SECRETARIAT

ESCOLA DE FORMACI PROFESSIONAL

ACADMIA

NRIA

Centre concertat pel Departament dEducaci de la Generalitat de Catalunya

CFGS SECRETARIAT
ENGLISH

Professora: M Jess Gutirrez

C/ Apelles Mestres 52-58 08850 Gav

Tlf. 93 662 21 13 Fax. 93 662 25 92
www.escolesnuria.com
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SECRETARIAT

VERB TENSES
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Present Simple
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Tom ______________ (catch) the bus to school at about 9 oclock

It often _____________ (rain) at this time of the year
You _______________ (not/do) your homework carefully enough
My father _____________ (fly) to the USA regularly
Where _____________ (you/park) your car every day?
__________________ (Anna/take) the bus to work?
I ________________ (not/play) any sports.
She _______________ (not/drink) ten cups of coffee every day

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous form

a. What __________________ (John and Michael/do)? They ___________
(play) a game of cards.
b. Wheres Harry? He _______________ (make) a cup of coffee in the kitchen
c. Is Michael at home? No, he _________________ (post) some letters at the
post office
d. _____________________ (the weather/get) better? No, its very cold
outside
e. Wheres your car? Its at home. It _______________ (not/work) at the
moment
f. ___________________ (you/leave)? Yes, I have to go home now
g. ___________________ (it/rain) at the moment? No, its quite sunny now
3. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or the Present Continuous
a. I _______________ (leave) home at 7 oclock every morning
b. She usually _____________ (work) in the Sales Department in London, but at
the moment she ________________ (do) a training course in Bristol
c. Linda ____________ (wash) her hair every day
d. __________________ (you/listen) to the radio very often?
e. Dont talk to me now. I ______________ (write) an important letter
f. Why _________________ (they/drive) on the left in Britain?
g. It _______________ (not/get) dark at this time of year until about 10
oclock
h. It usually ________________ (rain) here a lot, but it ______________
(not/rain) now
i. What are you doing? I _______________ (bake) a cake. Why
_________________ (you/smile)? ___________________ (I/do) something
wrong?

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4. Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form and the words in brackets
()
a. We ______________ (go) on holiday to Scotland last year
b. I ______________ (take) a taxi from the airport to the city centre
c. _______________ (be/your meal) good? No, it __________ (not/be). I
_______________ (not/like) the vegetables.
d. The man in the shop ____________ (say) something to the woman, but she
_______________ (not/hear) him
e. I _____________ (ring) the doorbell and a woman _____________ (open)
the door
f. _______________(you/understand) the film? No. I ______________ (try)
to understand it, but the actors _____________ (speak) very quickly
g. He _____________ (not/go) to school last Tuesday. He ___________ (be) ill
h. _________________ (you/buy) some clothes at the market? Yes, I
_____________ (buy) a pair of trousers and a shirt
i. _________________(you/enjoy) the festival? Yes, it ____________
(not/rain) and the music ______________ (be) very good
5. Complete these texts using the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of the
verbs in brackets
a. Beethoven _____________ (write) nine symphonies; he ___________ (write)
another symphony when he died
b. Last Saturday Tom wanted to make two salads. He ____________ (make) the
first one in five minutes. He _____________ (make) the second one when his
guests _____________ (arrive), and they ______________ (help) him to finish
it
c. The artist Gaudi ______________ (design) several houses in Barcelona,
Spain. Later he _______________ (start) work on a church. He ____________
(work) on the church when he _____________ (die)
d. Last month a bank robber ______________ (escape) while the police
_____________(take) him to prison. Later they ____________ (catch) him
again, and this time they _______________ (lock) him up without any problem.
e. Philips football team were lucky last Saturday. After 20 minutes they
______________(lose), but in the end they _____________ (win) the game by
4 goals to 2
f. John Lennon ______________ (sing) and _____________ (play) on many
records with the Beatles. After that he _______________ (record) several
songs without the Beatles. He ____________ (prepare) a new record when Mark
Chapman ______________ (shoot) him
g. The evening was getting darker; the street lights ____________ (come) on.
People _______________ (hurry) home after work. I ____________ (stand) in
a queue at the bus stop. Suddenly somebody _____________ (grab) my bag

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6. Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect form of the verbs in
brackets
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Dont take my plate away. I __________________ (not/finish) my meal

Whats that book about? I dont know. I ________________ (not/read) it
I ________________ (lose) my pen. Can I borrow yours?
My father ______________ (buy) an expensive, new car.
I _________________ (book) a room here for tonight
I _________________ (make) some sandwiches. Would you like one?

7. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or the Present Perfect of the
verbs in brackets
a. There ____________ (be) a lot of accidents last year, and there
____________ (be) a lot this year
b. I _____________ (not/see) Jane today, but I ____________ (see) her
yesterday
c. The factory ______________ (make) more than 1,000 motorbikes this year;
it _________________ (not/make) so many last year.
d. Joe _____________ (not/work) hard last month, but he _____________
(work) hard this month
e. I ___________ (see) Jack last night. Oh really, I ____________ (not/see)
him for months. How is he?
f. We ______________ (go) to the theatre last Saturday. _______________
(you/enjoy) the play? Yes, it ____________ (be) very good
g. What _______________ (you/do) last weekend? I _____________ (stay) at
home. I __________________ (need) a rest
8. Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect forms of the verbs in brackets
a. I didnt watch the film because I _____________ (see) it before
b. We couldnt eat at the restaurant because we ________________ (not/book)
a table
c. I couldnt buy it because I ______________ (spend) all my money
d. I was tired because I _____________ (get up) very early this morning
e. He didnt know the answer because he _______________ (not/do) his
homework
f. She was very happy because she _____________ (win) a prize
9. In each case you have two events in the order they took place. Write the
information in one sentence using the words in brackets
A The driver started the car. B Lady James appeared
(When Lady James / appear /, the driver / start / the car)
a)___________________________________________________________

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A We put the fire out. B the firemen arrived
(When the firemen / arrive /, we / put / the fire out)
b)___________________________________________________________
A Jim finished the work. B the manager came back
(When the manager / come back /, Jim / finish / the work)
c)___________________________________________________________
A I went to bed. B Philip telephoned
(When Philip / telephone /, I / go / to bed)
d)___________________________________________________________
A Alice and Jack had lunch. B their children came home
(When their children / come home /, Alice and Jack / have lunch)
e)___________________________________________________________
A The thieves spent the money. B the police caught them
(the thieves / spend / the money, / when the police / catch /them)
f)___________________________________________________________
10. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets and WILL or a form of BE
GOING TO
a. Its quite hot in here, isnt it? Yes, youre right. I _______________ (open) a
window
b. Are you going to watch TV tonight? Yes, I_________________ (watch) my
favourite programme at 9 oclock
c. What _____________________ (you/eat) tonight? What food have you
bought? I havent bought any food.! Well, Why dont you come to my house? I
______________ (cook) us something nice to eat
d. Im going into the centre of town tomorrow. I _______________ (buy) some
new
clothes.

What
_______________
(you/get)?

I
____________________ (look) for a T-shirt and some jeans. Id like to go into
the centre too. I ________________ (come) with you.
e. I __________________ (phone) Tom at 6 oclock. I promised to phone him
this evening
f. Are you going to have a holiday in the summer? Yes, We _______________
(travel) around Europe with a friend
1. PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS
a. Look outside! Its snowing / it snows.
b. Its snowing / it snows quite often in Britain during the winter.
c. Im going / I go to bed. Good night!
d. Normally, Im going / I go to bed around 11:30 every night.
e. Wheres Simon? Hes cooking / he cooks the dinner.
f. There is something wrong with Peters car at the moment so hes going / he
goes to work by bus this week.
g. The river Thames is flowing / flows through London.

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2. PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS
a. Excuse me, ________________ (you / speak) English?
b. Wheres Tom? _________________ (he / have) a shower.
c. ____________________ (I /not / watch) TV very often.
d. Listen! Somebody _______________ (sing)
e. Sandra is tired. She _______________ (want) to go home now.
f. How often ________________ (you / read) a newspaper?
g. Im sorry but I _______________ (not / understand). Can you speak more
slowly?
h. Its late. I _______________ (go) home now.
i. What time ____________________ (your father / finish) work in the
evenings?
j. Excuse me but you ______________ (sit) in my place! Oh, Im sorry.
k. You can turn off the radio. I ______________ (not / listen) to it.
l. Wheres Paul? In the kitchen. He _______________ (cook) something.
m. Martin _________________ (not
/ usually / drive) to work. He
______________(usually / walk)
n. Sue _________________ (not / like) coffee. She _______________
(prefer) tea.
3. PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS
a. When she ________________ (come) into the room I ______________
(listen) to the radio.
b. When my car _______________ (break down) I _______________ (phone)
a garage.
c. We ________________ (go) down in the lift when suddenly it
_______________ (stop).
d. ____________________ (they / have) dinner when you ____________
(call) to see them?
e. When the doorbell _____________ (ring), I _______________ (get up) and
_____________ (answer) it.
f. When I ______________ (open) the door, a friend ____________(stand)
there.
g. When I _____________(arrive) back at the car park, my car wasnt there
Oh,
no!!
What
_____________________
(you
/do)?
I
_____________(report) it to the police.

4. PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS

a. It ____________ (be) around eight oclock last night and it _____________
(begin) to get dark. Sue _______________ (wait) at a bus stop outside the
station when a stranger ________________ (walk) up to her.

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b. We _________________ (be) in the park at the time the children
_______________ (play) football and we _______________ (sunbathe) when it
suddenly _______________ (start) to pour with rain.
c. As I _______________ (leave) the airport this morning, the taxi I
_______________ (travel) in was involved in an accident. We ______________
(stop) suddenly at a traffic light and a lorry _________________ (crash) into us
from behind.
5. PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
a. Alice lives in Manchester now. She ______________ (live) there for 6
months.
b. Alice ______________ (live) in Newcastle until 1980.
c. You look different. _________________ (you / have) a haircut?
d. I _________________ (have) a haircut at the new hairdressers in North
Street last week.
e. John had a sports car once. How long ________________ (he / have) it?
f. Maria has got a new motorbike. How long _______________ (she / have) it?
g. Look outside! It __________________ (stop) raining.
h. It ______________ (stop) raining a few moments ago.
6. PAST SIMPLE / PAST PERFECT
Join the sentences using WHEN
a. I (feel) better / I (take) the medicine.
b. I (go) to bed / Gloria (phone) me last night.
c. He (leave) the restaurant / he (finish) his meal.
d. I (start) to repair the car / I (change) my clothes.
e. We (start) to play tennis / it (stop) raining.
f. The train (leave) / I (arrive) at the station.
g. The thieves (escape) / the police (arrive) at the bank.
h. The lesson (start) / I (get) to the classroom.

7. PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS (FUTURE)

a. We _______________ (go) to the cinema this evening. The film
____________ (start) at 8.00 and ______________ (finish) around 10.00.

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b. What time__________________________ (the next train to Brighton /
leave)?
c. I____________________(meet) Caroline tomorrow evening.
d. According to the travel agent, the plane _______________(leave) London at
3.30 and ________________ (arrive) in Geneva at 4.45.
e. ______________________ (you / go) to the football match tomorrow
evening?
f. John ________________ (fly) to Barcelona next Sunday afternoon.
g. ______________________ (the concert / begin) at 8.30 or 9.30 tonight?
h. ______________________ (Robert / get) married next month?
i. Sue __________________ (come) tomorrow. Her train ______________
(arrive) at 10 oclock in the morning.
8. FUTURE: WILL OR GOING TO?
a. Would you like fruit juice or mineral water?
I ________________ (have) an orange juice, please.
b. What are Mikes plans for the summer?
Well, first he _____________ (stay) with a friend in Italy, and then he
_____________ (go) to France.
c. What _________________ (you / do) if she doesnt phone?
I ____________ (write) to her. I havent got her phone number.
d. How much is that sweater?
24$
Fine, I _____________ (take) it.
e. What __________________ (you / do) tonight?
Well if I finish work early, I _____________ (go) to the cinema.
f. Have you decided what to do on Saturday night? Yes, Ive got tickets for the
theatre and after that we ______________ (have) dinner at that new Italian
restaurant.
g. Ive had a terrible day today!
Sit down, I ______________ (make) a cup of tea.
h. Who do you think ________________ (win) the world cup?
I dont know, but England _____________ (not / win). I think Brazil
____________ (win) it again.
i. Please remember to turn off the lights before you leave!
Dont worry, I promise I ______________ (not / forget) it.
j. Which train __________________ (you / catch)?
The 5.30 train. If it arrives on time, I ______________ (be) home at 7.00.

SECRETARIAT
ADJECTIVES

1. Order these words to make correct sentences

a. Rich / is / she / person / a
b. Awful / this / tastes / coffee
c. Sounds / music / nice / that
d. Is / crazy / in / man / there / a / building / main / the
e. Happy / be / we / to / are / very / here
f. Books / are / those / interesting

2. Write sentences using the comparative of the adjective in brackets

E.g. London / Madrid (big)
London is bigger than Paris
a. The pyramids / the Eiffel Tower (old)
b. Chinese / English (difficult)
c. Woody Allen / Marlon Brando (thin)
d. Leonardo DiCaprio / Sean Connery (young)
e. Reading books / playing with video games (interesting)
f. A months holiday / a weeks holiday (good)
g. Findland / Spain (cold)

3. Complete the sentences with the superlative of the adjective in brackets

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

The Twin Towers were ___________________ (high) buildings in New York.

The Nile is __________________ (long) river in Africa.
In your opinion, who is ________________ (good) singer in the world?
Reading a good book is __________________ (relaxing) way to pass the time.
Who has __________________ (big) fortune in the world?
This is one of _____________________ (economical) cars Ive ever driven.

SECRETARIAT
g. This is _____________________ (bad) cold Ive ever had.
h. It was _____________________ (beautiful) dress Ive ever owned.
4. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences:
a. Jane is ______ taller than Jennifer.
Very
much
many
b. My friend Peter is as old ______ me.
Than
like
as
c. She likes the same things _____ I do.
Than
like
as
d. Our house is __________ from the station than yours.
Farthest
more far
farther
e. Your shirt isnt ________ clean as mine.
As
like
than
f. Frank is the most intelligent boy _______ the class.
Of
into
in
g. Traditional food is better ____________ fast food.
Than
that
then
h. Italian is the ____________ language Ive ever learnt.
Easyest
easiest
most easy

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING / -ED

5. Complete the sentences for each situation. Use the word given + the ending
ing or ed:
a. The film wasnt as good as we had expected (disappoint-)
The film was _______________
We were _________________
b. Diana teaches young children. Its very hard but she enjoys it (exhaust-)
She enjoys her job but its often ______________
At the end of a days work, she is often ______________
c. Its been raining all day. I hate this weather (depress-)
This weather is _________________
The weather makes me ______________
Its silly to get _______________ because of the weather
d. Clare is going to the United States next month. She has never been there
before (excit-)
It will be an ____________ experience for her
Going to new places is always ________________
She is really ______________ about going to the United States

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SECRETARIAT
6. Choose the correct word
a. I was disappointing / disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be
better.
b. Are you interested / interesting in football?
c. The football match was quite exciting / excited. I enjoyed it.
d. Its sometimes embarrassing / embarrassed when you have to ask people for
money.
e. Do you easily get embarrassing / embarrassed?
f. I had never expected to get the job. I was really amazing / amazed when I
was offered it.
g. She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing / astonished
progress.
h. I didnt find the situation funny. I was not amusing / amused.
i. It was a really terrifying / terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was
very shocking / shocked.
j. Why do you always look so boring / bored? Is your life really so boring /
bored?
k. Hes one of the most boring / bored people Ive ever met. He never stops
talking and he never says anything interesting.
7. Complete the sentences using one of the words in the box:
Amusing / amused
Annoying / annoyed
Boring / bored

confusing / confused
disgusting / disgusted
exciting / excited

exhausting / exhausted
interesting / interested
surprising / surprised

a. He works very hard. Its not _____________ that hes always tired.
b. Ive got nothing to do. Im ______________.
c. The teachers explanation was __________________. Most of the students
didnt understand it.
d. The kitchen hadnt been cleaned for ages. It was really _______________.
e. I seldom visit art galleries. Im not particularly _______________ in art.
f. Theres no need to get ______________ just because Im a few minutes late.
g. The lecture was ________________. I fell asleep.
h. I asked Emily if she wanted to come out with us but she wasnt
__________________.
i. Ive been working very hard all day and now Im __________________.
j. Im starting a new job next week. Im quite _____________ about it.
k. Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very ____________.
l. Liz is a very ________________ person. She knows a lot, shes travelled a lot
and shes done lots of different things.

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SECRETARIAT

ADJECTIVES AFTER VERBS AND WORD ORDE

8. Rewrite the following sentences by putting the adjectives in brackets in the
correct position. E.g. The dogs playing with a ball (plastic / red / small)
The dogs playing with a small red plastic ball
a. When we went to Italy, we bought a vase (traditional / glass / Murano)
b. Robbie Williams is a singer (British / pop / famous)
c. Theyve bought some armchairs (oak / beautiful / old)
d. Have you seen my T-shirt? (cotton / red / striped)
e. We are looking for a table (kitchen / round / small)

9. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position

a. A beautiful table (wooden / round)
b. An unusal ring (gold)
c. A new pullover (nice)
d. A new pullover (green)
e. An old house (beautiful)
f. Black gloves (leather)
g. An American film (old)
h. A long face (thin)
i.

Big clouds (black)

j. A sunny day (lovely)

k. A wide avenue (long)
l.

A metal box (black / small)

m. A big cat (fat / black)

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n. A little village (old / lovely)
o. Long hair (black / beautiful)
p. An old painting (interesting / French)
q. An enormous umbrella (red / yellow)

10. Write the following in another way using the first.... / the next... / the last ....
E.g. The first day and the second day of the course.
The first two days of the course
a. Next week and the week after
b. Yesterday and the day before yesterday
c. The first week and the second week of September
d. Tomorrow and a few days after that
e. Questions 1,2, and 3 of the examination
f. Next year and the year after
g. The last day of our holiday and the two days before that

11. Complete each sentence with a verb (in the correct form) and an adjective
from the boxes:
Feel
seem
Smell
taste

look Awful
interesting
sound Nice

fine
upset

wet

a. Ann seemed upset this morning. Do you know what was wrong?
b. I cant eat this. Ive just tried it and it ___________________.
c. I wasnt very well yesterday but I ___________________ today.
d. What beautiful flowers! They ___________________ too.
e. You __________________. Have you been out in the rain?
f. Jim was telling me about his new job. It __________________ quite
______________, but much better than his old job.

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SECRETARIAT
12. Choose the correct word
a. This tea tastes a bit ____________ (strange / strangely)
b. I always feel _____________ when the sun is shining (happy / happily)
c. The man became _____________ when the manager of the restaurant asked
him to leave (violent / violently)
d. You look _______________! Are you all right? (terrible / terribly)
e. Theres no point in doing a job if you dont do it _____________ (proper /
properly)

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SECRETARIAT
PREPOSITIONS

ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
Many adjectives are followed by particular prepositions. For example we say
bored with and interested in. Complete the following sentences putting the
relevant preposition in the gaps after the adjective.
a.
Your video camera is very similar __________ mine.
b.
France is famous ___________ its wine and food.
c.
They are extremely proud ___________ their children.
d.
Im starting to get worried ____________ my exams.
e.
It was very kind ____________ you to help us.
f.
They are always a bit short ___________ money towards the end of the
month.
g.
I didnt know he was married ___________ an Australian.
h.
Im afraid his brothers are rather envious ___________ his success.
i.
Im not very good ___________ remembering peoples names.
j.
Are you responsible ______________ this mess?
k.
I wasnt really surprised ____________ the news.
l.
Why are you looking so pleased ____________ yourself?
m.
He was angry __________ me ____________ not telling him about it
before.
n.
The streets were very crowded _____________ Christmas shoppers.
o.
The film was very different ______________ what I expected.
NOUNS + PREPOSITIONS
The same as the exercise above, but this time with nouns:
a.
Heres a photograph ___________ the hotel where we stayed.
b.
I was surprised to get an invitation ____________ his party.
c.
Theres no need ____________ you to shout.
d.
The main advantage ____________ being a student is that you have long
holidays.
e.
Whats the difference _____________ Rugby League and Rugby Union?
f.
What exactly are your reasons ____________ saying that?
g.
Nobody really knows what was the cause _____________ the accident.
h.
There has been a sharp rise _____________ the cost of living.
i.
Money isnt always the solution ____________ the problem.
j.
Hes got a very negative attitude ____________ his job.
VERBS + PREPOSITIONS
a.
b.

Who does this umbrella belong ____________?

Have you paid ___________ the drinks yet?

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SECRETARIAT
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.

Have you ever heard ___________ a band called The Dream?

You can always rely __________ me if you are in a trouble.
He apologised _________ me ___________ his behaviour.
I think he suffers ____________ asthma.
Have you heard ____________ your sister recently?
Are you going to apply ___________ that job?
I often dream __________ winning the pools.
I dont believe ______________ telling the truth all the time.
What did you think __________ the film on TV last night?
We complained ____________ our neighbours _____________ the noise.
You look sad. What are you thinking ______________?
He got furious and started shouting _____________ me.
My plans for the summer depend ______________ my exam results.

