How to Measure the Pressure Angle of a Physical Spur Gear

Pressure Angle (): If you can draw a common normal line to the meshing teeth surfaces at the contact point
between the meshed teeth and a tangent plane common to the pitch circles of both the gear then angle between
the common normal line and the tangent plane is called pressure angle. Circular Pitch (P): Measure the distance
between the corresponding points of the adjacent teeth on the pitch circle circumference for getting the circular
pitch. Diametrical Pitch (DP): The number of teeth available per unit pitch circle diameter is called diametrical
pitch. It can be calculated from the following equation: DP = /P =N/DEqn.2

Where, P = Circular pitch N = Number of teeth D = Pitch circle diameter Base Pitch (BP): If you measure the on
the base circle circumference then the pitch value is called base pitch. The base pitch is related to the diametrical
pitch by the following equation: BP = [*Cos ()]/DP ..Eqn.3slide 3 of 4Measuring Procedure From the
definition you must have noticed that it will be very difficult to measure the pressure angle directly from a physical
gear. So we will discuss a method where the Eqn.3 and Eqn.2is used for indirectly measuring the parameter.
Measure Diametrical Pitch (DP): Take a good vernier and measure the outer diameter of the gear. Now measure
the addendum and subtract the double addendum from the outer diameter and you will get the pitch circle
diameter. Now calculate the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth to find out the diametrical
pitch (DP) value. Measure Base Pitch (BP): Use the vernier and place its jaws across the few teeth at lower
portion of the pitch circle. You can take any number of teeth at a time but the vernier should be best fitted over
there like below:

First take a reading for two teeth and then take a reading for three teeth. Subtract the two values and you will get
the base pitch value for the gear. Repeat the process for some more number of teeth (like 5 teeth and 4 teeth
etc.) and take the average value of all. Now enter the diametrical pitch value and the base pitch values you
already measured to the Eqn.3 and you will get the pressure angle for the gear.

American Standard Involute System - Full Depth Tooth

Calculations
Basic Rack Of The 14.5 Full Depth Involute System

Basic Rack Of The 20 Full Depth Involute System

To Find
Addendum
Minimum Dedendum
Working Depth
Minimum Total Depth

Diametral Pitch Known

=1 / Diametral Pitch
=1.157 / Diametral Pitch
=2 / Diametral Pitch
=2.157 / Diametral Pitch

Circular Pitch Known

=0.3183 X Circular Pitch
=0.3683 X Circular Pitch
=0.6366 X Circular Pitch
=0.6866 X Circular Pitch

Basic Tooth Thickness

On Pitch Line

=1.5708 / Diametral Pitch

=0.5 X Circular Pitch

Minimum Clearance

=0.157 / Diametral Pitch

=0.05 X Circular Pitch

Note: Radius of Fillet = 1-1/3 X Clearance for 14-1/2 full depth tooth and 1-1/2 X Clearance
for 20 full depth tooth.
Note: The term Diametral Pitch is used up to 1 DP inclusive and the term Circular Pitch is
used for 3 inches circular pitch and over. A suitable working tolerance should be considered
in connection with all minimum recommendations. Minimum clearance between the top of
the gear tooth and the bottom of the mating gear is specified as minimum so as to allow for
necessary cutter clearance for all methods of producing gears.

