ?rtHBorvEa BeoMa araHa 3a pona.Oxn xojn ceojy ee,tuuzny, ol.roryhyjy,rebzeqy npunagajypoay Aa 6ez Hanopa Br4crrHa rpaHaMa. nmajy Bradypus uwajy uz4yxeHa rela u Mpaeoje4z rpn npcra Ha Ar4\ 'ca rbyuKaMa xoje ce cyntaeajy xa npeAlbl4M uanaBpxy - oHa Ko4 urlHoBCKOr MpaBoJela poAa Ma, a oHh 143 je najencrpeunnja. OH urr.ra rpy6y, craey cauo Choleopus J,taKy no rreloM Te y ca 6e,ruqacrol.r gea. O6a poga npyroM noja je rprz_KopeHy upHa I.l -Ipu no rpr4 nmajy Man'e Bpcre BeoMa qynaBu pen. npcTa Ha 3aAbr4M uvajy ayrauKe perloBe ca IxapaMa ca yAoBnMa. 4orbe crpaHe. [,ve Bpcre MpaBoje4a pe aTIzBHo Be IzKe, TaMaHAyA - v.M.aJy IicTaKHyTe yIIIlI.

Crannrure
l,\aeHo craHHIrITe lerbr{Balra I,I Mpaeoje4a je :rponcna npauyMa. Te,tecHa etbliBaIIa, TeMnepaTypa, HapoqLrTo 3aBvcv 04 oKpy,.I(etba. na 3aro uopajy Aa )r\IdBe Ha MecTy r4e Je TeMnepaTyLr KoHCTaHTna. Aemueqlt pa ronla
c 6

O o o
f,

c0

Aercueu,u u mpaeojedu, LLaKo qH npuru o pa3nuqu mozu3zr eda, cnadajyy najuydnujeod clux cucapa.Onu cy ce eKcmpeMHo cnequjanwo\arLu sajedny 6pcmy x,paHe u cmaHuurma.

npoBo4r4 )+(LiBOT Ha T y U Je aKTHBaH Aarby kr Hohy. O6e Bpcre )KrzBorrzlba 3aqHo MaAy repHropzjy. ytnvajy nprJ t4 a 4pnehe, cra3e H Apyra Mecra ono rbe o6e,rexaeajy Mrl pricHnM u3lyr{eBLrHaMa Hs aHa HHX lxle3la. O6e epcre ce 'ttooc,tarrajy na ceojy nar,reruy a,r.u AIdpaHy ooJy,RaAa ce KpHJy o4 npeAaropa, alIz axo je norpe6no, 6pane ce cnojulr cHa?r(HHMKaHUaMa. e'rvpv Bpcre MpaBoje4a u ner )I(enne,remu BarJau rr,rpaeoje4a pab ajy je4nou ro4rirxlbe no je4Ho paeezjeHo BpcTa erbI4BaLIa xtI4BLI CaMo y HoeoNaCeery. y r-rajjyxHzjrzr,r MlaayHqe, o nojeu ce 3arriM 6pzue vajxa. O6e epcre xrzeorvrsa r,rnaajy Ae oBHMa CAlr-a z y ceeepnoj rroloezHvrJyntne Auepuxe. {,orc cy erbuB- r.r3pa3vro 4o6po qylo Mnpuca u our I IH OTrrpnArZKe rrcTeBe HrrHHe, 4y )I<IdHa c,r.yx.Aen'rzeqn ralrajy 4o6ap BvA,av3upaeoje4a Bapupa o4 16 crr.r y c,a,yvajy rle4a Aa BzA: y 6oju. MpaeojeA Br4Au CBV,\eHOT rr,rpaeoje4a 4o I uerpa rco4 je4uno upno-6eao.

urrHoBCKorupaeoje4a.

3aje4nz.me KapaKTePIrcTr{Ke
I'laKo ce paAA o pa3 Hr{HTrzM }KHBO-

I{sr

TzrbaMa, unax nocroju HeKo rrKo crBapv no KoJrrMa erbr.rBqH ri MpaBoJelri "a.uueje4nu Ha Apyre. O6a cy ycaMJbeHe ?r(r.rBoTr4F,e, aKTvBHe cy Hohy z-eehz 4eo )KlrBora npoBo4e Ha 4peehv. yr H3y3eraK UVHoBCKor napaeoje4a rojrz

mpsnor . <oje f y r a v x o .q y n a B o . 4 a K a B o y noTrryHocTLrnpeKprzBa Te a CBHX erbvBarla, !Ir4IJr4 Aa H3r e4aJy Heype4Ho v Heyrle4Ho. O6uqHo cy crrBo3e^eHKacrr.r opa9T ooJe,rroHeKa A r4MaJy oAcJaJoA a^rLI KoJevM pacTy Ha Kp3Hy. To nornoualre IbHxoBy xauyQaaxy y ruyMcKoM oKpyx(err,y, a Mo)r(ev Aa HM npylxH xpaHJbh Be vareprzje.

eA

Torou nephoAo onnroqeno, roir cy noueo npe 38 MhnhoHoro,qhHo, ie BAcoKrl nocroion r vvtolcKz nelbhBt lh 6 ueropo. I fierrasLlN rzupoaoienra nprznonoiy peay Edentofo, uLtoznoun'6ezy6n' . Ycneuoiy ry6e, TBoph, coMo MpcrBoienr npocre Kyn-boKe EoK nerbhBqnnmoiy 30 6er ropexo co iorru noBpurhHoMo ycr4TtboBoFbe xpoHe. r T e n e c x or e M n e p o r y p o l 3 2 , 7 o c l cnono,r,refiy u h H o B c K or " t p o a o i e n o HoiHrxe, ro6enexeHe o.E cBhx )Khroie xrae Ho rny. .[aonpcrN BorhFbo roiz xrae xo apeehy, zr',roiy neror1lqr1t ioru xraxy reMneporypy, wuehly 24 ra33oC. r nenNaqN rraoiy eenrrh xenyaoq h Kogo ie nyH, Mo)Ke.qo 6yne rexor roo rpehrno FbhxoBo[ Teno. I TouoHgye cy no3Hore roo 'r.r.ryMcKrzcMp[rbxaqN'16or ioror urpzco )Kne3Ao. oHonHHX .[eo rthxoeor xenyuo ie BeoMo uhutvhos. Cuorpo npo6oay Mposo, ce Ao ro onoKulaBo roiraNuoiy qBpcroreno, qhMe ce Hoaornolyie nenocroror ry6o. 347

il MPABoJEflt4 nerutaBqr4
{ llourro ce xpaHHnHceKr1,|Ma, MpaBojeA orp,llrqap Hflu jyxna raMaHAya-Tamandua tetradactyla HMaH3y3eTHO Ayra'{aK H TaHaK jeanx. Jyxxa n TaceBepHa MaHAyahMaiy BefllrKeyoqrblrBe yulr, 1!To yKa3yie Ha ourpl,rHy lblrxoBor cnyxa. Ovn cy tamBeoMa Mafle,uro yKa3yieAa lrM Bl,rA Hl4ierOnlrKO
BilI(AH.

:,u.cnpyxtu rz 4o 60 cM oZ Bpxa rryuKe. Mpaeu A TepMrrrrr ce yloBe y ^er'.ft'r4By n,4,yBaqKy, a 3arr4MyByKy y ycTa.

PasMHoxcaBarbe
[,o 4anac noHatua]be MHorr.tx oBplx tttuBorr.rrba nr.rje 4ono,oHo npoyqeHo u vrs TOr pa3^Ora HrrcMo cr'fyp}lr4 KaKo oBe ycaM"beHe ?r(r.rBoTHrbeTpalKe napTHepa ToKoM ce3oHe naperba. Hexa naxy la pa3lurrure v3lyrreBHHe, xoje uuajy na ceojoj repuropvjn clylrce w 4a 6w o6jaBUA lfIIXOBO CeKCya HO CTaH'e. Mpaeoje4u crojehxu pabajy no je4Ho Mla4yHrre. Ouo ce 3arr,rM rronHe Ha uajvuHa .nef a, a oHa ra laocv. vr olrrx(e KoM. cB oJnM 4yraqKr.rM J e3r'1 Tanva.u4ye, 3a pa3^nKy. oA Apyrrrx MpaBoJela, noHeKa4 HMaJy o^rr3aHrle. M,r,a4ynqe Hoce Ha,rellarnra vr'o ro4LtHy AaHa. Csn,\eun nrpaeojeaje Iz3rlela Bpcra KOA KoJe ooa poArrre,ba JeALTHA BOAe parryHa o MAaAyHrJvMa u xpaHe ux, nonpahajyhu no,tycoapeHy xpaHy. Aemunqz uoce ceoje M azyHIIe, AeBer Meceqv. Mna4ynqr,r ce ol, cvce oA6ujajy ca oKo Mecer1 4aHa, HaKoH r{era ce xpaHe,rnurheu xoje rr,roryAa AoxBare, 4pxehrl ce sa rr,rajvune rpy4r.

.g
G

Mpoaoienr h ne$ABqH nphnsAqiypeay Edentata. Mpoaoieara nopo.uxqh npranonoiy Myrmecophagidae. Ilocroir 4 apcre y 3 peno.Ty cnonoiy: UhxoecrhMpoBoie! phago tridoctylal I My rm eco Cenepno roMoHAyo lTamonduomexicanol Jyxno rouoH[yo daclylol lTomondua tetro MpoBoiea Qsnnenu lCyclopesdidactylusl npranonoiy .[aonpcrr nerbhBqh nopo[HqhMegolonychidae. pony. flocrofe 2 epcrey iennor,,r Tponpcrr.l nerbhBl{h nphndgoiy nopoqhltr4 Bradypodidoe.llocroie 3 apcrey ie[HoMposy.Ty cnonqiy: Xo$uoroe gBonpcrh neFbhBoq lCholoepusholfmannil fl ranoa nerbhBoq .qBonpcrh lCholoep us didoctylusl Tponpcrr,r nerbhBoq rpno cr,,refier lBradypusveriegotusl TponpcrrnelbhBoq 6nenorrpno ra tri dyp u s d a ctyl usl lB fpNeocrra nerbnBorl lBrodypustorquotusl

cneqnja,rneoBaHn,cnopu npo6aenn TpaKl n pu^arorJ eH rsHXoBoJ ucxpaHv, a npepa4a xpaHe noHeKa4rpaje r no Mecer14alea.Ypua u Qexa"luje uz5arJyjy ornpnlr.rKe calroje4Hou Hele"bHo,Ka4a cwtly ua 3eM,by u ro yrrr.rHeHa HeKoM oMH,beHoM Mecry. Kao ruro v. vrMe Kalne, oMlr.beHa xpaHa upanoje4a cy MpaBr.tv repMnru. Past\u,ture Bpcre upaeoje4a eo,ne pa3^nqvTe BpcTe MpaBa rr TepMnTa. IJzuoecnu vpanoje4 o6u.rHo rpa)Klr Be r4Ke MpaBexoju xuoe Ha rly, aKaAa H a M H p H r r rH ee K y K o o H u j y ,o H c e o j r l u cHar(HHM KaHUaMa rrpoouJeMpaBvrI aK. I4ano 4HeeHo Molre 4a noje4e u 4o 30 000 MpaBa,o6lr.rHo ce ua je4Horur MpaBHrbaKyxpaHa oKo MrlHyr 11 He noje4e Brzrxe oa 150 upaea, a 3arHMo4e Ja noxapa HeKv lpyru.Thxo r,ruuoecnu upaeoje4 yno3Ha.cBe MpaBzrr,axe Ha cBoJoJ repHToplrJH, a rrcToBpeMeHo ouoryhana rluxoB orrcraHaK. Llcxnarra Thnrau4ye ce xpaHe repMr4TriMa, rr -i\ebl,lBtlHCeHCKJbyqHBO xpaHe HCTO- HapoqnTo oHHMa rcojz ce rHe34e y BVMa pa3lrrrrnTrrx Bpcra apBeha, a npaeoje4 eaure apeehy. AoK cBH eHr,r rrpoBo4e 6 ao 10 carr4 AHeBHo,xpaBo^pr MpaBe KoJr.r cTaHyJyHa ApBeny. nehu ce. Ocraran BpeMeHanpoBole, Mpaeoje4rz je4y ranof e nrrele v MeA. cnanaj yhz utt:r' 4peuajyhw. Ceoj nrreHxearajy 4yraurcuuje3nKoM. Aen'zequ xopncre pyxe rzuraxe 4a 6z rcojr.r uory 4a wt6aue ns ycra - jesrzx nprrByx^v xpaHy Ka ycrvMa. lloceayjy ULrHoBcKor vpaeoje4a Molre Aa ce 348

cKopo r{HTaB?r(HBornpoBo4e, sHcehn HaonaeKeca rpaHa (y rov no;rox.ajy uzv,e4ajy Kao roMV a cyeor ,ururha) v jely, cnauajy, nape ce u nopafajy. Kpoa rpane ce xpehy nolaKo, rroMepajyhu cBaKrzyZ noce6uo H Mero4uqno. Y perr<raM rrpuluxaM a, lr'aAa cr{ a3e Ha rxyMcKo rlo, oHr,rce xpehy, nysehu cnopo. tr4sHenalyjyhe je 4a cy ao6pu fr^LrBaqu,K'a4a Je To froTpeoHo. Mpaeoje4v cy Heruro noxperHuju na r y 04 ert,vBaua.IJuuoecrczupaeoje4 Mo)Ker{aK Aa ce Aa y ralon. Ceu upazoje4u xo4ajy Ha srlo6oezva npcrajy vl'la Ha cno,raurmoj crpaHrr crona,ta Aa ou 3ailrTI"lTH u 4yraqKe KaHue KoJe cy 3aKpHB,{,eHe Ha yHyrpa. {ee epcre TaMaHAyanpoBo4e fro^oBt4Hy znr{Bora Ha rpaHarvra, cnanajyhu u 1e4yhwy urynJbr4HaMa I apeehy. Onu ce ripehy npv^rrrrHo c:opg no T y 14Hvrr"a4 He Mory ta ce yop3aJy.

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Muu,esu cyjedunu cucapunoju cy Cnenu yMernnocrn Anu caeandonu nemerca. pasnuq.tunxe nocmoje zpynecucapa,roju trucy noju ttozyda npenehde y cpodcmey, pasda,nune. odpefieue To cynemehe eeeepur4e, nemehuxley u nemehu nenyrpu
HorH cvcapz rcoju xr{Be Ha apeehy, yrc'ryvyjyhHri BeBepriqe u lrajuyHe, HeycrparxHBo cKaqy caJe4Hor 4pBera Ha 4pyfo 4a ce ne 6u cnyruralu Ha rlo r{ cyoqaBL\v ca TaMourrr,HMorracHocrlrMa. Th crpareruja eeolra 4o6po Qyr-rxquoHurrre Ha Mecrr.rMa r4e je 4peehe rycro. Ae6aehz cr4capu cy oeaj npo6,r.errr y ee,trznoj Mepr4 rrpeBa3LrJt Ar4,saxea,ryjyhu pasBoJyKorriHaTHX Kpr4^a KOJa CenpoTelriy zsuely npearbr4x H 3azrbrrx Hory.

A EoK ce npn3eMrbyje,nerefia BeBeplrqa ce 3albnue Aa6n 3aKo'{nna. Oan cncapn xe noxaeyjy KaAa cy ceojy 'nerehy' naean6pany, y HopManHoj nosn. flerefia BeBeprqa fluq14 xa 6yqxacrnjy eepsujy caojnx npr3eMHuxpofiaxa. A:r.rje. xihBey AQpuun. 4Ber-pyne MHore ,lerehe BeBepaqecy Ma\e. Te,rourr,r Huje 4yxe oa l35lnr, rluajy u

KapaKTepHcTulraH Ayrar{Ku, qy[aBH pen. OHe ?nHBe rHes4e ce y y rrryMaMa, pynaMa v^v ApyfuM rxynJbHHaMay Xpaue ce KopoM zpeehy lr Ha rpaFraMa. u ceMeHlpeeha, nyno/,IruMa,,ruurherr'r KaMa,a npeTpaxiyJyrzr o y noTpa3v 3a neqypKaMa u 6o6urlaua. Hncy nornyHH BereTap[\aHrlt4, Jep HeKeBpcTeJe4y
14 trTIdlIJa JaJa, HHCeKTe rz ocraia Maia crBopelba. "4tyau vory H Aa He rrpriMeTe eTeny BeBepriqy,Jep 3a pa3^r.rKy o4 no3HaTHJe BeBeprzqe, oHa xpaHy ,\oBn Hohy. Ileme ce BrrcoKo na 4pvo ga 6tr 3anoqela ceoj ,re1 r4cro Kao rxro napa-

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rnaj4epn rr()qurbv ccoj ,r.er ca r\u'rnqe. O t t a c n , ) ( u i .p a t r t H I ) HH ( ) f e . 1 2 t i H t e lrev6paua r.rsr'relv rr,lx parrrHl)rr-\a r,r Br-rHe ce 4rl cle.4eher' ;1peela. llpu ererr,y N()pucrll cuoj vvnaeu l)err Ja 6u muue vrrpaB/bzt^a. Ha nltajr, .lera BeBepuqa \lcNrepH rrol'e Frarl)e.l KaKo 6n ce ;loveriala Ha cBe qe'rHprr. 4l'^t ( |. l) | l , l H L ) i l a B e B e p l r I i l r H o.r\ e r t B a l ) 1 1 p a ne Jylrie o4 30 u, a H cy ga6e,re;rieue u Ay)+iuHe oa 100 Me'r':ll).r. Asujcxa ,re-retra eeucprrrla je \' ( rBaUlrr or6Hpcna Bl)cra. lbtna uaj urrrlI rr ,rnja c'r'aHurx ra cv v (Duncnoj u ,t\ellr rujrr. Te i.*urBorurbc cy Ma c, a eehe ,let'etre

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KapaKrephcruKa A l-naeHa nerehrx neMypaje paseujena MeM6paHa 3a rerelbe. Onu umajy u KaHUe, lr3BujeHe Ka CnorbaAa 6n Mornn Aa ceKy 6o6nqe n noBpfie. -,\elehrr,\c\rvl)r.r .je.iv

| [arrvaHcnrr !re4erIH lc'r'iltn.l cv lto/ltJlxra c:n Floee I'eHueje. N'leJeHl.r ,\e tattrl ((' \r()l\ rJn,tcnt t-llK{)\r}r.ttajr rt,,.t'tlc

vcl)c4 Ael'a. li:\r.tcliu 1lotlarlu Me/lulIrlx c'larrat c\' !ttl() sehn ,rctefrn olr()('\'\'trJ I I . \ C r a r t H ; h \ ' ' l o l ' ( : T o \ ' t z u i l t .I i ( ! l J c v B c , \ l I rJr ( ri()l)() rill() \titrtRe. nofre,.,rrrrrrtte.

