Code No: R05222301 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Discuss in detail about Historical development of Bioprocess Technology.

[4+12]

2. After a batch fermentation, the system is dismantled and approximately 75% of

the cell mass is suspended in the liquid phase (2 litre), while 25% is attached
to the reactor walls and internals as a thick film. Work with radioactive tracers
shows that 50% of the target product (intracellular) is associated with each cell
fraction. The productivity of this reaction is 2 gm product per litre at the 2 litre
scale. What would be the productivity at 20,000 litre scale if both reactors had a
height-diameter ratio of 2 to 1. [16]

3. (a) Explain the use of water as an important constituent for fermentation.

(b) Describe the use of buffers for media preparation in fermentation. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the advantages of continuous sterilisation.

(b) What are the advantages of batch sterilisation. [8+8]

5. Determine the concentration and total amount of glucose and (NH4 )2 SO4 in the
nutrient medium in a batch reactor of 10000 liters volume with the growth of yeast
on glucose as per the equation given
C6 H12 O6 +3O2 +0.48NH3 − − − − − − −− → 0.48C6 H10 N03 +4.32H2 O + 3.12 CO2
Final yeast concentration of 49 gdw/l is required. [16]

6. (a) Discuss the role of control sites in aerobic glucose metabolism

(b) Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures. [8+8]

7. Enumerate in detail various environmental conditions that affect the growth kinet-
ics. [16]

8. Explain the concept of product formation in bioprocess engineering with appropri-

ate examples. [16]

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Code No: R05222301 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Discuss in detail about Chronological development of the fermentation industry.

[4+12]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. (a) What are the major sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in industrial
fermentation. [8]
(b) What are chelating agents? Explain their functions giving example. [2+6]
4. A medium containing a vitamin is to be sterilized. Assume that the number of
spores initially present is 105 /lit. The values of activation energy for the death of
the organism (E0d ) and pre-Arrhenius constant for the spores are:
Pre-Arrhenius constant = 1 x 1036 min-1
E0d = 65 kcal/g-mol
For the inactivation of the vitamin, the values of
E0d = 10 kcals/g-mol
pre-Arrhenius constant = 1x 104 min−1
The initial concentration of the vitamin is 30 mg/lit. Compare the amount of active
vitamin in the sterilized medium for 10 litre and 10,000 litre fermenters when broth
is sterilized at 121o C when we require in both the cases that the probability of an
unsuccessful fermentation be 0.001. Ignore the effects of heat up and cool-down
periods. [16]
5. Enumerate the difference in prediction of yield coefficients in anaerobic and anaer-
obic system with appropriate example. [16]
6. Explain the following:
(a) Control sites in metabolism [8]
(b) Transfer of bioenergy via ATP. [8]
7. Enumerate various environmental conditions that effect the growth kinetics. [16]
8. Give brief notes on structured models for growth and product formation with rel-
evant examples. [16]

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Code No: R05222301 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Write in detail about role of biotechnology in bioprocess Engineering. [4+12]

2. In a fed batch culture operating with an intermittent addition of glucose solution,

values of the following parameters are given at time t =2hours, when the system is
at quasi steady state. Culture volume (V) = 1 litre Substrate concentration (S0 ) =
100 gm glucose / litre Limiting rate constant (KS ) = 0.1 gm glucose / litre Initial
amount of biomass in the reactor (X0t ) = 30 gm Nutrient feed flow rate (F) = dv/dt
= 200 ml/hour Maximum specific growth rate = 0.3 h−1 Yield coefficient (YM x/s ) =
0.5 gm cells / gm glucose
Determine:

(a) the initial culture of the medium (V0 ).

(b) Determine the concentration of the growth limiting substrate in the vessel at
quasi steady state.
(c) Determine the concentration and total amount of biomass in the vessel at t
=2 hour (at quasi steady state).
(d) If specific rate of product formation (qp ) = 0.2 gm product/cells, P0 = 0 deter-
mine the concentration of the product in the vessel at t=2 hour. [4+4+4+4]

3. Explain the factors to be considered for developing medium for animal cell culture.
[16]

4. (a) What are the consequences if a foreign microorganism invade a fermentation

process.
(b) Explain the methods to avoid this contamination. [8+8]

5. Explain in detail the stoichiometry involved in the cell growth and product forma-
tion. [16]

6. Enumerate the major difference in photosynthesis between microbes and plants.

[16]

7. Explain the role of following parameters on growth kinetics

(a) Temperature
(b) Dissolved Oxygen
(c) pH. [5+6+5]

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Code No: R05222301 Set No. 3
8. Briefly discuss about the structured models for product formation and compare
with growth. [16]

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Code No: R05222301 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]

2. (a) What is meant by immobilisation of cells? What are the advantages of immo-
bilised cell culture over suspension cell culture? [2+4]
(b) What is active immobilisation? Explain various matrices used for active
immobilisation. [2+4]
(c) Describe the methods employed for active cell immobilisation. [4]

3. (a) What are the major sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in industrial
fermentation. [8]
(b) What are chelating agents? Explain their functions giving example. [2+6]

4. A medium containing a vitamin is to be sterilized. Assume that the number of

spores initially present is 105 /lit. The values of activation energy for the death of
the organism (E0d ) and pre-Arrhenius constant for the spores are:
Pre-Arrhenius constant = 1 x 1036 min-1
E0d = 65 kcal/g-mol
For the inactivation of the vitamin, the values of
E0d = 10 kcals/g-mol
pre-Arrhenius constant = 1x 104 min−1
The initial concentration of the vitamin is 30 mg/lit. Compare the amount of active
vitamin in the sterilized medium for 10 litre and 10,000 litre fermenters when broth
is sterilized at 121o C when we require in both the cases that the probability of an
unsuccessful fermentation be 0.001. Ignore the effects of heat up and cool-down
periods. [16]

5. Determine the yield coefficients (YX/S andYX/02 ) and total amount of oxygen re-
quired in a batch reactor of 10000 liters volume with the growth of yeast on glucose
as per the equation given
C6 H12 O6 +3O2 +0.48NH3 − − − − −− → 0.48C6 H10 N03 +4.32H2 O + 3.12CO2
Final yeast concentration of 47 gdw/l is required. [16]

6. Explain the following:

(a) Control sites in metabolism [8]

(b) Transfer of bioenergy via ATP. [8]

7. (a) Enumerate the difference between the cell growth in batch and continuos cul-
tures

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Code No: R05222301 Set No. 4
(b) Explain the kinetics of microbial growth. [8+8]

8. Explain the concept of product formation in bioprocess engineering with appropri-

ate examples. [16]

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