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SECRETARIAT
RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Fill in the blanks with who or which.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

She watched a film ___________ described the poverty in India.

Anyone __________ thinks Im wrong should tell me.
That beautiful woman is the actress ___________ performed in the play.
This is the restaurant _________ I told you about.
A carpenter is someone _____________ makes things out of wood.
This is the shop ___________ is so expensive.
There is the lawyer ____________ became a famous author.
The house ____________ was destroyed in the fire was over 300 years old.

2. Combine the following sentences using the relative pronoun who, which or that.
Make any other necessary changes.
E.g. We walked along a beach. It was covered with seashells.
We walked along a beach which / that was covered with seashells
a. The coffee mug is on the kitchen table. It has a crack in it.
b. Oliver bought a new TV. It is bigger than his old TV.
c. Moira lost the keys. She thought they were in her bag.
d. I know the man. He travelled from London to Barcelona by bicycle.
e. The palace is in the centre of town. It is 500 years old.
f. Vera has a coin collection. It contains coins from all over the world.
g. I met a Nepalese tourist. He lives in Kathmandu.

3. Fill in the blanks with who, which, that, whose or where. There may be more
than one correct answer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

This is the station _____________ you catch the train to Dublin.

Where is the boy ____________ dog bit me?
She lives on the street _____________ the new playground is being built.
The chair _____________ I bought yesterday was expensive.
Ill never forget the day ____________ I left school.
Isnt that the man ______________ house is built on an ancient cemetery?
That is a cigar ___________ comes from Cuba.
I have a friend ___________ speaks Turkish fluently.

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SECRETARIAT
i. The poster ____________ won the first place in the art contest was very
original.
j. Where is your friend___________ knows how to play the drums?
4. Combine the sentences below using an appropriate relative pronoun. Make any
other necessary changes.
E.g. The woman is sitting on the sofa. She is my mother.

The woman who is sitting on the sofa is my mother

a. I wrote an article. It was printed in the newspaper.
b. This is the park. Ive been to it many times.
c. I saw an old friend last week. I went to school with her.
d. I have a photograph of the mountain. We climbed it in 12 hours.
e. The book is about a woman. She lives alone in a log cabin in the woods.
f. I bought a pair of boots. They are leather.
g. We visited the museum. It has a new exhibition of dinosaurs.

5. Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun. There may be more than one
correct answer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

The boy about ______________ you wrote in your letters has arrived.
This is the compact disc _____________ I have been waiting for.
The woman to ____________ I spoke last week was very cheerful.
The company ____________ she works for is close to her house.
The house _____________ he lives is next to the river.
The party for ____________ she is getting dressed starts in an hour.
The man _____________ rang the door was selling vacuum cleaners.
The organisation ____________ we want to join is holding a meeting.
The music to ______________ we are listening was recorded in 1931.
The chair on ______________ you are sitting is considered an antique.

6. Look at the following sentences and tick the ones in which the relative pronoun
can be omitted.
a. The computer that I bought yesterday is damaged.
b. The people that we are waiting for are late.

18

SECRETARIAT
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Toni has a computer program which translates Spanish to English.

The pupil whom you were talking to didnt pass the exam.
The film that we were watching was about spaceships.
The gardener watered the flowers that he had planted the day before.
The doctor called in the patient who had been waiting for two hours.
The person who wrote this story is very talented.
I didnt like the friend that you brought to my house.
Shes the chef who prepared our dinner.

7. Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun.

a. Jeremy wants to go to Egypt, __________ he can study the pyramids.
b. My friend, ___________ car was damaged in an accident, cant pick me up
today.
c. Freddie Mercury, __________ was the lead singer of Queens, died of AIDS.
d. The big house on the hill,______________ is next to my parents house, has
been pulled down.
e. Anna went to the cemetery ____________ Shakespeare is buried.
f. The soldiers, for __________ this song was written, were killed in the Second
World War.
g. Charles Dickens, ___________ wrote Oliver Twist, was a famous English
writer.
h. Sally, ____________ dog ran away yesterday, is very sad.
i. The film Casablanca, __________ stars Humphrey Bogart, takes place in
Morocco.
j. Yesterday, I saw Laura ___________ invited me to her house for dinner.
8. Can you correct the mistakes?
a. This is the restaurant which it was recommended to us.
b. He can do anything what she wants.
c. Take a look at this jacket that I bought it this morning.
d. Mr. Ros, whos car was hit by a lorry, is my teacher.
e. This is the library where I usually study there.
f. Their house is in Lleides which has two rooms.
g. This is the shop that its owner is a millionaire.
h. Have you met Frank, who you will be working with him?

19

SECRETARIAT

9. Join each pair of sentences using who and which

a. Thats the woman. She works in the post office.
b. The man wasnt English. He spoke to us.
c. The car has now been found. It was stolen.
d. The lock has now been repaired. It was broken.
e. Whats happened to the money? It was on my desk.

10. Complete the sentences using who or which but do not write them if it is
possible to leave them out.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

I cant find the envelopes ________ I bought this morning.

Have you seen the film _________ is on TV tonight?
John Murray is the man ____________ owns the Grand Hotel.
The man _________ we spoke to wasnt very nice.
This is the sweater ______________ I bought on Saturday.
Are these all the letters ___________ came in this mornings post?

11. Answer the questions using whose.

a. Whos Mrs. Barnes? (Her husband teaches at Annies school)
b. Whos Jim Owen? (His flat was broken into)
c. Who are Mr. and Mrs. Peters? (Their children were injured in the accident)

20

SECRETARIAT
COMPARATIVES AND RELATED STRUCTURES

1. Comparatives and asas. Compare these sentences:

London isnt as dangerous as New York.
New York is more dangerous than London.
Change from one form to another:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Margaret isnt as beautiful as Susan. Susan is

John is taller than Henry. Henry isnt
The meat wasnt as good as the fish. The fish was
You run faster than I do. I
His opponent didnt speak as convincingly as he did. He
I dont eat as much as she does. She
The case weighs more than the books. The books
The paintings were worse than the sculptures. The sculptures
Paris isnt as far as London. London
She writes better than him. He

2. SO and SUCH. Compare these two sentences:

The film was so good that I saw it again.
It was such a good film that I saw it again.
Change from one form to another in the same way:
a. The journey was so tiring that I fell asleep.
It was
b. It was such a boring book that I couldnt finish it.
The book was
c. The weather was so good that we were able to sunbathe.
It
d. It was such awful music that we walked out.
The music
e. The people were so interesting that it was a pity to leave.
They
f. They were such big boxes that we couldnt carry them.
The boxes
g. The train is so fast that it gets to London in 30 minutes.
It
h. There was such a long queue that we decided not to wait.
The queue

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SECRETARIAT
3. SO and TOO. Compare these two sentences:
It was so cold that I didnt take my coat off.
It was too cold for me to take my coat off.
Change from one form to the other in the same way:
a. He was so surprised that he couldnt reply.
He was too
b. They were too sleepy to keep their eyes open.
They were so
c. I was so busy that I couldnt answer the phone.
d. I was too angry to speak.
e. The coffee was so hot that I couldnt drink it.
f. The exercises were too difficult for us to do.
g. The case was so heavy that he couldnt lift it.
h. The weather was too bad for them to play tennis.

22

SECRETARIAT
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
1. Put if or unless:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

___________ we hurry, well miss the bus.

Will you visit us __________ you come to England?
___________ you see Jane, tell her to get in touch with me.
Our team wont win the league __________ Manchester lose every match.
___________ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book.
You wont pass the driving test __________ you practice reversing.
Hell be ill ___________ he stops worrying so much.
Well go to the beach __________ it rains.

2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form:

a. If I had known you were in hospital, I _________________ (visit) you.
b. If we ________________ (ask) them, theyd help us
c. I wouldnt mind living in England if the weather _________________ (be)
better.
d. Our teacher is annoyed if we _______________ (be) late for class.
e. They would be very disappointed if we _________________ (not / go).
f. If you hadnt reminded me, I ____________________ (forget)
g. If they lend us the money, we ___________________ (buy) a new car.
h. She would have been pleased if we __________________ (write) to her.
i. If I __________________ (have) your address, I would have sent you a
postcard.
j. I ___________________ (not / go) there in August if I were you.
k. If you mix red and yellow, you _________________ (get) orange.
l. You cant marry my daughter unless you __________________ (find) a
better job.
3. Complete the ideas to make conditional sentences
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.

If I were you,
If you knew how to mend the television,
If you dont listen carefully,
Im sure she will forgive you if you
If he took the examination again tomorrow, he probably
Unless you pay the electricity bill,
You wont learn English unless
The students will complain if
If I had written down the address,
If I knew as much about art as you do,
If I had wound my alarm clock,
If you werent so young,

23

SECRETARIAT
m.
n.
o.
p.

If
If
If
If

they got divorced, I think

you have got temperature, you
I had known about your uncles death,
I were a man / woman

4. Complete each sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
before:
a. If you havent got a pass, you wont get in.
Unless
b. Unless you follow my instructions, Ill shoot you.
If
c. You should go on a diet.
If
d. I didnt come because I missed the bus.
If I hadnt
e. She didnt understand and thats why she didnt do it.
If she had
f. They didnt arrive on time and so they missed the train.
If they had
g. He ought to look for another job.
If I
h. She didnt buy the coat because she didnt have enough money.
If she
i. George was late so he didnt go to the cinema
If George
j. Theyd better call the police.
If I
5. Put the verb into the correct form (2nd conditional)
a. They would be rather offended if I _________________ to see them (not /
go)
b. If you took more exercise, you ___________________ better (feel)
c. If I was offered the job, I think I ___________________ it (take)
d. Im sure Amy will lend you the money. Id be surprised if she
_________________ (refuse)
e. If I sold my car, I _________________ much money for it (not / get)
f. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ______________ (close
down)
g. What would happen if I ________________ that red button? (press)
h. Liz gave me this ring. She ________________ very upset if I lost it (be)
i. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we
_________________ (not / come)

24

SECRETARIAT
j. Would Tim mind if I ______________ his bicycle without asking him?
(borrow)
k. If somebody ________________in here with a gun, Id be very frightened
(walk)
l. Im sure Sue _________________ if you explained the situation to her
(understand)
6. Put the verb into the correct form
a. I didnt know you were in hospital. If ___________ (I / know),
____________ (I / go) to visit you.
b. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If ________________ (he /
miss) it, __________________(he / be) late for his interview.
c. Its good that you reminded me about Anns birthday. __________________
(I / forget) if __________________ (you / not / remind) me.
d. Unfortunately, I didnt have my address book with me when I was in New York.
If _________________ (I / have) your address, I _______________ (I /
send) you a postcard.
e. How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
It was OK, but __________________ (we / enjoy) it more if
_________________ (the weather / be) better.
f. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad.
___________________(it / be) quicker if ____________________ (I / walk).
g. Im not tired. If _______________ (I / be) tired, Id go home now.
h. I wasnt tired last night. If ______________ (I / be) tired, I would have
gone home earlier.

