Code No: R05221003 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain with a block diagram an instrumentation system and explain the
function of various blocks.
(b) The dead-zone of a certain pyrometer is 0.125 percent of the span. The cal-
ibration is 800o C 1800o C. What temperature change must occur before it is
detected? [8+8]

2. (a) Discuss the principle of operation of strain gauge. What is gauge factor?
Compare some of the important characteristics of metallic and semiconductor
type strain gauges.
(b) Explain the working principle of potentiometer. Derive an expression for its
loading error. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms,also find the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance.
(b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in fig 3.
when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000Ω, R2 =
2000Ω , R3 = 100Ω . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with
R1 = 1000Ω, R2 = 2000Ω, and R3 = 99Ω. If the resistance of the earthed wire
is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred?
[10+6]

Figure 3

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 1
4. Explain the principle of operation of capacitive transducers based on variable di-
electric and variable area type. How do you measure liquid level using capacitive
transducer, explain. [16]

5. (a) Explain the working of Hay’s Bridge with the help of necessary equations also
state any one of its applications.
(b) Explain the working of carrier amplifier. Also state the applications of it.
[8+8]

6. (a) The power radiated from a hot piece of metals was measured by the radiation
pyrometer and the temperature was determined 8200 C assuming a surface
emissivity of 0.75. Later it was found that the accurate value of emissivity
was 0.69. Find the error in the temperature determination.
(b) Mention the features of piezo-electric accelerometer. [8+8]

7. (a) What is an amplifier. Draw the circuit symbol of op-amp and derive an equa-
tion for its output voltage.
(b) List the ideal characteristics of op-amp. [10+6]

8. (a) Define a digital transducer, and explain its application for measurement of
flow.
(b) A photo transistor of circuit shown in fig. with characteristics shown in fig. 8
has a supply voltage of 20V and a collector load resistance of 2kΩ. Determine
the output voltage when the illumination level is :
i. Zero
ii. 300 W/m2
iii. 100 W/m2 . [8+8]

Figure 8

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Classify various transducers and give an example of each and mention their
applications
(b) Derive the expression for time response of a 2nd order system subjected to unit
impulse frequency with the natural frequency of the system. [8+8]

2. (a) What is thermistor? How is it used for temperature measurement, for various
applications?
(b) The temperature of an oven is raised at the rate of 2000 C per hour. For the
condition that the indicating instrument must not show an error more than
50 C What is the maximum permissible time constant? [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the principle of resistance measurement with Substitution method.

(b) A modified form of Wheatstone bridge is shown in figure 3 . Calculate the
value of unknown resistance, Rx , if Ra = 1200Ω , Ra = 1600 Rb , R1 =
800Rb , R1 = 1.25 R2 andR3 =0.5 Rb are the resistance values under balanced
conditions.
[8+8]

Figure 3
4. (a) Explain the construction and principle of Variable inductance transducer.
(b) Describe the frequency response of capacitive transducers. [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 2
5. (a) Explain the inductance comparison bridge with neat sketch.
(b) What is the limitation of Max well bridge. Explain its working. [8+8]

6. (a) A flat frequency response within 10% is required from a piezoelectric crystal.
Find the value of minimum frequency for which it can be used if the time
constant is 2ms. Find also the phase shift.
(b) How will you measure oscillations using piezoelectric pickup. [8+8]

7. (a) What is an amplifier. Draw the circuit symbol of op-amp and derive an equa-
tion for its output voltage.
(b) List the ideal characteristics of op-amp. [10+6]

8. (a) Classify vibrating wire strain gauge.

(b) Discuss the merits, demerits and applications of each type. [4+12]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Classify various transducers and give an example of each and mention their
applications
(b) Derive the expression for time response of a 2nd order system subjected to unit
impulse frequency with the natural frequency of the system. [8+8]

2. Describe the working and construction of resistance thermometers. Describe the

materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical character-
istic curve. [16]

3. (a) Define electro magnetic interference and explain different types of electro mag-
netic interferences?
(b) Draw the block diagram of an ac signal conditioning system and the functions
of the each block? [8+8]

4. (a) What are electromagnetic type inductive transducers? Explain any one of
their operation in detail.
(b) Explain in detail about the core position of LVDT and the variation of output
voltage respectively and clearly mention the phase and core position. [8+8]

5. (a) How variable oscillators are classified. Explain any one of them.
(b) Explain the working of Hay’s Bridge with the help of necessary equations also
state any one of its application. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain how the variation of ambient temperature causes error in filled-in-
system thermometer.
(b) The lens of an optical pyrometer is clouded so that the transmission factor
is 0.8. The instrument indicates a temperature of 14800 C. What is the true
temperature? [8+8]

7. (a) With a schematic diagram, explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier.

(b) List the characteristics of Instrumentation amplifier. [10+6]

8. What are the types of CCD and explain CMOS imaging sensors with its applica-
tions. [16]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define and derive expression for the following for a second order system.
i. Resonant frequency
ii. Resonant peak
iii. Bandwidth
(b) A second order system has a natural frequency of 10Hz and a damping ration
of 0.3. Calculate the value of resonant frequency and the magnitude ratio at
this frequency. Calculate the bandwidth. [8+8]
2. (a) Describe in brief two types of wire wound strain gauges mentioning their typ-
ical size, resistance, maximum excitation voltage, and construction material.
(b) The resistance of a strain gauge is 120 ohm and Gf = 2. It is connected to
a current sensitive Wheatstone bridge in which resistance on all arms is 120
ohm. If the input voltage is 4V and the resistance of the galvanometer is 100
ohm, calculate the detector current in µA for µ strain. [8+8]
3. (a) Describe the ammeter - voltmeter method of measurement of resistance with
neat diagram?
(b) Describe the operation of the Wheatstone bridge? [8+8]
4. (a) Discuss in detail the operation of LVDT?
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of LVDT? [8+8]
5. (a) How variable oscillators are classified. Explain any one of them.
(b) Explain the working of Hay’s Bridge with the help of necessary equations also
state any one of its application. [8+8]
6. (a) Derive the expressions for frequency response characteristics of piezo-electric
transducers.
(b) Describe the uses of piezo-electric materials and transducers. [8+8]
7. (a) With a schematic diagram, explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier.
(b) List the characteristics of Instrumentation amplifier. [10+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on Magneto transistors.
(b) Give the important features and applications of vibrating wire arc weldable
strain gauge. [8+8]

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