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( c N r e r l r i e r r r r V r l o r b r i c .X l l a r r y r ' l p 1 ' r - a r - 1 ; v r r aj e I l o l l t l : l t a K a ( ) t t t t l ' 'n I l ) l u . K e rroh\,, a r\:ur,y cruaBlrjv. Itao crrcrtr-t u c ' j c r i r , r , r e l c f t u o u ( x r v r \ { u . r ' r ; \ r . t A C l i t t t r . l !r r rrrrcBr r, or rr r cr ranajr', trr,tcetru t lal,-r\ar- l r c l ) i l n r ( ) r ' l ) c r t l t , - l e P I I \ I l t l V l ) e l l l l : 1 , \ l l l i I It to rnl ncl)a. .lc.lrrrr upclli ;rintn v Avt r plts:lrrKc, o r i l t , r ( : r n r r o l ' : l N nl a I ' P a r r e .
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Aclcftr.r rlr* .jc rrptiirli. ioju airrutr v , \ v r : .p r l a . , r r . r iu r.r Ha IIosoj ftrrrtejrt. IlcBePIjqe 7rilrBe v lrcrirNr .{er\{)uHNlz lbcrrrea r'relr(ilraua sa .rc(i4eme -jc c,rrr.r, \ : l r j e . r : l l ) o ' r H r ov I I r r 4 r j r . r . rrir neu6p:rruiua,lelefrr'rt \ e B e l ) n t l aH
( )erepu o-it rtr c pH rrrie,rc'r'ehe rJe uc l) n r le ( (' .le.\e \ .llJ(' | |)\ll('. jr xlt,lt,tt,e tl ccBcl)rbarrric. Orre cv c-\nrrHol r.llr',\eJ:l r.rnaBHKll rta() u eBP()rrc:lie, a^lr cv N[l;\o uarr,e. do6pn cy nvtrrru ,bv6HMUr.l. Jce lpvrre Aerehrrx BeBepnlla r,r3 At[lpnrie cv rr()3Hare lia() BeBel)r.llc ca lil)Jbyuacln M pefror'r. O ue ce 1tas.,r r,r ntjt' ()4. ceBepHo-aMepH(rKHx r,r eBpoa' l h i ( r ( H Xu o . r a r r H H \ r r r r r r U H H M . i cM e M ()PaHa clloleila ca \''JolrHMa- rr2rri()r\eUI,INIa, a ile rra L\ei+ilbeBuNIa. I I M t Ir / l v f a r t : l r ir,t v I I a B l ) e l I . I Ioc'rcrje .r'l)r r lpvne .rc lefirlx rs':1,:r, I r ( ) l l r i l r l r x I , r R a o , r e . t c f r t . r o t t o c : r ' l u r .) ' r r p r r o j r l ) \ ' n u ( \ r r l . j r l r r r , rr r r e - 4 e r i rrr' . r ' t r r r t ' l t c l l t t n e r : r ' r r . n l t : r l l r u 1 i 1 1 q ., j,t ' p lu() e clalK\/ xl)aH\'. llnr:rjv c:nea,,ref]an u 6co rr pe;1r r,lr,1eo, Tei+ie l il0r' u,rrr rrarr,e. o
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riopLtcTuM() rblIxoBa aJ\TepFra'l'uBHa HMeHa K)/ Vr()c u,ru tto6er9c. )Kyee Ira Ou,rrlrrnnuua, v trIH4orre:lr,rju, M l r , r e : r , r j r r r j r ; + l H o jK i r r l H . Ja 6u ,rariure ,\e6/,e,\u, -,rerehu ,rer,rr'1rn nvujr r,roxeHr{e rrev6parc rrcro . r c r e h e B e B e p H u e .K o N t r H u j e r t , 1 1 . 1 1 1 6 l)trcTerHvla r4a ce q)v;+ia r4\/r+i qe]\of l)cna H l() Bp\oBa np( lHj\. l:t lJltute ;\H9e H& Ma H ,'rerefin fttlrrlrr, xa4a I lPe^ehy ca ApBeTa Ha ll,pBo. Be,runH cV olnpuluKe Kao Nraqne.Xenne cv cuBe, a rurv;xjaqu 6oje vori.o,ra;1e.

.rerelrH rr-rr -je rarro -jelrra r .\rt tlraI J I Xr x . n o j a x r r c t t r t t t t o , t H j .vrjr.r. Y cpogclsl' je ca Ko:i,\oNr Lr xpaHn evKaiH[lvce HrrIneM u Irvno,/burlN,ra ca. OH je uaju6hra ,le-retrrr' :\eMVp r{ \r()/h('JaJu( nrHe rerhnlrl ol l.iril:

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350

Xug,oTt4tbe ca oKflonoM

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Kpnyuncmarurw?onuuu n;J Cm,apoz u apu,adumo us Hoeozcnernn, cyjedunu cucapu ca oKnonoM, anuynpxoc cnur.t HocrnllMa,eeonyup anu cysace1uo u umajy nonxnJnlo pasnuuume npemrce.

AApmagrno Ayre ]byuKe ocnarba ce Ha qyno Mxprca y norpa3n 3a xpaHoil. V nero je axrueax nocne cyMpaKa,a 3lrMr,l TOKOM Bpenor Aena AaHa. { Ha oraopexom A'|aKaBu apMaAllttrO yBr|aq],|Hore x nyura Aa My IrBlrqa oKnona naAHeHa Tr|O,

cy IIpeKpI4BeHLI peTKoM4AaKoM. flanro.uaHra ce Aocra paarruxyjy no Be Hr{r.rHH, atu cBr4uuajy ayra re a y o61uny rrvtpauwe, BeoMaayre peroBe KOJLI cy HeK24a ABa ilyTa Afi*<w o4 Tpyfla 14KparKe, rvrohse y4one ca jat<uu naur,raua..Penje caerzrrr,rB rz Morxe 4a ce ooaBHJeoKo Heqera vr Aa ce AplKvl KOAHeKprX BpCTa. PasauKe y Be uqLrHIzruely 20 epcra apMa4qubacy joru eehe, a u pa3 r.rKe y Ir3r eay cy, rarcole, Be r4Ke.Melyrrarr,r, Ko4 cBr,rx oK on je crcopo y o6nnxy ilrl(o,bKg - JaKe KorrrTaHe rr^orre KoJe oopa3yJy rrBpcl 3arrrTrlTHri on on

l{vcTvrHvrcaBaHa,vipr y HeIgrM BpcTaMa op4oBr4Tt4x rrpeAe a rAe Je4Ba Aa vtMa HeKor pacrr{r6a. Csu naHror\zHH Mory AOOpO4a Ce nerby, a ARe BpcTe rKrrBe yr aBHoM Ha gpBery. Apua4u.rno Hace.oaBa yr aBHoM npe4e^e Jyxne oK OIIOM, a pen J oot4rIHO C,\LITrHO Auepure, no^yrrycrnrr,cre o6rracrra u rrr,rcruHe, rrambaKe IlpecByqeH, Ha eehzila 4oK Je I,ICIIOA OKIOrra flpeKo paMeHa n KyKoBa, cloJeHe cy pa3lr{rn4TrrM 6pojeu rQrexcu6ra,rHzjrax npeBoJa oKo cpeArber ,4e^a TeIa. Ao I 8 npeeoja fltan<ayu apMa4vJbo ur'oaa rpeKo aela,4ox apyra Bpcra vMa caMo rpll npeeoja. Bpx r,r.aneje saruruhen
XI4BOTIIIba npeKpLIBeHa MeKOM, oor4rrHo l aKaBoM KolKoM. ropo4nqe O6e )KlrBorr{rba cy rrrHpoKo 3acryrrrbeHe. flarrro,rzHz ,(LIBe y [IyMaMa, y npe4e^I{Ma ca xc6yrrernr vrfuw Ha ornopeHoj rycrr.rM
Ha4MOpCKI4M BLICHHaMa v HA

o6ponqzva uryMa. Hexe epcre eorre cyBe yc oBe 3a xtr,rBoT, AoK Apyre )KLrBe y 6aneznra pena. Mefy oenv BpcraMa ry HeKe rcoje ry yBeK aKTHBHeronoM Hohu, nerce rtoje 351

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.Pel opuoaxrbonorhqeoa peqx txoopyxorr nyArt; ormodo ulro 3Horrh rcrKo cy ro Ho3Bonh urnoHcKh KoHKBhcrqAopr. Flpeur opMoAhrto cy 6rnr orpomxn.l$nxosu oKnonxcy 6ununpero 3 uerpo nyroqKr h Axtuiot4)u cY ux AoMoPoqH KOPttcIUnU Koo KoBqere hnh KpoBoBe. r Here opcre opMonhrbo y6nioiy unie roKo urro ce 6oqe Ho $hx L npeceKy
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IlaHroaunu jeay upaee Lr repMlire KOJe Ha^a3efroMony BeoMaHcTaHrraHor qy^a MVpHca.Bpcre rcojeo6uraeajy aa 3eMrbaCeHarHy yHa3 A, oc,ramajyhrzce Ha tuHpoKH pen H ceojrzu onITpHM KaHUaMa Ha npe4r'brzM HoraMa npo6ujajy MpaBrilbaKev repMrirrbaKe. I4Hcexrv ce ene Ha ruuxoe jesrarcrcoju saparrajy ay6oxo y MpaBHlbaK. Orpovran jearln nauro,r.vHa AyraqaK je 70 cu u qBpcro je npzvnpurhen lrrzurzhr,rrr,ra noju npo,ta3e Hrr3 Te o ApM4vlbo x(HBorvrbe cBe 40 nap"tur.Ie. uMa MHoro pa3HoBpcHL\y r4cxpaHy, y xojy cy ynJbyqeHu nHceKrH u 6y6e, Ma u penTu^vt 14cucapr4, Kao v AocTa 6umse vrarepuje. PasMHo)KaBarbe ce par,uzrcyje CeroHa pa3MHo?fiaBarba ol Bpcre 4o Bpcre 14 o4 rbuxoBlrx craHarxra, a eehuHa OBHXt(uBorurba Mory 4a ce pa3MHo)Kaoajy rorcou qe,re ro4uHe. Behuna naHroluHa pala no je4uo Hoeopolena )KHBo.uaa4yHve.
TIlIlba Je npeKplrBeHa MeKoM Kprt'ytuTl{

. O6x,{xr,,r opMqA},rrbo ayre byuKe h co neaernpeaoioMoxe ao nolene u no 40 000 upoeo r,oienxor nyro. [raxoacu nqHronhH Moxe gq noienen co70O r upoao ri. 200 000 noiearrouurx MpoBo, rorou ieaxe xohr. . Og cghx cl,tcopo, ayfopenhnoHronhH peKopano 6poiy npurDeHoBo sp)<t,t 46 nnu 47, yxllly.tyiyfi4 u pen.
cy yBeK aKTrrBHe ToKoM AaHa, I{.ao v oHe xoje cy aKTuBHe y pa3lnrrnrzM rrepHo4vMa y 3aBVcHocTH o4 BpeMeHa u Ao6a ro4lrHe. 3a pas,u,rxy oa naHrolvlHa rcojr,r xaee Ha ApBeny v cK ynrraJy ce IIo fpaHaMa 6r.r cnaBa V, naHro,tlrHpr LI Aa apMaAnJbo Ha^a3e cK^oHrzrrrTe y jaa6uHavra. Be,tu.raHa jas6une ce pa3 HKyJe OZ BpCTe lO BpcTe, a^.H Mory aa 6yay 14 HeKo rzKo Merapa ly6one, froHeKa4 ca Be HKHM no43eMHI,rM o4ajarrn noje uory aa 6yay Lr Ao ABa Merpa rxupoKe y npeqHnKy. IlaHro,ruHz cy yr aBHoM ycaM6eHrrrIH, apMa4uJbo Mo)Ke 4a }IsvBI-j caM, y napy v^r4 rroHeKa4 y rr.ra,noj rpynu. Ceu avajy ceojy reprzropujy xoja ce pas,rznyje no Be,l,riqvHu y 3arncr'ocrr4 04 craHprrxra v Kolurrr{He xpaHe xojaje rbrlMa 4ocTynHa. 352

floxronrxr npNnonoiypeay Pholidoto )'t nopoonv;uMonidoe. flocroir cenou epcro. Benrvuno:.22 cm (nyxxno co rnoBoM r rpynom)go 88 cu. Y opcre cno[ct: Bqrronrx npt3omHr Utlonlis reininickifl Jloxronrx co ApBorq llvlonlis t icusp,d Apuonxno npLnqlo peny Xenorthon

flocroir 20 npcr< Dasypodidoe. oposhr{h r,t Benrqlxo:12,5cn (cyxhxo co rnoBoM cno[o: rpynou)no I uerpo.Y epcre
Apmogxno co roBr npeaoio lDorypus novcmcinclusl opmorhtro Bennwt proKoBr.r lChoctoph roav s i llosu{ fraperba o4^ararba AoNa3v Ao uMrrleMeHTaquje eu6puoHa, na ce paf arre oznrpaBa y npo,tehe, lra4auv,a xpaHe. HaJBHrlre O6H.rHo ce jaje Ae H Ha qernpIz Ae a, raKo Aa ce pabajy rrernpu LIAeHTla9,Ha M^a4yHrrera. Ka4 ce po4e 4o6po cy pasnzjeHu, oqv. cy IrM orBopeHe rz Mory Aa xo4aJy noc^e HeKo LlKo caru. Ml.agyHva4 apMa4vJ'ba je npenpneeHa roxoru. xoja .MeKo\4 rrocreneHo nocraje repf a.

rcoja nocraje rnpfa eeh Harcou rrpBor AaHano poferry. HajpacnpocrpameHr,rjz oA cBHX epcra je o6uqas apMaAv.no Zyre rbyllrKe ca leBer npenoja. Il'erono noHarrrarbe y pa3MHozKaBarby Je npe4Mer npoyqaBana. Haxon jecemer

fleMypuu ranaruiu

Y npoatnuje cnadajynemypu, eanneuju, nopuju, narruju u aoerntun4u. Ibuxoee nwumugMe xa,par$nepucrnuKe u)cr.tuw cpodnur4tt ma majnym. Konxypenquj a ca najnynu,na je npwrnuw c*e, octt*t rcnypa, da nocmany uohuacmeoperca. f ocrn, npoHaleue y Eeponn u 4a cy npe 50 Ja, AQp"ua, nonasyjy
I/MII HOHa rOAI4Ha qOBeKOBPI

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nperjH, ^'eMypH,oH^lr rxprpoKopacnpocTpalbeHr4,al" cy K HMaTcKe frpoMeHe u pa3BoJ MaJMyHa4oBe^u ^eMype 4o r.r3yMuparba.Marru 6poj je us6erao xo^oKaycl y3poKoBaH npoMeHaMa y )KT4BOTHOJ CpeAIlIr{Vt, TaKO rrrTo Cy Ce gprxa v aa n,lyrajyhe 6u.nrce v c yIIaJHO CTLIT LI AO Be LTKOT OcTpBa

{Aj-aj uua raMHo 6paox Kp3HO, npouapaHoca 6ennu.

orrcraio oro 60 Bpcra Lr [olBpcra eMypa, a 14oHr,rxI4Be y onacHocTrl ol acrpe6,rerua norryr ceojrzx npezaKa.

KpyHacror eMypa. EHorrosu Haa-Nvr CTaB.tbaJy la Bplue uCTpalKI4BaEA,

Je Op3IIHa yHI,IIIITaBaIT'a cTaHuIIrTa TO,^HKOBe prKa 4a )KHBOTLrrbeH3yMr4py npe Hero ruro 3oolo3n catuajy 3a FbHx. qrrlbeHuqu 4a ce 80o/o 3axna,ryjyha 6umarca ca Ma4aracxapa Hala3rz caMo Ha roM ocrpBy, HcxpaHa ,leuypa je neo6u.rua Ko r'tKo v caMa xcuBorlarba. rrorlyr 6paou Aerraypr.r nererapujauqu, AeMypa, 3aBrzce oA pa3Anv'lITHX BpcTa ce3oHcKrrx rlBeroBa, IprcroBa u nohrcu. Bpcre Iz3 KLIrrrHIrx rlp2rrryO4pefene

Crarrnrura
Ma4aracxap, rpehe rro Be,tuquHu ocTpBo Ha cBeTy, Je ApeBHr{M^eMyprzMa npyxrrlo sanamyjyhe pa3HoBpcraH zs6op craHr.rrrrra,y rcnyyjyhu rrycrr4lbe v rponcKe rrparuyMe. I4axo cy KrrrxHe rIparuyMe HaJooraTr4Je cTaHt4[rre, acTorra4He ruyMe cy AoM peTKuM BpcraMa rronyr fexeHone cuQaxe z

Ma4aracrcapa, xoje ce o4naja,r.o o4 aQpuuxor KoHTHHeHTas6or y4amaBarba KoHTt4HeHara. Ha rolr ocrpry je 6zrro uarro xrrBorr4rba, rra cy ,l.eMypLI rrocTa^V ocHoBHe AvtBlhe xltBoTLrrbe Ha Magaracxapy v cy ce pa3BH e o4eojeHO O4 AuBtbr4x )KLrBoTHlba y Apyrll'M 4e oBHMa cBera. Ha rou ocrpuy je