Gear Pitch Conversion

You Have

You Need

Rule

Formula

Circular Pitch
Module

Divide Pi (3.1416) by the diametral pitch

Divide 25.4 by the diametral pitch

C = 3.1416 / D
M = 25.4 / D

Circular Pitch

Diametral Pitch
Module

Divide Pi (3.1416) by the circular pitch

Multiply the circular pitch by 8.08505

D = 3.1416 / C
M = C x 8.08505

Module

Diametral Pitch
Circular Pitch

Module divided by 25.4

Module divided by 8.08505

D = 25.40 / M
C = M / 8.08505

Diametral Pitch

D = Diametral Pitch C = Circular Pitch M = Module

Gear Pitch Conversion Tables

Diametral
Pitch

Circular
Pitch

Module

Diametral
Pitch

Circular
Pitch

Module

Diametral
Pitch

Circular
Pitch

Module

0.3387

9.2764

75

2.3091

1.3605

11

9.4342

0.333

5.08

0.3629

8.658

70

2.3936

1.3125

8.467

10

0.3142

2.54

0.3908

8.0395

65

2.5

1.2566

0.4233

7.4211

60

2.54

1.2369

0.4618

6.8027

55

2.75

1.1424

10.0531

0.3125

5.053

10

10.16

0.3092

2.5

9.236

10.9846

0.286

0.2856

2.309

10.16

0.5

6.2832

50.8

2.7925

1.125

8.085

11

0.508

6.1843

50

2.8222

1.1132

11.2889

0.2783

2.25

0.5644

5.5658

45

2.9568

1.0625

12

0.2618

2.117

0.6048

5.1948

42

1.0472

8.467

12.5664

0.25

4.548

0.6513

4.8237

39

3.1416

7.58

12.7

0.2474

0.7056

4.4527

36

3.175

0.9895

13

0.2417

1.954
1.814

0.75

4.1888

33.867

3.351

0.9375

7.257

14

0.2244

0.7697

4.0816

33

3.5

0.8976

7.257

14.1514

0.222

4.5

0.7854

12.128

3.5904

0.875

7.074

14.5143

0.2164

1.75

0.8467

3.7106

30

3.6286

0.8658

15

0.2094

1.693

0.8976

3.5

12

3.8666

0.8125

15.708

0.2

4.233

0.9407

3.3395

27

3.9077

0.804

6.5

16

0.1964

1.588

3.1416

25.4

0.7854

6.35

16.7552

0.1875

4.043

1.0472

11.622

4.1888

0.75

6.569

16.9333

0.1855

1.5

1.0583

2.9684

24

4.2333

0.7421

17

0.1848

1.494

1.1424

2.75

11.289

4.5

0.6981

5.644

18

0.1745

1.411

1.1545

2.7211

22

4.5696

0.6875

6.5

18.812

0.167

1.25

2.5133

20.32

4.6182

0.6803

5.5

19

0.1653

1.337

1.2566

2.5

11.117

4.71

0.667

6.35

20

0.1571

1.27

1.27

2.4737

20

0.6283

5.08

20.32

0.1546

1.25

1.3963

2.25

11

5.0266

0.625

6.064

22

0.1428

1.155

1.4111

2.2263

18

5.08

0.6184

24

0.1309

1.058

1.5

2.0944

16.933

5.5851

0.5625

25.4

0.1237

1.5708

10.612

5.6444

0.5566

4.5

26

0.1208

0.977

1.5875

1.979

16

0.5236

4.233

28

0.1122

0.907

1.6755

1.875

10.16

6.2832

0.5

5.644

28.2222

0.1113

0.9

1.6933

1.8553

15

6.35

0.4947

30

0.1047

0.847

1.75

1.7952

14.514

6.7733

0.4638

3.75

31.75

0.0989

0.8

1.7952

1.75

10

0.4488

3.629

32

0.0982

0.794

1.8143

1.7316

14

7.1808

0.4375

5.558

34

0.0924

0.747

1.9333

1.625

9.236

7.2571

0.4329

3.5

36

0.0873

0.706

1.9538

1.6079

13

7.8154

0.402

3.25

36.2857

0.0866

0.7

1.5708

12.7

7.854

0.4

5.5

42.3333

0.0742

0.6

2.0944

1.5

9.096

0.3927

3.175

50.8

0.0618

0.5

2.1167

1.4842

12

8.3776

0.375

5.393

63.5

0.0495

0.4

2.1855

1.4375

8.4667

0.3711

84.6667

0.0371

0.3

2.25

1.3963

11.289

0.3491

2.822

2.2848

1.375

8.59

9.2364

0.3401

2.75

Standard Gear Backlash Table

AGMA Recommended Course Pitch Gear Backlash
Center
Distance
(Inches)

