Using Cognates to Develop Comprehension in English Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling,

and pronunciation. For Spanish-speaking ELLs, cognates are an obvious bridge to the English language. Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation. While English may share very ew cognates with a language like Chinese, !"-#"$ o all words in English have a related word in Spanish. For Spanish-speaking ELLs, cognates are an obvious bridge to the English language. %ot surprisingly, researchers who study irst and second language ac&uisition have ound that students bene it rom cognate awareness. Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool or understanding a second language. Children can be taught to use cognates as early as preschool. 's students move up the grade levels, they can be introduced to more sophisticated cognates, and to cognates that have multiple meanings in both languages, although some o those meanings may not overlap. (ne e)ample o a cognate with multiple meanings is asistir, which means to assist *same meaning+ but also to attend *di erent meaning+. Exercise: Read the article and circle all the cognates, and underline words you dont understand.

Google Is Exploring an Alternative to Cookies for Ad Tracking

Google, the biggest online advertising company, is considering a new way to help advertisers track people across the Web and consolidate its power in the industry. Google could create an anonymous identifier, tied to users of its Chrome browser on a specific device, that advertisers would use to target ads, according to a person briefed on the plan who declined to be identified because the plan is young and one of several options being considered. The identifier would replace cookies, the tiny files that are the predominant way that advertisers track users across the Web and show ads based on users online behavior, but which are widely believed to be dysfunctional. Googles idea, first reported by U ! Today, comes as advertisers are beginning to panic about finding alternatives to cookies, and as other efforts to establish standards for online tracking fall apart. This week, a working group to establish a "o #ot Track standard for online advertising lost an important member, the "igital !dvertising !lliance. !pples afari browser does not allow third$party cookies, and %o&illa has said 'irefo( will follow suit. %icrosofts )nternet *(plorer has "o #ot Track turned on by default, but advertisers are under no obligation to follow it. Tracking people on mobile devices is a challenge for advertisers, because apps do not use cookies. The )nteractive !dvertising +ureau started a group last fall to e(plore the future of the cookie and alternatives, and many companies besides Google are coming up with options. ,ordan %itchell, co$chair of the group and a vice president at the -ubicon .ro/ect, a digital

ad agency, called the current situation for advertisers unreliable and uneconomical and 0a lose$lose$lose situation for advertisers, consumers, publishers and platforms.1 !pple populari&ed the idea of an anonymous identifier, which is part of its i.hone software for advertising in mobile apps. 2n the Web, it would offer advertisers a similar benefit as cookies 3 building a behavioral profile of people based on the sites they visit. +ut is easier for users to turn off with a single change in settings, or potentially to use a different )" for Web browsing they want to keep private. Google is in a particularly influential spot to make such a change. Chrome is the most$used browser, and Google earns 45 percent of digital advertising revenue, according to e%arketer, far more than any of its competitors. Though the ad identifier would be available to any ad network, advertiser or publisher that wanted to use it, it would also concentrate even more control over the digital advertising industry with Google. )n a statement, Google implied that it was e(ploring new alternatives to cookies, but declined to discuss specific plans. 0We believe that technological enhancements can improve users security while ensuring the Web remains economically viable,1 the statement said. 0We and others have a number of concepts in this area, but theyre all at very early stages.1

