Master in Petroleum Engineering 2010-2011

Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Author: Giuseppe Sabetta
www.eni.it

San Donato Milanese 19-20 October 2011

Master in Petroleum Engineering 2010-2011 Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Author Ing. Giuseppe Sabetta Company Tutors

Stage Subject

Dott. Roberto Rossi

Ing. Stefano Giliberti University Tutor

Division Dept.

Exploration & Production

RESM

Prof. Ing. Francesca Verga

San Donato Milanese 19-20 October 2011

List of Content Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Project Scope Background Workflow Applications

Stage Subject

Conclusions

Project Scope

Network models are used in the oil industry to optimize production

Calibration of models based on current production/pressure data is a fundamental step Develop a tool to facilitate and automate the calibration process according to eni workflow

List of Content Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Project Scope Background Workflow Applications

Stage Subject

Conclusions

Background
Petroleum Experts GAP (General Allocation Package) is a multiphase flow simulator that is able to model and optimize production and injection networks. The concept of network is here intended as general, therefore both surface and downhole

The fluid phase behavior can be modeled using black oil formulation or Equation of State compositional modelling GAP allows to model both surface and downhole network elements: wells, tubing, compressors, pumps

Background
Injection Wells

Production Wells Separator

Joints

Pipelines
7

Background
Conventional approach for pressure losses: use of empirical correlations (22 correlations available in GAP) Sum of three terms: Gravity Friction Acceleration
75.0
Bubbly Intermittent Annular Stratified Smooth Stratified Wavy

(ft/s)

10.0 1.00 0.10 0.01

AG AL
100.0 900.0

UsL

0.1 1.0

10.0
UsG (ft/s)

Background
GAP has limitations in calibration phase
Automatic calibration of one pipeline at a time Multiple simulations are difficult to be managed

Simulated pressures are not returned in calibration output

List of Content Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Project Scope Background Workflow Applications

Stage Subject

Conclusions

10

Workflow
Measured values of pressure

Calibration Parameters

?
Given fluid rates
11

Workflow
Changed manually line by line to match available data

Calibration Variables

12

Workflow
C programs
OS

OS

OS

OS

VB programs

Open server is the software package of PE that allows external programs to access the suite of IPM (Integrated Production Modelling) and transfer data All programs that act as automation clients (VBA macros, VB programs, C++ programs) can call the public functions of OS
13

Workflow
Define an index of overall goodness of simulated pressures. This index is the Overall Target Function (OTF):

OTF is the function to minimize Define an index of distance from default values of calibration parameters:

14

Workflow
PIPELINE
Riser Linea1_1 Linea1_2 Linea1_3 Linea2_1 Linea2_2 Linea2_3

CORRELATION
PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5

FRICTION COEFFICIENT
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

GRAVITY COEFFICIENT
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LINE TO CALIBRATE
YES

Get Parameters

YES YES

YES YES

Step 1: Parameters Determination

1. Read current situation from GAP: pipeline labels correlations friction and gravity coefficients

2. Decide which pipelines must be calibrated

15

Workflow
PIPELINE CORRELATION FRICTION COEFFICIENT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 GRAVITY COEFFICIENT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Import Status from Output Set Parameters

Riser Linea1_1 Linea1_2 Linea1_3 Linea2_1 Linea2_2 Linea2_3

PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5 PetroleumExperts5

Step 2: Parameters Setting

1. Import line to be calibrated from the previous step 2. Set correlation, friction and gravity coefficient for each pipeline 3. Set the solver (with/without optimization)

16

Workflow
CALCULATE GAP COMMAND STRING COMMENT

Extract Values
GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_1}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_3}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_7}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_8}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_10}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{11}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{12}]. SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].PIPE[{Collettore}]. SolverResults[0].Qliq WH_1 WH_2 WH_3 WH_7 WH_8 WH_10 Manifold Monte collettore Liquido totale collettore