Normal Diametral Pitches

1/2 DP - 1.99 DP 2 DP - 3.49 DP 3.5 DP - 5.99 DP 6 DP - 9.99 DP 10 DP - 19.99 DP

From
0
5.01
10.01
20.01
30.01
40.01
50.01
80.01
100.01

To
5
10
20
30
40
50
80
100
120

Backlash, Normal Plane, Inches* Per Set

.040 - .060
.050 - .070
.060 - .080
.070 - .095
.080 - .110

.030 - .040
.035 - .045
.040 - .055
.045 - .065
.050 - .080

.020 - .030
.025 - .030
.030 - .040
.035 - .050
.040 - .060

.010 - .020
.015 - .025
.020 - .030
.025 - .035
.030 - .040

.005 - .015
.010 - .020
.010 - .020

* Suggested backlash on nominal centers, measured after rotating to the point of closest
engagement. For helical and herringbone gears, divide the above values by the cosine of
the helix angle to obtain the transverse backlash.
The above backlash tolerances contain allowance for gear expansion due to differential in
the operating temperature of the gearing and their supporting structure. The values may
be used where the operating temperatures are up to 70 F higher than the ambient
temperature.
For most gearing applications the recommended backlash ranges will provide proper
running clearance between the engaging teeth of mating gears
Some applications may require less backlash than shown in the above table. In such
cases the amount and tolerance should be by agreement between the manufacturer and
the purchaser.

Gear Tooth Span Readings

The following tables are for 1 Diametral Pitch
Gears. To find the span measurement for other
pitches, divide the span measurement by the
desired pitch.
The span numbers given are nominal and do
not allow for backlash.

To calculate the span reading for Circular Pitch or Module gearing, first
convert to Diametral pitch and divide the span measurement by that number.
14-1/2 Pressure Angle

No Of Teeth To
Teeth
Span
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
2
17
2
18
2
19
2
20
2
21
3
22
3
23
3
24
3
25
3
26
3
27
3
28
3
29
3
30
3
31
3
32
3
33
4
34
4
35
4
36
4
37
4
38
4
39
4
40
4
41
4
42
4
43
4
44
4
45
5
46
5

Span
4.6160
4.6213
4.6267
4.6321
4.6374
4.6428
4.6482
4.6536
4.6589
4.6643
4.6697
7.7166
7.7219
7.7273
7.7327
7.7380
7.7334
7.7488
7.7541
7.7595
7.7649
7.7702
7.7756
10.8225
10.8279
10.8332
10.8386
10.8440
10.8493
10.8547
10.8601
10.8654
10.8708
10.8762
10.8815
13.9284
13.9338

20 Pressure Angle

No Of Teeth To
Teeth
Span
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
3
23
3
24
4
25
4
26
4
27
4
28
4
29
4
30
4
31
4
32
4
33
5
34
5
35
5
36
5
37
5
38
5
39
5
40
5
41
6
42
6
43
6
44
6
45
6
46
6

Span
4.5683
4.5823
4.5963
4.6103
4.6243
4.6383
7.6044
7.6184
7.6324
7.6464
7.6604
7.6744
7.6885
7.7025
10.6686
10.6826
10.6968
10.7106
10.7246
10.7386
10.7526
10.7666
10.7806
13.7468
13.7608
13.7748
13.7888
13.8028
13.8188
13.8308
13.8448
16.8110
16.8250
16.8390
16.8530
16.8670
16.8810

25 Pressure Angle

No Of Teeth To
Teeth
Span
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
2
17
2
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
26
4
27
4
28
4
29
5
30
13
31
13
32
13
33
13
34
6
35
6
36
6
37
6
38
6
39
6
40
6
41
7
42
7
43
7
44
7
45
7
46
7

Span
4.5425
4.5697
4.5969
4.6240
4.6512
7.5256
7.5528
7.5800
7.6071
7.6343
7.6615
7.6886
10.5630
10.5902
10.6174
10.6445
10.6717
10.6989
10.7260
13.6005
13.6276
13.6548
13.6820
13.7091
13.7363
13.7635
16.6379
16.6620
16.6922
16.7194
16.7465
16.7737
16.8009
16.8281
19.7025
19.7296
19.7568

47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

13.9392
13.9445
13.9499
13.9553
13.9606
13.9660
13.9714
13.9768
13.9821
13.9875
17.0344
17.0398
17.0451
17.0505
17.0559
17.0612
17.0666
17.0720
17.0773
17.0827
17.0881
17.0934
20.1403
20.1457
20.1511
20.1564
20.1618
20.1672
20.1725
20.1779
20.1833
20.1886
20.1940
20.1994
23.2463
23.2516
23.2570
23.2624
23.2677
23.2731
23.2785
23.2839
23.2892
23.2946

