HEAT TRANSPORT Homework 1 FALL 12 Due: August 29, 2012 PROBLEM 1-1 (Text Ex 1-4) GIVEN: 1.

A house has a floor space of 2000 ft2 and an average height of 9 ft at sea level where the atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia. 2. Initially the house is at a temperature of -20F. The house is heated to an average temperature of 70F. 3. The cost of electricity is $0.10/ kWh. REQD: 1. Determine the amount of heat transferred to the air assuming the house is airtight and thus no air escapes during the heating process. 2. Determine the amount of heat transferred to the air assuming the house is not airtight and air escapes as the air in the house expands at a constant pressure. 3. Determine the cost of this electricity for both cases.

Carter 8/29/12

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER;HEAT;F12;HW 1-1 * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa
Status

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

V=Af *h; calculate the volume of air in the house m=P*V/(R*T1); Calculate the mass of the air in the house Eincv=Uair; energy input at constant volume (eq. 1-4, p8) Uair=m*Cv*(T2-T1); change in internal energy (eq. 1-14, p.12) Eincp=Hair; energy input at constant pressure (eq.1-4, p8) Hair=m*Cp*(T2-T1); Change in enthalpy (eq. 1-4, p8) Cost1=Eincv*Unitcost/3412; cost at constant volume Cost2=Eincp*Unitcost/3412; cost at constant pressure
Input Name Output Unit Comment CARTER;HEAT;F12;HW 1-1 DIMENSIONS Floor Area, ft^2 Height, ft VOLUME Volume of air in the house, ft^3 MASS Mass of ait in the house, lbm PRESSURE Pressure at Sea Level, psia TEMPERATURE Intial Temperature, R Final Temperature, R CONSTANTS Gas Constant for Air, psia*f t^3/lbm*R Specif ic Heat of Air at constant volume, Btu/lbm*R Specif ic Heat of Air at constant pressure, Btu/lbm*R ENERGY CALCULATIONS Case 1 Change in internal energy, B tu Energy input at constant volume, Btu Case 2 Change in enthalpy Energy input at constant, B tu COST CALCULATIONS Cost of electicity, $/kWh Cost at constant volume, $ Cost at constant pressure, $

2000 9

Af h V m 18000 1623.55193

14.7 440 530 .3704 .171 .2404

P T1 T2 R Cv Cp

Uair Eincv Hair Eincp .1 Unitcost Cost1 Cost2

24986.4643 24986.4643 35127.1696 35127.1696

.732311379 1.02951845

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

PROBLEM 1-2 (Text 1-55) GIVEN: 1. A 4-m X 7-m brick wall has inner and outer surfaces maintained at temperatures of 20C and 5C respectively. 2. Thermal conductivity of the wall is .69 W/m*K. 3. The thickness of the wall is 30 cm. REQD: 1. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall.

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-2 * Unsa * Unsa

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

A=L*H; Heat Transfer Area Qcond=k*A*(T1-T2)/x; Rate of Conductive Heat Transf er (eq. 1-21, p18)

Status

Input

Name

Output

Unit

4 7 .3 20 5 .69

A L H x T1 T2 k Qcond

28

966

Comment CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-2 DIMENSIONS Heat Transf er Area, m^2 Length, m height, m thickness, m TEMPERATURE inneer wall temperature, degrees C outer wass temperature, degrees C MATERIAL PROPERTIES thermal conductivity, W/m*K HEAT FLOW Rate of Conductive Heat Transf er, W

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

PROBLEM 1-3 (Text 1-97) GIVEN: 1. Inner and outer surfaces of a 25-cm wall are at 27C and 44C respectively. 2. Outer wall exchanges heat by radiation and convection with the surrounding air at 40C with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 8 W/m2* C. 3. Solar radiation is incident on the surface at a rate of 150 W/m2. 4. s = = 0.8 REQD: 1. Determine the thermal conductivity of the wall.

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-3; * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa
Status

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

Qrad=Qemit+Qconv+Q cond Qrad=s*Q incident; heat absorbed as radiation per unit area (eq. 1-27, p28) Qemit=**(Ts^4-Tsur^4); Heat emitted as radiation per unit area (eq.1-28, p29) Qconv=h*(Ts-Tsur); Convective heat transfer (eq. 1-24, p26) Qcond=k*(Ts-T2)/x; Conduction heat transfer (eq. 1-21, p18)
Input Name Output Unit Comment ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-3; CONSTANTS Solar Absorptivity Emissivity Stef an-B oltzmann constant, W/ m^2*K^4 Convection Heat transf er coef ficient, W/m^2*deg C Thermal Conductivity, W/m*deg C TEMPERATURES Wall outer surface temperature, degrees K Surrounding temperature, degrees K Wall inner surface temperature, degrees K DIMENSIONS Wall thickness, m HEAT CALCUTIONS Solar radiation incident on wall RATE OF HEAT FLOW Heat absorbed as Radiation, W/m^2 Heat emitted as Radiation, W/m^2 Convection heat transfer, W/ m^2 Conduction heat transf er, W/ m^2

.8 .8 5.67E-8 8

s h k Ts Tsur T2 x Qincident Qrad Qemit Qconv Qcond

.960512084

317 313 300 .25 150

120 22.6851783 32 65.3148217

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

PROBLEM 1-4 (Text 1-121) GIVEN: 1. Refrigerator has dimensions of 1.8 m X 1.2 m X .8 m and walls 3 cm thick. 2. The refrigerator consumes 600 W of power when operating, has a COP of 1.5, and operates for 5 minutes then is off for 15 minutes. 3. The average temperatures of the inner and outer walls surfaces are 6C and 17C respectively. 4. The unit cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh. REQD: 1. Determine the average thermal conductivity of the refrigerator walls. 2. Determine the annual cost of operating the refrigerator.