NODAL OVERALL ERROR MEASURED SIMULATED MEDIUM TARGET TARGET ERROR STANDARD VALUE VALUE ERROR FUNCTION FUNCTION DEVIATION

YES YES YES

64 61 60 67 63 66 59 46

6.40E+01 6.09E+01 6.02E+01 6.70E+01 6.30E+01 6.59E+01 5.80E+01 4.51E+01

5.67E-04 1.63E-02 4.00E-02 2.39E-04 9.74E-06 4.50E-03 9.04E-01

9.66E-01

2.38E-02 1.73E-01 1.28E-01 2.00E-02 1.54E-02 3.12E-03 6.71E-02 9.51E-01

4.81E-01

YES
YES YES YES

3322

3.40E+03

Step 3: Read GAP results

1. Read desired values from GAP simulation 2. Calculate TARGET Function and pressure errors
17

Workflow
Step 4: Test correlations
1. Solve network for all selected correlations (only physically compatible with the problem) 2. Read values from GAP simulations & calculate OTF 3. Indicate the best overall correlation matching measured pressures
SIMULATED VALUE MEASURED VALUE Beggsand BrillGas Head Mukerjee Brill Dukler Eaton Flannigan Petroleum Experts2 Petroleum Experts3 Petroleum Experts4
50.97 54.50 54.73 52.80 52.48 52.64 45.52 48.06

GAP COMMAND STRING

COMMENT

Test Correlations
GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-1}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-2}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-3}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-4}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-5}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-7}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{WH_2-9}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{IFM4}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{IFM3}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{IFM2}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{IFM1}].SolverResults[0].Pres GAP.MOD[{PROD}].JOINT[{FGS-1}].SolverResults[0].Pres WH_2-1 WH_2-2 WH_2-3 WH_2-4 WH_2-5 WH_2-7 WH_2-9 IFM4 IFM3 IFM2 IFM1 FGS-1

54 56.5 56 55 55 51 47 50 54 46 51 45

48.78 50.74 52.78 51.54 51.36 54.92 45.41 45.43

50.34 53.23 54.27 52.84 52.64 53.68 46.22 47.51

54.33 57.62 59.33 57.41 57.04 58.84 48.56 50.28

57.25 60.84 63.69 61.60 61.18 63.43 51.15 52.81

43.34 44.72 45.57 44.90 44.66 46.62 41.12 41.41

46.18 47.53 48.57 47.53 47.51 49.63 43.46 43.42

46.42 47.88 49.95 48.86 48.82 51.43 43.70 43.51

49.04 51.69 52.07 50.74 50.44 52.08 44.68 46.39

51.12
45.38 46.18 43.41 292.13

52.45
46.08 47.13 44.05 178.46

56.79
48.32 50.28 45.85 143.22

60.94
50.89 53.02 47.96 507.20

44.51
41.14 41.54 39.97 1378.56

47.27
43.49 44.30 42.05 712.57

48.56
43.71 44.45 42.07 601.00

52.35
45.38 49.38 43.49 102.21

50.30
44.55 45.82 42.74 330.41

18

Petroleum Experts5

Beggsand Brill

Dukler Flannigan

Workflow
Step 5: Optimization settings
1. Set the maximum and minimum values of friction and gravity allowed for each pipe to be calibrated 2. Decide whether to launch an experimental design or Matlab optimizer
MINIMUM MAXIMUM FRICTION MINIMUM MAXIMUM GRAVITY FRICTION FRICTION POINTS GRAVITY GRAVITY POINTS
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PIPELINE
SFN1-5 SFN2-5 SFN3-5 SFN7-5 SFN8-5 SFN10-5 IFM-FGS Collettore

Import Lines
Order Runs

Data Risk

19

Workflow
Step 6: Launch Matlab Optimizator
1. Excel produces txt files that Matlab uses as INPUT 2. Excel runs Matlab 3. Matlab executes optimization program (based on Nelder-Mead simplex direct search) that controls GAP 4. Matlab produces txt files as OUTPUT 5. Excel reads results

txt files

OS

OS

OS

OS

txt files

20

List of Content Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Project Scope Background Workflow Applications