47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11

16.8950
16.9090
16.9230
19.8891
19.9031
19.9171
19.9312
19.9452
19.9592
19.9732
19.9872
20.0012
22.9673
22.9813
22.9953
23.0093
23.0233
23.0373
23.0514
23.0654
23.0794
26.0455
26.0595
26.0735
26.0875
26.1015
26.1155
26.1295
26.1435
26.1575
29.1237
29.1377
29.1517
29.1657
29.1790
29.1900
29.2000
29.2200
29.2300
32.2010
32.2150
32.2290
32.2430
32.2570

47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

7
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13

19.7840
19.8111
19.8383
19.8655
22.7399
22.7671
22.7942
22.8214
22.8486
22.8757
22.9029
25.7773
25.8045
25.8316
25.8588
25.8860
25.9131
25.9403
28.8147
28.8419
28.8691
28.8962
28.9234
28.9506
28.9777
31.8521
31.8793
31.9065
31.9336
31.9608
31.9880
32.0151
32.0423
32.9167
34.9439
34.9711
34.9982
35.0254
35.0526
35.0797
37.9541
37.9813
38.0085
38.0356

91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11

23.3000
23.3053
23.3107
26.3576
26.3630
26.3683
26.3737
26.3791
26.3844
26.3898
26.3952
26.4005
26.4059
26.4113
26.4166
29.4635
29.4689
29.4743
29.4796
29.4850
29.4904
29.4957
29.5011
29.5065
29.5118
29.5172
29.5226
32.5695
32.5748
32.5802
32.5856
32.5909
32.5963
32.6017

91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14

32.2710
32.2850
32.2990
32.3130
35.2800
35.2940
35.3080
35.3220
35.3360
35.3500
35.3640
35.3780
35.3920
38.3580
38.3720
38.3860
38.4002
38.4142
38.4283
38.4423
38.4563
38.4703
41.4364
41.4504
41.4544
41.4784
41.4924
41.5064
41.5204
41.5344
41.5484
41.5625
41.5765
41.5905

91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18

38.0228
38.0900
38.1171
40.9916
41.0187
14.0459
14.0731
41.1002
41.1274
41.1546
44.0290
44.0561
44.0833
44.1105
44.1376
44.1648
44.1920
47.0664
47.0936
47.1207
47.1479
47.1751
47.2022
47.2294
47.2566
50.1310
50.1582
50.1853
50.2125
50.2397
50.2668
50.2940
53.1684
53.1956

125

11

32.6070

125

14

41.6045

125

18

53.2227

Base Pitch

This page will help you determine what your gear is by using the base
pitch method.
You will first need to take a few measurements.
1. The exact number of teeth to measure over will be determined by each
individual gear. You want to measure over the smallest number of teeth
that will give you a good "feel". You will want to measure at the pitch line
as shown in the following diagram.

2. For this example, we will use 2 teeth as the starting point. First measure
the base pitch over 2 teeth, and then measure the base pitch over 3
teeth.
3. Subtract the 2 tooth reading from the 3 tooth reading. This is your base
pitch.
4. To be more accurate, I tend to take three of these measurements over a
different number of teeth and use the average as my base pitch. For
example I will measure over 2 & 3 Teeth, 3 & 4 Teeth and 4 & 5 Teeth.
5. The average of these three calculations will be your base pitch. Look up
the base pitch in the body of the following chart. Follow the base pitch up
and to the side to see it's corresponding pitch and pressure angle.
Diametral Pitch

Circular
Pitch

Module

14-1/2

17-1/2

20

22-1/2

25

27-1/2

30

75
70
65
60
55

8.9809
8.3822
7.7835
7.1847
6.5860
6.0831
5.9873
5.3885
5.0293
4.6701
4.3108
4.0554
3.9516
3.8726
3.5924
3.3885
3.2331
3.0415
2.9044
2.8739