7. FIRST CONDITIONAL. Underline the conditional in each sentence. Then fill in

the correct form of the verb in brackets
a. If I touch the boiling kettle, I _________________ (burn) myself
b. I ____________________ (not / go) to school if I have a temperature
c. She ________________ (not / forgive) me unless I return the shirt I
borrowed
d. Unless it _________________ (start) snowing, we wont be able to ski
e. If Simon ____________________ (not / be) here soon, Ill go without him
f. If you dont eat vegetables, you__________________ (not / get) enough
vitamins
g. If Tomas __________________ (not / wake up) early, hell be late for work
8. SECOND CONDITIONAL. Fill in the blanks with the second conditional
a. If Monica ________________
________________ (walk) to work

(have)

more

time,

think

she

25

SECRETARIAT
b. Jennifer _______________ (have) a better chance of being a model if she
____________ (be) taller
c. I _______________ (come) to your house tonight if I ______________
(not / have) to baby-sit for my brother
d. If I ____________ (be) rich, I ____________ (travel) all over Australia
e. If Jos ______________ (be) less hungry, he ______________ (wait) to
eat dinner with his family
f. If Paula ____________ (be) a good cook, she ____________ (eat) at home
more often
9. Fill in the blanks with the First or the Second conditional. Sometimes both are
possible
a. I _________________ (not / prepare) dinner, unless you _____________
(insist)
b. If Isabel _____________ (get up) at 6.00, she _______________ (tidy)
her room, instead of leaving it for her mother
c. If you _____________ (travel) to England, it _______________ (help) you
practise speaking in English
d. Your friends ________ (be) very pleased if you __________ (invite) them
for lunch
e. Jane _____________ (go) to the school dance if someone ____________
(ask) her
f. If I ___________ (go) to Canada, we ___________ (go) skiing in the Rockies
10. THIRD CONDITIONAL. Fill in the blanks with the Third conditional
a. If Rafa ______________ (go) to the cinema with us, he ___________
(enjoy) that comedy
b. If Gary ____________ (not / help) me with my homework last week, I
______________(not / pass) the exam
c. I ______________(not / go) to the concert last night even if you
___________ (ask) me
d. You _____________ (look) better if you __________ (wear) a suit to the
concert last night
e. If Daniel ____________ (not / miss) the bus last night, he ____________
(not / need) to find a taxi
f. If the weather ____________ (not / be) so bad yesterday, we
______________ (go) for a picnic

11. Choose the correct answer. All types of conditionals are included
a. If Teresa __________ more sensible, she wouldnt get into trouble so often

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SECRETARIAT
Will be
were
had been
b. _______________ me some ice cream if you go to the supermarket
got
get
have got
c. If I ___________ late, will you wait for me?
Be
am
will be
d. If Vanesa __________ me the truth, I would not have been so angry
Told
tells
had told
e. If you listen to her, you __________ in trouble
Been
will be
being
f. If you had listened to me, you _______________ in trouble
Shouldnt have been
shouldnt had been
should havent been
g. Nobody __________ the secret if Dani hadnt revealed
Knew
would have known
would know
h. Will you be all right by yourself if I ___________ out tonight?
Go
will go
would go
i. If I knew how to run my own business, I _________ a rich man
Am
will be
would be
j. If anyone __________, say Ill be back about 7.30
Will phone
phone
phones

27

SECRETARIAT
WISHES AND PREFERENCES

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

I wish I _____________ (be) a bit taller than I am.

If only we ____________ (have) time to stay here last night.
I wish they ____________ (buy) something nice for my birthday.
She failed all her exams. If only she _______________ (study) harder.
I wish my brother ______________ (not / be) so rude to me.
I wish I _______________ (can) speak English well.

2. Write the sentences using I WISH or IF ONLY for these situations.

a. Wed like to go to Miami but we havent got enough money.
b. Yesterday I drank a lot and now Ive got a splitting headache.
c. The babys crying and Im getting nervous.
d. I talked to her and that was a terrible mistake.
e. They dont live in London but they would love to.
f. I cant drive because I havent got a driving licence.
3. Rewrite the sentences with the words provided
a. I prefer to go to the cinema this evening.
Id rather
b. I prefer reading to watching TV.
Id rather
c. Wed prefer her to stay with us.
Wed rather she
d. Shed prefer to work on her own.
Shed sooner
e. Id rather you didnt come with me tonight.
Id prefer you
4. Rewrite these sentences with the words provided
a.
b.
c.
d.

Its
Its
Its
Its

time for her to go back home. Its time she

time for us to say goodbye. Its time we
time for him to start doing some work. Its time he
time to have some dinner. Its high time we

28

SECRETARIAT
e. Its time to go to bed. Its about time we
5. Correct the errors in these sentences
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

I wish I am rich.
If only they have told me before.
Its time that she goes to bed now.
Id rather to drink water.
Wed rather her to work part time.

6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Express
regret about the present or past situations
a. I wish I ________________ (win) the lottery instead of Larry
b. I wish we ________________ (go) to the islands for a change. Im tired of
the mountains
c. If only I ________________ (have) a dog when I was young!
d. I wish I ________________ (visit) him more often
e. I wish I ________________(visit) London when I went to England
f. If only I ________________ (understand) what you are telling me
g. If only you ________________ (be) so rude, he wouldnt have punished you
h. I wish Rosa _______________ (work) closer to home
i. I wish Rosa _______________ (not work) so far away from home
7. Can you correct the mistakes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

I wish you will join us soon

I wish she didnt come last night
I wish he doesnt do this any more
I wish I can join you
I wish you write to me more often
If only you told me yesterday!

6. Answer these questions using Id prefer . or Id rather.

Eg. Shall we walk? (prefer / go by car) Id prefer to go by car
a. Shall we play squash? (prefer / play tennis)
b. Shall we play chess? (rather / read a book)
c. Shall we leave now? (rather / wait for a while)
d. Shall we go to a disco? (prefer / stay at home)
e. Shall we buy the tickets now? (rather / wait until tomorrow)

29

SECRETARIAT
PASSIVE VOICE

1. Write the following active sentences in the passive

a. Someone delivered the letters safely.
b. They are considering your application for the job.
c. They wont announce the winners name until next week.
d. They make these machines in Japan.
e. We keep the beer in the fridge.
f. Somebody left the lights on all night.
g. Has somebody mended that clock yet?
h. The teachers were discussing a new syllabus.
i.

They dont accept cheques in that shop.

j. No-one accepted his book for publication.

k. You dont find penguins in the Arctic.
l.

People have seen strange things around here.

m. They were decorating all the buildings.

n. When did they discover the solution to the problem?
o. Why havent they connected the electricity supply to the new classroom yet?

2. Write the following active sentences with modals in the passive voice:
a. They are going to build a new motorway not far from here.
b. No-one will ever forget his book.
c. They may have sold it by the time we arrive.
d. No-one could do it so quickly.

30

SECRETARIAT

e. People should send their complaints to the manager.

f. They had to postpone the match because of heavy rain.
g. They shouldnt have started the race in such conditions.
h. A bomb could have started the fire.
i.

People might not understand English there.

j. We had to type the whole page yet again.

3. Write the following active sentences in the passive with

subject:

a person as the

a. Someone asked us a lot of questions.

b. They have promised her a proper contract.
c. Didnt they tell you to answer all the questions?
d. We will send you your examinations results soon.
e. They didnt teach us cookery at school.
f. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
g. No-one asked you to come.
h. Somebody will award you a prize one of these days.
i.

They told me everything.

j. They dont pay the teachers at that school very much.

4. Prepositions with passive verbs. Write the following active sentences in the
passive:
a. They listened to her patiently.
b. Nobody ever pays for my drinks.

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SECRETARIAT
c. They will laugh at you if you do that.
d. Someone is reading to the old lady.
e. They have looked after the house well.
f. We must look into this problem.
g. No-one has ever spoken to me like that before.
h. They will write to us as soon as possible

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SECRETARIAT
USED TO / USUALLY DOES / BE USED TO DOING
1. Re-express these ideas with used to
E.g. My brother studied hard when he was at school.

My brother used to study hard when he was at school.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

I smoked forty cigarettes a day.

There was a factory where the park is nowadays.
I didnt like greens when I was a child, but now I do.
There werent so many opportunities in my youth.
We had a dog called Rover.
We didnt have a television in those days.

2. Read these situations and write three sentences with be / get used to as in
the example.
E.g. Jane is American. She found driving on the left difficult when she arrived in
Britain.
At first she wasnt used to driving on the left.
But soon she got used to driving on the left.
Now she is used to driving on the left. She has no problem.
Juan came to England from Spain. At home he had dinner at 10 p.m.. In England
dinner was at 6 oclock. He found this strange.
At first he .
But after a while he
Now he
Diana is a nurse. She started working at night two years ago. At first she found
this difficult.
At first she
However, she soon
Nowadays she ..

3. Put the verb into the correct form: Infinitive or gerund.

a. John used to ________________ (be) very fit. Now he is in terrible
condition.
b. Six oclock! Im not used to ____________________ (get) up so early.
c. I used to _______________ (go) swimming every day when I was young.
d. It took me a long time to get used to ______________ (wear) glasses.

33

SECRETARIAT
e. There used to _______________ (be) a pub in the corner, but they knocked
it down.
f. Im the boss. Im not used to _______________ (be) told what to do.
g. Youll have to get used to ________________ (eat) less if you really want to
lose weight.
h. I used to _______________ (like) her, but now she gets on my nerves.
i. He wasnt used to ______________ (drink) so much. Thats why he got drunk
so quickly.
j. Tom used to _________________ (drink) a lot when he was a student.
k. I used to _____________ (wear) a tie for school.
l. Ill never get used to _____________ (work) until ten oclock.