Stage Subject

Conclusions

21

Applications

Case 1 Case 2

Case 3

22

Applications: Case 1

Riser Base 1 Riser Base 2

Production Network

Water Injection Network

Gas Injection Network

23

Applications: Case 1
OLGA is a transient tool for flow assurance study
Pressure data are available from OLGA simulation GAP/OLGA mismatch in pressure forecast

Calibration Point: March 8th 2021 Check Points: May 19th 2024 May 14th 2026 July 1st 2030

24

Applications: Case 1

Only one calibration time step, but different fluid conditions

25

Applications: Case 1

Best Overall Target Function at default values

26

Applications: Case 1

Optimized parameters defined to match pressure on March the 8th 2021 Optimized parameters give a good solution over time despite changed conditions

27

Applications: Case 1

Check the matching of oil, gas and water production rate with the previous forecast scenario

28

Applications: Case 2

29

Applications: Case 2

Only friction

Friction & gravity

30

Applications: Case 2

0.5 Effect of the boundary

31

Applications: Case 2

67

66

64 63

61 60 59

32

Applications: Case 2

67

66

64 63

61

60

59

33

Applications: Case 2

M&B gives the best optimization result but the worst indicator
Iterations increase with the number of parameters without significant improvements in OTF A good initial OTF is not a sufficient condition for convergence (see PE4)
34

Applications: Case 3

35

Applications: Case 3

Only friction

Friction & gravity

36

Applications: Case 3

58 57 56.5 56 55 54

51 50 49

47

45

37

Applications: Case 3

58 57 56.5 56 55 54

51 50 49

47

45

38

Applications: Case 3
Increased number of iterations

Best OTF

39

Applications: Case 3
Joint Joint 1 Joint 2 Joint 3 Joint 4 Joint 5 Measured Previous B&B DEF O2P O3P PE3 PE4 Value Calibration Optimized Optimized Optimized Optimized Optimized Optimized 54 56.5 56 55 55 -0.86 -1.35 0.28 -0.58 -0.47 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.08 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.09 -0.08 -0.04 -0.05 0.03 -0.04 -0.47 -0.30 -0.17 -0.14 -0.18 -0.33 0.15 -0.04 -0.04 -0.22 -0.24 0.01 0.04 0.40 -0.19 -0.48 B&B (36p) Optimized 0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.34 0.08

Joint 6
Joint 7 Joint 8 Joint 9 Joint 10 Joint 11 Joint 12 Joint 13 Joint 14 Joint 15 Joint 16

51
49 47 47 57 58 50 54 46 51 45

1.54
-0.04 -0.36 0.08 -2.86 -2.18 -1.17 -0.62 0.23 -1.62 -0.24

0.35
0.00 -0.60 -0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.31 -0.04 -0.02

1.13
-0.01 -0.46 0.33 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.10 0.00 -0.73

0.00
0.01 -0.54 0.31 -0.47 0.06 0.06 0.45 0.18 0.37 -0.08

0.07
-0.02 -0.07 1.36 -0.21 -0.22 -0.41 0.47 0.56 0.58 0.00

0.13
0.59 -0.82 -0.13 -1.60 -0.06 0.38 0.54 0.08 1.54 -0.18

0.02
0.00 -0.68 0.83 -0.53 0.00 -0.09 0.29 0.19 0.54 -0.33

0.23
0.00 -0.36 -0.04 0.00 -0.01 -0.04 0.26 0.21 0.01 0.00

40

List of Content Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM): Advanced Techniques Network Modelling and Calibrations
Project Scope Background Workflow Applications

Stage Subject

Conclusions

41

Conclusions
Developed tool is useful and effective in network calibration Optimization algorithm gives good results but has some limitations when different variables with the same effect on pressure are used together Best fitting if selected correlation at default values underestimates pressure on all joints Further improvements: Automatic saving and summarizing of the manual calibration attempts

Automatic testing of the optimized parameters for different time steps

Test other optimization algorithms

42

Acknowledgements

I would thank eni E&P Division Management for

permission to present this work and related results and RESM colleagues for the technical support and needed assistance.

San Donato Milanese

19-20 October 2011

43