! Review Questions (Remember these are not representative of all types of questions on Exam 1) 1.

To be considered abnormal, a persons behavior must be deviate from the norm and a. a violation of the individuals culture b. a cause of emotional distress and/or functional impairment c. a source of conflict with a persons peer group d. an embarrassment to the persons family 2. The cognitive model is based on the idea that our a. perceptions and interpretations of events are more important than the events themselves b. cognitive abilities differ depending on our developmental stage c. brains are permanently affected by external events d. intelligence level determines which disorders we are prone to 3. Sally suffers from an eating disorder. The psychologist asked her to keep a diary and record what she eats, when she eats something, where she is when she eats, and what she is feeling right before, during, and after she eats. This is called a. behavioral application b. semi-structured interview c. self-monitoring d. self-report measuring 4. Dr. Smith develops the Smith Depression Inventory and gives it to hundreds of patients with depression. He also gives those patients the widely used Beck Depression Inventory. He finds that the average scores on the two questionnaires are highly correlated. Dr. Smith has demonstrated that the Smith Depression inventory has a. concurrent validity b. predictive validity c. face validity d. content validity 5. Administering psychological tests to someone from another country may produce biased results if which of the following is not considered? a. The language in which the test was written b. The education of the person taking the test c. Cultural beliefs and values of the person taking the test d. All of the above

! 6. Moral treatment, the eighteenth century innovation of Philippe Pinel, was characterized by a. daily compulsory church attendance b. imposition of a work schedule to teach patients duty and productivity c. separation of patients from evil influences outside their homes d. kind treatment of patients 7. After an interview, a psychiatrist rates Jims depression as severe. The next day a clinical psychologist also conducts an interview and rates Jims depression as severe. The two clinicians are demonstrating a. interrater validity b. test-retest reliability c. interrater agreement d. predictive validity 8. Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive a. panic reactions b. compulsions c. worry d. phobic discharge 9. Steven cant leave home without checking the doors and windows repeatedly to see that they are locked. When he finds that everything is locked, a sense of relief comes over him. Which of the following learning principles is likely to be maintaining his compulsive checking behavior? a. self-reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. positive reinforcement 10. Which of the following is not one of the four groups of specific phobias? a. agoraphobia b. natural environment phobia c. blood/injection/injury phobia d. animal phobia 11. Fear of being in public places or situations from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if a panic attack occurs is termed a. panic disorder b. social phobia c. generalized anxiety disorder d. agoraphobia

12. For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her childrens health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing a. panic disorder b. agoraphobia c. generalized anxiety disorder d. social phobia 13. Under a managed care system, primary care physicians: a. can coordinate services offered by other providers such as drug treatment. b. have the right to refuse service to specific patients regardless of their insurance status. c. leave it to the families of people with psychological problems to find appropriate care. d. do not have the option of referring their patients to outside consultants. 14. Lisa is constantly saying, "I have no control over how I feel, and cannot I cannot change theses feelings." This is an example of _____. a. causal attributions b. dysfunctional global assumptions c. systematic desensitization d. cognitive-behavioral therapy 15. It is important to consider a persons age and developmental stage when evaluating behavior because a. children have more serious disorders than adults do b. adults may not report all their symptoms c. developmental maturity affects what disorders occur and what symptoms are present d. disorders not treated during childhood will always persist throughout life 16. Dimensional classification is an alternative to categorical systems such as the DSM. One advantage of a dimensional system is a. better description of patients whose problems do not fit into a single category b. better use of common language to classify patients c. simpler, clearer diagnostic labels for all conditions d. exclusion of all patients comorbidity issues

! Case Studies 1. Ted is a 19-year-old college student who reports that he is terrified at the prospect of speaking in class. His anxiety about this matter is so intense that he has enrolled in very large lecture classes, where he sits in the back of the room, slouching in his chair to make himself as invisible as possible. On occasion, one of his professors randomly calls on students to answer certain questions. When this occurs, Ted begins to sweat and tremble. Sometimes he rushes form the classroom and frantically runs back to the dorm for a few hours and tries to calm himself down. 2. Lydia is a 43-year-old woman whose local surgeon referred her to the mental health clinic. For the past 8 years, Lydia has visited plastic surgeons across the country to find one who will perform surgery to reduce the size of her hands, which she perceives as too fat. Until she has this surgery, she will not leave her house without wearing gloves. The plastic surgeon concurs with Lydias family members and friends that Lydias perception of her hands is distorted and that plastic surgery would be inappropriate and irresponsible. 3. Brendan is a 29-year-old paralegal clerk who was psychologically healthy until two weeks ago when he survived a wildfire that destroyed his apartment and many buildings in his neighborhood. Since the fire Brendan has been tormented by graphic images of waking to see his room filled with smoke. Although he was treated and released within several hours from the emergency room, he described himself as feeling in a daze, emotionally unresponsive to the concerns of his friends and family, and seemingly numb. He continued to experience these symptoms for three weeks, after which they gradually subsided. 4. Mark is a 16-year-old high-school student referred for treatment by his teacher, who become disturbed by Marks irrational concern about the danger posed by an electrical outlet at the front of the classroom. Mark pleaded daily with the teacher to have the outlet disconnected to prevent someone from accidentally getting electrocuted while walking by it. The teacher told Mark that his concerns were unfounded, but he remained so distressed that he felt driven, when entering and leaving the classroom, to shine a flashlight into the outlet to make sure that a loose wire was not exposed. During class time, he could think of nothing else but the outlet.

! Answers: 1. b. (chapter 1) 2. a. (chapter 2) 3. c. (chapter 3) 4. a. (chapter 3) 5. d. (chapter 3) 6. d. (chapter 1) 7. c. (chapter 3) 8. c. (chapter 5) 9. b. (chapter 5) 10. a. (chapter 5) 11. d. (chapter 5) 12. c. (Chapter 5) 13. a. (Chapter 1) 14. d (Chapter 2) 15. c. 16. a. (Chapter 3) Case Studies Answers 1. Social Anxiety Disorder 2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder 3. Acute Stress Disorder 4. OCD