SD 315

Field Density Determination of Asphalt Concrete By the Coring Method

1.

Scope: This procedure is for determining the density of in place asphalt concrete pavement.

2.

Apparatus: 2.1 Scale or Balance having the capacity to weigh any sample which may be tested utilizing this procedure and readable to the nearest 0.1 Gram. The scale or balance shall be equipped with a suitable suspension apparatus and holder to permit weighing the sample while suspended from the center of the scale pan of the weighing device. Coring device capable of getting a minimum 4 (100 mm) diameter core from the pavement. Diamond tipped blade cut off saw capable of sawing the 4" (100 mm) or larger core on the correct lift line without distortion and damage to the core. The water bath for immersing the sample shall be equipped with an overflow outlet for maintaining a constant water level. An aquarium heater will suffice to control the temperature of the water bath at 77 2 F (25 1 C). The water bath must be large enough to allow the suspension apparatus holder to be covered with water at all times. The sample and suspension apparatus must be completely covered with water during weighing. The wire suspending the suspension apparatus shall be the smallest practical size to minimize any possible effects of a variable immersed length.

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.

Procedure: 3.1 Randomly select 2 core sites per 1000 ton sublot and mark for the Contractor to core. Adjust the random core locations falling within one foot (0.3 m) of the pavement edge to one foot (0.3 m) from the pavement edge. Exercise care when removing the core from the pavement to prevent distortion or cracking. Label the core sample. After removing the core, fill the hole in the pavement before the end of the next working day with mix and tamp to a density, which will be close to that of the surrounding pavement.

3.2

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SD 315 Page 2 3.3 Transport the cores to the field laboratory site. Measure the core lift or lifts to the nearest .05 inch or 1/16" (1 mm) and record the measurements on a core dry back worksheet (DOT-8). Remove the pavement lift of interest from the core by using a cut off or masonry saw with a diamond tipped blade. Inspect the core for damage. Record the sawed core thickness on line (A) of the core dry back worksheet (DOT-8). Weigh the core and record the apparent dry weight to the nearest 0.1 gram on line (B). NOTE: Cores and pucks shall be weighed individually. 3.5 Immerse each core in water at 77 2 F (25 1 C) for 3 to 3.5 minutes and record the submersed weight to the nearest 0.1 gram on line (C). Maintain a constant level of water in the water bath at the overflow outlet through the entire test procedure. Remove each core from the water and surface dry by blotting with a damp terry cloth towel and record the saturated surface-dry mass to the nearest 0.1 gram on line (D). Calculate the volume of the core (D-C). Record on line (E). NOTE: Cores have taken on water from the coring and sawing process. The following procedure must be used to get the water out of the cores. Dry each core to a constant weight by drying in an oven to determine the actual core dry weight. Constant weight is defined as when drying at 230 9 F (110 5 C) does not alter the apparent dry weight by more than 0.1 percent when weighed at the initial 2 hour interval and then at 1 hour intervals thereafter. 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 Record the pan number on line (F). Record the weight of the pan to the nearest 0.1 gram on line (G). Place the core in the pan and place in an oven at 230 9 F for 2 hours. After the 2 hour period, record the weight of the core and the pan to the nearest 0.1 gram on the first time space on line (J). Place the core and pan back in the oven and weigh at 1 hour intervals until the core has reached a constant weight. Constant weight is attained when the weight loss is within 0.1 percent of the apparent dry weight. Calculate the amount of allowable loss (B * .001) to the nearest 0.1 gram. Record on line (M).

3.4

3.6

3.7

3.12

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SD 315 Page 3 3.13 After a constant weight has been attained, cool the pan and core to room temperature. Record the weight to the nearest 0.1 gram on line (N). Determine the actual dry weight of the core (N-G). Record on line (H). Determine the core bulk specific gravity (H/E) to the nearest 0.001. Record on line (I). Determine the moisture in the core (D-H). Record on line (K). Calculate the percent water absorbed by volume (K/E * 100) to the nearest 0.1 percent. Record on line (L).

3.14 3.15

3.16 3.17

Example for determining coring locations using QC/QA stratified random sampling procedure. Each 1000 ton sublot is divided into two 500 ton sections of pavement (one core per 500 ton). Using a random number table generate two random numbers to determine the location for each core. The first random number determines the tonnage into the sublot where the core will be taken. The second random number determines the offset distance from the centerline for the core. The station of the random tonnage can be taken from the asphalt checkers weigh tickets. Round the longitudinal distances to the nearest foot (0.3 m) and the offset distances to the nearest 0.5 foot (0.1 m). The table shows a method using random numbers to determine the core stationing and offset distance from the beginning tonnage of the lot. The tonnage corresponds to the station, which is on the asphalt checkers weigh ticket. Note that the whole lot does not need to be completed prior to determining the coring locations for each individual core.