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cltsaKa -y AniaAeMa
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LrMacaMo y TporrcKrrMnpauryMaMa, IIa lox ce cuQana or arxaBa KpUIIHMa je crcopo HenaoryheAa oBa ?KHBorHrba xoju seyue Kao rbeHo urrre. Mox4a najuy4wwju og cBlrx npcra sooa je npe)KutBut y 3apoobeHr,rrrrrBy. Bepeoea cnQarcalKLrBLl y 6o,4.,slarcaeoj HarruH na rcojn.ce orlarxaBa aj-aj * raj tlyJe ce rrycTr4r{ou HaJyfy rz HeMailpvcTyn BoAvr 3ByK Kao Aa II}{Je oBo3eMa.4'cKH' ycpe4 Hohra v vtv'a Heor{eKHBaHuKBalr3 rroroKa u peKa. OHr'r cy ce npvlarourer Aawpa. Je4au o4 Haj.lenurax AVAkr raKo 4a Mory 4a npelKrrBe oe3 eo4e, uzjyhu caMo pocy ca cBor Kp3Ha 3OBOBa y TIe OM )Kr4BOTHlbCKOr.r UaPcrBy npun4a nHApv, xoja neea ca^a3paHo yJyrpo. Hr.r Melo4r.rvnz peQper rrizgta6pana Ocer.rusu 6prcoeu eMypa onpyxyjy ceojy repuropnjy na npxy 6p4aruua. CCOCKC II AHTA}KC. B axHr4 uoc, ttoju ce Ha3rrBa plrHaje "nevyprarraa pujyM. 9y-lo r'lrzpr.rca floce6na rrpn flopo4lr rHll ,rcuBor arobaBarba eKcTpeMHoBaxHo, Jep ra. Kopr,rcre Kao I nonyr ruarbzBor eMypa CeaKa Bpcra eMypa ce Ha cneqnQuHercn,ner'aypa cpeAcTBo3a KoMyHLr KarILrJy. qaH HaqrzH nplr^afo4lt^a cBoM cTaeMypa, Bo4e ycaMJbeCnz,neuyprz uuajy rrrupucHe)r{^e34e uttu utrutujer Hlrrury. Aj-aj, rcoja )Kr.rBra HuqKr-tx(rrBol a^n lpyurTBeHa opfaHny.lparuyMaua xoje rcopucre Aa 6u o6e,texurrra ceojy Ha ceBepHoJ LI HCTOTTHOJ OOaJ\H, Ce TepHTOpt4Jy vt ycflocraBu^H BAacT. saquja Apyrrzx epcra je ro HKo c olxexpaHr4 Hohy,,tynnajyhrl Heo6z.rHo Aeuyp npcreHacrof pera rp,ba srlo6Ha Aa Je nPoyrraBaJy rrplrMaro^o3ll rcojr.r npoyuaeajy npunare). npcToM no rpaHaHe )K e34e O CBOJ npyfacTn pefr, KoJIz (uay.rHrzurz 4yrarrKHM cpe4rbr,rM Ma pr oclyurrcyjyhu yurvMa Ha HK Ha 3arlrM Kopncrrr rcao uanapQeuvrcauu Ceer rrerraypa ca flpcreHacrrzM perroM oHe Ko4 clerror Mrz[ra. Thj rco-urvarn urranprh rcojzu pacnpruu MLrpvc. je rarclrvvapcKu. ca crpofoM xujepapnpcT ce pa3Buo Kao aAaT3a npooalalbe Orpoltra KolurruHa uuQoprvraqraja, xzjolr y rojoj 4ouuHrzpajy xeHne.-4ox rcope. {a 6n 4oruao Ao xpaHe aj-aj ce tryrajy no repr4ropwju u ce na4vrehy sa KOJe CeTHqy nO a Lr CHare,Ce npeHocll rcpehe Ha rrerupLt Hore,a Aa 6u ue6erao nouohy Qeporrronay roM Mt4prrcy. rpaBa Ha napelbe, rrayxjaqa ce ByKy rr3a ourehema ceojux KpxKHX npcrujy )KeHcKHX Tpyna. OnH ynercnnjy noc,re Mopa Aa xo4a Ha rrao6oeuraa. 3oe )r(eHKplu 6e6a, TaKo za y 4o6a cyure l4u4pu, xoju ce xpaHr,r ,rzruherra, flocroju orpoMHa pa3Holr{Kocr y r acy rrpBu yrprHy.Muruju eMyp r.rMaHeKoTO r,rKO 3aBLrCe Ol CBOI [pLrpOAHOr CTaMazaracxapcKr4x ^eMypa. Lrac )KyHKo rroroMana, atvt eehzHa npcra HrirrrTa 4a He Mory 4a rrpexr4Be Hvr4e ToMpKor ^eMypa, xa4a je y3HeMrrpeH, ^eMypa lrMa caMo jeany 6e6y. Zcupea uajrca nocz 6e6y xpos apeehe, o6eureAvr-tv Ha pacKalarrrHlr crrex. Mzurjr.r Apyr4e. Ibuxony xpaHy rrpe4craB,ba uajruame 80 pasa,zuurux 6u-,r.ar<a xojux ^eMyprz rrnpKyhy, KaAacy y3HeMHpeHLr, Hy o ceoj croMaK. Kaxo u,ra4ynaq java, rraa, yr,ryvyjyhw u ^eMypa ofp^r.rqapa, yr aBHoMce xpaHe noherra,AoK eMyprd nao ruroje uu4pu je4y,rrzruhe. Czhyurnw uuruju ^eMyp, roju je aKrHBaH uohy, ce xpaHr.t rrHceKTr{Ma.Pyxaua KOJe CTparxHO Hqe Ha rby4cKe, OH . npH4plKaBa cBoJI]AeH 4oKJe4e, r acHo rr,r,naqxajyhra Ha4 rberoBLrM COirHlrM ae oBlIMa. Aj-aj ce xpaHa HHceKTuMa, a a Bo^lr I{ KoKoc H qecTo rr"/baqKa

A Bepeoea cn$ara nma AyraqKe, urutnfiaae xore,

BenlrKe ulaKe ll cTonala ll

A Cnopr,r nopr ie noptAa Koia )r(HBl,r oA EaHrnaAeua Ao Bnjerxaua.On je xof,no crBopelbe Koieie 360r cnopor Kperalba perKo Bl,rArbl,rBo 3a HenpHiaretbe.

orraoryhyjy 4o6ap suA y cyMpaKy rr^H Ha Meceql,tHu. O\u cy HM oKpeHyre Ka pen.To Hanpe4, ruro HM AoAarHo floMaxe 4a AyraqaK je jenar on cBerlocrn H 4a BH4e rrpn npr.rryrueHoj orreHe yaalbeHocr JoK oBe. Oee xueonajeef,nx lwwe uuajy H BeoMa paenujeuo vyrro reMypa. MHpLrCa Ha KoJece oc arbaJyy MpaKy. Ia"r.aruju cy eKcrpeMHo xI4BaxHH, ranarnin ) Hr,rxr,r uuajy ayre 3aArbeHore rcojecy HapoqnKopncreceoje H Be HKU pen TO nOrOAHe 3a CKaKarbe yun Aa BenuKe 3a oaplraBarbe paBHorexe. Jegnaro ce 6u nparnnn nneHy MpaKy. ft 4o6po ocehajy y rpauyMaMa lnao v y a ga6errexenu cy KaKo rprre caBaHaMa, On ce xpaHlr i r,rcKaqy ca fpaHe Ha fpaHy, npe,lasehu T4HCeKTHMa lr I ra no l0 M 3a Marbeo.4 ner cexyH4n. 3a eof,xaua. g pa3^hKy 04 rbHx ,roprajH u uarcujw cy TpoMe xuBoTurbe. Ibuxoso rroHalrratbe oH ce nelbe Ha lbeHa "rela, a o4arle crraJbuBarbeu AaHac TpaJe. je 4eo crparernje ea xarrayQ,taxy.KrraI4axo nocrojrr MHonITBo 3a[rrI,ITHrIX oA asv na ceoje npBe rr3lere y rparbe. sehu, ylaecro aa ce [e]by I{ cKaqy Kpo3 6e6e .neruyprz Hajnpe na44jy, arru 6pso 3aKoHa, eMypr{ ce vr Aut,e "lose s6or rparbe, OHLIocTaJy cKopo HeBLI/,/bI-IBLI xpaHe, a ruyMa ce vr ,4athe ceve.Je4aH o4 Hayqe KaKo 4a Apxe KopaK ca rPynoM. sa.nenpzjarevne. 3a pa3lnKy oa, ra aY noclelme BpeMe ce 4orr o Ao Al,a pa3^ora 3a MMaracKapcKe HeBoJbe Je rHja, Hore cy uv je4uaxe 4yxune. He ys5yuswsa orxpuha y cBery eMypa. KopynllaJa 3aKoHa 04 crpaHe ooraTof MOfy 4a cKasy, a^n K.a/.a vM 3anperll flpno je, ycrnapu, 6zrro noHoBHo rpa4cKor craHoBHtlrxrBa. onacHoc! oHu ce yroqe, ocrajyhrz ornpuhe 3larHol 6au6yconor ^eMypa HenoMnqHrr H MHoro caru. l4ar<o cy KOJrl)r(HBrr y npauryMr'r, a 3a Kofa ce J\opnae paunje cMarpzllo 4a je usyr'rpo.flpyro AopH4e ?KnBe y rponcxoj AQpzupr pI cnopn, rnrarcrzjvl,j.vcy 6ecnolurohnpr. je rcourvar,a Koxa Be HKo HayqHo orxpuhejejeaHa norAstajl, a y rbux. cna4ajy ra,rarr.rju, 3a4mrz aeo Bpara r,rrra 'ut.ru.r'. Aro rax nexpr Kao nyHo HoBa npcra cnQaxa, enaua cnQa- "ropraju u rrrarcnjz. Behprsa Bpcra je aa4e6"naHa . HacranyJenparxyMe ca MHoro AvrJaHav npe4arop HanagHe, uaxraju sapzjy Ka ca 3 arHoM KpyHoM.flponaleHaje (oHrax xoje e,rary r aBy y rxaKe H y4ape lrailaAaqa. y cyBr.rM.rrryMaMa Ha ceBepy Ma4araenurrrlrrrKrrx 6uman<a qpne H3 Ba34yxa, a He u3 r"la). Hl.rxu cKapa KoJecaMo rrrTo Hrrcy noceqeHe 4a Xparra lr ,roB 6ra ce 4o6rao hyryp. ra,rarujr.r Mory aa ce Haly y Be rrKoM I, LBe opr{4e r,rMaJyB a)KHe, OCer,bHBe 4erry AQparce, yr<,oyvyjyhv u er\axHe O4rroc ca qoBeKoM oo,\acTr.r, cyBe rrryMera caBaHe. rbyrrKe xoje ur'r ouoryhaeajy Aa rpalne npe HHCeKTe H 4a npoqer+,yJy KB?L vTeT 2 000 roAHHa uonerc Hr,rje Kao n cBa rrpnMarr.r, nrL au je xo4 /o xcuBeo Ha Magaracxapy. 50 MHAHoHa ^opnaa no3HrIHoHr4paH noa o4pefecoKoBa ur 4pneha H H Ko HKoje sperro ro4HHa ^eMypu cy nMir r4 oBo ocTpBo Hr4Myr oM y o4Hocy Ha ocTa^e rrpcre, eohe. Behe npcreje4y euure soha uero I,IHCeKaTa, AOK Malbe )KIIBOTI4IIe KOHcaMo 3a ce6e. KaAa cy y cnojurvr KaHyH- na raKo Mofy aa xearajy npe4Mere Kao Ma H3 AQprar<e r.r Zn4ouesr.rje crnrlH 14tby4vr. Cnopra,ropuju u uanHjrl zuajy sylrnpajy Brrure r4HceKara. fe6eaopenpBn r,yAv1, 3anoqelo je yHnurreru,e. 34enacTe. KalKrarrpcTe v BeoMa rxLrpoKe nz rarrarzju u M'arcwjw xnarajy eehu Aerraypr,r n eH, Tparajyhu sa perITLI vMa lr ce Hrrcy fllalrrr4 LI qoBeKa, rra rrraKe,KoJr.rMa Mory cHa)KHoJa ce yxBacy ^oBIII{ o4Max y6nja.ru eehe npcre. Te 3a rpaHe. Cse lopr44e )KrlBe Ha nTuarJr4M JaJHMa, [OHeKa4 y OBe I4 je 20 npcra r.r3yMplo, :rca4a Hajr'aame noHeKy rrTHrIy r4 I,r c^erlor MHIrra. cry apeehy la perKo ce cnyurrajy Ha rlo. CTO9apCKa IIieMeHa CIlaJbLIBa a Be"^HKe laaarujrz,,ropr.rjrE n ruaxllju cy uohne Xesne ra-raruja .4pxe repuropujy IuyMe Aa 6u creopr.rrra nanrnane. To xuBornrbe. kluajy Be HKeovu rcojenn Kojy Je^e ca hepnaua. Myurnlzrur 355

n rAnArnJvl flEMvPr4

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o
l @ c o o

@ c -q o o o

.9 Z

A Maxu, vnja 6oja ce xpehe og Ao qpHe,)Kr4Bu, upBeHKacro6paon u ManuM xpanehu ce aofierur nfleHoMKao uJTo cy nrhqe, cflenlr My|tUeBU n rnoAapn.

A t4Hgpn.ceojy reprropl4Jy 6panr rnacHnM Koil4 Kpl4ltuMa cnyx(e n 3a AO314Barbe qnaHoBa rpyne. { 6paon fleMyp y ManlrM xc4Bl4 rpynaMa.Befiu Aeo BpeMeHa npoBoAu Ha ApBefiy,jeAyfiu nuufie Ll ce3oHcKoBofie.
noroMlIHMa HHje 4onlrrulello Ja ocraila OHH rrv rta4a tlocrar{v ?l,o eCUeHTIrI, o4,rvrajv H rrpur'lpy,+ie ce 6aH4aMa M ace repraropuje 4ux uv;+ijana. {ox Ha fIoBplxuHH ?+ieHKH nPOCTIlpy nlvel3v.jeanor H 4ecer xeKrapa. vyxjaqu ra,rarHjr.r yeen r.ruajy MFIOTo Belle repr.lTopuJ e r{oJe oKpyr+ivJy re pl]'roplrJ e i+leHKil.}Keur<e ra,larHia \4Horo l'o/tHrra ocraJy Ha UCTOJ TepHTopuJI{, AOK My4'arjf 4o^a3e H o4\a3e. {or,ruHaHrflpurucKoM froA Be HKT4M Hlr M,v)+uaKJe o4 u,talux MyltjaKa, nclju je4ua venajy 4a rrpey3My rberoBy reprrTopllv I,r nape ce ca rberoBuM )+ieHKaMa. Hano vaxnjr.r n ,ropHjn Ap,+ie repnxao n ra,rarnjlt. ropHje Ha HC|il Ha(rr,tn rr,HxoBa 4pyrxTBeHa opfaHI,I3auHJa Je Mrroro rrame npe<purbeHa It oHri Marbe KoMyHHrlvpajy nouohy rlacoBa. Toxolr jeaue 4p) ril\4a ceojrzx \'raFba.,roprzrr,e HerrpecTaHO ocraBrbaJy MlzpucHe rlopyne. Ia,larujrl nepy pyxe Il Hore y colrCTBeHOM ypI4H,V, TaKO 4a OCTaB,baJy Mr{pHcHtl 'fpar Ky4a ro4 npoly. oee MrzpHcHe osHaKe q/ HecyMrbI'tBo BarI(He y VCnocTaBibaEy TepIITOpHJa' a II MOI,V 4a wwajy H 4pylxrBeuy QyHttuujy y cnaJalr,Y fpyna ra al-HJa.

. Aj-aj je je4ua o4 najpe[ux lxrrBorurla Ha cBery, alu je ne4anHo orrprrBeH n y paunje Herrcrpana )fieHrrM ruyMcrrrM o6lacrnua ceBepy Ma4aracrapa, . Kpane yrpoxanajy npauryMe Ha Ma4aracrapy. Crovapcxa rrreMeaa cna;n-yjy 3eMJby cBare ro4rrHe 4a 6u ctrr.lly.nrrcur u pacr noBrrx rramrbara. 3a rrqua ocraje ur,to,Kerro r.\o roje ycxopo 6usa seoMa yrpor{euo epoelrjou. . Je4na aQpnura rrpuqa rcaxe ga cy uarlrja craBrr,tra y eanary 4a 6lr yxBaTuo aHTEIony. . fa-tarujg rra ettr ecxoM 3Harrrl 6e6e rls :r6yrra (bwh babies), jep ce nohy orrraruarajy sny4nn'ra rojn ca6-rracrrollrrre Ha n-na.r 6e6a. r O.rrr 3arrav4gor aBerrbarca cy Tonllrco Belure 4a je craro rexe o4 MO3ra Te )KrlBoTrfif,e, r Agerraaqrl xcrfge y jyroucrovnoj Asnjrr Jyr{ce og 40 nrsvr.uona roAusa.

.q o c 6 l a c

o f o

PasptroxaBarbe
ce Aopn4e ce cnopo parn,rno;+.aeajy.jep ( BaKero4r4He cavo jeaua o6h.rHopoar.r 6e6a. Majxa ranaraja ce nopaf a y rHe3.4y,npBlrx HeKoIrrKo AaHa oHa y rr,eMy o&\a3H 4a ce xpaHH. ocTaB,ba oeorv,AoK

356

) Gnoco6xocr npoclrMnia ga xearajy npeAMere ce orfle4a y uaKa. flopuju crpyKryph rblrxoBr4x r maxnjn nnaajy ulrpoKe uaKe 9t cMalbeHeKaxlrnpcTe. V naryrbacrn ranarn Kopt4cr,l cnyx 3a npafierue nreHa. l'beroea cnoco6xocr Aa noqlrpa nnex je TOnl,lKO npeqll3HaAa xBaTa MyM,rqe y nery.

6paorr -relryp

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I(AACUAnKAIIWJ A AJvMCKAX POBrrnqA

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Herco,nuno 4aHa nacuuje noqurbe aa Hoca 6e6y y ycrtMa n 4a je craBJba y 6aHsuHLr 4pBera Me ce xpaHu. Y cylrpaK, oHa npaha 6e6y y rHesao. HqtgH MaJKau oeba oTrrpH^lrKe ABe HeAeJbe, ce npalpy)KyJy ocra^rrM ifieHKaMa H froHoBo ce HHrerpulxy y fpyfly.

a
Hexaga cBpcraBaua y pe!, Insectiaora ca rrpaBllM poBq[rlaMa, 3a rrryMcKy PoBrruqy ce racxuje cMarpa o 4aje cpo4unr uprlraTa s6or o4pefexzx nocru. Me[yrEM, xtrBorlrre aEaroMcKrrx c.trEqoBe rrorperrruo [a3Barre neo6rvne 4a cy cy roltrxo MuprrcoM nouohy rr3lyqeBrrsa us rpygue lr< ea4e. Ona vy4na arTaBrrocr ce Ha3rrBa '6pa[ene', AoK ce rperle Mnptrcxr{x x e34a Ea cToMaKy rro rPaHaMa rrluluBa 'rp;rane'. ce Ilexe ruyucxe poBtr[qe ypnny aa 6z y corrcrBeaou a rraTorruJ\e corrcrBeEr{M MnPrrcoM. Crpxa o6e.nexaBar6a reprrroprlje je 4a ne 6u 4pyre poBqnrle y alrr e y EtrxoBy upfiaxajy cTo[a o6rracr E Rpa e xpany,Tojecr nEceKTe n Dr.ncre. I4axo ua.ne, rnyMcxe poBqnqe cy, yr aBEoM, crrpeTEe y ^oBy M al4nx [aqoBa rr MurrreBa, roje y6njajy yrPtr3oM 3a BPar. M.na4yuqu ce pafajy c^etrn, ro^n u rEe34y 3a r yBa n ocTajy y cneqnjaluou rEe34a. oA riaBrror 6e6e, o4nojeuoM Eelerrrepora u [prrseMxa Muxujarypna, rrryMcxa poBrrnqa croje u"ra4e 4oju canro 5-10 uuuyra rra cBaxa 4na gana. Fe6e M exo 6oraro npotennnnpexnne,jepje Ma I EMa nucox myMcrce poBqnqe xa-rran;rmo ca,4pncaj uacrr. Mla4e je4y, AoR ce s3nerra4nsM

cBpcrane y corrcrBenu pe4 Scandentia. Behusa uryMcxrrx porrruqa rrMa oqu, nocraBJberre uocrpiuilIe, 4a 6u uome Aa B[Ae cBe oxo ce6e. Oceurnsa lrymKa EM ,ruurhe v CJ\yt(E 3a PoBarbe rpoe loBJberte xpaue. Mo;rge rroner(ar4 ,roBe ruaxaua. Cauoje nrnnopena ruyMcKa poB"ruga uohno crBoperbe z je je4rna rpcra xo4 xoje cy oqu nocraBJberre rrarrpe4 .4a 6rl uor,ra 6o"rle 4a Bq,4E y Mpaxy. Illyucxe poBquqe xc{Be y trapoBrMa, nehy 4pymrrea ,E rronercaA Qopurpajy ny rpytry ca cnojnu uoroucrron. Orre Mory 4a Ae^e AoM y rreKoM rrryrrJbeM 4e6;ty, aru y ,roB rr4y o4rojeno. Teprropuja o6nrse rryMcxe poBrrsqe uorpma oro je4xor xexrapa, a.ltr Ko xr<a ro4 4a je, cBe rrryMcxe poBrr[qe .4eQuwury crojy repuropnjy sa ^oB TaKo rrrro ocTaBe MrrpucEe rparoBe rra TJry,rrecro y o6rnxy Ills4anuqn xarrrsaga ypv.x.a n tlexa-,ruja. E rpanqqqe cy o6errexceuz

qoserc yHHrrrrHTeJb
trIarco ce noHerial .4plxe Kao xyhHlt my6uu4u, ra,raraje, ,toprzje rz narcuje qoBeK He oBr.lpa4r4xpaHe rz^rrKp3Ha. Ouu cy ro,luKo crLtl1br4Br4 4a ce perKo lajy sn4etw. l,raeHa nperrra je cralHo yHIlIXTaBarbe rbuxoBor cTaHI,IuTa 04 crpaHe tbyAw.

