ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES CHART

SIMPLE PRESENT and SIMPLE PAST The active object becomes the passive subject. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participle Active: Simple Present The movie fascinates me. The movie bores Jack. The movie surprises them. Active: Simple Past The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack. The movie surprised them. Passive: Simple Present I am fascinated by the movie. Jack is bored by the movie. They are surprised by the movie. Passive: Simple Past I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie. They were surprisedby the movie.

PRESENT and PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE Passive form: am/is/are + bein + past participle was/were + bein + past participle Active: Present C!ntin"!"s I am helpin !hannon. June is helpin !u and "in . Active: Past C!ntin"!"s I was cleanin the bathroom. They were cleanin the bedroom. !usan was cleanin the kitchen and patio. Passive: Present #ontinuous !hannon is bein helped by me. !u and "in are bein helped by June. Passive: Past C!ntin"!"s The bathroom was bein cleaned by me. The bedroom was bein cleaned by them. The kitchen and patio were bein cleaned by !usan.

PRESENT PER#ECT$ PAST PER#ECT and #UTURE PER#ECT Passive form: have/has been + past participle had been + past participle Active: Present Per%ect I have mailed the ift. Jack has mailed the ifts. Passive: Present Per%ect The ift has been mailed by me. The ifts have been mailed by Jack.

Passive: Past Per%ect Active: Past Per%ect The movie had been directed by !teven !teven !pielber had directed the movie. !pielber . Penny $arshall had directed those movies. The movies had been directed by Penny $arshall. Active: #"t"re Per%ect John will have finished the project ne%t month. They will have finished the projects before then. Passive: #"t"re Per%ect The project will have been finished by ne%t month. The projects will have been finished before then.

#UTURE TENSES Passive forms: will + be + past participle is/are oin to be + past participle Active: #"t"re &it' (ILL I will mail the ift. Jack will mail the ifts. Active: #"t"re &it' GOING TO I am oin to make the cake. !ue is oin to make two cakes. Passive: #"t"re &it' (ILL The ift will be mailed by me. The ifts will be mailed by Jack. Passive: #"t"re &it' GOING TO The cake is oin to be made by me. Two cakes are oin to be made by !ue.

PRESENT ) #UTURE MO*ALS The passive form follows this pattern: modal + be + past participle Active: (ILL ) (ON+T ((ILL NOT !haron will invite Tom to the party. !haron won&t invite Jeff to the party. '!haron will not invite Jeff to the party.( Active: CAN ) CAN+T (CAN NOT $ai can foretell the future. Terry can&t foretell the future. 'Terry can not foretell the future.( Active: MA, ) MA, NOT )er company may ive *atya a new office. The la+y students may not do the homework. MIG-T ) MIG-T NOT )er company mi ht ive *atya a new office. The la+y students mi ht not do the homework. Passive: (ILL ) (ON+T ((ILL NOT Tom will be invited to the party by !haron. Jeff won&t be invited to the party by !haron. 'Jeff will not be invited to the party by !haron.( Passive: CAN ) CAN+T (CAN NOT The future can be foretold by $ai. The future can&t be foretold by Terry. 'The future can not be foretold by Terry.( Passive: MA, ) MA, NOT *atya may be iven a new office by her company. The homework may not be done by the la+y students. MIG-T ) MIG-T NOT *atya mi ht be iven a new office by her company. The homework mi ht not be done by the la+y students. Passive: S-OUL* ) S-OUL*N+T ,n lish verbs should be memori+ed by students. #i arettes shouldn&t be smoked by children. Passive: OUG-T TO ,n lish verbs ou ht to be memori+ed by students. Passive: -A* .ETTER ) -A* .ETTER NOT ,n lish had better be practiced every day by students. -hiskey had better not be drunk by children. Passive: MUST ) MUST NOT . passport to travel abroad must be applied for. That door must not be used by customers. Passive: -AS TO ) -AVE TO ,n lish has to be practiced every day. The dishes have to be washed by them every day. *OESN+T -AVE TO) *ON+T -AVE TO )er bedroom doesn&t have to be cleaned every day. Their bedrooms don&t have to be cleaned every day. Passive: .E SUPPOSE* TO The composition is supposed to be typed by me. The stories in the book are not supposed to be copied. The livin room is supposed to be cleaned by Janet.

Active: S-OUL* ) S-OUL*N+T !tudents should memori+e ,n lish verbs. #hildren shouldn&t smoke ci arettes. Active: OUG-T TO !tudents ou ht to learn ,n lish verbs. 'ne ative ou ht to is rarely used( Active: -A* .ETTER ) -A* .ETTER NOT !tudents had better practice ,n lish every day. #hildren had better not drink whiskey. Active: MUST ) MUST NOT Tourists must apply for a passport to travel abroad. #ustomers must not use that door. Active: -AS TO ) -AVE TO !he has to practice ,n lish every day. !ara and $iho have to wash the dishes every day. *OESN+T -AVE TO) *ON+T -AVE TO $aria doesn&t have to clean her bedroom every day. The children don&t have to clean their bedrooms every day. Active: .E SUPPOSE* TO I am supposed to type the composition. I am not supposed to copy the stories in the book. Janet is supposed to clean the livin room. !he isn&t supposed to eat candy and um. They are supposed to make dinner for the

family. They aren&t supposed to make dessert.

#andy and um aren&t supposed to be eaten by her. /inner for the family is supposed to be made by them. /essert isn&t supposed to be made by them.

PAST MO*ALS The past passive form follows this pattern: modal + have been + past participle Active: S-OUL* -AVE ) S-OUL*N+T -AVE The students should have learned the verbs. The children shouldn&t have broken the window. Passive: S-OUL* -AVE ) S-OUL*N+T -AVE The verbs should have been learned by the students. The window shouldn&t have been broken by the children.

Active: OUG-T TO Passive: OUG-T TO !tudents ou ht to have learned the verbs. The verbs ou ht to have been learned by the students. 'ne ative ou ht to is rarely used( Passive: .E SUPPOSE* TO (past time The composition was supposed to be typed by me. The story in the book wasn&t supposed to be copied. The livin room was supposed to be cleaned by Janet. #andy and um weren&t supposed to be eaten by her. /inner was supposed to be made by them. /essert wasn&t supposed to be made by them. Passive: MA, ) MA, NOT *atya may have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper may not have been written by the students. MIG-T ) MIG-T NOT *atya mi ht have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper mi ht not have been written by the students.

Active: .E SUPPOSE* TO (past time I was supposed to type the composition. I wasn&t supposed to copy the story in the book. Janet was supposed to clean the livin room. !he wasn&t supposed to eat candy and um. 0rank and Jane were supposed to make dinner. They weren&t supposed to make dessert.

Active: MA, ) MA, NOT That firm may have offered *atya a new job. The students may not have written the paper. MIG-T ) MIG-T NOT That firm mi ht have offered *atya a new job. The students mi ht not have written the paper.