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-4; * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa A=2*w*l+2*w*h+2*l*h; Heat transf er area

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

Qr_ref=Q cons*COP*Fon; Power supplied Qcond=Qr_ref Qcond=k*A*(T2-T1)/x; Conductive Heat Transf er (eq. 1-21, p18) Cost=unit_cost*hours*Q cons/1000; annual cost of operation

Status

Input

Name

Output

Unit

1.2 .8 1.8 .03

w l h x A k Fon COP T2 T1 Qcons Qr_ref Qcond Cost unit_cost hours 9.12 .067284689

.25 1.5 17 6 600

225 225 105.12

.08 2190

Comment ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-4 DIMENSIONS width, m length, m height, m wall thickness,m AREA Heat Transf er Area, m^2 CONSTANTS and GIVEN VALUES average thermal conductivity, W/m *deg C Fraction ref rigerator is on coef f icient of performance TEMPERATURES Outer surf ace temperature, deg C Inner surface temperature, deg C CALCULATIONS Power Cosumed, W Power Supplied, W Conductive Heat Transfer, W COST annual cost of operation, $ unit cost of electricity, $/kWh hours the refrigerator is running

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

PROBLEM 1-5 (Text 1-152) GIVEN: 1. An electric resistance wire is 30 cm long and has a diameter of .5 cm with a surface temperature of 230C when the electric power consumption is 180 W. 2. Air temperature is 25C. 3. The radiation heat loss is 60W. 4. The unit cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh. REQD: 1. The convection heat transfer coefficient is: a) 186 W/m2 * C b) 158 W/m2 * C c) 124 W/m2 * C d) 248 W/m2 * C 2 e) 390 W/m * C

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-5; * Unsa * Unsa * Unsa
Status

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

As=*d*l; Heat transfer area Qcons=Qrad+Qconv; Energy Balance Qconv=h*As*(Ts-Tsur); Convective heat f low (eq. 1-24, p26)
Input Name Output Unit Comment ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-5 DIMENSIONS Diameter, m Length, m Heat transfer area, m^2 CONSTANTS Pi Convection heat transfer coeff icient, W/m^2*deg C TEMPERATURES Surface temperature, deg C Temperature of surrounding, deg C HEAT FLOWS Electric power consumption, W Radiation heat loss, W Convective heat loss, W

.005 .3

d l As h Ts Tsur Qcons Qrad Qconv

.004712385

3.14159

124.218597

230 25 180 60

120

10

HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

PROBLEM 1-6 GIVEN: 1. A light bulb capable of producing 50W of heat has a diameter of 5.7cm and transmits 90% of the heat through the glass. 2. The surrounding air temperature is 25C. 3. k= 0.0307 W/m* C 4. =.9 REQD: 1. Determine the equilibrium temperature of a glass bulb

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HEAT TRANSPORT FALL 12

Status Rule Comm ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-6; Sati Sati Sati Sati Sati Sati Sati
Status

Homework 1 Due: August 29, 2012

Carter 8/29/12

A= Pi()*L^2 Ral=(g**(Ts-Ta)*(L^3)*Pr)/v^2 =1/((Ts+Ta)/2) Nu=2+(.589*Ral^.25)/((1+(.469/Pr)^(9/16))^(4/9)) h=(k*Nu)/L q=h*(Ts-Ta)+**(Ts^4-Ta^4) q=Q/A

Input Name Output Unit Comment ;CARTER; HEAT; F12; HW 1-6; CONSTANTS emissivity, unitless Thermal Conductivity, W/m*K Boltzmann Constant, (W/m^2)*K^4 Prandtl Number, unitless Gravity, m/s^2 Length of the bulb surf ace, m Kinematic Viscosity, (m^2)/s TEMPERATURE Ambient temperature, K Surface Temperature, K DIMENSIONS Surface Area of the Light Bulb, m^2 HEAT FLOWS Heat Flux, W/m^2 Heat transmitted to air by light bulb, W PROPERTIES Rayleigh Number, unitless Thermal Expansion Coeff icient, K^-1 Nusselt Number, unitless Convection Heat Transfer Coef f icient, W/m^2*C

.9 .03113 5.67E-8 .7106 9.81 .057 .00002333 298.15

k Pr g L v Ta Ts A q Q Ral Nu h

492.841535 .010207035 4408.72419

45

1167601.19 .002528472 16.9413335 9.2523458

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