Aserrbarln
Anerruauz ce cnarpajy :a maprzny xoja He4ocraje wcuely Apyrvlx npocuunja n vajrvryna.Aserrtaur nvajy orpovne 3a4rbe Hofe,Aynlo AylneoA re,ra, moje rzvronaoryhyjy Aa [paBe crreKraKy apHe cKoKoBe Kpo3 pacrLrrbe. Kao v vla4pr4 nopo4t4rla eMypa 14 oHr4 ce nerby LI cKaqy y Blz'cvHy.Aeerrsaqu Mory Aa orcpehy BparHe nprrrrbeHoBe y 6u,ro KoM flpaBrly rrrro znr orr,roryhyje aa

Ee rpexi4epy r He Mory i4a Mp4ny. Y rnesAy ra 6e6e ocrajyje4au mecegt a 3arEM ce nojare xao ua-te repauje cnojux po4r.rre,'ra. Ca qernprr Meceqa poBrr[qe cy cuPeMHe 3a rraper6e,

357

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V ulynaen aBeTlbaK )|(!tBtd rieMyp n<nanY nopeA peKa. npauiyMaMa Xpaxn ce lrHlrcroqHeo6ane. pn6onn t{ecro pafia ceKThMa, n xpa6ama. 6nueaxqe. A Onnnnnxcxu

) Becenn neMyp je aKrrBaH xofry. On Moxe ga npecKoql,r 14 no 5 nnnauefiy Aea craSna.

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oKpeHy lnaBy r{ uorne4ajv r*r: ,tefa. Pyxe u rrore rifluByliy Snnsv rela H o/r,ypHy ce yFrasa4, nontotry ceojux

ItvraqFihx. q) naBHX l)cilotra r<ojrr rrv cly?+(e:ra ynpaB,baFr,e.Oxper v Basdvxv Hu olroryhvje aa ce cilvcre Ha r o, rleaajyhu yHanpe4. Aeerlbarrra uruajv orpoMHe or{}r rra rrpcai+,oj crpaliH ,ro6ame, rxro rz\{ oMoI'yn;/Je cTepeocrioricr\u EHA KOJ'r HM rrorvra,|e 4a npoqene vJarbeHocT Ka4a cxaqv. orrlT'o cy notrrra crBoperba, Brrl

HNrJe tseoMa Ba;+iaH,a OROJ BPCTTTJ9 laFi u eaxHujr.r Hero qy,to vrrprrca. Behn 4eo lroeraje nricseheu o6pa4n pa3,,rHrrriTHX BpcTa BH3ye^rri{x Ha4pait<aJa. Be,rzne vunr yxasljy Ha arul+,eFrlrqyJa unajr r.i Re(r\,rao(errtrr{B <,rvx. nojn .je Heonxo4aH :ra ouliparse rL\eHa H()hy. A c e r r u a u r c r H a j a r ; r r e H r - r j r)r c y \ , r pan. OHu He calir.) je4y uHcexre, eeh ec'i'o roBe xa6e, npa6e rr ryrrrepe. Hariou,je,ta ,uv;*jauu rr i+(eHKe rrecro neBaJv JetHu Jpvrr.{Ma.

f ono.';.ir,t npunoaoiy nopo4r,r4, Gologonidoe. I I epcroy 4 poao, rne cnoao: lonouio co Hoo'{ophMo(Galogo uarsehieiJ flopNir u t'roruiunprnonoiy nopoaHr.th Loridae. 6 spcroy 4 poao, rge cndno: Bvrrrctnogvt (Loris nrdigmdul Aeer|soqN nprnonoiy nopoahr.th Tarsiidoe, 5 npcro y jenxou poly, r[e cnogoi Aaernox oo HooqopxMo (TarsiusspectruuJ

MaiMyHu Crapor CBera

{ Majxa}r MnagyHqef,y6acror uaxaxuja. Oxu cy qBpcrerpa[e lr Aocrlrx(y re)KHHy oA oKo 13xr.Ha 6yTuHaMa umajy jacryvrf,e oA rBpge xoxe 6eg AraKa,a xoju ce paeaujajy HaKoH ny6eprera n qecTocy qpBeHx,

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ocrpey Eopreo. Ogpacnn uyxjaqr nuajy BenlKe,xcTypexe noceae,xojr npeAcraeruajy ceKyHAapHe norHe KapaKrepuGTl,tKe.

Majnynu Cmapoz u,ucy Ceema crnapu. I'Imecydo6unu no cBoM z.eoepafcKoM nopeKrL) us Afipuxe u Asuje.Odeajarce spcnxa Cmapoe Ceema cesepona,nmn decuno y cxopuje do6a u moje Hoso, ys1ydnueo noztlartbe ) enonyquju npuManxa.
T f ao vr :rio1rbyAu, wajuywu Crapor Ceera zrr.rajy pyxe H Hore, npuJ( I \'raaroleHe 3a xBararbe. ll,socnaTr4 HOKTpT Ha fIpCTLIMa Cy 3aMeHr4^fi KaHUe ApeBHprx[pvMaTa, a pa3Br,rH cy oceribr4Bn jacryuwhw Aa 6u tuvrxor.u rrpcTri Mor^r.r4a o6avmajy pa3He Ae^nKarHe rrocloBe. I,Icro rcaovno4ttby4cne pyne, *rajuyncKv rralarl MoxceJa ce poTLrpa v 4a ce nale Hacyrpor ocra r,rM rrpcrvMa, quMe ce ouoryhyje cHa)r{Ho I,I nperlr{3Ho xBaTarbe. Majrnryna BvrAe oA l'l'vHo y 6oju. Ovu cy r{M ycMepeHe Ka Harpeg, TaKo 4a wuajy crepeocxorcnvr Br4AH npoqerbJyJyrrperlr43Ho y AaheHocT.

Me[yco6Ho ruuap-eme z vyeame 6e6a cy naxne aKTrrBHocru 3a orryBarbe qouopa rnrajrvryua Ha oKyry. I{.a4a je4au uajuyu rrdMapu Jpyfor ca Br4rrrHM craTycoM, oH crBapa. npujarencrv o.AHoc ca [bI4M u Ha ral Har{vH [oootbluaBa flopo4nvHrr rcrrBor COTICTBeHLI cTaTyc y qorlopy. Majr'rynn Crapor Cnera cy pa3Bv^H Tiauaperre M aAyHaIIa ce o6n.rHo pa3^Lrlrr4TeBPCTeApyrrrTBeHor rroHalpenyrrrra uajraua v cpo4lavrrlrzMa. (uuajy jearuarba. Hercu cy MoHoraMHra 9ranz ce 4a rr.rMaperbe6e6a yuupyje u Hor ceKcyalHor naprHepa), arrn sehunpyrlta HearpecnBHr,r'saje4Hnvxv uvrb'. Ha xvBr{ y qonopuMa r4eje cerccya.nHr,r flpanehu rpr4Mace rz qorchyhz sy6uva rrprrcTyrr xceHKaMa" pery^HcaH cTaTy- 3aJe4Ho,MyxJarlu rr4Mape oeby 14r4rcotu.Y HeKLIM cnyvajenzr"ra AoMvHaHT- pajy ce c rboM,apxehz je eaje4ny Hory Ht4 My)rcJaK HMa MOHOTTOi. Ha OOOCTpaHO HAA.rpyrrOM 4OK Ce r,r3MOTaBaJy 3a,{{eHKI.r, Besa roja ce Qoplrzpa zsAoK.y ApyfLrl/r rrocToJprBr.rue goBo./bcrBo. r',ry>rcjarca 3pe^r4x MyxJaKa y HcToM rronopy. vef y AorulaHaHTHor y qoropy Berruqnna rpyne ce pasruarcyje. vrM/\a4vtx MyxJaKaJe BarKHa3a o4p)KaAaHrypz xr,rBe vlr{ Kao caMorHr4 Balbe xapMoHHJey rPyrur. rrrprjaqz v^r4 y cKyrrvfiru y nojoj rvroxe Korvrynnrcaulaja Aa vrua H npeKo 120 je4nuKz. 3,rarHrj nphacna majrvryur,r, caraHcKrr rlpHH vl Majuyun ropnicte clolKeHy MerraBlrflenanros rIpBeHr4 rco,ro6yc )fitrBe y Hy Br,r3ye^Hr{x14BoKa HprxcurHa^a 4a rpyraMa rrpeKo 80. CypeaHc ca oc6n uelyco6Ho KoMyHlrrlrzpa^v. floa.orpea MenraBaur v nphacru vajrvryrrz xaj re,nao6zqHo norcasyjecepBHlHocr

Mamu reo Mo3ra ce 6asu aHaALIMajvrynra uory 4a o6pa3oM Mr4pr4ca. 4e npr4lHrrHo clorxeHe zHQoprr.raqzje, 4a fipaBe Qzua nopeferra, a Ba]KHe og yKe aajy rpynu cuoco6Hocr 4a ce npvlaro4rr [poMeHaMa. Marcarczjn a J\aHrypkt cy HaylIvr^vr 4a )r(r{Be uopeA rroBeKa,na r{aKv Aar.opvcre raj o4uoc, n,ra.rrcajyhz u rcpa4yhu xpaHy.

pela cy MoHofaMHVv Kao 14 cBHrbCKOf upHr4 Kpaxaua rr,rajuyHz prs Ka\a6oqe, o6rz.rHoxr.rBe y napoBlzMa,a noHexa4 ux npare v rroroMrln. Ko4 uuorrax npcra, upeno6pojnz ra Hespella r'ayxjaqu o<popu.ryjy rpyre Hexerba. PesycrraajrtryHlr r(vBe y Be;rvKnM rpynaMa 04 oxo 85 je4uur<u, xoje cy oprpyne raHkT3oBaHe y'uarpuazHe' LTAH oKo xeHne BHCoKorcraryca.3a pesyc uajuyne, rcojz 6pane rrlaHoBe cBor Marpr4^r.rHara y. c,ryuajy 6Hao xaxsor Irafia4a, cTaTycJe H3y3eTHoBalKaH.

Tnuaperre

MAJMyHT4 crAPor cBETA

I Myxjax Xauaapuja naanjaxa, naro eennrn, je
npll|nnqHO Bl,lTaK.

On uua lr3Ay)KeHo nlrqe ca r3paxeHlrMnyKoM Ha Mecry rAe ce Hoc cnaja ca qenom.

V 6e6a Ayropenor maxarujay uajsuxou Hapy,{iy ucrpaxyje ceoje Tenon nrpa ce ca pyqnqaMa n HoxlruaMaKaor qoBerosa 6e6a. Majuynn Grapor cBera no o6u,{xouruajy iegxo MnaAyHqe MaAa ce noHeKaA pabaiyn 6nreamqn - HaKOH neplroAa recraqnjeog 140220 Aaaa,ysaBxcHOCTl,l OA BpCTe.

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ruqa;(2)AeEpa3lrH uajuyx; (3) aepeer;(4)

MOHA U TBEHOH

'nocraryca. 3a uajrr,ryHexojz saysuy rperuHy uo3y ce ayroMarcKr4 cMarpa 4a usasunajy na4rtroh Bl{rue paHrupaleux uH4vtg.uaya. Ro4 Ayropenux aQprdrrKrrxvrajruryna xoju xnee Ha 4peehy y oKBr.tpy rBeHoH fPyne, roBop Te aJe HarlarrreH yfia4nutBr4u rrrapaMa.Japne 6oje na uqy, pery,6yrranavra H reHLIT:rAr4JaMa upeHoce nopyKe Kao JeAHa Bpcra reorraerpHjcnorceuaQopa. je raxofe Borca"nHaKoMyHr4KaIIuja BaxHa. Bepnerra, Hup., cy pa3BI,IAIz pa3^nqr,rTe 3ByKoBe 3a y[o3operbe y 3aBr,rcHocTr4 04 onacHocTl4 KoJa ItM rrperr,r. KaAa uu npere op oBLI, oHI4 wcnymrajy Ay6orcusnyx rcojz yno3opaBa ocrale 4a Hanycre BpxoBe Apneha. z flucrasr4 3ByK yro3opaBa Ha artauje Ha BepBeTI,Ice y.cTp_axy ycnPaBrbaJy
324lbe HOre la OI4 MOr^'H TeMe./bHO

H,^Ii 4OMHHaHTHOCT,

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ca xpynou (5). O majuyxy

oBaIHOr nltqa,

rojn xren Ha BpxoBuMa gpaefia lt xpaHu Ce pa3nrquTl,lM 6unrxaua, ce Mano 3Ha,Xr,rer $ y Mannu rpyna- ! Ma lr u3mega Aa E He npOU3BOAl,l I HxKaKaB 3ByK. E

nPeTpaxr,rTlrApBo. 4oMHHIrf pyurrneHuM rroHarrrarbeM uopa npoqec yqerba. Mtra4w rvrajrvrynz pajy aa Hayrre ra relecHo, r,I BoKaIHo rr3prDxaBalbe 4a6u MorAL 4a QynxIlzoHr4ruyKao o4pac^pr rpyuz.Jesr,rxje 6uTa}{ u vrMaK.6yrrHy y^ory y eBOAyIII{I,I HOBr4x BpCTa.

Ionop re.,ra
Majuyncrcn roeof rela Molrceaa 6yae s6ynyjyhu, jep r.rqraHa ceKcyallavt.v lr.a4a uwje. VI rtryxcjar, r4 )r(eHKa MaJMyHaroKa3yJy cBoJero3aAulre Ao-

{ CaquanaB}tjaH y iyxHoi x(],rBx A$pnqr. flaenjaHlrxlrBe HaTny rl

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Henpriarerbaie neonapA.

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v ManApnn ce naKo npeno3Haie no 6l|3apHnm urapaila Ha nlrqy. Inqe oApacnor irtyxqaKaie japxo qpBeHo x 6neAo nnaBo. xexra Hlrie rorxKo ApeqaBa H }|MacaMo Mane nlaBKacre AeroBe Ha o6pa3XMa.
MHHaHTHpTM MyXCJaTIHMa KaO4a UX nO3nBaJy Ha naperbe, aJ\r{ To Je HopM:lAHv recr yMuperba. Kao pearqr,rjy, a Qa MyrKJaKMoxe 4a ce noflHe Ha MaJMyHa no4aHr4xa, uuurupajyhz napene. 9raHehn ro, oH npr,rxBara no4aHnruTBo xoje uyje noHyleHo. I4zpazu HrIa ce Koprrcre KaKo 6u ce [oKa3a H ocehajr,r r.r HaMepe. I4cxexenra zy6u z Bpr{rrrrarbe rroKasyjy sna.rajny y3HeMr,rpeHocr. IJorrarae nonasyje nprljare,rcxo pacrolo)r(erbe rr o4cycTBo He[pnJaTeibcTBa, a rIBoKorameje v3pa3 no4aHuqKor craBa. Majuyur,r Crapor Csera ce xpaHe noheu, auruheu, [y[o,6rlr,rMa vr vrsy 3aBr,rcHocrlr 04 Tora ruTa AaHUVr:,rda, Mory .4a Haby y nenocpe4Hoj orcouHr,I. flouexa4 je4y uHcercre n jaja. MaHra6rEjr.rnorre nohe, alr,r rryHo BpeMeHa [poBo4e rpaxehr4 uHceKTe LI je4uuu cy r'refy r'rajuynzua Crapor Caera rcojrary,re Kopy ca Apneha. ferraga nanujauu cy Heo6uvHa no ToMe rrrro nacy. Herca4a qecr [pr,r3op yAQpzqu, rela4e ,Aanac?Kr,rBe caMo y Erzonrnjr,r, r4e Mory 4a ce Br.r4eKaKo ce4e Ha T y y Be r4KuM qonopvrlt'{a vr caKyilthaJy BIaTLT TpaBe vAn cKvAaJy ceMe ca Aprur{krrla. l4cxpaua rcoao6ycau ALrcHrzx MajyyHa yx,iayvyje Be nKe rorrra.uiue luruha. 36or .rzrbeHraqe4a je 6oraro qe ylo3oM, spelo auruhe je qecro HecBap,6riBo H,l'LrorpoBHo. Kolo6une uajrrayHz cy 3aro pa3Bu H npe4xe^y4arl xojrje uo4raQnronaH Kao KoMopa ea QepueHraqnjy I r.cojoj ce upor43Bo4e6axrepuje KoJe r{MaJy ABa BaxHa 3a4arKa - oHe pa3larxy rlely o3y Aa6uce ocao6o4uLIAeaKTI4a eHepII,IJa,a LICTOBpeMeHO nupajy MHore roKcr{He uuaraj HarrHH or'roryhyjy uajuyuur'aa Aa ce xpaHe It orpoBHoM xpaHoM.

fnenon naajuynu
Bepner nlr,r 3e eHH qajuyuu npunavr rvtrrvtqAaJyrBeHoHrpyrE MaJMyHa rvrajr"ryHr.r. nu cy aQpr,rvxu O6u.+ro xune na 6arperraonor'r 4pnehy ysno4y u jeKOJIr )r{HBey CaBaIra4VHU Cy rBeHOHr,r rvra. flarac r'.rajuyn nMa ayraqKe Hore Lr npu"raroleH je sa xznor ua rrry. 36or Te pa3^zKe oH. ce cBpcTaBa y il_o_ceoHy rpyry, o4nojeHo 04 rBeHoHa.l4at<o eehu, narac uajrtrynz ns6eranajy cyrco6 ca BepBeruMa. Ocrarru rBeHoHr.r lxnBe y ruyMI,I. Thuo r4eje craHr,rrrrre6oraro, qerr4pr,rrreT BpcTa Mo)Ke 4a 4e^u vrcTy ruyMy, rnrefyco6Ho 4eaehu xpaHy. Hajr',ramn or4cBr,rxr"rajuyna Crapor Ceera, rarra[OI,IH, XI{BU y.MOIIBapHLIM IUyMaMa y n,\oAHoJ Hvr3vJvr 3ala4Hor 4e^a rIeHo o N _9

