Name:

___________
Sekolah Menengah Seri Omega

Teacher: WL Cheng Class : 4B Lesson No.:6 Date : 2 2 !" Time : ".2! # $!.%!

S&'(ect: Mathematics Cha)ter:% To)ic: Sets *$+

S&',to)ic: Notes:, %.$a De-ining Sets a. Set refers to any collection or group of objects. b. Sets are usually specified in three ways. (a) The description method Example {odd numbers} (b) The roster method In this method, the set is defined by listin the numbers. Example {!, ", #, $, %.} (c) Using set-builder notation This combines both the roster and description method. Example { x : x is an odd positi&e number} b. The objects in a set are called elements or members of the set. They are said to belon to the set. d. Sets are usually denoted by capital letters and the notation used for sets is braces, { }. Example '({), *, +, ,} e. The definition of sets has to be clear and precise so that the elements can be identified. f. The same elements in a set need not be repeated. Example - = {letters in the word .belie&e/ } *e+ 5 1 2names o- states in Mala;sia starting 0ith 15 *7+ 3(2x4 x is a -actor o- $25 *c+ 2 ( 26o0els in the 0or7 8CL9SS: 5 . ({b,e,i,l,&} ./ercise %.$a $ List the elements o- each o- the -ollo0ing sets. *a+ 0 1 2m&lti)les o- $$3 less than 4!5

*'+ 1 ( {-irst -i6e letters o- the al)ha'et5

2 De-ine the -ollo0ing sets &sing a statement or a 0or7. *a+ M12$3<5

% Dra0 a @enn 7iagram to ill&strate each o- the -ollo0ing sets. *a+ A1 2<3"3$$3$45

*'+ =1243$!3$432!3...5 . *c+ >12%363"5

*7+ C12Sa'ah3 Sara0ak3 Selangor5

*'+ 1 1 2B&a7rilaterals 0ith 4 eB&al si7es5 *e+ D1 2a3 e, i, o, u5

Note:, ?n set notation3 the s;m'ol means 'is an element of or 'belongs to an7 means 'is not an element of or 'does not belong to'. Example '({a,b,c} a ' '&t e 9. 6otes47 a. Sets can also be represented usin Venn diagrams. 3eometric shapes such as circles and rectan les are commonly used to enclose elements of a set. b. A dot to the left of an ob8ect in a 9enn dia ram indicates that the ob8ect is an element of the set.

*c+ : 1 2consonants in the 0or7 ;S5'<T }

*7+ M1 2 x : 4 < x < ! 3 x is an integer5

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*e+ 6(2p4 % p <3p is a 0hole n&m'er5

*ii+ S 1 2letters in the 0or7 ?:@9EA 5

6otes47 a. The notation n(') denotes the number of elements in set A. b.=hen a 9enn dia ram represents the number of elements in a set, no dot is placed to the left of the number. 4 Dor each o- the -ollo0ing sets3 *a+ list the elements in the set3 *'+ the n&m'er o- elements in the set3 *c+ 7ra0 a @enn 7iagram to re)resent the n&m'er o- elements in the set *i+ >( *-actors o- $C5

*iii+ T 1 2ca)itals o- states in Mala;sia starting 0ith ESE5 .

*i6+ F 1 2t0o 7igit n&m'ers less than $4 0hose &nits 7igit is less than 25

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*ii+ - 1 2consonants in the 0or7 ;3@@D;5 *6+ 0 1 2)rime -actors o- 2!5

*iii+ C1 2x4x E !,x is a negati6e n&m'er5 *6i+ B 1 2x4 2% x %! an7 x is e6en5

6otes47 ' set with no elements is called an empty set or a null set. The symbol (phi) or empty braces, { }, denotes an empty set. Therefore, if set > is an empty set, then > ( { } or > ( and n(>) ( C. 4 Dor each o- the -ollo0ing sets3 *a+ list the elements in the set3 *'+ state the n&m'er o- elements in the set3 *c+ state 0hether the set is an em)t; set or not &sing set notation. *i+ 9 1 2-actors o- 4 7i6isi'le '; %5 6otes47
a. Two sets are equal if they ha&e the same elements in them. If set ' is eFual to set -, then e&ery element in set ' belon s to set and &ice &ersa. =e denote this by writin

b. If either set ' or set - has at least one element that is not common to both, then the sets are said to be unequal and we write ' -.

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6 Determine 0hether each o- the -ollo0ing )airs o- sets are eB&al or not. *a+ 91263"3$25an7 B12$2363"5

(-+ 3 1 2-actors o- 2 7i6isi'le '; 45 an7

0 1 2-actors o- 2% 7i6isi'le '; 25

*'+ =1 2%363"5 an7 > 1 2m&lti)les o- % less than $!5

*c+ D( 2-actors o- $!5 an7 .122343$!5

< Com)lete each o- the -ollo0ing &sing the s;m'ols 13 3 0 3 B3 13 : or 5 3 gi6en = 1 2)rime n&m'ers 'et0een 2 an7 "5 > 1 2o77 n&m'ers 'et0een $ an7 C5 < 1 2x: x G !3 x is a )ositi6e n&m'er5 S 1 Hy: ,% G y G 43 y is an integer5

*7+

*e+ *a+ %______I *'+ IJJJJJ> *c+ <_____< *7+ <_____> *e+ <_____2 5 2!6<%%"6C.7oc 4 *-+ !_______ < *g+ ,!.2_____S *h+ n(<)JJJJJC *i+ n(S)JJJJJC *(+ 4_______S

C Determine the 6al&e o- x in each o- the -ollo0ing sets. *a+ 2<3"3$!5 12"3 x3$!5

*'+ 263%3$432$512$43xH%3%32$5

*c+ 2$432$3x34x5122C3<3$432$5

*7+ 9 12 -actors o- $$5 B 12$3x5 9 1B

*e+ =1 2x :$! x $43 x is a )rime n&m'er5 >12$$3 ,xH<5 =1>

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