SSK/BIO Bartro/Hardman Two-Column notes: pages 34-37 Title: Chemistry of Cells What are carbon compounds?

Name: Taylor Bagdon Date: November 10 2013

A: Usually makes covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen and other carbons; without cells would not function - Organic compounds- made of carbon - Found in all living things ex. soil, garden, food, etc. - All food has organic compound Vocab:

What are carbohydrates?

A: A major source of energy which can be in most foods Vocab: Carbohydrates: organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1 (1C:2H:1O) - Monomer=Monosaccharides(sweet): Single sugars (glucose, fructose)=1 carbon ring Glucose=blood sugar Single ring - Polymer=Polysaccharides= 2 or more sugars linked in a chain Starch: glucose Multiple rings attached together - Give energy (fast energy)

What are lipids?

A: Fat that stores lots energy, a typical fatty 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule backbone Saturated: Ex. butter Unsaturated: Ex. olive oil - Lipids=fats - Stored energy - Do not mix w/ H2O b/c they are non-polar -Monomer: fatty acids - 2 types= unsaturated +saturated - Unsaturated= not max amount H - Saturated= max amount of H

Vocab: Lipids: Non-polar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water What are proteins? A: Ex. enzymes, skin tendons and bones, antibodies, helps muscle contract, hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen - Give you structure, allow you to move, grow and heal - Monomer: amino acid - Proteins folded chains of amino acids

does not do its job Denaturing the protein - Enzymes are types of protein Vocab: Protein: Usually a large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids Amino acids: Building blocks of protein What are nucleic acids? A: Made up of two types of nucleotides - Polymer: DNA or RNA - Carries your traits - Get from parents=heredity - DNA=deoxyribonucleic acid

- Monomer: nucleotide

DNA

Nucleotide

Vocab: Nucleic acids: A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides Nucleotide: Has 3 parts: a sugar, a base, & a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Consist of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other RNA (Ribonucleic acid): May consist of a single strand nucleotides or base paired nucleotides What is ATP? A: Where energy is stored in molecules for a temporary time Vocab: ATP (adenosine triphosphate): a single nucleotide with two extra energy storing phosphate groups