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renepaqraje y reuepaqujy. Joru je4na 6uaapna KapaKTepr{crl,IKa TpoBI,Ix MaJMyHa Je bLIxOB OTpOMHH 6yx.Byay\u 4aje uro Ha EopHey cr.rpoMaIIIHQ, a OlribKerrpaKTlrtrHoHeJecTI,IBe, rvrajrrayura rnHra Iauajy BeII,IKe KoMope sa Qepuenra\ujy y cnojau croMarlr.rMa. Ll ouvr zr"rajy cnequjatuu npe4xe^y4aq rcojz cagpxrn 6arcrepuje Ba pa3^aralbe lle.^y.Ao3e qVMe OTpOBHe OI4,/bKe

rpa He A<ppzxe. uocrajyjecrune. Majuyun rHHH Haceranajy r',rovnape ca MaHrpoBaMa,ca hyuypou n peqHe floHarrranre rHHa rparuyMe y Eopney. Myxjaqz cy 4yn o Myxjaqu ruuu unaajyxapeM y KoMece nehra o4 )KeHKr,r uuuajy AyraqKe HoceHa a3I,I .4O OCaM XeHKr4 U rbl4XOBO rrone rojn rnM BHce rpeKo ycra. FIoceBu ToMcrBo. Aa*y ce saje4no xpaHe, a u cy Ba)KHI,I 3a ceKcyur^Hy upr4B^aqce yBeqe npuapyxyjy Apyrr4u rpynaHOCT, fra ?IteHKe BO e HOCaTe MyrKJar,n 4a 6ucrraBa H ua 4pnehy xoje nucz rce.Eno.ryqnja ce je no6pnny,ra r{ 3axwsna( perrHnx o6a,ra. Ca necrajamelr na,,rjyhn moj Hocenr.ruocrajy sehu ug AHeBHor cBer a Morre 4a ce vyje raro-

361

MAJMyHT4 crAPor cBETA

MajruyHr-rCrapor caera nprana4ajy pe4y Prinates nopo4rrrla Cercopitheci;dae. llocrojrz 86 npcra y 18 po4ora r.rABe ro4nopo4HlIe. Be.ng.rusa: !,yxuua rlaBe H retraS4 cu (rarranozu) go 70 cM (r',rau4pu,r) uua Y no4nopo4ngu Cercopi,theci,nae 52 epcre y ll po4ona.Ty cna4ajy: Bepner (Chlorocebusaethiops) Idpnn uara6u (Lophocebtuaterrimtu) Y no4nopo4utlu Colobinaeuua34 Bpcre y ce4aM po4oBa.Ty cna4ajy: Cpe6prronncnu uajuyn (Ttachlpithecus cristahu) Majuyn ruu (Basalis laroatus)
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pe3yca.OBa V nopoAr,rqa MaKaKH ceMeHKaMa Bpcra ce xpaHu BofieM, H 6o6lrqaMah Kpefiece 3ace6Ho unn y rpynaMaAo 35 jeAnnrn. Ha rny, a )r(148r4 Pesyc MaKaKI,r cnaBa Ha ApBefiy. A Xyrn naB,riaH rrMapn Apyror y HaqHoHanHoM naBhiaHa napKyy Kennjn. nopeg yKnalbalbanapa3r4ra,rhMapelbe ie lr ApyrurBeHa MyxiaKa aKrnBHocr.flonaunaxrHor qeufie oA ocTan1,|x qflaHoTUMape Ba qonopa.
'meiKarba 14 cliKIaF,a,AoK ce lrvxjaqH r\/pe' rrpe4 csojr.ru ;+ierrriaN{a. Mvxjaqn v xape\{uMa repujy ,tpvle r , r r , l j a r i e .r l a r i H c ( ) t l ( T B e l t ec u r r o u e x o j n Qopurr pajv r'[)yrre rrerfierba. Ka4a.caspy, HC;+iebe r.r3a:iHBaJy olpac^e M\rriJaKe, a Mory ce u tt<lryhn ca rr)rlMa,Aa 6v 3aJo6u,lH rrprrcrvu xapeMv. Ka4a rroeu MyxiJaK npev3Me xapeM, npRa cTBap ( t\ s t'-llrrro6rrjt'rr()rr)\rF r i r j r r 1 l : r - 1j n e( , 1 r rI )erx( )JHn ria. Oaia,lour her Ie ;+iell tte ot1Mllx ilot rajr tt.r,),r,rH r en ( ) B Hv r , l . j a n t c rtal)H ca rbl-rNra Ja 6u or:rroeao HOBv Jr.rr r r t r r j v . A K o x e H r t ' H C l l r ) . \ cn o e a j , r H j r . ()re rrArrvLlJrir xj a r l l e v r r n p H , t l l r ; + rj v c e r , t , r l r r ev a j m e - r p v r rj r p v n l l . J J ( ) H e t { i 1 4 ttti6et'lrt, H3 xapeivra :la 6i,r lrirurrur-nle 6e6e o4 HoBOTMVT+ijaKa. Orre ce rrprzHc:rpe.tprxrjv nvr rjr hoj norrv,raurrjn ,rux u,v;xjarca no.jn cy <prrsuvnu cyBurue \l:r I4 J:i 6n ux Harra,u4 H.Aunporepa,\u.

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I Kono uyxioqh Mo+npnnt )4nunoanioau reaoiy ro 3Hor{v Ao npere ocroqonopo, nororyiyhN nHMqnoHoBHMo BenAqAHy ceoiraxoqrtoKo. I Aro xeHry xoHyMoH noHrypo t',tyxior ceKcyonHo HrHoPl4ue,oHo MO)Ke ,qOrO yAOPhVnUflO rO noqyno. I flerexfio Koxe no aorne roa no fz6ponropy )KhBhKonoHuioSop6opu rr,toiuyxo, BpcreMoKoKNio, ocrpeo he 6nrn 6pwaacro. Ho fN6ponropy cy :ourNhenr, qyBohx eoicro,onra y MopoKy h Anxzpy r-bhxoB 6poi onono. I Myxioura MHorhxapcro rar,aoiy upBeHeneHHcer iopro nnoBe cKporyue, roie norolyiy no 6r oreponrl cyI nopHhqKe rpyne uyxioro. Mon.qprnr a o ra,ttoiy cnnvxe 6oie h Ho Koxh nhLlo. @ @ I Aro ce Ap)Key 3oroqeHhuJTBy, r[e ! i: He [ono3h [o roveho, renzronzie ne- o '= Khx xeHKh oreKHyz nocroiy ioprrie l(! 6oie nero wto 6u 6nnev Ellrb Hu.

y aefieu geny BepBer xr,rBr4 ASpnxe, jyxxo oA Caxape. y Mefyrnu, o6n.{Hora HeMa qeHrpaflH14M o6nacr[Ma jyxHe A$pnxe. Oaa epcra r4Ma unpoK peneproap Kp14Ka yno3opelba. { Cpe6pnonncHn MaiMyH AyraqKr,rx yAoBa,BeoMaApxlr Ao replrroplrje H x(ecroKo je 6pann oA cBr,rx yrbe3a. BoH( poacrBay qonopyrcoju creapajy Y,rauonpr K ar{oBeu 6anAeuajrravna. ucre 6aH4evelyco6no capa\yjym6u orepalH yJbe3e. Myxjaun ocrajy y rzcTOM K aHy TOKOM qe^Or CBOr OlpaC Or

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pncre 3a rrcrpaxtuBawa, r{auac nocroje cTpprKTHa y[yTCTBaKaKO 4a CexyMaHO nocryna ca ruajuynzrtra rcojz ce xprnyjy paAu HayKe. Y l4a4ujntr4y4ycu nonrryjy XauyuaH ^aHrype Kao HHKapHarJuJe oora-MaJMyHa Xauyrrraua,nojrzje cna-a,uo cnoje rruqe u urane xa4a je Kpao MaHro. By4uc'ru raxofe ne 4lz'pajy^aHrype, LraKooBH nrajvynr.r najaehr,r4eo cnoje xpaHe y3uMaJ/ O4 rro/borrpr4Bpe4Hr4x yceBa uNu ,. Ynpxoc $*puay na rcyhav npo4aBHr.rqa. ) ror're, yropaK je n 4ame Xanyruanoe aaw, rca4al4u 4yua nocehyjy ceoje xpa.E_ t Moee 4a6nrpa4wrluoHul Ho rrory4vrtw xpaHy MaJMyHHMa. E

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3a xeHKe canl{o KaAacy cnpeMHlr 3a pa3MHo)KaBabe,allr xaMa4p uja nanujanu Qopr'rzpajy aese rcojeMory Aa rpajy roTh sesa He 3aBr,rcLt oA cexca, AvrHaMa, jep ce HacraB,oa HaKoH ruro 4ofe 4o rraperba H ToKoMrpy4uohe. Ka4a caspu, MAaAvr r'.ryxjax uaoujan rrolKe^V 4a crBopH concTBeHlrxapeM. je onaCyxo6 ca oapac^HM naeujauor',r caH, na ce HeKlr M a{yHrIn 'cnpzjare,ne'
ca He3pe uM )KeHKaMa H3 COnCTBeHOT K aHa. To ne v3a3vBa Mpxrby AIv'lzHaHTHor vyxjarca n rrlaa4uh Mo)Ke 4a npr.rByrre.aAoIecrIeHTHy )KeHKy 4a Hanycrv rraajny vr o1e ca rrzr',r. Ka4a ca3pr{, oHa rrocTaJe rberoBa rrpBa napTHepKa.

A Janaxcru MaKaKu, najeef,noA MaKaKnia,ie cBl,fx xlrnaBa Bpcra, jare enue xa xoja npexnBrbaBa ceBepy Janaxa.BoneAa ce xynajy y TepManHxi,r Dr3BopuMa. cBe v Majxavyea 6e6y BepBera
AO AOnaCKa HOBOrMnaAyHqa, OKO roAlrHy AaHa HaKoH pofierra npBor.

fi Tponcxe npauryfie ce yHxilrraBajy roo lt4KoM 6psuuortr 4aje eehzna uajvyua rcoju )Kr.rBe y lbvMa yrpo)Kena. Asujcxe f; o rpauryMe ce ceKy Aa ov ce sa4oBotbua orpoMHa [orpaxrba 3a rBp4LrM4pBeroM. flocrojz Heurro urro 6oprlu sa oYyBarbeMofy 4a yqnHe Aaovcal{yBalr AparorJeHe.[pauryMe.Ys zsyserax MaxaroHHJa KOJH cnopo pacTe,ApBo ce 6peo o6HanJba,rra 6n norporuaqH Tpe6a,ro 4a orpaHr,rqecnojy norpar(Iby 3a IIpoH3BoALrMa 04.4pBeTa3a KOJe Cerapanryje 4a norlrr{e ca nlaHTaxa rcojzMa ce npaBn"rHo ras4yje.

O4rroc ca rroBercoM
Ilpauaru nrpajy Be uKy y^ory y HayrrHoMnpoyrraBany rcojerrexz y ocHoBu Mo4epHe MelarlprHe. Pesyc rvrajrr,ryHV u trydvr rauajy saje4HutrKy KapaKTepncrL.rKy rcpnn xoja ce Ha3LrBa pe3yc Qaxrop. Ka4a my4crcauajrca LrMa pe3yc HerarHBHy KpB, a 4o6uje Aere oZ oqa ca pe3yc no3r,rTnBHoM KpB,6y,oHAa Apyra 6e6a, u.xu ocra^e 6e6e, rtrory y eKcrpeunuu c,ryvajeBuMaAa 6y4y MprBopolenva4.To ce 4eruaea s6or Tora rrrro aHTVTe,ta y uajvunoj rcpnra uana4ajy rIpBeHehe,tuje y KpBH /ereTa, aKo oHo Hac^eAr4or{eB pe3yc IIo3uTI,IBHLT rLrn KpBn. Mefyrurr,r, aKo ce ro orxpaje y paHoj Qa3r.r rpy4Hohe,6e6un
)KrlBOT C2la MO)Ke Aa Ce CflaCId 4aBaIbeM

rzvynora,o6y,tuna rcoja ce 4o6wjar.r3 KpBr4pe3yc vajrvryna.Ou cnpeuaea crBaparbe aHTr.rTe,ta y rrlajvzHoj npnu. llpzrzcan 4a ce rpoHale .rex sa AI ACje Haneo Me4lrrlr,rHcKe rrHcruryre Aa ysuuajy cee eehn 6poj nprzMara 3a r{crpaxr4Bana. Peaxquja janHocrlr je rcparuvHa. 36or rrpr.rrr4cKa JaBHocTz ycJ\oBH y aoopaTopwJaMa cy ce nonpanrl.tvr vr nocroju cncreM 3a 6poja xneornrua xoje ce Ko:r:tP""

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CvhyurHu llapMo3eru, Ha uK Ha BeBepv\e, u raMaprrHu cy Heo6rzuHu npr4jep cy MoHoraMura. rr,raru, Xraae y nopo4vqaMa KoJece cacroJe 04 napa KOJH ce pa3MHolKaBa u rbr,IxoBlrxnoroMaKa. Y ee,\Hrczl.rnopolurlaMa 04 fro l5 .raahepxe zs paHzjrlx HoBa 3pele )r{eHKe, era^a, [oTHcKyJy cBoJy ceKcya^Hocr 4a 6u ouoryhn,ne Aovrunanrnoj )KeHKH 4a ce napu. Cuarpa ce la vapzc rcoju Ayqe x(^e34e AoMuHaHTHe }IteHKenorucxyje rblrxoB uHcruHKT 3a naperbe. One ce sa4ononanajy yloroM TerKe Lr noMalr(y y r,o4nsarby 6e6.a.Y cyrrrraHr4,3a Mn.aAy 3pe^y ir(eHKyJe npe4HocT

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ttellHHe laMaPillra H \4ap\4o:lera cBaKoAHeBHOnpOKpCTapH TpenHH()M cBoJe repr.rTopuJe - [rro Hr]Hocu IIo HeKoAHKo KrrloMerapa. Be,lnvuua'r'epu'ropn je Ha xo-joj ce xpaHe ce pas,lun,v.je o.1 rlpcle 4() Bpclc. Ceaxa npotulrpeFla lropo4lrrla. MHpucoM o6e,le;xaua cucljv TepH'ropnJy r{oJ,v riec'r'()r{o ()paHH ()4 'l lpyrr4x rpyna nouohy KpHKa, eparLa H KapanrepHcrHrrHHX rrosa. Mapno:ern ra reuu ra,rnie. r v a i l v r r e , r tu u u s c 6 e , n e KOpHce lla l epabe cBolnx cryuaPrrHKa cre noKa3HBaneM rrclux. {pyla clpa-

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{ V VpnraxaBqh cna4ajy y naj6yvH14je xhBorHtbe y uyMx. [paexu yparKaBaq (Alouatta senicurus) ce xpaHn cBe)K[M, MflaAnM r|]rcToB14Ma u nnoAoBHMa 3nM3eneHor ApBefia. MpKjaK Kojr4npey3rMa HoBy rpyny noHeKaA y6nje MnaAyHqe.

Ilaj,vo6nvajrrujn npuuarre y jyxlnoj Auepr.rrlH cv vplnKaBuu. Onu ce xpar r c , r n u r l t c u r t ,j e j c r l ) H H ( l r r r r e j e t 'r'r,lRo,a H la yBert t-rva. Yp,lltnatrqu cv pasBuAH rrpo6zrenn_cilcr'feM I(oMe .y p21C1'V rJC v OTrrrrrie t)aKTePl,IJe K(Ie 6j n l.rrrcru:r1r:r v.urr.t varepHja,r H pa3a;+iy uelylosl'. Yp,nuxarqn 6upajy vreHrxlle xparlJbr.rIlHx 6rl"tannrro Mlaro na. Ourl ce xpalre a cAalKHM uoher'r, u qeehelr K:rJa Mol'y 4a ra rrafly, a,tH I{a4a cy BpeMeFta Teturia Mofv He4eJbaMa 4a rlpeiriuBe, xpaHenL4 ce HcrtJbvtluB() ,rrurlrev. Clr 4pvrc ( rpane. ryva je cairiarr 4eo ucxpaHe MapMo3era. lJehnrra frpHMara ltcljr.rcc xpaHe lvMoM, caMo salpe6r cox riojr.r uvpH H3 xope nojr c1

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Mapuo:e rH H ra\raphHH Hvajr He;+iHo. CBHAeHKaCTO Kp3Ho IiI 4ylaqaK perr. Te^o HMJe yKpaueHo rpuBaMa, KpecTaMa, 6pxoeHua H [rnrrrnaMa. Kao eaxHr,r r4HJHKaTOpr,l [()r? r{ cTaTvca oBH rrpe^efrH Ao,4ar\u ce Kopr,rcTe H 3a /paMaTHqHe no3e Irpu TePab\/ c\/ce4rrHx rpvna. Mapvore r u [r ravapH HH .jeav ne,vzse Ko r{tluHe roha, rleeha u uert'rapa,6u,r,Hor cona H rvMe. Our.r npos<t4e rpehuHV i+iHBOTa Ha [pOfI aHIIHMa H ql4CTI4-

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) Kao cBn nayKacru MaiMyHH H f.lpHopyKlf(Ateles geoff rpoyi) uua pen KojlrMce xBara 3a rpaHe,AyraqKe pyKe n $nexcu6lrnHe paMeHe 3rno6oBeAa 6t MoraoAa ce rbhue Kpo3 rpabe.

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Berrrro KHJajy rpv^y nop)'4pBeha H v r x y r r J r ' H H a MT aP a ; A et e t j n , l e r r . BehuHa raMal)urra n MapM()lle ra cBalr()4HeBHo rrp()ripclapn rpehr.r r rolr cuoje 'r-epuroprrje - rrrr() H3Hoclr rro rreri() n Ko KH;\o\{ e'ritl)it. B e,rn.r r-r rra'r'e 1) r.r r ' o l ) r r l eH a K ( ) l ( uc e x l l a r r e c e P a 3 A r . r r i v l e ()/,1 ul)cr'r e 4o Bl)(:r'c. (luana nporxr.rl)crra I I o lloAuqa MHl)r.l(:( ) r\{ ( )()c^e;+iitriil cB()J)' r c l > nr , r p n j r t r o j v ; t , e t r , , l i o 6 l x r n t t r , , , 1 KPhKa, r'eParbil n 4Py|Ux fPyna lroN,lonv rial)aKTepHcrnq r rnx r roaa. Mapvo:relr.r {lt'.re rlrta.jr re rrt r.l,nlrc r e H u r a . r r r j er. r : r ce lJa'r'cparbe cuo.jr.rx c v r r a l ) r r f t r v lr i ( ) [ ) n c i e r I O K a 3 u B a b e Mt r c l H x . { p v l a c : ' 1 r n-

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{ V YpnrxaBqn cnaAajyy naj6yvH],|je x(]rBor]rbey uyM]t. [paexu ypnilKaBaq(Alouattasenicurus)ce xpaHn cBexltM, MnaAHM nHcToBt4Ma h nnoAoBnMa3nM3eneHor ApBefia.Myx(jaKKojHnpey3uMa HoBy y6nje MnaAyHqe. rpyny noHeKaA

jr n n p r . r n r i tr' r r ' . f v x r r o j FIajr'<l(lrr.r ar r .jr A m e p r r r l r r r : \ ,\ ' l ) A t r r i a u r l r r ( . )rrlr ce xpar r t ' . r r r u r h e v r . o j c . j e u l ) u A n , n r ( )r r e . j e t l'r.m(), ltlr,r llt \/Beri rrult. Ylr,lurrauqu c r v p a : l l r ' r . \ r rr r p c l 6 a t r r t r ( : n c l e N r \ / r i o N r e (rlrrirt l ) : t (r \ r l ( ' . \ \ . \ ( ) r l l , r K e lln.je nojt' { l r j lr.r n l)ir.rr r r r r l r l x r j r ' r H r r r r ' p r r 1r;rt ,\nriv r{eA\1:\oll'.}'prt lt Iia rl 11 r r (l n pa.jv lrerur r{ ) MArt/[r),r r]l.tx 6n-rr,atrtufie x l)lt r Il,r,r na. Orru ce xpaHe n c,ru'lr{l.rMeohcr,r, rr qnehcrv KaIa MOrv 4a la rraf;t',a,rrr ria'r'eIUria\r()r'\' rre4e"'bANfii Ja c\r Bl)eMerra J2r ill)e;hfille, xPaHenn (e rrcri"bvrrr.rll() ( | l ) : l r c .t r l r a j e u : r .rtttttltcr( r. .a.rgrrre r 4e( ) r'rcxparle M:rl)N.l( ):Je 7ri:rr r a. Befir,rna npfiMn'ra r<ljn ce xJ)aue lvMoM, c:rM() l a r ' 1 r e 6 rr o r t r < o . j n uvplr n:, rtolrexrjr t l

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I Kar{fqnm cna4aiyyie4ue o6nainute,urerrruin rpnruara. r 3aarsorpmnranapmieraipe$nuairryn Honor crera. r HeraAa ce cuarparro (rpu,rnvro trorpemtrpenocer(yry no) 4auaplrorertr RTaruapuEn rposrrqy u nra,tapriy. I YsexmrseM,rauaxoiecynpnpoArro cralr TarMapuna, rao mro je rrrrmre MapMogera Eo,unnia, ie n 6ate Aosaorbexo Aa ce onn KaoKyhstr naraiy u xsaoserrontro cerpiDrce .sy6rurqn r sa rueArqrrncKarrcrrtrTnBana. r Hohxr uaiuya ie ie4rnn uainryn Horor cnera rojnie axrxran xohy. I Vpruqzylr,rrxanqa cynair,racnrix sByqu xoie nera xzrorura ncrrymfa y Alrn,brrun.