34

SECRETARIAT
CONNECTORS

WHEN, WHILE, AS SOON AS, BEFORE, AFTER, UNTIL, THEN

When / while I was watching TV, the telephone rang.
Ill phone you as soon as I get home.
The train had left before they arrived at the station.
After he left school, he started working in a bank.
I knew nothing about it until you told me.
I got into the bath and then the telephone rang.
CONTRAST
ALTHOUGH + a clause (aunque)
Although she doesnt enjoy her job, she works hard.
IN SPITE OF / DESPITE + noun or + -ing form (a pesar de)
In spite of / despite the bad weather, we went for a walk.
In spite of / despite being late, they didnt hurry.
WHEREAS (por el contrario)
He is quiet and shy, whereas his sister is lively and talkative.
HOWEVER / NEVERTHELESS (sin embargo)
She said she didnt want to change her job. However, she may change her mind.
BUT (pero)
I didnt want to do it, but I had to
INSTEAD OF + ing form or + noun (en lugar de)
I stayed in bed all day instead of going to work.
I prefer him to do it instead of you.
ON THE ONE HAND .... ON THE OTHER HAND (por una parte... por la otra)
ON THE OTHER HAND (por otra parte)

35

SECRETARIAT

On the one hand I think that this machine is very useful but on the other hand I
dont think we can afford it.
John had great difficulties playing cricket. (But) On the other hand he was a
great rugby player.
REASON AND RESULT
BECAUSE + a clause (porque)
He ran to the station because he was late.
BECAUSE OF + a noun (a causa de)
We arrived late because of the traffic.
AS / SINCE (como .... / pues....)
As / Since it was raining, we didnt go out.
We didnt go out as / since it was raining.
OTHERWISE (de otra manera / forma...) (sino)
You have to open the envelope (in) this way, otherwise youll break it.
SO (as que)
I had lost my wallet so I couldnt buy her a present.
AS A RESULT (debido a / como consecuencia / como resultado)
It was raining and as a result we didnt go out.
THEREFORE (por lo tanto)
I failed my driving test the first time and therefore I took it again.
THUS (de esta manera)
We could buy a new factory. Thus, we could improve our production.
PURPOSE
TO (para)
I went to Paris to learn French.
IN ORDER TO (para)

36

SECRETARIAT
I went to Paris in order to learn French.
In negative sentences: I got up early in order not to be late.
SO THAT (para que / a fin de que)
Ill give you a key so that you can unlock the door.
IN CASE (por si)
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
We bought another concert ticket in case Simon wanted to come with us.
ADDITI
ALSO (tambin)
John also plays the guitar.
Ive also read her other novel.
TOO (tambin)
I was in Germany last summer too.
AS WELL (tambin)
She not only sings; she plays the piano as well.
AGAIN (otra vez)
Dont do it again.
We have to talk about it again.
BESIDES / MOREOVER (adems)
I dont like those shoes; besides, they are too expensive.
Besides literature, we have to study History and Maths.
Its too late to go out now. Besides, its starting to rain.
ABOVE ALL (sobre todo) / MAINLY (principalmente)
I like all kind of music, above all / mainly Rock music.
OTHER USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
AFTER ALL (despus de todo)
I dont want to see her anymore; after all she is no longer my friend.
ANYWAY (de todos modos / de todas maneras)

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SECRETARIAT

She wasnt very polite, but anyway, I helped her.

I cant remember when Shakespeare died. Perhaps it was in 1614 or 1615-, anyway,
I know it was around then.
AT LEAST (al menos)
At least you have got what you wanted.
BY THE WAY (por cierto)
By the way, do you still go out with John?
FINALLY (finalmente)
IM AFRAID (me temo que)
Im afraid I dont agree with you.
IN CONCLUSION (en conclusin)
IN FACT (de hecho)
IN OTHER WORDS (en otras palabras)
IN THE SAME WAY (de la misma manera)
LIKEWISE (asmismo, igualmente)
OF COURSE (por supuesto)
SUDDENLY (de repente)
TO CONCLUDE (para terminar)
EVEN (incluso)

1. Rewrite the following sentences using SO THAT or IN CASE. Be careful with

verb tenses.
a. Take plenty of sun oil. The sun may be very strong.
b. Put your passport somewhere safe. Then you wont lose it.

38

SECRETARIAT
c. Confirm your return flight. The plane could be full.
d. Take lots of books. Then you will have plenty to read.

2. Rewrite the following sentences using the linking words in brackets.

a. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
b. The weather was bad. We didnt enjoy our holiday. (because)
c. We arrived at the cinema early. We wanted to get good seats. (so)
d. Shes getting married to James. She doesnt love him. (although)
e. He worked hard. He didnt pass his exams. (however)
f. Jo never helped with the housework. Pat did. (whereas)

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SECRETARIAT
QUESTION TAGS

1. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.

a. Tom wont be late, ______________?

b. Youre tired, ______________?
c. Youve got a camera, ______________?
d. You werent listening, _____________?
e. Sue doesnt know Ann, _____________?
f. Jacks on holiday, ______________?
g. Anns applied for the job,
____________?
h. You can speak German, _____________?
i. He wont mind if I use his phone,
_______?
j. There are a lot of people here,
_________?
k. Lets go out tonight, _____________?
l. This isnt interesting, ____________?
m. Im too impatient, _____________?
n. You wouldnt tell anyone,
____________?
o. Listen, ____________?
p. I shouldnt have lost my
temper,________?
q. Dont drop that vase, ____________?
r. Hed never met her before,
___________?

No, hes never late.

Yes, a little.
Yes, why? Do you want to borrow
it?
Yes, I was.
No, theyve never met.
Yes, hes in Portugal.
Yes, but she wont get it.
Yes, but not very fluently.
No, of course he wont.
Yes, more than I expected.
Yes, lets.
No, not very.
Yes, you are sometimes.
No, of course not.
OK, Im listening.
No, but never mind.
No, dont worry.
No, that was the first time.

2. Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation
you are asking your friend to agree with you.
a.
You look out of the window. The sky is blue and the sun is shining. What do
you say to your friend? (beautiful day) Its a beautiful day, isnt it?

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SECRETARIAT
a. You are with a friend outside a restaurant. Youre looking at the prices, which
are very high. What do you say? (expensive) It
b. Youve just come out of the cinema with a friend. You really enjoyed the film.
What do you say to your friend? (great) The film

c. You and a friend are listening to a woman singing. You like her voice very much.
What do you say to your friend? (a lovely voice) She
d. Youre trying on a jacket. You look in the mirror and you dont like what you see.
What do you say to your friend? (not / look / very good) It
e. Your friends hair is much shorter than when you last met. What do you say to
him / her? (have / your hair / cut) You

f. You and a friend are walking over a wooden bridge. It is very old and some
parts are broken. What do you say? (not / very safe) This bridge

3. In these situations you are asking for information and asking people to do
things. Make sentences using a negative sentence and an affirmative tag.
a. You need a pen. Perhaps Jane has got one. Ask her.

Jane, you havent got a pen, have you?

b. Jack is just going out. You want him to get you some stamps. Ask him.

Jack, you ...

c. Youre looking for Ann. Perhaps Kate knows where she is. Ask her.

Kate, you
d. You need a bicycle pump. Perhaps Helen has got one. Ask her.

Helen,
e. Youre looking for your keys. Perhaps Robin has seen them. Ask him.

Robin,

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SECRETARIAT

TO, FOR, and SO THAT (purpose)

1. Use a sentence from box A and a sentence from box B to make new
sentences
Box A
I shouted
I had to go to the bank
Im saving money
I went into hospital
Im wearing two pullovers
I phoned the police station

Box B
I want to keep warm
I wanted to report that my car had
been stolen
I want to go to Canada
I had to have an operation
I needed to get some money
I wanted to warn people of the danger

a.
I shouted to warn people of the danger
b.
________________________________________________________
___________
c.
________________________________________________________
___________
d.
________________________________________________________
___________
e.
________________________________________________________
___________
f.
________________________________________________________
___________

2. Complete these sentences using a suitable verb

a.
The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him
b.
I didnt have enough time ______________________ the newspaper
today
c.
I came home by taxi. I didnt have the energy ___________________
d.
Would you like something _____________________? Yes, a cup of
coffee
e.
We need a bag __________________ these things in
f.
There will be a meeting next week ___________________ the problem
g.
I wish we had enough money _________________ a new car
h.
I saw Helen at the party but we didnt have a chance ______________ to
each other

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SECRETARIAT
i.
I need some new clothes. I havent got anything nice _______________
j.
Theyve just passed their exams. Theyre having a party
_______________
k.
I cant do all this work alone. I need somebody ______________ me
3. Put in to or for
a.
Im going to Spain _____________ a holiday
b.
You need a lot of experience _____________ this job
c.
You need a lot of experience _____________ do this job
d.
Well need more time _______________ make a decision
e.
I went to the dentist ______________ a check-up
f.
I had to put on my glasses _____________ read the letter
g.
Do you wear glasses ________________ reading?
h.
I wish we had a garden ______________ the children ______________
play in
4. Write sentences with so that
a.
I hurried. I didnt want to be late.
I hurried so that I wouldnt be late
b.
We wore warm clothes. We didnt want to get cold
We wore _________________________________________________
c.
The man spoke very slowly. He wanted me to understand what he said
The man _________________________________________________
d.
I whispered. I didnt want anybody else to hear our conversation
____________________________ nobody ______________________
e.
Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time
Please ___________________________________________________
f.
She locked the door. She didnt want to be disturbed
_________________________________________________________
g.
I slowed down. I wanted the car behind to be able to overtake
_________________________________________________________

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SECRETARIAT
REPORTED SPEECH
1. Put these sentences into Reported Speech
a. Im sorry, Im late, she said.
b. I havent had time to read it, he said.
c. I cant remember the address, she whispered.
d. We played football yesterday, they told me.
e. Ill be back tomorrow, she promised me.
f. I didnt get up on time, he commented.
g. When the boss gets back, Ill tell him, she said.
h. I think its going to rain this afternoon, he remarked.

2. Make a new question with the idea given (Indirect questions)

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Where is the station? Could you tell me

What does that word mean? Do you know
Whats the date today? Have you got any idea
Where did you last see it? Cant you remember
Is Mary coming to the party? I wonder
Where does our teacher live? Do you know
What time did he arrive? Would you mind telling me
Where can I buy a new one? Could you tell me
What ingredients do I need? Id like to know
How much does it cost to go by plane? Do you know

3. Put these questions into the reported form (Reported questions)

a. Do you work here? he asked me.
b. Where is he hiding? the policeman demanded to know.
c. Have you ever met him? I asked her.
d. Will I get better soon? she asked the doctor.
e. Do you understand what you have to do? he wanted to know.

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SECRETARIAT

f. Did she get home safely last night? I asked her mother.
g. What can I do to help? I asked them.
h. Will I ever see her again? he wondered.
i.