Despite Early Criticism, Apples iOS !"ickly Gains Traction

Consumers are downloading !pples latest mobile operating system in droves, despite some harsh criticism from designers, app developers and /ournalists who had tried early versions of the software. Chitika, an online advertising network that pulls data through apps that serve its ads, estimated that 56 percent of all i2 devices downloaded the new software, i2 7, within 84 hours of its release on Wednesday. Chitika based its estimate on a sampling of millions of ad impressions in #orth !merica. The adoption rate of i2 7 appeared to surpass that of its predecessor, i2 9, which was downloaded on 54.6 percent of i2 devices on its first day of release, according to Chitika. This is good news for !pple. )t is beneficial for !pple, and any handset maker, to keep customers running the latest software. 2lder smartphones dont run the new software system as well as the latest models, and some features wont work at all. 'or e(ample, i2 7s new camera filters work with newer i.hones, but not the older i.hone 4. -unning the new operating system encourages people with old i.hones to buy a new model to take advantage of the new features. )f theres one thing to learn from new versions of !pples mobile software, i2 , it might be that everyday people dont care about what so$called tech influencers have to say. %any developers and designers scrutini&ed early versions of i2 7 before its release, saying it was awkward to use and the design was not attractive. imilarly, before i2 9 was released last year, /ournalists and app developers critici&ed the operating system for its spotty maps app, which replaced Googles mapping data with !pples own. till, !pple in ,anuary said that :;; million i2 devices had upgraded to i2 9 five months after its release. <!round that time, !pple had sold roughly =;; million i2 devices> it has now sold 7;; million.?

!n analytics chart from Topsy showing tweets from 6@;; .% yesterday to 58@;; .% today tracking positive and negative sentiment about !pples new mobile operating system. The latest operating system has a far different design than earlier versions, but consumers appear to be reacting mostly positively to the change. Topsy, a company that does Twitter analytics, sampled seven million Twitter posts about i2 7. !bout 5.8 million of the tweets were positive and 5.5 million were negative> the rest were neutral. %ost of the negative tweets were from people complaining about having to wait to download the software update, Topsy said.

#ace$ook %emoves Dating Ads #eat"ring &'oto of Dead Girl

'acebook has apologi&ed for dating ads that recently appeared on its service that featured a photo of a Canadian teenager, -ehtaeh .arsons, who hanged herself in !pril. %s. .arsonss case has received much publicity in Canada because she had been the target of cyberbullying because of online circulation of photos taken of her after an alleged gang rape in 8;55. Critics said the initial crime was poorly investigated by the police, who recently reopened the case. The 0'ind Aove in Canada1 ads with photos of %s. .arsons were placed on 'acebook by one of the many dating sites that barrage users of the social network. The site, ionechat.com, apparently pulled news photos of %s. .arsons off the Web after reports of her suicide and used them without authori&ation in the ad. The owner of the site, which has been shut down, told The Toronto un that he had used the photo by mistake and wasnt aware of the girls background. 'acebook said it had blocked the company from submitting future ads. 0This is an e(tremely unfortunate e(ample of an advertiser scraping an image from the )nternet and using it in their ad campaign,1 'acebook said in a statement. 0This is a gross violation of our ad policies and we have removed the ad and permanently deleted the advertisers account. We apologi&e for any harm this has caused.1 The incident comes as the 'ederal Trade Commission is conducting an inBuiry into 'acebooks proposed changes to its privacy policies. .rivacy advocates say the changes would give 'acebook wider latitude to use the names and photos of teenagers in ads and also would allow the company to use photos of its users in facial recognition software that would help their friends tag them in other photos. The publication of the ads featuring %s. .arsonss face highlights a weakness in the advertising systems of 'acebook and many other Web sites. The sites run so many ads that the process of submitting and screening them is automated, allowing some ob/ectionable ads to get through. While 'acebooks computers scan for obvious violations of its advertising policy, such as ads that feature nudity or automatic weapons, they cannot easily detect more subtle issues. )n this case, 'acebook said, its computers would not have known why a photo of the girl was problematic. 'acebook said it relied on users to report ob/ectionable content, which is then reviewed by a team of people at the company. The e(act process of reporting an ob/ectionable ad varies by the type of ad, but generally, a user can click on the little C or arrow or Dide tory button that is at the top right corner of

the ad. That should pull up a list of options for why the user wants to block or report or hide the content. )n the case of %s. .arsons, !ndrew *nnals, a Canadian ad copywriter, caught the attention of 'acebook on Tuesday after he posted screenshots of the ob/ectionable ads on Twitter.