Core Site 1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B 5A 5B

Longitudinal Location random # tonnage station 0 + 500 + 1,000 + 1,500 + 2,000 + 2,500 + 3,000 + 3,500 + 4,000 + 4,500 + (500 x 0.57) = 285 ton; 83+86 (500 x 0.90) = 950 ton; 97+21 (500 x 0.47) = 1235 ton; 102+90 (500 x 0.07) = 1535 ton; 108+88 (500 x 0.87) = 2435 ton; 126+94 (500 x 0.90) = 2950 ton; 137+17 (500 x 0.88) = 3440 ton; 146+95 (500 x 0.19) = 3595 ton; 150+10 (500 x 0.34) = 4170 ton; 161+61 (500 x 0.85) = 4925 ton; 176+66

Distance from Centerline

12 x 0.82 = 9.7; 12 x 0.34 = 4.1; 12 x 0.68 = 8.2; 12 x 0.24 = 2.9; 12 x 0.42 = 5.0; 12 x 0.88 = 10.4; 12 x 0.97 = 11.5*; 12 x 0.70 = 8.3; 12 x 0.36 = 4.2; 12 x 0.23 = 2.6;

9.5 Lt. 4 Lt. 8 Lt. 3 Lt. 5 Lt. 10.5 Lt. 11 Lt. 8.5 Lt. 4 Lt. 2.5 Lt.

* Any transverse distance closer than one (1) foot ( 0.3 m) from either edge is moved to one (1) foot ( 0.3 m) from the edge of the top paving width.

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SD 315 Page 4

The cores are taken by the contractor with the Quality Assurance technician witnessing the coring operation and transporting the cores back to the lab for testing. The cores shall be measured and then separated on the lift line by means of sawing with a diamond blade cut off or masonry saw being careful not to damage the core. The density of each core is determined and the average core density for each 1,000 ton sublot is then determined. The average of the lots Maximum Specific Gravity (Rice) tests is used to compute the lot average density.

4.

Report: 4.1 Calculate the Bulk Specific Gravity to the nearest 0.001. A B-C A= B= C= 4.2 Mass in grams of the dry core in air. Mass in grams of the saturated surface dry core in air. Mass in grams of the core submersed in water.

Calculate the core density percent of Standard to the nearest 0.01 by dividing the core bulk specific gravity by the lot's average maximum theoretical specific gravity. Calculate the average density percent of standard of the two cores to the nearest 0.1. Report the results on a DOT-42Q.

4.3

4.4

5.

References: DOT-42Q DOT-8

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SD 315 Page 5
DOT-8 (09-11) ASPHALT CONCRETE CORE DRY BACK WORKSHEET PROJECT TESTED BY MATERIAL TYPE
Steps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Measure and record the thickness of the core and all lifts prior to sawing. (average of 4 locations around core) Saw the lift to be tested from the core and record thickness (A). Using SD 315, record the core apparent dry weight in air (B), the submersed weight under water (C), and the saturated surface dry weight in air (D) to the nearest 0.1 gram. Calculate the volume of the core (E). Record the pan number (F). Weigh and record the weight of the pan to the nearest 0.1 gram (G). Place the core and pan in an oven at 230 9 F for 2 hours. After the 2 hour period, record the weight of the core and the pan to the nearest 0.1gram. Record the time of weighing in column (J). Place the core and pan back in the oven and weigh at 1 hour intervals until the core has reached a constant weight. Constant weight is attained when the weight loss is within 0.1 percent of the apparent dry weight. Calculate the amount of allowable loss (M). After the above constant weight has been reached, cool the pan and core to room temperature, record the weight (N), and then determine the actual dry weight of the core (H). Perform Calculations (I), (K), and (L). Core measurement before sawing Core Number 1 st lift measured thickness lift measured thickness lift measured thickness 2.000 2.100 2.150 2.150 2.100 2.000 2.250 2.000 2.100 2.150 5.00 5.50 5.40 5.45 4.50 6.00 6.25 5.40 5.20 4.50

P 0000(00)00 Jim Jones Q2

COUNTY CHECKED BY Bob Hofer

Any TEST DATE

PCN

1234

7-1-10 & 7-2-10

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M.