Which one would you like to see? he asked her.

j. Why didnt you tell me before now? she asked me

4. Put these forms into reported speech using tell or ask (Indirect commands)
a. Please listen carefully, he said to us.
b. Dont wait up for me if Im late, Ann said to me.
c. Eat more fruit and vegetables, the doctor told him.
d. Would you mind explaining that to me again?, he asked me.
e. Shut the door, but dont lock it, she said to us.
f. Can you speak a bit more slowly?, they asked him.
g. Dont open the door until I tell you, I told him.
h. Do you think you could possibly lend me some money until I get paid?, he
asked me.

5. Put these forms into the reported speech using the verb supplied. Remember
that a personal object is needed.
a. If I were you, Id take travellers cheques, Mrs. Brown said the bank
manager.
The bank manager advised Mrs. Brown
b. Dont forget to fasten your seatbelts said the air hostess.
The air hostess reminded passengers
c. Would you like to see my paintings, Mary? said Tom.
Tom invited Mary

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SECRETARIAT

d. You must play well the manager said to the team.

The manager wanted the team
e. Go away and dont come back Mary said to Tom.
Mary told
f. You cant come in wearing jeans, miss the doorman said to Janet.
The doorman didnt allow
g. You ought to finish your homework first she said to his son.
She would like
h. Be careful when you go to New York Sandys friends told her.
Sandys friends warned
i. Please listen to me he said to us.
He begged

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SECRETARIAT
ADVERBS

Adverbs are words that give us more information about the action performed by
the verb. They say how, where, when the action is done. They are also qualifiers of
a sentence, an adjective or another adverb.
TYPES
Manner: Quickly, fast, well, slowly, easily, carefully.
Place: Here, there, up, down, in class.
Time: Now, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, last night*.
Frequency: Sometimes, often, never, always, seldom, twice.
Degree: very, quite, rather, too, enough, almost
POSITION
MANNER: These answer the question HOW?. They usually go after the direct
object, or if not, after the verb. It can never go between the verb and the direct
object.

He speaks English well

PLACE: The same rule follows as above. But if there is also an adverb of manner in
the sentence, the adverb of place goes after it.

He played well there

TIME: These usually go at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. The final
position being the more frequent of the two.

He is working now

*EXCEPTION: TIME: still, yet and already

STILL: Before a full verb or after be or an auxiliary verb
My brother is 18, but he still behaves like a child.
I can still remember the first time we met.
He is still in bed

YET: We use YET only in questions and negative sentences; it normally goes at the
end of a clause.

Have you had your exams result yet?

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SECRETARIAT

She hasnt answered my letter yet.

We often use YET after NOT in negative short sentences.

Have you passed your driving test yet? No, not yet
John is already at home.

ALREADY: Before a full verb, or after be or an auxiliary verb.

Could you do the washing up? Ive already done it

We can also use ALREADY at the end of a clause for emphasis

Ive seen the film already

SYNTACTICAL ORDER (MPT)

SUBJECT
He
He

VERB
spoke
drives

DIRECT
OBJECT
English
his car

ADV. OF
MANNER
rapidly
carefully

ADV. OF
PLACE
in class
in the city

ADV. OF
TIME
yesterday
at night

FREQUENCY:
After the simple tenses of to be

He is always happy

Before the verbs of the simple tenses

They sometimes stay up all night

With compound tenses or those sentences with more than one verb, the adverb of
frequency goes after the auxiliary or first verb:

He can never understand

They have often been to England
He is always writing letters

Sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, we can place some of them at the beginning
of the sentences. (Sometimes, usually, normally, frequently, occasionally)

Sometimes they stay up all night long

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SECRETARIAT
Adverb phrases of frequency (every evening, once a week, ..) usually go at the end
(or the beginning) of a clause.

They watch TV every night

I go swimming once a week

Adverbs of definite frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, ...) normally go at

the end of a clause

The post is delivered here twice daily

DEGREE: An adverb of degree modifies an adjective or another adverb. They

usually go in front of the adjective or the adverb they modify.

It was too hot to work

Some of these adverbs modify the verb. In this case they go before the main
verb

He can nearly swim

ENOUGH, TOO, ALMOST

ENOUGH
After adjectives and adverbs

ADJ: the flat isnt big enough

ADV: we arent working quickly enough

Before nouns

We havent got enough butter to make the cake

It can be used on its own

Thats enough
We havent got enough

TOO
It follows the general rule with adjectives and adverbs

Im too tired to work

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SECRETARIAT

Youre driving too fast

With nouns: - too + much + uncountable nouns

- too + many + countable nouns

Theres too much salt in this soup

I bought too many eggs

ALMOST
It is used in the same way as the adverbs of frequency

Weve almost finished painting the house

PROBABILITY: Adverbs of probability say how sure we are about something:

certainly, definitely, obviously, probably
These adverbs normally go before a full verb, but after BE or an auxiliary verb.

He probably knows your address

Hes probably at home
He has definitely gone out
He can obviously do the job

In negative sentences, these adverbs normally go before the negative wont, isnt,
not...

She probably wont be late

They are obviously not very happy

Perhaps and Maybe normally go at the beginning of a clause

Perhaps Ill see you later

Maybe youre right (quite informal)

EXERCISE: Put the adverb in the correct position

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Murray goes to work by bus (never)

Jack doesnt cycle home (always)
She is in the office early (often)
I shall come to see you (sometimes)
We have lunch at noon (usually)
The teacher has breakfast (there)
John pronounced these words (yesterday)

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SECRETARIAT
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

The box isnt (now, on the table)

The film was good (rather)
I am studying English (still)
He hasnt been to England (yet)
He knows the news (already)

Read the telephone conversation and complete it with ALREADY, YET or STILL:
Mary: Hi, mum. Is everything OK?
Mother: Oh hello, Mary. Ive had a very busy day. Peter has ___________ come. I
wasnt expecting him until this evening.
Mary: Oh dear. Do you need my help?
Mother: No dont worry. If your brother doesnt get in the way, Ill be all right. By
the way, have you collected Peters birthday present ______________?
Mary: Yes, Ive ____________ done that. I went to the shop this morning. But I
havent had time to buy his birthday cake _____________ . Im ____________
at the office and Ive _________ got quite a lot to do here.
Mother: Never mind. Ive ___________ prepared the bedrooms. But I havent
started cooking the meal ___________ ; Im _____________ tidying the dining
room. I suppose I can always ask Peter to help.
Mary: Poor mum. I hope the guests dont arrive too early!
Mother: Come as soon as you finish at the office. Bye for now.
Mary: See you later.

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SECRETARIAT
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

REQUEST, PERMISSION AND OFFERS

1. Read the situation and write what you would say:
a. Youve got a five pound note but you need some change. You stop someone and
say, could you...
b. You want to borrow your friends camera.
c. You are driving home and you see a neighbour waiting at a bus stop. You offer
her a lift home.
d. You have to get to the airport, but you are lost. You ask a passer-by.
e. You want to rent a flat and see a suitable one in the newspaper. You want to
visit it as soon as possible, preferably today. You telephone the landlord and say.
f. Youd like a cigarette. What do you ask first?
g. You are in a bank in England. You want to change some travellers cheques.
h. You are sitting in a train. It is rather stuffy. What do you say to the other
person in the compartment?
i.

A friend comes to visit you. You offer him / her something to eat and drink.

j. You need to get some medicine urgently from the chemists but parking is
prohibited in the street. You see a policeman standing near the chemists and ask
him for permission to park there.
k. You are having a party in your new flat. A friend asks what time she should
come. It doesnt matter.
l. You have to carry some heavy boxes of books to the second floor of the
university and you havent got a key to the lift. You see your English teacher.

ABILITY
2. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of can or be
able to.

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a. Tom ___________ drive, but he hasnt got a car.
b. He ________________ drive since he was 18.
c. I used to _____________ run quite fast, but I am very unfit nowadays.
d. He had hurt his leg, so he ___________ walk very quickly.
e. She wasnt at home when I phoned but I _____________ contact her at her
office.
f. I looked carefully through the telescope and ____________ see a small
figure on the horizon.
g. You ____________ to vote when you are 18.
h. The boy fell into the river and he _____________ swim, but fortunately a
man standing on the bank ____________ rescue him.
i. She couldnt speak much French, but she _____________ tell the police what
the thief looked like.
j. They ___________ get to the airport on time in spite of the heavy traffic.
k. How long ___________ your sister _________ ride a horse?
l. I ___________ see plenty of parking spaces, but I ___________ get the van
into any of them as it was too big.

POSSIBILITY
3. Rewrite the following using may or might
a. Perhaps Ill see you on Saturday
b. Perhaps they are expecting us to telephone them.
c. Perhaps John did his exercise last night.
d. Perhaps you dont agree with me, but I think she did the right thing.
e. Perhaps Arthur will arrive on time tomorrow.
f. Perhaps the dentist wont have to take any teeth out.
g. Perhaps Margaret hasnt been at home recently.
h. Perhaps the company wont have to close down.
i.

Perhaps our telephone bill was a mistake.

j. Perhaps she didnt speak to you because she didnt recognize you.
k. Perhaps they open the restaurant only in the tourist season.

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SECRETARIAT
l.

Perhaps they are working in the garden.

m. Perhaps well win a fortune on the football pools.

n. Perhaps he came early and didnt wait for us.
o. Perhaps he has sold his house.

4. Write sentences to explain each situation. Use the words in brackets to make
the sentences.
E.g. I cant find my pen anywhere. I wonder where it is
(you might / leave / home) You might have left home
(you could/ sit / on it) You could be sitting on it.
a. Look! Sues going out. I wonder where she is going.
(she may / go / the theatre)
(she could / go / a walk)
b. Why didnt Fred answer the telephone. Im sure he was at home.
(he may / have / a bath)
(he might not / hear / it / because of the TV)
c. How do you think the thieves got into the house?
(a window / might / be left / open)
(they could / have / a copy of the keys)
d. I wonder why there were no students in Angelas first class.
(the students / might not / be able / find / the room)
(the students / might / go / another room)
e. I wonder why there arent any blackboards in the new classrooms.
(they may / forget / to order them)
(they might / bring / them / later today)

LOGICAL DEDUCTION AND PROBABILITY

5. Look at the example and make remarks using must
E.g. Andy buys six bars of chocolate a day (eat)
He must eat a lot of chocolate then
a. Julian has a bad cough and the ashtrays in his flat are always full (smoke)

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SECRETARIAT
b. Jimmy plays tennis very well and his house is full of trophies (win)
c. Richard has a good job, a big car and a large house (earn)
d. Alex spends every evening in the pub (drink)
e. Gillian wears a different dress every day (have)
f. Marys car is big and old. (it / use / petrol)
6. Look at the example and make remarks using cant
a. Linda is a painter, but sells very few pictures (earn)
b. Tonys shop is nearly always empty. (have / many customers)
c. Marks students never learn anything (be / good teacher)
d. Bills car always looks dirty (wash / very often)
e. Paulas always in bed if you phone in the morning. (get up / early)
f. Henry always eats baked beans (be / good cook)

7. Look at the examples and make remarks using must have and cant have
E.g. Peter didnt come to the meeting, which is most unusual. (forget / remember)

He must have forgotten about the meeting

He cant have remembered about the meeting
a.
When she arrived at the airport, her husband wasnt on the plane that hed
said hed catch, the 8 oclock from Madrid (miss)
b.