H o4pacle, vt MAaAervrajvyue. r{onopu uajuyna ce 6oje 04 onacHHX culyera Ha ne6y u aKo ce ycflaHurre. Bpaou I{.ailyuvrllld cy.To^nKo HepBo3Hv 4a 3HaK,a rr,\alxe ce Bpr4uTe Ha HaJMarr,u u nprzlnrrHo 6esae,\eHux nrulla. Kafiyr\rllJvr He Mory la oIIeHe oflacHocT rr npoceqHy rpyny 6_up.* je4nou y lee He4e,be3aAecwo3olz"t'aHHarra4. Xeararbe raMapvHa, rcoju ce DpoAaJy nao,ry6r,rrr.rqv H 3a 3ooBproee.jeBeoMa cMarbrl^ouoHaKo ua,,ro6pojny nony^aynjy us Epaanrra, rcojaje yrpoxreHa ra s6or ynururaBarba craHl4rrrra. Heno,nuno 3 arHorprlBrrx raMapzHa ) 3narnorplrBlr raMaplrH14

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yHt4 rpll Bacrllx uJTaBalbe craHll uJTa raMaplrHaje oee )KlrBorlrbe AoBeno cKopo Ao r,rcrpe6rbelba,
>r<vBLry 4e.ly nprlo6alHe luyMe xoju ce nporexe ly;rtjylrHe crpaHe yurha perce Cao )I(oao, a H Ha roj repuropuju je rrlaHnpaH pa3Boj, na cy ce oHn npecei.LTA:ay 6es6e4Hrzje4eloBe urylre. Thtco cy oBr4uajruyHz oncraln. Y 4uvmuuu xI{Br.I npexo 1000 s.\aryT aBHOM y ouoHOrpr{BHX TAMapvHa, ^orrrKoMpe3epBary lloxo 4ac AHTac v 10 550 xeKTapa, Ae^y rxyMe,Be^r.rrrHHe rcoja ce nporelxe Ha 130 KM I4croqHo o4 Prao 4e Xaueupa. To je je4ua o4 noc^e4rbr{x ar aHTcKr{xluyMa y Hcrovnolr Epasu,r,y.lIo4e,ren )r(ele3HurloM ri nyTeM v no4 npnrncKoM Kpr{BoIoear-1a.-onajpe3epBar je yrpoxeH n 3OOf OpaHe KoJaJe norr^aBrrn.a Je4aH 3HarHr.l aeo. 1990. ro4nHe je uryr'lcxn v ny$HoflaBr4 raMaplrn (Saguinus oedrpus) je najeehn MecojeA Meby MaiMyHnMaHoeor cBera. CBoi nneH, MlrureBe lr nTltqe, y6[ia raKo luTo l,rx yrph3e 3a rnaBy.

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HarruH la ce npoHabe xpaHa je 4a ce XpaHe. 3Ha r4e ce oKa He )KHBOTVIbe Thxo BeBepurracrlr uajuynrl cleae KanyquHe, KoJr4 c^y)fie ltao Bo4vtqv Ao ApBeha ca xpaHoM. To rr,ronce 4a 6yAe KopLlcHo v 3a Kany\LIHe,jep BeBepurracru MajMyHr.r r4Majy.ourap c^yx H Ha BpeMe Izx yno3opaBaJyHa npe4aTope.

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Maiuysa cy rrleH MHorr{x nrr4ua rpa6n"nsuua.Coxo,noeHH oploBH / uerroj IJenrpa,uroj rzJyxuoj Avrepuqu .r.oee

) fleo6ojnu raMaprH (Sagurnus E bicolor bicolor) rMa yneqarrblrBo ;qpHo fl14qe, yoKBlrpeHo 6enrm oKoBparHr,r KoM.oH nplrnaga jennoj E o oA Tplr Bpcre raMaplrHaKoin xlrBe uJ o c BaHAMa3OHl,rie. -6 V Kocryp raMaplrHa.fla 6u oea 6
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lr flaraHe;AyraqK[ npcr],r HauaKaMah cronanrMaioi oMoryfiyiy Aa = ce Ao6poyxBarlr3a rpaHe. -

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iloxap yHrrrxrLronpeKo 2 000 xercrapa; a 2002.je joru je4an nporyrao flpeKo I 000 xerrapa. Clraruzearbe repilTophje u BeuraqKe no4ele orpaunvaeajy lrajuyna, ra oHu He Mory 4a KpeTarrre ce nape ca qlaHoBlrua xoju uM Hucy polaqz, Te Bpcra rlocrerreHo c,ra6u. je 3,raruorpvteu rpracrr,r rarraapl.rH y pa3KprrTr4qHo yrporl(eH v >1\r4Br4 enjeHrajeu 4e;r.y Cao llao,ta Ha jyry Epaez,ra. Zsuely 1905. u 1970. Huje euf en uuje4au, a^I{ cKopamLbavcr paBalf,a noKa3yJyAa Lrl|{aI4I]AI4\r4Ja )nr4 Aa nocrojr ruecr Ko^oHrlja y xojr.rvaxuen y o4eojeoxo I 000 oBllx )tu.rBorHrba HnM rxyMcKrrMpe3epBaTriMa.
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3ATOIIEIIIIIUTBY Iy6aran craHnurra je t.,.nrxb os6u,ran AaJeAVHaHaAa 3a oBy Bpcry ^e?KHy pa3MHoxaBarby y 3aroqeHulurey-^Y oeolr nporpaMy yvecrnyje npeKo 140 sooepTOBA I,I3 UE OI CBCTA, A HCKC }KHBOTHTbC

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A Yrpoxexlr 3narHorpnBuraMapun (Leontopithecus rosalia), naKo lr3rneAa Tr4xo1,r 6naro, je excrpemHOarpecnBaHnpeMayrbe3lrMa. Ogpacnn [cror nona ce noHeKaA 6ope go cMprlr.

qynaBuxyuujy V qpHr MapMo3er (Callithrix penicillata),ca ceojum cnaAa y no6yjxnm qpHnMKp3HoM, pogr4r{yCallitrichidae - najpaexoepcxujy ranajuaperrjy nopogutty Hoeor cBera. majruyna

ce nynrrajy vr y Ar4Bnvlr'y. Jeaan 6poj 3larHorpuBrrx raMapLrHa,pofeHr.rx v 3aroqeHu[rrBy, Je ycrleulHo nyureH y llono 4ac AHrac pe3epBar u,lu y o6r4)r{rbe ruyMe.flourro cy HM craB,beHe npaTu HX HayqHHTI'lM pa+Vo orp HLIe, us Cvurcosujan tlHcrlrryra, Ceercxr.r rpou4 sa npH pozy u tr46atta,6pasr.r,ncxa cpe/HHy. caBe3Ha areHuliJa3a }I(HBoTHy 2001.je sa6e,\exeHoxvn aAwro pof erre y AVBuvTHV 04 rroqerKa70.-ux r.'20. e. na4a rzxje 6r.r,rouajnan'e.

Cnrr ruajuynu HoBor cBera upuna4aj y pegy rrpuMara. flocroj e 4Be rropo.4nrle: C allitrichidae - MapMo3err{ rr TaMapErru. 26 rpcra y irer11pn poaa. Ty cnaaajy Ife{pr{es MapMo3er, rpuBacTrr raMaprrHrr u lb"qnjen uajrrryn.

Cebidae- Kauy4rrurr rr rbnMa cJuf.run. 58 apcra y ll po4ora.Ty cnaaajyt rcaflyrlEEn, [ayKacTrr r{ ByrracTE uajuyru, yplnKaBrllr, caKuJrr fiYaKap'rlu. Bea.uqnrla: Kpehe ce or4 rrarysacrnx MapMoseTa tl4fa 4yrrcrrHa rera ca r aBoM Esrrocn l7r5 cu, a pen 19 cu 40 ByEacror rrayKacror nrajuyxa, vuja4yxcanrare,\a car aBoM Esnocn 4o 63 cru, apeln74 clr.. Tetxzxa: Kpehe ce tr4 rraryJbacror MapMosera ca 120 r Ao Byrracror IrayKacTor MaJMyrraRoJE rexn npexo 12 rcrl

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{ Mnagvr opaHryraHn ce rrpaly saiegxo r,l MOryAa x(nBey rpynaMa.

flpar"merre rrres4a

Opanryrau je anrrzraH 4amy. Ynpnoc TelxlrHra, oH npoBozlr nehlaHycBor clo6ognor BpeMeHaua 4peehy v npaavt rHe3da 04 rpaHql4lra r,r ,uurha. OH ro
qIzHI4 TaKO IIITO CaBI'IJe I4 LICnpenIeTe

qoBeK' V Benn,{aHcrBeH}t'tttylvtcxr lrMarpuaBy xocy,6oje xoja BapnpaoA HapaHuacre Ao 6paox.

IIo cmcrwno uecmaj atte arujcmn npauryma npemuda npoyspoxyje ucm,peLnerce cmudnueux, lca,Mtbewnc u Becemnc zu6oua. opaneymarn
e4Ha Bpcra opaHryTaHa r{ AeBer npcra ru6ona npnna4ajy nopoluqu nprzMara. lIosHaru cy Kao azujcrcu fipvrMaru,3aro ruro )r(rzBeHa jyroncrorcy Aruje, Ha KonHy H ocrpBznpaMaua. Cr.rhyruHuru6ouu cy HrrlKLr Trr, 4oK Be rzqaHcTBeHr4 opaHryTaHH npvna4ajy Br.rurrzM rrpI{MarHMa.

OpanryraH
flocrojrz cauo je4na Bpcra opaHryraHa, HaKo 4Be o4BoJeHenorry^arjrdJe,KoJe )fiHBeHa EopHey rzHa Cynarpu, r43rle4ajy noua,ro pa3lur{rzro. Cynarpauccu o e0H A vMa opaHryTaH Je MprrraBrzJlr, Ay)rce 4 aKe Ir 4yx(e ^HIIe. Kao npnnaaHr4K Brrrxr4x rrpr,rMara, opaHryraHje suatro oehu o4 rn6osau Hr4)Kr4x npr4Mara.flpexpueeu je 4yroM, rIpBeHoM,rrynaBoM AAaKoM,,\HrIe Je rolo, ocHM Koz olpaclr4x rr,ryxjara ca cynarpe rcojurraa pacre JyraqKa 6paaa. O4pac"ru rr,ryxjaqu cy ornplrlrrKe zyrrlo eehrao4 xeHKLr,a riuxoB u3rle4 je jou yneuarmvuujra s6or ielrrKr.Ix MecHaTr4xrz3pac^I4HaHa oopa3vMa, BlrcoKe,6yjHe npyne Ha r aBr'tlr Be,rHKOr rro4BaaKa.{rraxe 3pe^or o4pac^or vyxjaxa cy 3HarHoraurlje. OpaHryraH r4MaAyraqKe pyKe n Hore xoje ruy orraoryhaeajyZa ce ^y a Kpo3 TexvrHara qr4Hr,r MarbenoKper.4peehe. ;l"krBr4M, oH ce npehe raKo rrrro vrurpy)I<vr pyKy caJe4He rpaHe, yxBarv Apyry u jarco je aamuure, uoxpehyhr,r raxo rIe^o ApBo, gon He srpa6u rpaHy, raKo da oHa Mo)Kela Id3Aplr\uEer-oBy TexrzHy. OpauryraHoBeHore r.rnrajy rcyracre npcre. Ka4a opanryraH xoaa dyx HeKe rreTBopoHorlKe, rpaHe, oH To rrLrHH xBa-

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njyhv ce u pyKaMaIi HoraMa. OpaHryraH je Heo6zvau npuvrar. On je yrrraenorra rpajHa eesa car'rau.Jeazua je nsvely )KeHKe H rt,eHor je4rzHor noroMKa. O4pac"rz wyxjarlv :av'ajy jacHo 4eQunrzcaHe, TepriroconcreeHe, pr{Je,a^r{ qecTo 04 yTaJyBaH rpaHrrrla ceoje repuropr{e. Kaga ce o4pac^e je4raHrce Haly Ha HcroM no/,pyujy.oHe norq,rlaeajy 4a ce uelyco6no urnoprzIny, MaAarloHeKar4 vs1ujy v Hacvl.r'e kl 6yune ceafe. eKcrpeMHo

HeKo lrKo rpaHrruua. Crapuju lryxjaqu npoBole BrzrrreBpeMeHaHa IrryMcKoM

T y,Jep HX TeXLrHa qHHpI r OMa3HI4Ma.

Opauryranr-r cKopo qeo zaH npoBoze xpaHehr.rce. Bohe rau je outuneua BI4 I4IIe KOJrrMa xpaHa, vMaJyMacvIBHe oMeqBpcre nycxe eohrcu.XpaHa urraje je4y,rzruhe, opaxe, tr34alr'pa3HoBpcHa:
Ke, KOpy lpBeTa LI LfHCeKTe, Kao ri

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oPAHryrAHunruloHt
roavrxrblrM 4o6uua. I4ano ce 4yro xpaHe, oHu, 4oK cBaKo4HeBHo Tparce xpaHy. MHorouamy repnropnjy lpeby Hero rv()oHlz. Ha repuroprajrz o4pac,ror rvryxjarca )KI4Bru vr HeKo HKo)fieHKt,t, a rca4aje4aa
ol ltlllx nOCTaHe CnpeMHa 3a napelbe, nap ocTaJe 3aJe4Ho HeKo rzKo Ile4etba, napehrz ce c BpeMeHa ua epeue. 9urr.r c E )KeHKa 3aTpyAHu, nap ce pa3vAa3v v -g rzure Herr.rajyKoHTaKTa. Ha onaj HarrHH MYt<JarIr4 Ce nape ca HeKo HKo )KeHKH.
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{ Fr6onn ce Kpefiy Hai6pxe oA cBr,rx np[Mara. oxu ce lbr4ury Kpo3 rpalbe TaKO HeBepOBarHOM 6psrnou Aa r3rneAaiy Kao Aa neTe. V fleealbe je aaxax Aeo ApylurBeHor noHauaba rH60Ha. CraMaxsh r,rMaiy noABan'KeKOjnCe HaAyBaiy lr raKo ]buxoBanecMalouJ 6orue oA3Balba.

! )Itenna pala je4Ho M^MyHare HaKoH nepr4o,4a recraqrzje oa Herxro Mari,eoZ OHo ocraje yc rby,npBo- AeBer Meceuu.

M"rra4n opaHlyraH

rn6oH. { nap }rnh6enopyKr lberoe narau je gocra oABoieH oA ocranhxnpcrrjy, a ulrpoKa npcT,rMa My cTonana ca AyraqK9rM noMilry Aa 6yAenpaBlr np[Mar Koir,r ce lblrure ca rpaHeHarpaHy.
r.ruatpyHnqnjy orlarxaBaba repnropaje H BepoBarHonpe4craBJba noxyu.raj4a ce npHByKy )r{eHKe, cnpeMHe 3a naperbe.