8.8470
8.2572
7.6674
7.0776
6.4878
5.9924
5.8980
5.3082
4.9543
4.6005
4.2466
3.9949
3.8927
3.8149
3.5388
3.3380
3.1849
2.9962
2.8612
2.8311

8.7169
8.1358
7.5547
6.9736
6.3924
5.9043
5.8113
5.2302
4.8815
4.5328
4.1841
3.9362
3.8355
3.7588
3.4868
3.2889
3.1381
2.9521
2.8191
2.7894

8.5703
7.9989
7.4276
6.8562
6.2849
5.8049
5.7135
5.1422
4.7993
4.4565
4.1137
3.8699
3.7709
3.6955
3.4281
3.2336
3.0853
2.9025
2.7716
2.7425

8.4073
7.8468
7.2863
6.7258
6.1653
5.6945
5.6048
5.0444
4.7081
4.3718
4.0355
3.7963
3.6992
3.6252
3.3629
3.1721
3.0266
2.8473
2.7189
2.6903

8.2282
7.6797
7.1311
6.5826
6.0340
5.5733
5.4855
4.9369
4.6078
4.2787
3.9496
3.7155
3.6204
3.5480
3.2913
3.1045
2.9622
2.7866
2.6610
2.6330

8.0336
7.4980
6.9624
6.4269
5.8913
5.4414
5.3557
4.8201
4.4988
4.1775
3.8561
3.6276
3.5348
3.4641
3.2134
3.0311
2.8921
2.7207
2.5981
2.5707

0.5
50
45
42
39
36
0.75
33
4
30
3.5
27
1
3
24

2.75
22
1.25
2.5
20
2.25
18
1.5
2
16
1.875
15
1.75
1.75
14
1.625
13
2
1.5
12
1.4375
2.25
1.375
11
1.3125
2.5
10
2.75
1.125
9
1.0625
3
1
8
0.9375
3.5
0.875
7
0.8125
6.5
4
0.75
6
4.5
0.6875
5.5
0.667
5
0.625
5
0.5625

2.6624
2.6344
2.4332
2.4204
2.3949
2.1783
2.1554
2.0277
1.9363
1.9159
1.8153
1.7962
1.7380
1.6943
1.6764
1.5732
1.5567
1.5208
1.4522
1.4369
1.3917
1.3518
1.3312
1.3172
1.2707
1.2166
1.1975
1.1060
1.0892
1.0777
1.0287
1.0138
0.9681
0.9580
0.9076
0.8690
0.8471
0.8382
0.7866
0.7783
0.7604
0.7261
0.7185
0.6759
0.6656
0.6586
0.6458
0.6083
0.6051
0.5987
0.5446

2.6227
2.5951
2.3970
2.3843
2.3592
2.1459
2.1233
1.9975
1.9074
1.8874
1.7882
1.7694
1.7121
1.6690
1.6514
1.5498
1.5335
1.4981
1.4306
1.4155
1.3710
1.3316
1.3114
1.2976
1.2518
1.1985
1.1796
1.0895
1.0729
1.0616
1.0133
0.9987
0.9537
0.9437
0.8941
0.8561
0.8345
0.8257
0.7749
0.7667
0.7490
0.7153
0.7078
0.6658
0.6557
0.6488
0.6361
0.5992
0.5961
0.5898
0.5365

2.5842
2.5570
2.3617
2.3492
2.3245
2.1143
2.0921
1.9681
1.8794
1.8596
1.7619
1.7434
1.6869
1.6445
1.6272
1.5270
1.5109
1.4761
1.4095
1.3947
1.3508
1.3121
1.2921
1.2785
1.2333
1.1809
1.1623
1.0735
1.0572
1.0460
0.9984
0.9840
0.9397
0.9298
0.8810
0.8435
0.8222
0.8136
0.7635
0.7555
0.7380
0.7048
0.6974
0.6560
0.6460
0.6392
0.6268
0.5904
0.5873
0.5811
0.5286