But he arrived at Barcelona airport at 10 a.m. (catch)

c.

He fell while playing football and couldnt get up (break)

d.
Anne was in the kitchen. I heard a crash. When I got there, there was a
broken plate on the floor (drop)
e.
The factory whistle sounded at 5 oclock, but the men didnt stop working
(hear)
f.
I tried to bake a cake yesterday following a recipe my grandmother gave
me. It turned awful (read)

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SECRETARIAT

g.
Rita had a three-hour examination, but came out after only five minutes
(finish)
h.
The meeting was cancelled and this was advertised in the newspapers. Some
people, however, still turned up (see)

OBLIGATION, NECESSITY AND ADVICE

8. Use must, mustnt, neednt or dont / doesnt have to in order to complete
these sentences.
a. Do you want me to wait for you? No, you ____________ wait
b. The boss gave me an important letter to post. I _____________ forget to
post it on my way home
c. You _____________ come to the meeting if you dont want to, but I hope you
will
d. We have enough petrol so we ______________ stop just yet
e. What sort of car are you looking for? Well, it ___________ be quite large
as there are five of us in the family but it ____________ be all fast, as I rarely
go at over 100 km/h
f. I can stay in bed tomorrow as it is Sunday and I _____________ work
g. Whatever you do, you ____________ touch that switch. Its dangerous
h. If you see that red light, you ____________ turn off the machine
9. Read the situations and write sentences with should / ought to / shouldnt /
oughtnt to. Sometimes you have to use the present form, sometimes the past
Eg. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour, but Tom is driving at 50m.p.h.

Tom should be driving more slowly

Tom shouldnt be driving so fast
a. When we got to the restaurant, it was full. We hadnt reserved a table
b. It is raining hard. Mr Smith is walking down the road without an umbrella. He
has a bad cold
c. We went for a walk. We were thirsty, but we hadnt taken anything to drink
with us. We drank some water from a stream and were later violently sick
d. I went to London on holiday. I didnt visit the British Museum. When I got
back, my friends all said to me...
e. The children normally go to bed at 9 p.m. It is now 9.30 and the children are
still up, watching television

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SECRETARIAT

f. The accident happened because Tom tried to overtake on a narrow country

lane.
g. I have a terrible cough. I smoke 40 a day
h. There are very few grants for students
i. Your friend went on an excursion in the country. She got lost because she
didnt take a map
j. There is a pile of dirty plates in the kitchen sink. You say to yourself...
k. Your friends have a noisy party: at 2 oclock in the morning the neighbours
complain
l.

At the party, the beer runs out after an hour. You say to your friends...

10. In this exercise choose the appropriate modal verb to complete the sentence
(must / mustnt / cant / neednt / have to / should / ought to ) in all tenses
a. He said he ___________ leave early because he ___________ meet a friend
at 7 oclock
b. You ___________ be very tired after working all day long
c. _____________ (I) do all this exercise? Well, you _____________ do
numbers 9 to 15, but you ____________ do all the rest
d. We ________________ run so fast. The bus doesnt leave for another ten
minutes
e. You _____________ touch that dog. It bites
f. I ________________ write to Aunt Ann to thank her for my present
g. I ________________ seen the dentist months ago. Im sure he wont be able
to save this tooth now
h. You ______________ sit the final examination unless you want to try and get
a higher mark
i. There were plenty of empty seats on the train for a change, so she
_______________ stand, unlike most other days
j. The Wilkinson _________________ gone away for a few days. I havent seen
any of them around since the weekend
k. You ______________ be more considerate of others
l. That ______________ be Johns new car parked outside his house
m. He _______________ been drunk when he said that
n. You ______________ read War and Peace already: you only started two
hours ago
o. Your hair looks a mess. You ____________ have it cut

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SECRETARIAT
p. That young fellow ______________ be Tom Pattersons son. He looks just
like him He ________________ be Toms son: hes only got daughters
q. I ______________ not be telling you all this really, so please keep it secret
r. You ______________ have carried all that furniture upstairs by yourself. I
would have helped you if you had asked me
s. It ____________ be cold in Siberia
t. You _____________ smoke in the theatre
11. In this exercise you have to choose the most appropriate of the following
three modal verb forms (had to / should have / must have) and put the verb in
brackets in the correct form
a. When I was a student I ________________________ a lot of compositions
(write)
b. Where is your homework? You ______________________ it at the weekend
(do)
c. Im sorry. I ______________________ for an examination (study)
d. I cant find it. I __________________ on the bus (leave)
e. Why wont the car start? It _________________________out of petrol
(run)
f. You ________________________ some in the tank yesterday (put)
g. You ________________________ up earlier: then you wouldnt have to
hurry (get)
h. I ________________________ to wind the alarm clock up last night. Thats
why it has stopped (forget)
i. We _______________________ to work because the buses were on strike
(walk)

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SECRETARIAT
AS AND LIKE

1. Use AS or LIKE in these sentences

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.

Do you really think I look ___________ my brother?

I cant stand people ___________ him.
Why didnt you do it ___________ I told you to do it?
He works in a bank ___________ most of his friends.
Talking to you is ____________ talking to a brick wall.
His idea seems a good one, so well do ____________ he suggested.
She swims __________ a fish.
My brother lives in London, _________ my sister does.
Ive been working ____________ a typist for six months.
I dont mind what to do. Do __________ you like.
I prefer this room _________ it was, before we decorated it.
Our daughter uses the other bedroom __________ a playroom.
Their house is _____________ a fridge: its so cold there.
Theres no need to change: you can go dressed __________ you are.
This beer is terrible. It tastes ___________ water.

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S / OF

1. Join the two (or three) nouns. Sometimes you have to use s or s; and
sometimes you have to use ... of....

a. The owner / that car: the owner of the car

b. The mother / Ann: Anns mother
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.

The jacket / that man:

The top / the page:
The daughter / Charles:
The cause / the problem:
The newspaper / yesterday:
The birthday / my father:
The name / this street:
The toys / the children:
The new manager / the company:
The result / the football match:
The garden / our neighbours:
The ground floor / the building:
The children / Don and Mary:
The economic policy / the government:
The husband / Catherine:
The husband / the woman talking to Mary:
The car / the parents / Mike:
The wedding / the friend / Helen:

2. What is another way of saying these things? Use s

a. A hat for a woman: a womans hat

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

A name for a boy:

Clothes for children:
A school for girls:
A nest for a bird:
A magazine for women:

3. Read each sentence and write a new one beginning with the underlined words:
a. The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled.
Tomorrows meeting has been cancelled
b. The storm last week caused a lot of damage.
c. The only cinema in the town has closed down.
d. Exports from Britain to the United States have fallen recently.

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e. Tourism is the main industry in the region.

4. Use the information given to complete the sentences
a. If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to London, I arrive at about 12. So
its about three hours drive to London from my house (drive)
b. If I leave my house at 8.55 and walk to the station, I get there at 9 oclock. So
its only ________________________ from my house to the station (walk)
c. Im going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So Ive
got ________________________ (holiday)
d. I went to sleep at 3 oclock this morning and woke up an hour later. After that
I couldnt sleep. So last night I only had _____________________ (sleep)

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AUXILIARY VERBS
1. Complete the sentences with an auxiliary verb ( do / was / could / should...).
Sometimes the verb must be negative ( dont / wasnt...)

a. I wasnt tired but my friends were

b. I like hot weather but Ann ____________
c. Is Colin here? He _________ five minutes ago but I think hes gone home
now.
d. She might phone later this evening but I dont think she _____________.
e. Are you and Chris coming to the party? I ________ but Chris
_______________.
f. I dont know whether to apply for the job or not. Do you think I
______________?
g. Please dont tell anybody what I said Dont worry. I ___________.
h. You never listen to me Yes, I ____________
i. Can you play a musical instrument? No, but I wish I _____________
j. Please, help me Im sorry. I ___________ if I ____________ but I
___________
2. You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown

a. Im hungry.
b. Im not tired.
c. I like football.
d. I didnt enjoy the film.
e. Ive never been to South America.
f. I thought the exam was quite easy

Are you? Im not

Arent you? I am

3. You are talking to Tina. Write true sentences about yourself. Reply with So or
Neither if suitable. Study the two examples carefully.

a. I feel really tired.

b. Im working hard.
c. I watched TV last week.
d. I wont be in London next week.
e. I live in a small town.
f. Id like to go to the moon.
g. I cant play the trumpet

So do I
Are you? Im not

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4. In these conversations, you are B. Read the information in brackets and then
answer with I think so, I hope so...

a. (You dont like rain) A: Is it going to rain? B: (hope) I hope not

b. (You need more money quickly)
A: Do you think youll get a pay rise soon? B: (hope) _______________
c. (You think Diane will probably get the job that she applied for)
A: I wonder if Diane will get the job. B: (expect) ______________
d. (You are not sure whether Jill is married probably not)
A: Is Jill married? B: (think) ______________
e. (You are the receptionist at a hotel. The hotel is full)
A: Have you got a room for tonight? B: (afraid) _____________
f. (Youre at a party. You have to leave soon)
A: Do you have to leave early? B: (afraid)_________________
g. (Ann normally works every day, Monday to Friday. Tomorrow is Wednesday)
A: Is Ann working tomorrow? B: (suppose) ________________
h. (You are going to a party. You cant stand John)
A: Do you think John will be at the party? B: (hope) _______________
i. (Youre not sure what time the concert is probably 7.30)
A: Is the concert at 7.30? B: (think) __________________

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SECRETARIAT
QUANTIFIERS

1. Complete the sentences with some, any, something, anything, someone, anyone,
somewhere, anywhere.
a. I cant find my wallet anywhere
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Is _____________ coming with me to the cinema?

Im afraid I havent got ___________ money.
In my town theres always ___________ to park.
There isnt ___________ we can do for him now.
Could I have _____________ water, please?
Did you hear the noise? There must be _____________ upstairs.
Theres ___________ about her I dont really like.