Ih6onn
Coe nrz4uopa3luqnre epcre rn6oHa cy npeTKa ce. pa3BH e ol 3aJe4Hr,rqKor je npercpuBeHo rycrou. p pen, a relo urr.r naqe nu je ranHo- $ JyraqKo,M a^aKoM. tryro vr6egz.^axa.fpxe ce ycnpanHaje g Bpcra, cna,runyjy no 6ojz. fenera o4 o6zvHr,rx uajrrryHa,a wvajy r.r rtaame E lraHr, rr.relyrvrlr, je oehr,r 04 ocrallax a r,r3pa?fieHe r+,y[rKe, $, ',lere' )KHBH y Acrt4w o6,lacruva rcao r,r jour I-ra6oHra npor rpalbe.sa saqzH d '6paxr.rjaqlrja', xojra ce Ha3HBa npoua- ! lBe BpcTe - ap u afvAI{I"r rrrooHH. ^a3e ynoparrrra noja Mory Aa 6yAy u no * Cnaxcre pyrce l5u pas4eojeHa, a a3rlela nao 4a ux $ Irz6osz 4e.re je4Hy KapaKrepucrr4Ky je4sa 4o4upyjy v 6p:ro ce sarsrzury6 ga",se.Ouu Kopzcre cnoje eeona Ayra't3aJeAHO Ca CBHM OCTa UM npHMaTUMa. Olnu uwaly 4yraqKe pyKe, pe^aruBHo Ke npcre Kao KyKe,4a()Izce 3aKaqH,\H HOre BHTKe H CTorra,la, UerUajy 3a rpaHe. To,ulxo cy Beurlr Aa Mory Aa 4yraqKe,
ro4HHa. O.4 aeser npcra rn6oHa u,lrl HI{}KHX npHMaTa. OCar'lje oTnpH/\HKe Hcre BeAHquHe, praKo ce euavajuo pa:KOJHJe ?ItI,rBeOnpe HeKVx 4Ba MU VOHa

o c d

6arno ce 4pxehn 3a rbeHo Kp3Ho, a 3arr.rM ce rcpehe nope4 H,e,cBe 4oK ce, TpH roAHHeKacHHJe, He o4ol\e oAcvce. OHo ocraje ye r,,rajxycBe aoK oHa He 4o6rzje Jpyro M^alyHue - yo6uvajenz pa3MaK v:ruefy nopolaja je ner ro4r,rHa. )KeHKe pabajy aoK He HanyHe ornpH aKe 30 ro4nHa. M,ta4ynqn 04 a3e4a ocnyjy Blacrure repuropvrje, a u Kao rra,naleo4pac^e je4uHne, oHrz he ce qecro vrparu vr crBaparu Aa6aBe rpyne, cBe4oK nornyHo Heca3py. IloHerca4ro rpaje oA Aecer Ao 15 roAusa. O4pac,ru MyNjaqIz opaHryraHu cy no3HaTH rro cneKTaKy^apHo r acHoM aoey. OH noqune saior'"rctco-QpercBeHTHHX 3ByKoBa noju nocreneHo nocTaJy r acHnJu, cBe loK He 4ocTHrHy BpxyHau, noc^e qera noHoBo yTt4xHy. 3oe rpaje o4je4Hor Ao rpu Mr4Hyra v, ) Cpe6prr lrnlr Monox rr6oH (6nnxe AecHo) HacerbaBa 3anagHy Jaey, a UpHlr MpKiaK nap rn6oHa, oKpymor nnqa (Kpailbe AecHo) xlrBl,r Ha Tajnaxgy. 372

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Tprre u AylK HajTarbe rpaHe, 6a,r.asczpajyhu caMo Ha 3aArr,vlw HoraMa. Mel3yrr.rnl,. Hajr<aparcrep ncr nuuuja ta fvooHe rbrlxoBa HeBepoBaTHa Je 'necir,ra' roja. o6rzvHo Her4e y sopy, o4jeKyJe rbHXoBrrM po4Hr4M rrryMaMa.

flopo4nvrrn

?rcrrBor

CeH rz6onH cy yjyrpg 14 .aKrHBHLr frofro4He, ogMapaJy ce ToKoM HaJTon,tzjer noZHeBa,a cnayajy uohy rraely rpaHaMa. BehzHa Bpcra xr{Brrr y nopo4rirrHuM rpyrraMa 14 Ao seTp4eceT rroToMaKa. Iiz6onu yr aBHoM ocrajy Zo)r(lrBorHrz naprHepr4. KoJ xaoc rz6oHa, l.ryxjan npoBo4l4 Ma o BPeMeHa y o HcKoM KOHTaKTy CarpynoM,cnaBacaMn qecTo rryTyJe Ma o ri3a ra^r4 nocTpaHrle y o4HocyHa )r(eHKy r'rM^aAyHrIe. Hajeaxnuit 6,*tcru KoHTaKT KoA cBr{x rpyua rz6oHa je nref yco6no rlrMaperbe. CeaKa rpyna r{Ma concrBeHy repr'rropvJy Ha KoJoJ cnaBa r4 xpaHn ce 14KoJy 6pauu ol ocraiHx rpyna ucre Bpcre. flpouerbyje ce 4a o6uuuo nocroje ABe Ao servrprTnopo4uqHe rpyne Ha lrrnr2 urylre.Y oKBHpy re repuropuje rH6oHH npela3e oA I Ao l.5rcnr 4HeeHo,a BehH cr4aMallf npe^a3pr caMo rro^oBldHy Te yAaneHOCTI4. Be,rnrcn npoueHar cBor aKTHBHoT BpeMeHa rr.r6on npono4rl, xpauehn ce u nyryjyhu rcpoa4peehe y norpa3Lr 3a xpaHoM. Kao n opaHryraHy, 3pe^o uohe uy je oMprrbeHa xpaHa,a oapelyje no,r.znoje HeKaeohna 3pela raKo rxro r43Mely rraiqa rz Kalr(unpcTa, Je cTrzcHe Kao ruro ro qHHe 14hyAV. Y oxezpy repuropnje cBaKerpyne nocroje pasAHTII4Te epcre 4peeha, ua nojurr,ra eohe pacre y pa3luqzTo ro4uume 4o6a. flope4 eoha, rrz6oHu ieay zruhe rz
Ma e Ko aqHHe rzHceKaTa rz nayKoBa rcojz cy sa ujrlx rzsBop r{r.{BornrbcKLrx rporenHa. XpaHy ccynnajy je4Hov

OPAHIYTAH Ilocrojrz caMojezHa Bpcra poga Pongo Pygmaeus. f ee o4eojeHe nonylar-1raje Hace,raeajyceBepH y Cyr'.rarpyH uyHrle y uusajarura Eopnea. flyxuna rlaBe v reia: vyxjaqw 97crr.r; xenrce 78cu Bucusa (ycnpanHo): ruyxjaqu I37 cw; xenne llSonr Texnna: uyxjaqn 60-90rcr; lreHKe 40-50 nr TIIBOHII llocroju AeBer Bpcra po4a Hylobates: Cual.ranr (H. syndactylus); Aap u"rrao6n.rHr,rrlr6oH (H. lar); Arn;rnn rpr6oH(H. agilis); K"roc rz6on (H. klossi); KonrcorroprH6oH (H. concolor); Xo,rorcru6oH (H. hoolock); Mo,rorcrra6on (H. moloch); flzrrearHpr ru6oH (H. pileatus); Mra.repos rra6oH(H. muelleri).

fi'4, "'-

Myxjan (oHrco^op rut)oHa (Aaoc, BajerHau, XauHau,J. Kuua)

Aap u"tn o6n.rnu ru6on (ThiaaHa,Ma.rajcno n o . i y o c r p o o ,C . C y v a l p a )

CIIAMAHT Hacerasa Ma.tajcri.o no^yocrpBo u Cyuarpy to BHcHHe oa 1800v )+* '-: F reta rcJ\a v r/\4b9. n rlaBe: 75-$Q61.1-*'-'* , J-JULlu---l* lyxnna )y Anna Texnna: 8-13rcr I K-roc rn6on (Meuruau Kpsno: IJpno ca py)Kuqacro| L Y M a l Poc'rpBa, ar
CHBHMno4Ba,bKoM *1 -"t':-----l 'ii Cuananr -.:; ^A-.IJ

{f$ flr"tearnu rn6on (C.tr4. Thj"raHa, Kau6oua :]anaAHo o4 Menor.rra)

pyKoM,4oKce 4pyroM rrpulp)+BaJy 3a rpauy. Paa,ror urro ru6ouu uacenayajy pa3lrrqure repraropuje je 4a ce He 6z cyno6,raua",ru oKo xpaHe.

Majra r{ Aere
Iiz6oHz ce rape cBaKeABe Ao.rpvro4:zHe, a ?r{eHKaHa cBer 4oHocr4Je4Ho M aAyHrre HaKoH nepvo4a recrarluJe 04 ceAaM Ao ocaM Mecequ. Herco BpeMe M^aZyHqe ce Zplr(u sa uajvuHe rpyAlr, 4oK ce oHa rbytbanpos 4peehe y rorpa3v 3a xpaHoM. OHa ra na)rlrilrBo qyBa y ToKy npBe roAVHe, HenpecraHo vy aaje Aa cr4ca,4on ra ne o46uje Ha rroqerKy 4pyre ro4lzHe.
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(xpajrue { Xexxa nap rur6oHa neBo) lr xeHKa KoHKonop r[6oHa unu fu6oHaca 6enuMo6pa3[Ma (6nrxe neBo).Xexxe rr6oHa cy MaFbe-Bltue ltcTeBer|uqnHe Kao yl Myxjaqn, aru KoABeh[He Bpcra 6oja ce pa3nrKyiey o4HocyHa nor.
a7a

IoPAHryrAHt

t ruloHu
rrecMu.O6uquo upnjarc rz)KeHKa cezHy Ha rpaHy LrnoqHy 3arpeBaF,e, Kao cBH BeIriKH neBarrz. 3arnu KpeHy ca opKecTpzpaHnM4yeToM. Koa nercux rra6ona, Hapoqnro K oca, necMa ce vre,r.o4r4 co o, a xeHrca je ra xoja je o4roBopHa 3a Herxro rrrro ce 'ge,uzxra 3ose 3oe'. O6uqHo ce tz^3BoAvr Henocpe4Ho npea 3opy. OHa ce nonHe Ha 4pBO,3anoqHe rlecMyIr, Ha BpxyHrry, ce 3abnrxe Kpo3 rparbe, rcu4ajyhu ,ranrhe u rpaHrruqe. Ocranra .r,raHoen ! beHe rpyne raxole noquby rprcy rcpor $

Ko4 uehuHe rq6ona rr,rajna he HacraBvrrvr Aa 6y4e u.aeru,r 3arrrrHTHLrK Hajru,raler vaana ceoje ropodnrle; KoA cvaMarra, orau rpey3uua 6prary o M a4yHrIHMa O4 rbHxOBe Apyre ro4r,rHe. Ka4a nanyHe rpr, foanHe, MAa4z rn6onz he ce He3aBr,rcHo Kperaru, joru yBeK y oKBrrpy nopolHqHe rr,ra4a rpyne. Ka4a HanyHe ornpvlrzKe rrrecr ro4r{Ha, oHu he nornyHo o4pacrv,aruvr jorll nap roAr4Ha he npohn ornprarurce npe Hero rxTo HanycTe rpyny ra He rrorrHy4a TpzuKe concrBeHof rrapTHepa 4a 6rasacuoea-ln HoBy nopo4urly.

MrnepoBrn6oHie ) Epaoxcr,rBn Eopxea.Kao 1,| craHoBHl,rK cen neBaJy UBH rHOOHr4 r,r oH Kopxcrr,r cBoie , ulToJe oA Br4TaA- rn6oHlr Hor eHavaja 3a rbr,rxoBApyrrrrBeHr.r AyraqKe raHKe npcre KaoKyKe Aa xaBor. lloHena,4 neeajy je4norrr 4Hee- 6r ce xearao3a rpaHe. Kouynnxaurria necuou

; E E E I
{ 3a paonnry og opaHryTaHa, rx6oH1,| cy
MOHOTaM1/|CT1/|

HO,a rroHeKMJeAHOM y IIeT AaHaH TO oourrHo y 3opy, necMa Mo)r(e4,4 TpaJe raorraef y . ecer MrzHyrau ABacara. Koa sehune rla6ona necrrla je y Qoprr,uz Ayera rzarraely rr.ryxjana H )KeHKe r{3 cBaKeropo4uqHe rpyne. Kano r',rrra4yHqa o4pacrajy H oHH nonytuanajy4a ce rtplz4py?Ke nopo4rlvHoj necMu. Hexn _

,iaoi".

Be HKe no4Ba"tKe, KOJHCe IjadyBAJy8 nao 6a.;roHu4ox neaajy u raKo seyn y g rbHMaJoru Br.rllle o43Barba. s

nupo""to &u"urt: ,"ajy I

Co;to necMa

3oyun, xoje nporlrno4e rn6oHu, yr6yF vyjy paauorrnKeroHoBe H rlacoBe rcoju ! ' ce onncyjy Kao Kpnur{, aBe}K, rparroBr.r,3BHlr(AyuH, 6p6ohame H rlpBKyrrr. rpaHe, xu4ajyhu ,luurhe a npaeehn Csaxa Bpcra Molxe4a ce pas,nltcyje no npaBn nopo4rzqHH cneKTarc^. Cepxa oBor 3oBa je rraHorocrpyxa; HecyMrbHBo oH cIy)KH 3a or a[raBarbe BIacHHrurBaHal' Tephropujou u rpaHI,IIIaMa o0"^n)I(rfHM rpynaMa, AAV V 3a s6rrzxcaearbe uyxjana u rnenne. quHa ce, rarcole,4a necMa)KeHKe noja crryxra Kao oaroBop uyxjany, je HcroBpeMeHo H yno3operbeocraIHM xeHnana. roje MolK4arprrlKe MyxrJaKa,AaJe oHaJKora cy ynpaBo sy^e Aa neBa - neh sayser Cnaurasarbe asnjcKHx nprrMara je OncraHax cnux asujcnrzx npr,rl,rara yrpo?KeH. Y npour,rocrv cy onu yBelr4KO OBreHH XaO.,ry6rZrr.rqw V sa rro-fpeoe 3oo BpToBa,o4pac^H cy qecro yovJauu Aa 6u ce 4ouho Ao M^aAyHa\a, rcojrz 6H euilre nyra yrr.rHy 14 Ha rryry Ao aapo6,reHzurrea. flanac, uelyrrav, r^aBHyrperrby npe4cTaB,6a KOHTrrHyrZpaHO yHHrrrTaBalbe
IIHXOBLIX polHI4X UyHr 14 I4 npaIIIyMa, Haxarrocl vzlr.vrce Aa cy BeIuKrr npuMaTI,r, opaHryraHu, najnuure yroplreHr,r. floruro je rbuxoBo craHr,rrxre yrporxeHo, trrrHH ce Aa ce v rbrrxoB oncTaHaK 4oBoAt4 y lr:aralt,e. Ilocroje ueneruraju 4a )Kr4Borurbe, rcoje 6nnajy nporepaHe y uarra no4pyvja, nocrajy cee arpecunHnje JelHe [peMa ApyfuMa, a HHBOy4Eaparca H penpo4yKrlvJe ona./la

noHeKaA o$opMtbyjy AOX(lrBOrHO naprHepcrBo. oHx xrBe ca cBoixM y naprHeprMa nopoAxqHrM Ha rpynaMa AeoxHucaHoi replrropxix.

e Asrajcrcn nprrMarr4cy MarbenoBe3aHH ca rroBeKoM Hero aQpuvrcunpnMAT14.

o lra6onu, roju ce rbnrrryKpo3 rpalbe, ce naj6pxe xpehy o4 cBHx rpaMara. t My4aqH L )KeHKeru6oHa crnx goK Ko4 Bpcra v3r,re4ajy c.r.r-rvHo, MyxJaKa H.xeHKe opaHryraHa [ocToJr,r 3HaqaJHa pa3AHKay Be HqHHr,r vrvl3r^e4y Auua. o flecua r-loc ru6ona ce onncyje nao uaj"reruua My3r4Ka' xojy npouano4z
HeKr4 KOnHeHI,I CVCap.

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A soia n 3oB ce pa3nrKyjy KoA pa3a1,|'{ ],rr]rxBpcTa r}t6oHa, a noHeKaA x KoApa3nu'{xTor nona ll y3pacTa..[lap nnn O6],trtHl,l rh6oH lrua qpHo nnn 6nego ciaiHo yrnaHqaHoKp3Ho. 374

o flecrua.rn6oHa H opaHryraHa Moxe Aa ce qyJe Kpo3 uyHr y AapasAaJbuua o4 2-3 xu. o Opanryrau.BHaqu 'ruyI',rcKLI qonex' na r"rarrajcrou, Aeren4a Ka?Ke4a cy opaHryraHu noroMrlr{ ocpaMoheHor qoBeKaxojuje [o6erao y rryuy. . f?lxobe no.je4noj ^ereH4r,r, opauryTaHOB3OBJe )I(a^erbe 3a ryoHTKOM ]'D-y. cKie M a4e KoJa Je nooer a H3 rberoBor IHe3Aa. o OpauryraH nnje raro ruro yMarre cBoje 4 aKaBe3rioooBe y oapl1rl]y,a 3aTr4M CI4Ca KarUbI'IqeBO4eCarbl'rx. r OpaHryraH Moxe MHoro 4a noje4e r,r npoBo4H rleo 4aH, ce4ehw u Jeayhu eohe caje4nor ApBera, trecro npejesajyfur ce.

fopulle
rloaenoeul( pofiaru, od aurcHut( Jedat+ zopwa, je crneKwr, HaacnyJrcevy penymat4ujy rcecrnoKe u aepecueue icuaornlfibe.Haxo najeehunpu,twam x,a cnerny, zopwa je Hercwueezem,a,pujauat4 je os6raano u dauac yeporcena.
HeKOMTpeHyTKy cBoJe eBO yTHBHe npoLlllocru ropula je eepoBarHo )KHBe a Ha 4peehy. OHaje

4o6po npz,rarolena sa nelbarbe, no[rro r{\4a na qeBe rcojrliraa Mo}Keaa ce xBara. Iopu,luHe pyKe cy 4yraqKe xano 6u Morla aa ce ,r,yrbaca rpaHe Ha rpaHy.Kao a .roeeK. ropxla uva 4o6ap 6r,rnoxy,rapu v BviA Kojr,rMnpouebyje y/arbeHocr. Melyrzv. jear,rHo MAa4e AaraHe roprr^e npoBo4e 4ocTa BpeMeHa, nemyhn ce Ha apeehe. O4pac,le Jelr.{HKe cy Je4HocTaBHo frpeTeruKe. lopn,re o6u*ruo ocrajy Ha r^y, xoaajyhr.r Ha ra6anuua. a paBHorexy oapxaeajy nouohy srno6osa ruarce.

.;

Tpn pace
llocroje rpr,r pace ropH^a H cBe (e noMalo pas,urxyjy. 3ana4He Huel.rjcne ropvle, xoje xlree y Kauepyny, !eHrpa,a,HoaQpuunojpeny6,nzqz, la6oHy, Koury r.r y Exearopr.rja,tHoj AQpurlrz uuajy 6paoH-cr4Bo Kp3Ho. Zcroqna nr,rsrljcr<a ropt4la o6lrraea y v croqHoM 3axpy. y rxyMaMao4 Aya,ra6e rz,tr ropft,e Kouro peKe 40 no4Hox<ja6paa. Ona r.rNra eehe Br,rlurle H cE 6 U sy6e u rlpHo Kp3Ho. b flnauuscxa l:oplrla )r<vBr y 3aapy, -g Pyau4vt vYrau4u Ha BLrcHHaMa 04 oKo I 1650 ao 3790 v. -\u'ru ua HcrolrHe 6 ropr4le, aAA r4ua eehe eu,lzqe z sy6e. Jc o !,Ltat<ajoj je ayxa. Hapoquro Ha pyKa- Y
C

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V Myxjax ropnfle Moxe Aa 3ay3Me nperefie no3e Ha HeKonnKo pa3nhq],|THxHaq[Ha. o6nqxo noqulbe ca ypnuq[Ma, a KynMnHupa yAapqHMa y rpyAl,t.
y4aPabey yp^IIrIrr rT,y4lr

A Xenxa Hlt3tajcKe ropune. Ogpacne jegrxxe ocrajy Ha rfly, netbajy.xnee AoK Ce MraAyHqr,r na py6oanua npauyMa, r4e cyHqe npo6lria Kpo3 nhufie.

o loprle cnagajy

(rao u rununanee) y najuure.nurenruje

Ha CBeTy.

l4UBJbe 'r{r{BOTUrbe

Tpqarbe

rrocTPaErIe

r Honopofexue je ropui(e pyxcnrracTo rca4a ce po4rr. Mefyruu, cKopo o4Max Korxa noqpHrr. . Saronu, roju rconrpoluruy
j\oB rOpII aIIocTOJe y CBIIM 3eM-

Jbawa, a .u caMo Konro ny4n roTrryHy szrnrTtrTy 3a ropnle. flomro ce Baxorr He crrpoBog[ xaro rpe6a, 6e6e nopu;ta ce u AaJbe nyge na upo4ajy.