2.5407
2.5139
2.3220
2.3097
2.2854
2.0787
2.0569
1.9350
1.8478
1.8283
1.7323
1.7141
1.6585
1.6168
1.5998
1.5013
1.4855
1.4512
1.3858
1.3712
1.3281
1.2900
1.2703
1.2570
1.2126
1.1610
1.1427
1.0554
1.0394
1.0284
0.9816
0.9675
0.9239
0.9142
0.8661
0.8293
0.8084
0.7999
0.7507
0.7428
0.7256
0.6929
0.6856
0.6450
0.6352
0.6285
0.6162
0.5805
0.5774
0.5714
0.5197

2.4923
2.4661
2.2778
2.2658
2.2419
2.0392
2.0177
1.8982
1.8126
1.7935
1.6993
1.6815
1.6270
1.5860
1.5694
1.4728
1.4573
1.4236
1.3595
1.3452
1.3028
1.2654
1.2462
1.2331
1.1895
1.1389
1.1210
1.0354
1.0196
1.0089
0.9630
0.9491
0.9063
0.8968
0.8497
0.8135
0.7930
0.7847
0.7364
0.7286
0.7118
0.6797
0.6726
0.6327
0.6231
0.6165
0.6045
0.5695
0.5664
0.5605
0.5098

2.4393
2.4136
2.2293
2.2175
2.1942
1.9958
1.9748
1.8578
1.7740
1.7554
1.6631
1.6456
1.5924
1.5523
1.5359
1.4414
1.4262
1.3933
1.3305
1.3165
1.2751
1.2385
1.2196
1.2068
1.1642
1.1147
1.0971
1.0133
0.9979
0.9874
0.9424
0.9289
0.8870
0.8777
0.8316
0.7962
0.7761
0.7680
0.7207
0.7131
0.6967
0.6653
0.6583
0.6193
0.6098
0.6034
0.5916
0.5573
0.5544
0.5485
0.4989

2.3816
2.3565
2.1766
2.1651
2.1423
1.9486
1.9281
1.8138
1.7321
1.7138
1.6238
1.6067
1.5547
1.5155
1.4996
1.4073
1.3925
1.3604
1.2990
1.2854
1.2449
1.2092
1.1908
1.1783
1.1367
1.0883
1.0711
0.9893
0.9743
0.9640
0.9202
0.9069
0.8660
0.8569
0.8119
0.7773
0.7578
0.7498
0.7036
0.6962
0.6802
0.6495
0.6427
0.6046
0.5954
0.5891
0.5776
0.5441
0.5413
0.5356
0.4871

4.5
6
0.5
4
3.75
7
0.4375
3.5
3.25
0.4
8
0.375
3
9
2.75
0.333
10
0.3125
2.5
0.286
11
2.25
12
0.25
2
13
14
0.222
1.75
15
0.2
16
0.1875
1.5
17
18
0.167
19
20
1.25
22
24
1
26
28
0.9
30
0.8
32
34
36

0.5389
0.5069
0.4841
0.4790
0.4490
0.4345
0.4236
0.4191
0.3892
0.3873
0.3802
0.3631
0.3592
0.3379
0.3293
0.3224
0.3042
0.3025
0.2994
0.2769
0.2765
0.2694
0.2535
0.2420
0.2395
0.2340
0.2173
0.2149
0.2096
0.2028
0.1936
0.1901
0.1815
0.1796
0.1789
0.1690
0.1617
0.1601
0.1521
0.1497
0.1383
0.1267
0.1197
0.1170
0.1086
0.1078
0.1014
0.0958
0.0950
0.0895
0.0845

0.5308
0.4994
0.4769
0.4718
0.4424
0.4280
0.4173
0.4129
0.3834
0.3815
0.3745
0.3576
0.3539
0.3329
0.3244
0.3176
0.2996
0.2980
0.2949
0.2728
0.2724
0.2654
0.2497
0.2384
0.2359
0.2305
0.2140
0.2117
0.2064
0.1997
0.1907
0.1873
0.1788
0.1769
0.1762
0.1665
0.1593
0.1577
0.1498
0.1475
0.1362
0.1248
0.1180
0.1152
0.1070
0.1062
0.0999
0.0944
0.0936
0.0881
0.0832

