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Classification by Temperature
9 8 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 100 200 Temperature, F 300 400
BTU/Ton
Heating Vaporization
HalfWarm Asphalt
Drying
connecting people
Brief History
1997 German Bitumen Forum 2000 Second Euroasphalt & Eurobitume Congress (Barcelona) NAPA 2002 European Scan Tour Germany and Norway NAPA 2003-2008 Annual Meetings World of Asphalt 2004 2005-2007 Many U.S. Field Trials 2007 FHWA/AASHTO Scan Tour 2008 Permissive Specifications 2010 FHWA Promotes as Focus Technology
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Jan 2007
Jan 2008
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Currently Twenty One (21) Technologies Marketed and Available in the U.S.
Chemical
Organic
Foaming
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200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
Mixing Temperature ( F)
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Maxam AQUABlack
300 ton of mix x 6.0% ac 18 liquid ton x ~1.25 (to 2.5)% Equals 450 (900) lbs. water Or54 (108) gallons
Allowable moisture in completed mix = < 0.5%. 300 ton of mix x 0.5% = 3000 Lbs. of water Or360 gallons. Almost of these.
Additives
Long-chain paraffin
Viscosity reduced at high temperatures Harden at service temperatures
Surfactant based
Reduce surface tension of binder Coating at lower temperatures
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Chattanooga - Loadout
Control Temp = 320oF WMA Temp = 270oF
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Yellowstone Paving
Control Temp = 320oF
Reduced Emissions
Data provided by suppliers Aspha-min North Carolina 265oF
17.6% decrease in SO2 3.2% decrease in CO2 35.3% decrease in total hydrocarbons 6.1% decrease in NOx 45.8% decrease in CO2 63.1% decrease in CO 41.2% decrease in SO2 58% decrease in NOx
Direct comparisons are discouraged different plants, different weather, different temperatures
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Asphalt consists of two main fractions: asphalteneswhich are the hard brittle component, insoluble and not affected by oxidation and the highly reactive subfractions: maltenes These maltenes are oily and resinous in appearance
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Decreased binder aging, light oils never reach boiling point (285 F)
WMA Lanes
Reduced Oxidation
140 120 100 Pen 80 60 40 20 0
Virgin AC Recovered AC 2 years
TxDOT Hamburg Rut Specimens HMA vs. WMA after 1 year of service
500
CYCLES TO FAILURE
397.0
200
SAMPLE
Absorption
Warm Mix Hot Mix
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From the NCAT Web Site: To date, some of the most significant findings . . . include: WMA placed into service immediately after construction has not exhibited susceptibility to early rutting. The long-term durability and rutting performance of WMA has been found to be comparable to hot-mix.
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In November 2010 GOH produced and placed over 145,000 ton of Warm Mixes, for PennDOT roads affected by the heavy traffic related to the Marcellus Shale Gas Well Industry.
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January 2011
Timeline of Warm-Mix in PA
11/30/07 Letter to Districts soliciting WMA pilot projects 12/17/08 SOL 421-08-09 PennDOT expands WMA use to nonfederal aid projects 6/17/09 SOL 423-09-01 WMA expanded to federal aid projects with work plan 6/29/10 SOL 423-10-01 Internal Target of 20% Warm mix asphalt for 2010
2008
2009
2010
2011
23 WMA projects constructed + additional Dept. force paving and www.dot.state.pa.us gas well paving
Issues / Concerns
Long-term durability Moisture sensitivity (NCHRP study) High RAP usage Construction season extension
Issues / Concerns
(Continued) No formalized mix design procedure Lack of technology specific standard guidelines No formalized process to handle evaluation and approval of new technologies
Answers to Concerns
Evaluation of performance (Europe, Test Tracks, APT) NCHRP 9-43 Ramon Bonaquist W.O. #32 Penn State University Acceptance protocols for new technologies NEAUPG WMA Task Force QCP
Better energy efficiency Better performance Better compaction Better working conditions
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AK
WA MT OR ID WY NE NV UT CA AZ CO KS MO KY TN AR MS TX LA HI FL AL GA IA IL IN OH WV VA NC SC SD MI PA ND MN WI
VT ME NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD DC
NY
OK NM
Guam
VI
PR
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Just Released
Upcoming Event
Conclusions
Warm Mix is the Future of Asphalt Mixtures. Technology providers coming forward. Industry and agencies must work together to make it happen. Advantages outweigh concerns. Will add to versatility of the material.
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Comments / Questions?