Sawed core thickness: Apparent dry weight in air: Submersed weight in water: SSD weight in air: Volume of core: (D - C) Pan number: Weight of pan: Actual dry weight: (N - G) Core bulk specific gravity: (H / E) Moisture in core: (D - H) Percent water absorbed by volume: (K / E) * 100 Maximum allowable weight loss in 1 hour: (B x 0.001) Time (J) 8:00 AM 10:00 AM weigh, allow the core & pan to cool to room temp. before weighing for the final time (N) 11:00 AM NOON 1:00 PM

1.95 943.8 535.3 946.7 411.4 1 162.4 940.7 2.287 6.0 1.5 0.9

2.05 948.8 534.5 951.2 416.7 2 165.3 945.7 2.269 5.5 1.3 0.9

2.05 951.2 538.1 953.6 415.5 3 162.7 949.2 2.284 4.4 1.1 1.0

2.10 959.9 545.3 962.5 417.2 4 164.5 959.1 2.299 3.4 0.8 1.0

2.05 957.2 538.1 958.4 420.3 5 165.4 952.6 2.266 5.8 1.4 1.0

1.90 941.8 530.6 942.9 412.3 6 167.1 937.6 2.274 5.3 1.3 0.9

2.20 956.9 538.7 958.1 419.4 7 163.6 952.1 2.270 6.0 1.4 1.0

1.95 945.2 526.2 947.8 421.6 8 164.8 942.7 2.236 5.1 1.2 0.9

2.00 946.3 535.6 948.1 412.5 9 165.1 943.7 2.288 4.4 1.1 0.9

2.10 955.8 539.6 958.6 419.0 10 164.2 953.5 2.276 5.1 1.2 1.0

Core Drying Weigh Back Area

After reaching constant

1107.7 1105.9 1103.7 1102.9

1114.9 1112.9 1111.2 1110.8

1114.8 1112.7 1111.9

1125.8 1124.1 1123.4

1121.9 1119.5 1118.2 1117.9

1108.5 1106.9 1105.2 1104.5

1120.9 1118.4 1116.2 1115.5

1110.9 1108.6 1107.6 1107.3

1111.6 1109.5 1108.7

1121.8 1119.2 1118.1 1117.5

N.

Weight of cooled core and pan

1103.1

1111.0

1111.9

1123.6

1118.0

1104.7

1115.7

1107.5

1108.8

1117.7

Figure 1

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SD 315 Page 6

DOT - 42Q

DENSITY REPORT - BITUMINOUS SURFACING

FILE NUMBER

( 9-10)

P 0000(00)0 Any 1234 PCN COUNTY Q MVT 1 of 2 2 inches THICKNESS LIFT 6.0 45+51 16.2 STATION ACTUAL FINISHED WIDTH % ASPHALT BINDER Jim Jones ABC 7-1 & 2-00 TESTED BY CHECKED BY DATE(S) 91.0 to 96.0 SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENT - PERCENT OF STANDARD REQUIRED
PROJECT CLASS AND TYPE LOT NUMBER CORE SITE LENGTH

LOT LOCATION STA.

24970'

LOT WIDTH

0+00 Left TO STA. 16' QUANTITY REPRESENTED

249+70 5000 tons

Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity

Sublot No. Max. Sp. Gr.

1
2.475

2
2.477

3
2.481

4
2.475

5
2.482

Lot Average Maximum Specific Gravity (Standard)

2.478

IN-PLACE DENSITY MEASUREMENT

PERCENT OF STANDARD (Core Bulk Specific Gravity / Lot Average Maximum Specific Gravity) x 100
Core Sublot No.
Submersed

Height

Random Number

Cumulative Station for Tonnage Core

Random Number

Distance from C/L

Actual Dry Weight

Weight in Water

SSD Weight

Core Bulk Specific Gravity

Percent of Standard

Average Percent of Standard

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B 5A 5B

1.95 2.05 2.05 2.10 2.05 1.90 2.20 1.95 2.00 2.10

0.35 0.33 0.80 0.20 0.92 0.53 0.45 0.50 0.01 0.48

175 665 1400 1600 2460 2765 3225 3750 4005 4740

8+75 33+90 69+20 79+39 122+97 139+26 161+85 190+34 201+47 238+41

0.00 0.53 0.55 0.90 0.27 0.42 0.29 0.15 0.83 0.55

*1.0 8.5 9.0 14.5 4.5 6.5 4.5 2.5 13.5 9.0

940.7 945.7 949.2 959.1 952.6 937.6 952.1 942.7 943.7 953.5

535.3 534.5 538.1 545.3 538.1 530.6 538.7 526.2 535.6 539.6

946.7 951.2 953.6 962.5 958.4 942.9 958.1 947.8 948.1 958.6

2.287 2.269 2.284 2.299 2.266 2.274 2.270 2.236 2.288 2.276

92.29 91.57 92.17 92.78 91.44 91.77 91.61 90.23 92.33 91.85

91.9 92.5 91.6 90.9 92.1

Figure 2

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