0.5230
0.4920
0.4698
0.4649
0.4358
0.4217
0.4111
0.4068
0.3777
0.3759
0.3690
0.3524
0.3487
0.3280
0.3196
0.3129
0.2952
0.2937
0.2906
0.2688
0.2684
0.2615
0.2460
0.2349
0.2325
0.2271
0.2109
0.2086
0.2034
0.1968
0.1879
0.1845
0.1762
0.1743
0.1737
0.1640
0.1569
0.1554
0.1476
0.1453
0.1342
0.1230
0.1162
0.1135
0.1054
0.1046
0.0984
0.0930
0.0923
0.0868
0.0820

0.5142
0.4837
0.4619
0.4571
0.4285
0.4146
0.4042
0.3999
0.3714
0.3696
0.3628
0.3465
0.3428
0.3225
0.3142
0.3077
0.2902
0.2887
0.2857
0.2642
0.2639
0.2571
0.2419
0.2310
0.2285
0.2233
0.2073
0.2051
0.2000
0.1935
0.1848
0.1814
0.1732
0.1714
0.1707
0.1612
0.1543
0.1528
0.1451
0.1428
0.1319
0.1209
0.1143
0.1116
0.1037
0.1028
0.0967
0.0914
0.0907
0.0854
0.0806

0.5044
0.4745
0.4532
0.4484
0.4204
0.4068
0.3965
0.3923
0.3643
0.3625
0.3559
0.3399
0.3363
0.3164
0.3083
0.3018
0.2847
0.2832
0.2802
0.2592
0.2588
0.2522
0.2373
0.2266
0.2242
0.2190
0.2034
0.2012
0.1962
0.1898
0.1813
0.1780
0.1699
0.1681
0.1675
0.1582
0.1514
0.1499
0.1424
0.1401
0.1294
0.1186
0.1121
0.1095
0.1017
0.1009
0.0949
0.0897
0.0890
0.0837
0.0791

0.4937
0.4644
0.4435
0.4388
0.4114
0.3981
0.3881
0.3840
0.3566
0.3548
0.3483
0.3326
0.3291
0.3096
0.3017
0.2954
0.2787
0.2772
0.2743
0.2537
0.2533
0.2468
0.2322
0.2218
0.2194
0.2144
0.1990
0.1969
0.1920
0.1858
0.1774
0.1742
0.1663
0.1646
0.1639
0.1548
0.1481
0.1467
0.1393
0.1371
0.1267
0.1161
0.1097
0.1072
0.0995
0.0987
0.0929
0.0878
0.0871
0.0820
0.0774

0.4820
0.4535
0.4330
0.4285
0.4017
0.3887
0.3789
0.3749
0.3481
0.3464
0.3401
0.3248
0.3213
0.3023
0.2946
0.2884
0.2721
0.2706
0.2678
0.2477
0.2473
0.2410
0.2267
0.2165
0.2142
0.2093
0.1943
0.1923
0.1875
0.1814
0.1732
0.1700
0.1624
0.1607
0.1600
0.1512
0.1446
0.1432
0.1360
0.1339
0.1237
0.1134
0.1071
0.1046
0.0972
0.0964
0.0907
0.0857
0.0850
0.0800
0.0756

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

0.0838
0.0718
0.0599
0.0479
0.0359

0.0826
0.0708
0.0590
0.0472
0.0354

0.0814
0.0697
0.0581
0.0465
0.0349

0.0800
0.0686
0.0571
0.0457
0.0343

0.0785
0.0673
0.0560
0.0448
0.0336

0.0768
0.0658
0.0549
0.0439
0.0329

0.0750
0.0643
0.0536
0.0428
0.0321

This is a chart of formulas used in calculating spur gear information based on standard
gearing practices. The spur gear formulas here are based on the "Diametral Pitch system
(DP).
These formulas can be used with Circular Pitch and Module systems by first converting them
to the Diametral Pitch (Click here for a calculator)
To convert a circular pitch (CP) to DP - Divide 3.1416 by the circular pitch
To convert the module (Mod) to DP - Divide the 25.4 by the module
To Get
Diametral Pitch

Diametral Pitch

Diametral Pitch

Diametral Pitch

Having
The circular pitch

Pitch diameter
Number of
teeth

Outside
diameter
Number of
teeth

Base pitch
Pressure
angle

Number of
teeth
Diametral

Pitch Diameter

Rule
Divide
3.1416 by
the circular
pitch
Divide the
number of
teeth by the
pitch
diameter
Divide
number of
teeth + 2 by
the outside
diameter
Divide the
base pitch
by the
cosine of
the
pressure
angle then
divide by
3.1416
Divide the
number of
teeth by the

