DISCUSSION

The property of a material to resist impact is known as toughness. Due to movement of vehicles on the road the aggregates are subjected to impact resulting in their breaking down into smaller pieces. The aggregates should therefore have sufficient toughness to resist their disintegration due to impact. This characteristic is measured by impact value test. The aggregate impact value is a measure of resistance to sudden impact or shock, which may differ from its resistance to gradually applied compressive load. Aggregate Impact Value is conducted in the highway engineering laboratory to get the value of aggregate impact . The best value of aggregate impact for a good road pavement has been classified to four categories that is for the value of Aggregate Impact Value that less than 20% is exceptionally strong for the impact on road pavement . If the value is 10% up to 20% the aggregate is considered strong to be impacted. When the reading of value is 20% up to 30% is determined as satisfactory for road surfacing . However if the value of the impact of aggregate is more than 35% is considered to be weak on road surfacing.

Aggregates to be used for wearing course, the impact value shouldn't exceed 30 percent. For bituminous macadam the maximum permissible value is 35 percent. For Water bound macadam base courses the maximum permissible value defined by IRC is 40 percent.We have well conducted the experiment on the aggregate for Aggregate Impact Value Test . After the experiment was conducted we have obtained data and results by calculations as steps below .

The value that has been obtained for AIV is 10.46% so the aggregate that our group has tested is considered strong to be subjected to an impact from vehicles on good road pavements . Aggregates therefore have sufficient toughness to resist their disintegration due to impact. The aggregate has lesser possibilities of aggregate or stone breaking into smaller pieces . The road stones should therefore is tough enough to resist fracture under impact. There are other two test that can be carried out to obtain the strength of aggregates that is Abrasion test. Abrasion test is carried out to test the hardness property of aggregates and to decide whether they are suitable for different pavement construction works. Los Angeles abrasion test is a preferred one for carrying out the hardness property and has been standardized in India (IS:2386 part-IV). The principle of Los Angeles abrasion test is to find the percentage wear due to relative rubbing action between the aggregate and steel balls used as abrasive charge. The other test is Crushing test. One of the model in which pavement material can fail is by crushing under compressive stress. A test is standardized by IS:2386 part-IV and used to determine the crushing strength of aggregates. The aggregate crushing value provides a relative measure of resistance to crushing under gradually applied crushing load.

THEORY
Toughness is a property of a material to resist impact . Due to traffic loads the road stones are subjected to pounding action or impact and there are possibilities of stone breaking into smaller pieces . The road stones should therefore be tough enough .To resist fracture under impact . A test designed to evaluated toughness of stones . The resistance of the stones to fracture under repeated impact may be called and impact test for road stones. Aggregates are used mainly as layers of particles to distribute imposed loads over the surface of the soil or as an economical filler material in concretes . The strength of the materials as a layer or bas course is very important to the load-carrying capacity . Normally the aggregate impact value of base coarse is 30 bituminous bound macadam is about 35 and the cement concrete base course is 30 . The significant of the test is gives an idea of toughness of the aggregate to resist fracture under the impact of moving loads . The aggregate impact value is the strength value of an aggregate that is determined by performing the Aggregate Impact Test on a sample of the aggregate in question . Basically the AIV is the percentage of fines produced from the aggregate sample after subjecting it to a standard amount of impact .

CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment that has be conducted advantage of aggregate impact test is that test equipment and the test procedure are quite simple and it determines the resistance to impact of stones simulating field condition. The test can be performed in a short time even at construction site or at stone quarry, as the apparatus is simple and portable.

Well shaped cubical stones provide higher resistance to impact when compared with flaky and elongated stones. If all the test specimens to be tested in the aggregate impact testing mould are of equal volume, the height of these specimens will also be equal and hence the height of fall of the impact hammer on the specimens will be equal. From the experiment the value of AIV is 10.46% and this is acceptable because the value is less than the value of predetermined AIV is 30%.

We can conclude that the aggregate been used are tough and have resistant to be crash due to repeatedly impact of vehicles on the road pavements . Its because the value are more than 10% requirement. These experiments are successful because its still less than the value of predetermined AIV is 30%.