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Each of these correlations was developed for its own unique set of experimental conditions, and accordingly, results will vary between them.
Multiphase Flow
For multiphase flow in essentially vertical wells, the available correlations are Beggs and Brill, Gray, and Hagedorn and Brown. If used for single-phase flow, these three correlations devolve to the Fanning Gas or Fanning Liquid correlation. When switching from multiphase flow to single-phase flow, the correlation will default to the Fanning. When switching from singlephase flow to multiphase flow, the correlation will default to the Beggs and Brill. Important Notes
The Flanigan, Modified-Flanigan and Weymouth (Multiphase) correlations can give erroneous results if the pipe described deviates substantially (more than 10 degrees) from the horizontal. The Gray and Hagedorn and Brown correlations were derived for vertical wells and may not apply to horizontal pipes. In our software, the Gray, the Hagedorn and Brown and the Beggs and Brill correlations revert to the appropriate single-phase Fanning correlation (Fanning Liquid or Fanning Gas. The Flanigan, Modified-Flanigan and Weymouth (Multiphase) revert to the Panhandle, Modified Panhandle and Weymouth respectively. However, they may not be used for single-phase liquid flow.
Single Phase & Multiphase Correlations Multiphase Gas Correlations Fanning-Gas Fanning-Liquid Panhandle Modified Panhandle Weymouth Beggs & Brill Gray Hagedorn & Brown Flanigan Modified-Flanigan Weymouth (Multiphase) Mechanistic Model * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Vertical Horizontal Vertical Liquid Horizontal
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5.
, where: D (ft),
(lb/ft3),
(lb/ft3),
(dyn/cm)
6.
, where:
(lb/ft3),
(lb/ft3),
(dyn/cm)
Nomenclature
A = cross sectional area C0 = velocity distribution coefficient D = pipe internal diameter E = in situ volume fraction FE = liquid fraction entrained g = acceleration due to gravity hL = height of liquid (stratified flow) L = length P = pressure Re = Reynolds number S = contact perimeter VSG = superficial gas velocity VSL = superficial liquid velocity = liquid film thickness = pipe roughness = pressure gradient weighting factor (intermittent flow) = Angle of inclination = viscosity = density = interfacial (surface) tension = shear stress = dimensionless quantity
Subscripts
b = relating to the gas bubble c = relating to the gas core F = relating to the liquid film db = relating to dispersed bubbles G = relating to gas phase i = relating to interface L = relating to liquid phase m = relating to mixture SG = based on superficial gas velocity s = relating to liquid slug SL = based on superficial liquid velocity wL = relating to wall-liquid interface wG = relating to wall-gas interface C0 = velocity distribution coefficient
References
Petalas, N., Aziz, K.: "A Mechanistic Model for Multiphase Flow in Pipes," J. Pet. Tech. (June 2000), 43-55. Petalas, N., Aziz, K.: "Development and Testing of a New Mechanistic Model for Multiphase Flow in Pipes," ASME 1996 Fluids Engineering Division Conference (1996), FED-Vol 236, 153-159. Gomez, L.E. et al.: "Unified Mechanistic Model for Steady-State Two-Phase Flow," Petalas, N., Aziz, K.: "A Mechanistic Model for Multiphase Flow in Pipes," SPE Journal (September 2000), 339-350.