Formula

Pd = 3.1416 / CP

Pd = N / D

Pd = (N+2) / OD

Pd = (BP / Cos PA) / 3.1416

D = N / Pd

pitch

Pitch Diameter

Pitch Diameter

Pitch Diameter

Pitch Diameter

Outside Diameter

Outside Diameter

Outside Diameter

Outside Diameter

Number Of Teeth

Number of
teeth
Outside
diameter

Outside
diameter
Diametral
pitch

Addendum
Number of
teeth

Base diameter
Pressure
angle

Number of
teeth
Diametral
pitch

Pitch diameter
Diametral
pitch

Pitch diameter
Number of
teeth

Number of
teeth
Addendum

Pitch diameter
Diametral
pitch

diametral
pitch
Divide the
product of
the outside
diameter +
number of
teeth by the
number of
teeth + 2
Subtract 2
divided by
the
diametral
pitch from
the outside
diameter
Multiply
addendum
by the
number of
teeth
Divide the
base
diameter by
the cosine
of the
pressure
angle
Divide
number of
teeth + 2 by
the
diametral
pitch
Two divided
by the
diametral
pitch plus
pitch
diameter
Number of
teeth + 2,
divided by
the quotient
of number
of teeth
divided by
the pitch
diameter
Multiply the
number of
teeth + 2 by
the
addendum
Multiply the
pitch
diameter by
the

D = (OD x N) / (N+2)

D = OD - (2/ Pd)

D=AxN

D = BD / (Cos Pa)

OD = (N+2) / Pd

OD = (2 / Pd) + D

OD = (N+2) / (N / D)

OD = (N + 2) x A

N = D x Pd

diametral
pitch

Number Of Teeth

Thickness Of Tooth

Addendum

Dedendum

Working Depth

Whole Depth

Clearance

Clearance

Operating Diametral Pitch

Center Distance

Outside
diameter
Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch

C.D. between
both gears
Number of
teeth in each

Normal
diametral pitch
Number of
teeth in both
gears

Multiply the
outside
diameter by
the
diametral
pitch and
subtract 2
Divide
1.5708 by
the
diametral
pitch
Divide 1 by
the
diametral
pitch
Divide
1.157 (or
1.25) by the
diametral
pitch
Divide 2 by
the
diametral
pitch
Divide
2.157 (or
2.25) by the
diametral
pitch
Divide .157
(or .250) by
the
diametral
pitch
Divide
thickness of
tooth at the
pitchline by
10
Add the
number of
teeth in
both gears
and divide
by 2 then
divide by
the center
distance
Add the
number of
teeth in
both gears
and divide
by 2 then
divide by
the normal

N = (OD x Pd) - 2

t = 1.5708 / Pd

a = 1 / Pd

b = 1.157 / Pd

hk = 2 / Pd

ht = 2.157 / Pd

c = .157 / Pd

c = t / 10

PdO = ((n1 + n2)/2) / C

C = ((n1 + n2)/2) / Pnd

diametral
pitch

Operating Center Distance

Base Diameter

Pressure Angle

Pressure Angle

Base Pitch

Operating
diametral pitch
Number of
teeth in both
gears

Pitch diameter
Pressure
angle

Base diameter
Pitch diameter

Base pitch
Diametral
pitch

Diametral
pitch
Pressure
angle

Add the
number of
teeth in
both gears
and divide
by 2 then
divide by
the
operating
diametral
pitch
Multiply the
pitch
diameter by
the cosine
of the
pressure
angle
Divide the
base
diameter by
the pitch
diameter
Divide Pi by
the
diametral
pitch, then
divide by
the base
pitch
Divide the
diametral
pitch by Pi,
then
multiply by
the cosine
of the
pressure
angle

Co = ((n1 + n2)/2) / Pod

Db = PD x (cos PA)

cosPA = Db / D

cosPA = (3.1416 / Pd) / Pb

Pb = (Pd / 3.1416) x (cos PA)