375

IroPt4nE
ua. Xpann ce yrAaBHoM KopelbeM 6uman<a.Ibrzxoea rxyMCKa craHurura urr.rajy oeaxey xpaHyr a-Auropula Mopa cBaKoAHeBHO 4a IIOJeAe Be ]rKe KO I,Te?rHeoBe xpaHe naxo 6u 4o6urra cee norpe6ue xpaH,bnBeuarepuje. flopo4uvne rpyne nolaKo,ryrajy no cBoJoJ TeprzTopvtJr4, KoJa3ay3uMau3Me5 30 nna-4parHrzx Merapa Lr He \y " 3MprrBajy ce 4ylr{e Ha HeKoMMecTy. ce roprzle xpaHe pa3luquruM -tr4ar<o

OII.ibKAMA, I,I3IACAA 4A HAJBHIXC BO C oHe ca )KuAaBrrM KopebeM - vs6upmuBv cy I{aAa Je peq o xpaHH, Kao rr cBu rrpvMarn. llpe jeaa, ropule na)K,bLr_Bo vcnlrryJy cBoJy xpaHy, rjenaJyJe 14od.oarIyJy .4e oBe KoJrz cy rpoMeHn^r.r ooJy.

flopo4nvnn

:rcrrBor
He HanyHrz7-8 roAusa,a He rrapu ce Ao Myxjaqn cy 3pe^H Ha ceoje 10 Fo.4HHe. y3pacry usuely l5 u20 roJLrHa. Pe",r'aqnje ca rroBeroM Kao uruunaH3e u ropule cy y 6aucrcou cpo4crBy ca qoBeKoM. llpuna4alro r,rcroM peAy rrpr4Mara, HeMaMo pen Ll xo4aMo yc[paBHo. I{ voeex, u ropula cy uHTe rzreHTHH. Ibuxoee Kocrrr, r,tuutuhu r4 yHyTpaubr-r opraHH cy
CAHI{HH HAIIII,IMA.

O4pacan nayxjax ca cpe6puuu,ne[Hlaa je qeHrap nopo4urrHor )rcuBora. fberoje 4pyra no xrajeBa oMn"ibeHa )KeHKa papxrzjrz y rpynv. Ocralu q^aHoBrr rropo4r4rJe oapebyjy ceoj craryc no cHa3H Be3aca loMHHaHTHnnrrlyxjarcon. Ocra,ru rrryxjarln v,ory Aa u3a3oBy o4pac^or r.ryxjaxa r.r4a npo6ajy Aa uy npeorMy xapeM. O6z.rHo oH r{x orepa, noxasyjyhz urra cnoje orurpe ay6e, y4apa ce y rpyAr u jano Burre. Mefyrnu, noHeKa4 4ole 4o 6op6e, y xojoj crapv uyxjarc 6uea orepau. flpe Hefo rxTo ce napu ca xeHKoM 4a 6u ocHOBao concrBeHy uruacrnjy, Honajauja.o6u.rHo no6uje cee 6e6e rrHJr.r oTarl Je }beroB npeTXoAHLrK. Be6a ropu,r,a noqun,e Aa nysv ca ornprr,tnKe 9 ne4e,ra. Ona ce qBpcro Ap)rrv3a vajvau croMaK.AoK ce urerajy rxyMoM. llpecraje Aa cvca ca orrrprrlrrKe rpu H no roauHe,jep ce vajrca npr,rnpeMa 4a noHoBo AoHeceMAaAyHtIe Ha ceer. Ee6a roplrla je pamueo MAaAyHqe H cKopo rro^oBr4Haux yfl{He npe Hero rxTo Aoc^fvrlly 3pe^ocT. XeHxa roplrle rrolHo He ca3pr.r,aoK

A l-opnnexlrBe y rpynaMa oA no xx 15 je4nxxn, a npegBogl,r HaiBehnMyxiaK. l-pyna ce cacroi!l

OA XeHKll 1,1 lbl4XOBl,lX MnaAyHal{a'

aAonecr{eHara n 1-2 MpKiaKa. ropnae 6opn noxasyjy j\a ce-rr,ryxtjarc caMo Aa OH oZOpaHHocBoJanpaBa Ha naperbe n nopo4utlHy rpyny.

O.rynarre
Epoj n,raHrzHcKl4x ropHla je onao, :r;aAa cy npauryMe y oKo HHH BrlpyHra ByIKaHa HcKprreHe pa4H norbonpHBpeAe. CaAa, na4a Hrzje [peocra o BLIue o4 620 je4uuKt4 oBe Bpcre y AHB.uwHA, ropr4^a Je perKa r,ryfpo?KeHa)r(HBorLltl;a. VIarco no4noxje n aHVHa Br.rrrapyHra HMacTaTycHarIHoHaiHof [apKa, a ropuia je saruruheHa )KprBornrba, ropula parHa rproBr.rHa,to6amarrra oAB u orKraHyrLrM rxaKaMaoncraje. OHe ce 'cyBeHhpu'. npoaajy rypncr'z'Ma Kao r aBHOr Aonorcpa4zrle norxre4e rrayxjana, 3arHM y6Hjy rrlajxe Aa 6u uu yKpaAH 6e6e 3a Aarby npo4ajy. Melyrrana,M^al: ropnle o6zvHo 6peo yruI{y y 3apooaeHuurBy KaKo oA Heno4ooHe xpaHe, TaKo H 04 rxoKa 3oof ryoprrKa nopo4nrle.

Pauu ncrpaxuBaqa cy lperepuBrL rr y [pHrraMa 4a Je rcppna KpBo oqHa, rcarco 6H rbHXoBHrroayxBaru H3r eAa u xpa6puju. lo4nuarr.ra ce nepona,lo 4aje ropula onacHa. tr4crpaxuvatba caAa

A Oea nnaHlrHcKa roplrna npoBoAlr Behlr Aeo BpeMeHa, xpaHefih ce lr3AaHqlrMa, nlrufieM 14 cpxlf cTa6rbnKau rpaHqnqa.
t o U 6 c _g c
d

E E .6 Y

{ 6e6a rophna je 6ecnomofinano pobelby, npBlrx HeKonlrKoMeceqll He MOXeHn Aa Ce Apxlr 3a MaiKy. Ca 6 ueceqlr Mo)KecaMa Aa ce nelbe, anr4Be3aca MaiKoMocraie jaxa jou.r3-4 rognne, KaAa MaiKa Ao6hie HoBe MnaAyHqe.

peny foprnenprnonoiy flpruorolr noporhqrr goillo u Pongidoe. flocioie nre ryuerGorilla G.berangei Bcnxqrxo: Myxior 1,7- 1,8ueropo, Xexro 1,5ueropo. Tuc,lno: l40l80 rr (uyxioxf roprno, o cBe xrBey flocoir 5 nolBpcrq AQprun: Uenrponnoi foprm 3onoffefll,trliicKc lC. soik godilol llcroqronruicxo ropmo (C.fuingoigloulllil finorxucxo roprno (G.b.bqin@l Pevno roprno (G.dicW Suxnr ropno fios ne*loslfrkowncJ

lllnMnaH3e
I-llumnausecy Hauru najbnurcu pofiat4u c6emy, y JrcusomutbcKoM je da denuno a Hec)tvLrbueo njeduuuxoz npemxa,jep je mo jedna odpemxuxn(usomuba xoja Mme da npaau u xopucmu oQybe y ceaxodmestroM Jtusonxy.

r \-/

Maraunause npuna4ajy ^oJ. rpynu )KnBorr{rba 3BaI I I I r Hoj 'sprcoKu npuuaru', y r rcojy cnaaajy u ropn^e, H opaHryranz. IITuunaH3e cy 3lerracre, ca jarcunt cryOacrul.r HoraMa u AyraqKuM pyKaua rcoje raMAoce)Ky Ao vcno4 Ko eHa u Ha HoKaAa ce ycnpaBe. Ha pyxar,,ra raMa HMaJyrra^qeBe. Auqe uu je Ayryhacro rz na epxy je sao6/beHo. l4v.ajy HcraKHyro rrelo u Ha6op v3HaA o6pna, Kao H HcrypeHe Brr HrIe.Ovu cy uM Be rzKeH oKpyr e. Te,toje npeKpuBeHorIpHoMHAu raMHo 6paou 4 aKoM,Ha ^nqy neuajy alaKe. Ko4 rtlrrafnxje4uurcn je ouo 6oje rr,reca, Tt t t T f
aAId Ca fo4uHaMa noTaMHLl.

Crarrurure
Haceraaajy pe arutBflanac rrrnMrraH3e Ho MaAy o6aacr 3ana4He u rreHTpalje o6uvuo He AQpane. CraHuurre zrra ruyucno,jep nola lrtvBora npoBole Ha rpaHaMa. llope4 TponcKr.rxrparuyMa, n rrorrryMrbeHe oHe HaceJbasajy caBaHe, a vMa vx v y nlane'rle.cnrau o6aacrraua oa 3 000 u. lo Br4cr4He Ha r,lv runMnaH3e xo4ajy Ha cBa qerHpH yAa, pyKe cy uM ucrpy)KeHe, a IrIaKe oKpeHyre raKo 4a xo4ajy Ha r{IaHIIr4Ma. TTIHNrnansa Molrce npuluqHo Ayro Aaxo4a ycnpaBHo.

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A llJtarunaxse pa3KOpHCre He u3pa3eAa 6n noragane ceoje ennounje. Oea xlaeorurua noxasyje Spycrpauuje.

TTlurr,rnaHse o6uqno x(rzBey Be LrKrzM > KaAa je unmnaH3a3aAoBorbf p y [ I a M a3 8 a H u M ' 4 p y u T B a n ' ^n'qonoHa,nltqe ioiie pu'. OHe ce cacroje o4 no 100 kr Brrne
xHBOTUIba, a-^n TI aHOBLI CBaKOT r{OIO-

flasurce

pa ce yapylryjy y uarne rpyne 04 oKo 12 je4uarcu. LfluN.rnaHce urrvrre ceoje TepHTopr-u e 14 uMaJyBarpeHe rlaTpo^e 4yrx rpaHzua. O4nocz yHyrap qonopa v ca ruuMrraH3aMa rr3 Apyrux rpyna qecTo cy BeoMaKoMrrAr4KoBaHra. Myxjaqn cy alpecrrBHvrJeAHvrrlpeMa ApyrvMa, a rvryxjarcaHaAeuaBa ce 4a HeKo^r,rrco na4He u cMpTHo paHu 3aiyTa y LnvitlrraH3yKoJace yByrrey qonop. Illuunause cy najaxruuuuje aawy. Hohy cnaeajy Ha naarQopMaMa BucoKo y apnehy.Te n,rarQopue ce npaBe rrpe-

onyurexo. Kaga je cpefixa, xa nrqy ce noiaBll ocMex,Bl,tAe ce gorrn sy6r,r; KaAaie y3HeMupeHa lrnH rbyra, orBopl,r ycra Aa ioi ce BltAe ll roplbl,r 1,r Aolbl,l sy6u; xaga npfiu ycxe, ro je 3HaKnO3ApaBa nnn ye6yferua.

ye6y[erre

ycxuhenocr

Tyra

377

urMnAH3E
a,rre r'6pso ce eeh 4pr+ie 3a rbeH croMaK AoK ce oua xpehe. Ka4a uanyHe ner Meceuu, 6e6e urur,rnaH3e ce rrerbv Ha uajuuHa,lela. M,la4e ruHMttaH3enpecTaJVJ,a crHcaJvKaJa rJMaJvTpH ror4HHe, a,lu ocrajy ca ua.jnou ner Atl ce4aM, a rroHeKaz H 4ece'f roAIdHa.

Ynorpe6a opyba
I

| ilrbcKo\,r uap(r B) Je Je4l4Ho 'y ;hr4B(, je voeen 6o,t,u o4 uruMnaH3e Ka4a ce paJH o crroco6noc:r'ri npallJberba opylla 3a peuaBaFbe KOJeMO'{te4a Ce KOPHCTH <l4pelerrnx npo6,neua, a napoqu'r() la IIpHtsvK e Ce oizKrrra xparberbe. ta6n |paH\/ rrvrr\/ n,\ol'l()Ba Kol)Hcrl'ellr1all, a KaMeH H H CTeHyAa 6r par] ,r,rla,\r]BoIlruenoje nuajy vupcrl',r'ycny.TepuH'rH c\/ \rKvcaH <l6pon 3a ruHMlrarI3e, a I,I ltaKc) urrr ne 6v vje,ru p1,r<v rropncle LUTanH rr ruopeH ncljn rypa.j,v y repMl4'ruban. Ka4a ce TePMH'I'H IIOIIItV IIa [ITarr, rrrHMrrilHl]a npe r-a H3Bvrre a 6psrl rr<rjegel4HceKT'e r r e f ' ou r l ( ) r c l n j y r r p H H r i \ , t a j e r j t ' r r r . O4pac,rrz rrayxr.jaqn rrrHMrraH3c r{()l ) 1 1r(e l t e M e l rH r l ) r n l n a o t t l r <j,e n r t t , l e I Il ) H . \ r r l i () \ l u e l l e n l o rr r . r j a , I r( t) t n p H K a : t H rlarba al'pecHje, sa uper\{e 6<lp6n u,ln t ()K()M OUa.

Cuarrerre 6poja
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A llJurtrnan3a MHoroBHUeKoplrcrn pyKe Hero Hore KaAace nerbe Ha gpeefie, na cy joj pyKe HapoLr4ro AyraqKey oAHocyHa KparKe,3AenacTeHore.
rrlf|larbeM |l):rlla y IteK\/ Bpc'fv |He3+'[a. Ilorrena4 rxHMnar-r3a rranparH lHe3Jo ,!llilr| 4a 6u ce o4n01ru-ra. fllur.rnarrte cy eKclpeMHo crroco6He . r r l ) e n t l 3 H ar . b r r e oj e Jr ( e ol:\Arxarrajva Herioir.rKo l)a:l^HqHl'r4x THnoBa :lBylia t r o j e t t p o u s u o . l e .O r r r u a p r a p a j v , , 4r i n c K()f f pox'l'a tba. trr ro .rHr le 4oti je Av. At)
I^ll( HIt\ \\'li()tsa. RpH(aKa H ()\'bftlFba

H VDl4.Ja a MAaAe CHCaI)e - ClrHrbe, ail'r'H-

,rone, r ranujar re r.r rlrajnayr re. Xparr,erbe je ,tl,rrra cl Bal).ra Har(()H urro v6ujr i A H B ( ) rH n , \ . c _ B A r ic aa l ) a l l b a r r p e c r a . j er - r r r o 9 H r b co o p ( ) a o K o ^ e l x H H e .

PasMHoxcaBarbe
PagNrrro;riaearr,ece o4uHja v 6n,lo rtcrje Jo6a l-oJHHe,.jep;xeHua cBanux 3tt aaHa vluulH y ce3olrv rraperba.Hano cv o6a no,\a II(),\HO :]pe,\a ca cerlaM Lr r,rocaM r o A h u a . ; h e r r K e r r e p a l 3 a j v/ o K H e n a n y rre 13.Myxjaun lr( lloJbauajy cencya,rHo IloHauarbe Mrr()r'opaHnje, a,,rr.r r16rr.{Ho 4O VCnetxHOf rrapelba rre lo^a3H 4oK ranot3e rre Hauyne 13 ro4Hna. rrFrorrpoMHcKyHTer}I{errrte cy npH r'r ne (r.ruajv MHOr'onaprHepa), a Ka*4acy cnpeMHe Ja ce nape rrpHfrH he 6H,no nolr rr,ry;xjaxy y lpynu u rrapnhe ce ca LbHx lreKolr.rr<o. floHerra4 vyxjex u 'c),npyi,r{eHKa<popunpajl, Be3v, 3BaHv ;+lHzIln' u o4e<lje ce o/ rlonopa Aa 6u ce IIapn,\H caMO JeAHo c ApyrriM. Ilepaoa recraurajexo4 urrvnaHrn je o6u.rHo 230 ,qaHa, HaKoH qera i+ieHKa onorlr je4Ho M aJyHr{e, Ma4a rroHeKal uua H 6,r.ugaHalla. MIa/e rxuMrrau3e cy H a p o l S e r s r n o r n v H o p a c e H j e u e .a . \ H c \ cra6e H 6ecnovohse. fIpeHx HeKo HKo 4 a H a H x v a j x a , r , 1 , t a A H o c t 4H a p y r { a M a .

Ouarpa ce g'a uHMuaHiln uuue neMa v reKHM :JcMrbaMa r 4 e . j e r r e r r a 4 a6 t t , r a (recra. 04 rrpoqerre 4a.je 6H,ro FIeKoAHrio MHAr.rorra norrelri()M 20. Beria,.rHrrH ce 4aje y Anrlnrvtn4 ()c:r'al() ou<l 200 000 olt I,rx t+ir.r rJo'r'Hma. I Iope/4 1'() I'a-[Ir-o (:v u x O B u 1 43 a X P a r r v H i H / i l o H 3 a r x l Hl.\H r(),rr()nprBl)e4\(rurturtatt.re t<1la, arro l,IM ce npyiiilr lrpH Hrt:r), 4,V ,VCeBe xrlar'al\/ r,rx n pa4H rrl)o.,{,aje l}(x) orrnr.rM BI)]-OBHM:i H H 3:l UCl par.rir{Barba. Kaci u'ro -je c,ryraj ca MnolaM irir.ruoTHtI)aMa, HaJBena onacrr(xl'r' 3a ()lrc |aFIaK te \/HHrfi'aBarbe c:-faHHlll-fa. J I l a H H . t r r o l t l a c H ( p H r i o B a l r cl i a o v | l ) ( ) }KeHe ULrMrraH3e Cy, yr^aBlroM, 3ailrlntrerre v MrrornM <l6,racruua.

o 4psehe us pa3,lnrihrlrx l)&:lAr)r?.Ti4 3ByqH Ce nllclroce KPo3 rxyMe H Morv 4a ce (l\/lv npeKo Je4HoI Krl OMel'pa.

[Icxpana
3pc,to eohe ,tHHn Hajuehr.r 4e() xpaHe t u n M n a H 3 h .a M o r \ 4 a r a j e 4 r r r q e I H pn cara /HeBHo. IIlnr,rnaHse Bo-\e 4a np<luaf y 4pno rperyHo eofra naxo 6rr ce r,t3BecHoBpeMe xpaHlt^e Ha HCTOM N{ecr\'.llope4 soha r.i,ruruha, r.rHMnaHse.je.1,vu cBe lpyre Bpcre pacrHlba Koperse, ceMeHKe, KOpy, cMo^y H uBerotte. I4cxpaH\' dorr\'rb\jr nut enr zua rorrvr repMHra. Lfluunanga capalyje c a 4 p \ r r d Mu r h M n a H 3 a M aA a b v ( ) B l , l ^ a 378
I ,

IIlur,4nausecy npnuaru xoja npuna4ajy nopo4aqr4 H omi,nida e. flocroju je4Ha Bpcra (Pan troglodfies) ca r{eraprz no4BpcTe: Illrnrnassa c MacKoM (Pan troglodytes aerw) Illuuuaxga qpHor ,rqa (Pan troglodytestroglo dyte s) rrruMrras3a {yro4naxa (Pan troglo dytesschu einfur thi,i) Hurepnj cra runMrrarrsa (Pan troglodytes aellerostu) Heru Hayunuqn cN{arpajyaaje nrarvejcxa rxuMnaH3a (Pan panis an) rarcole no4Bpcra, a"tr,reehnHa repyje 4aje ro noce6na npcra.