2. Which of these nouns can be used with some and any?

Bread
Bottles
Holiday
Car

butter
flowers
cars
wine

coffee
bottle
pencil
boxes
friends
box
headache

advice
vegetables
information

3. Complete these sentences with much, many, a lot (of), little, a little, few, a few
a. Have you got much money? No, Im afraid Ive got very little
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

She was sad because very ___________ people came to her party.
Were going to the beach for __________ days.
Was the sweater expensive? Oh, yes. It cost me __________ money.
How ____________ chocolates are there in the box?
Is there any sugar left in the bowl? Yes, theres still ___________

4. Choose the correct answer

a. __________ the students are in the assembly hall now.
A. Most B. All
C. None
b. All of ____________ would like to stay here.
A. we
B. our
C. us
c. That is ___________ interesting book.
A. a most B. most
C. much
d. We liked ___________ of the presents we were given.
A. each
B. every C. much
e. They are ___________ very intelligent.

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SECRETARIAT
A. two

B. either

C. both

f. __________ France and Spain are Mediterranean countries.

A. Either B. Both
C. Neither
g. __________ of my friends speak English.
A. None B. Every C. Much

5. Complete the text with one, neither, none, both, all.

John and Peter are good friends. _____________ of them live in the same street
and go to the same school. ____________ of them likes Maths; actually they
hate them. They prefer History and Languages. ____________ of them has a
girlfriend; her name is Susan. She also goes to the same school. ____________
of them usually go together to the disco on Saturday evening but ___________
of them can get up on Sunday morning.
6. Correct the errors in these sentences:
a. We like swimming a lot of
b. Has he got many money?
c. All of children are playing in the garden.
d. They both are happy.
e. Most the people would like to live in peace.
f. We havent got no time
g. Are all the bottles in the fridge? No, there are neither.
h. Both them are coming with us.

7. Rewrite these sentences using neither...nor, either...or, both...and

a. We dont like tea. And we dont like coffee, either.
We like neither tea nor coffee
b. I cant remember if they live in Brighton or in Hove, but Im sure it is in one or
the other.
They live ____________________________
c. We spent our summer holidays in the countryside and also in the beach.
We spent our summer holidays ___________________

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SECRETARIAT
d. My father isnt from France or Germany.
My father is _______________________
e. Frank likes detective stories. Sean likes them, too.
Both _______________________
f. Do you remember if the film is at 3 or 4 p.m.? I know its one or the other.
The film is _________________________
8. Are these nouns countable or uncountable?
Help
Dollar
Fact
Tool
News
Progress
Research
Person

money
petrol
fuel
suitcase
apple
fruit
table
job

machine
machinery
equipment
knowledge
work
information
furniture
baggage

9. Nouns that have more than one meaning can sometimes be countable or
uncountable. Look at these sentences and decide if the underlined noun is
countable or uncountable.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Is this the first time you have been to Africa?

We hope to save time by subcontracting some of the work.
We collect waste paper from the offices each day and sent if for recycling.
I usually read the Financial Times. Which paper do you read?
She has a lot of experience in handling international negotiations.
I had a very interesting experience on my last trip to Mexico.
A decimal currency is much easier to work with.
These old coins are no longer accepted as valid currency.

10. Now complete these sentences. Use a few, a little, much or many.
a. Ive only been to Africa __________ times.
b. How _____________ time do you hope to save?
c. We only collected ___________ waste paper.
d. How _____________ newspapers do you read each day?
e. Do you have _____________ experience of international negotiations?
f. Did you have _____________ interesting experiences on your trip to Chile?
g. Only ___________ foreign currencies have fallen against the dollar today.
Most have gone up.
h. Can we find a place where I can change some money? I only have
___________ German currency left.

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SECRETARIAT
11. Underline the noun that is usually uncountable in each group:
Example: shirt
fashion
skirt
luggage tie
blouse
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Holiday
Meal
Cheque
Tractor
Raspberry
Job
Basement
Health
Disco
Motorway

journey
dish
coin
corn
plum
employee
attic
pill
musical
traffic

flight
food
cash
barn
fruit
boss
cellar
disease
music
traffic jam

luggage
menu
salary
field
fig
unemployment
bedsit
operation
opera
lorry

suitcase
dessert
bonus
orchard
mango
profession
accommodation
prescription
concert
rush hour

12. Complete the sentences with some or any

a. I did Exercise one without ___________ help
b. Would you like __________ more fizzy mineral water? I dont want
________ more.
c. _____________ people dont have ____________ problems learning foreign
languages.
d. Why dont you ask your father to lend you __________ money? I havent got
__________.
e. My teenage sister never has ________ trouble learning the words for the
latest pop songs. There are hardly ___________ she doesnt know by heart.
f. I didnt realize that there were still _____________ sandwiches left. Ive
made _________ more.
13. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets and much or many. Make
any other necessary changes.
Example: Im not sure how much drink to buy (cans of beer)

Im not sure how many cans of beer to buy.

a. Are there many jobs to be done in the garden? (work)
b. I didnt spend many hours on the homework. (time)
c. Did they do many experiments before they found a cure? (research)
d. They couldnt give me many details about the delay in our flight. (information)
e. There are too many cars and lorries on the streets of our town. (traffic)
f. I didnt have too much difficulty with this exercise. (problems)

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14. Complete the following sentences with a combination of these words.

Some
Any
No
Every
where

one
body
thing

a. I dont care where we go on holiday as long as it is _______________ hot.

b. Does ___________ want a cup of tea?
c. Ive looked ____________ for my contact lens, but I cant find it
_______________.
d. What do you want for dinner Harry? Oh, _____________, I dont care!
e. This sale is fantastic. Theres 50% off ___________ in the shop.
f. Its really boring at Auntie Marthas, theres absolutely ___________ to do.
g. Im a very sensitive person. _____________ understands me.
h. Ill go _____________ as long as Im with you.
i. Janes getting married to _____________ she met on holiday.
j. Sue is such a chatterbox, shes always got _____________ to say but she
never says ______________ interesting.
k. Our dog will go for a walk with ______________.
l. Tommys so nice. ________________ likes him.
15. Match a line in A with a line in B
A
He told the police that he
knew
He didnt tell the police
I think they live
I dont mind. Ill live
Anybody
Nobody
Ive searched
I cant find it
I thought Id know
I didnt know
My parents never took me
My parents took me
Jane always got
Jane didnt have
Ive already had
Ive had

B
Anything
Nothing
Anywhere in London
Somewhere in London
Phoned you. Sorry
Can cook. Its easy
Anywhere
Everywhere
Somebody at the party
Anyone at the party
Everywhere when I was young
Anywhere when I was a kid
Everything she wanted
Anything to wear
Something to eat
Nothing to eat

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SECRETARIAT

SINGULAR AND PLURAL

1. Complete the sentences using the following words: glasses, species, series,
scissors, means and shorts. Sometimes you need a or some.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

My eyes arent very good. I need ______________.

This plant is ____ very rare _________.
Footballers dont wear trousers when they play. They wear ___________.
The bicycle is ___________ of transport.
The bicycle and the car are _____________ of transport.
I want to cut this piece of material. I need _____________.
Ann is going to write _____________ of articles for her local newspaper.
There are a lot of American TV __________ shown on British television.
While we were out walking, we saw 25 different ____________ of birds.

2. In each example the words on the left are connected with an activity (for
example, a sport or an academic subject). Write the name of the activity. Each
time the beginning of the word is given.
a. Calculate
b. Government
c. Finance
d. Running
e. Light
f. Exercises
g. Computer silicon

algebra
election
trade
jumping
heat
somersault
chip video

equation
minister
industry
throwing
gravity
parallel bars
games
el

mathematics
p
e
a
ph
gy

3. Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural. In one sentence either
the singular or plural verb is possible.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.

Gymnastics is / are my favourite sport.

The trousers you bought for me doesnt / dont fit me.
The police want / wants to interview two men about the robbery last week.
Physics was / were my best subject at school.
Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isnt / arent sharp enough.
Fortunately the news wasnt / werent as bad as we expected.
Where do / does your family live?
Three days isnt / arent long enough for a good holiday.
I cant find my binoculars. Do you know where it is / they are?
Do you think the people is / are happy with the government?
Does / Do the police know how the accident happened?
I dont like very hot weather. Thirty degrees is / are too warm for me.

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SECRETARIAT
4. Most of these sentences are wrong. Correct them where necessary; put right
if the sentence is already correct.

a. The government want to increase taxes. RIGHT (wants is also correct)

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.

Susan was wearing a black jeans.

Brazil are playing Italy in a football match next Wednesday.
I like Martin and Jill. They are very nice persons.
I need more money than that. Ten pounds are not enough.
Im going to buy a new pyjama.
The committee havent made decision yet.
Many people has given up smoking.
There was a police standing at the corner of the street.
Has the police arrived yet?
This scissors is not very sharp.

70

SECRETARIAT

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SECRETARIAT
IRREGULAR VERBS
Stem
be
become
begin
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
find
fly
forbid
forget
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
learn
leave
lend

Past tense
was/were
became
began
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
found
flew
forbade
forgot
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
learnt
left
lent

Past participle
Traduccin
been
ser/estar
become
convertirse
begun
empezar
broken
romper
brought
traer
built
construir
bought
comprar
caught
coger
chosen
elegir
come
venir
cost
costar
cut
cortar
dealt
tratar con
done
hacer
drawn
dibujar
drunk
beber
driven
conducir
eaten
comer
fallen
caer
felt
sentir
found
encontrar
flown
volar
forbidden
prohibir
forgotten
olvidar
got
conseguir
given
dar
gone
ir
grown
crecer/cultivar
had
tener
heard
escuchar
hidden
esconder
hit
golpear
held
sujetar
hurt
herir
kept
mantener/guardar
known
conocer/saber
laid
poner/colocar
led
guar
learnt
aprender
left
dejar/marchar
lent
prestar

Stem
let
lie
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
quit
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
set
shake
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
spread
stand
steal
stick
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
understand
wear
win
write

Past tense
let
lay
lost
made
meant
met
paid
quit
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
shook
shot
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
spread
stood
stole
stuck
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood
wore
won
wrote

Past participle
Traduccin
let
permitir
lain
tumbarse
lost
perder
made
fabricar/hacer
meant
significar
met
conocer/reunirse
paid
pagar
quit
abandonar
read
leer
ridden
montar
rung
sonar
risen
subir/izar
run
correr
said
decir
seen
ver
sold
vender
sent
enviar
set
poner/colocar
shaken
agitar
shot
disparar
shown
mostrar
shut
cerrar
sung
cantar
sat
sentarse
slept
dormir
spoken
hablar
spent
gastar
spread
extender
stood
estar de pie
stolen
robar
stuck
pegar
swum
nadar
taken
coger
taught
ensear
told
contar
thought
pensar
thrown
lanzar
understood
entender
worn
llevar puesto
won
ganar
written
escribir

72

SECRETARIAT

73