MIT3 40JF09 Lec02-Basic Crystallography

9/21/2009
3.40 Lecture Summary
September 16, 2009
Basic Crystallography
BCC, FCC, and HCP Crystals
1
BCC
FCC
HCP
BCC Metals
FCC Metals
HCP Metals
Fe, W, V, Mo
Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Al, Ni, Pb
Ti,Zr, Mg, Zn, Be, Cd
At high temps: Ti, Zr
At high temps: Fe
[1] Li, J. Modeling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 11 (2003) 173. (AtomEye Visualization Software)
[2] NRL. Lattice Crystal Structures (2008)<http://cstwww.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/>.
[3] Abbaschian, R. et al. Physical Metallurgy Principles 4th ed. (2009).
9/21/2009
Miller Indices
1 Cubic Lattices
2 Hexagonal Lattices
(010)
(1010)
a1 a2
a3
Intercept Length
Intercept Length
Reciprocal
Reciprocal
0
2
Crystal Symmetry
1 Cubic Lattice Symmetry
o Crystallographic families
2 Hexagonal Lattice Symmetry

o Why (hkil) indexing scheme?
Directions: <hkl>
Allows permutation rule!
Plane: {hkl}
(hkil)
Implies permutation rule
Permute over (hki)
Equivalent Directions
<110>
Equivalent Planes: {1010}

9/21/2009
Crystal Symmetry and Stereographic Projection
1 What symmetry exists in cubic crystals?
o Rotational
2 fold
Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

Please see p. 3 in Schlom, Darrell G.
"Stereographic Projection."
MatSE535 Course Notes, 2009.
3 fold
4 fold
2 What symmetry exists in hexagonal crystals?
o Rotational
6 fold
f ld
3 How do we keep track of crystal symmetries?
o Answer: Stereographic Projection

Please see Fig 16.4
in Henderson, David, and Daina Taimina.
Experiencing Geometry: Euclidean and Non-Euclidean With History.
3rd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2005.
[4]Schlom, D. G. Stereographic Projection Notes. <http://www.ems.psu.edu/~schlom/MatSE535/StereoProjection.pdf>.

[5] Henderson, D. W. (1999) <http://www.math.cornell.edu/~dwh/books/eg99/Ch16/Ch16.html
BasicCrystallography
StereographicProjectionofCrystalDirections

Please see p. 3, 10 in Schlom, Darrell G.
"Stereographic Projection."
MatSE535 Course Notes, 2009.
[1] www.ems.psu.edu/~schlom/MatSE535/StereoProjection.pdf
9/21/2009
Stereographic Projection of Crystal Planes
[110]
(110)
[1] http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/stereographic/index.php
Reading a Stereographic Projection
023
012
013
113
014
001
014
013
012
123
The plane is 90 degrees

from the pole direction
on a longitudinal line
The directions on a
plane are in the plane
Symmetry markers
reflect the point
symmetry of the crystal
023
104 114
011
103
113 123
102
112
213 112
133
032
133
032
213 203
122
122
132
101 313
021
212
021
132
212
111
111
121
031
031
121
312 313 302 312
131
131
201
041
041
211 221
231
221 211
141
141
231
311 301
401 311
331 321
321 331
100
110 120 140
410 210
140 120 110
210 410
010
010
310 320
230 130
130 230
320 310
311 321 331
331
301
231
231
311
141
211
141
221 321
041
201
221
041
211 312
131
131
302 312
031
121
031
121
111 313 101 212
111
132
132
021
212
313
021
122
122
213 203
133
032
032
213 112
112
133
102
113
113 123
103
123
011
011
114 104 114
023
023
(110)
012
012
013
013
014
014
001
011
114
113
[1] Abbaschian, R. et al. Physical Metallurgy Principles
4th
ed. (2009).
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.

Adapted from Fig. 1.33 in Reed-Hill and Abbaschian,
Physical Metallurgy Principles
9/21/2009
Symmetry on the Stereographic Projection
023
011
012
013
014
113
123
114
113
133
122
112
213
313
212
001
104
103
014
013
012
114
113 123
023
011
102
213 112
032
133
203313
133
122
132
101 313
021
021
132
212
111
111
313 302
121
031
031
121
312
312
131
131
201
041
041
211 221
231
221 211
141
141
231
331
311 301
401 311
331
331 321
321
100
110 120 140
410 210
140 120 110
210 410
010
010
310 320
230 130
130 230
320 310
311 321 331
331 331
331
301
231
231
311
141
211
141
221 321
041
201
221
041
211 312
131
131
302 312
031
121
031
121
111 313 101 212
111
132
132
021
212
313
021
122
122
213 203313
133
032
032
213 112
112
133
102
113
113 123
103
123
011
011
114 104 114
023
023
012
012
013
013
014
014
001
032
[1] Abbaschian, R. et al. Physical Metallurgy Principles 4th ed. (2009).
Adapted from Fig. 1.33 in

Reed-Hill and Abbaschian,
Physical Metallurgy
Principles
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Image courtesy of U.S. Naval Research Laboratory.
9/21/2009
Other Resources
"The Stereographic Projection."

DoITPoMS, University of Cambridge.
[1] http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/stereographic/index.php
10
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
3.40J / 22.71J / 3.14 Physical Metallurgy

Fall 2009
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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9/21/2009

3.40 Lecture Summary

September 16, 2009

Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Al, Ni, Pb

Ti,Zr, Mg, Zn, Be, Cd

At high temps: Ti, Zr

2 Hexagonal Lattice Symmetry

Allows permutation rule!

Implies permutation rule

Permute over (hki)

Equivalent Planes: {1010}

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

[4]Schlom, D. G. Stereographic Projection Notes. <http://www.ems.psu.edu/~schlom/MatSE535/StereoProjection.pdf>.

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

The plane is 90 degrees

[1] Abbaschian, R. et al. Physical Metallurgy Principles

Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.

[1] Abbaschian, R. et al. Physical Metallurgy Principles 4th ed. (2009).

Adapted from Fig. 1.33 in

Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.

Image courtesy of U.S. Naval Research Laboratory.

"The Stereographic Projection."

3.40J / 22.71J / 3.14 Physical Metallurgy

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