FOR CONSTRUCTION

0 C B A
REV.

2012-06-25 2012-05-11 2012-03-23 2012-02-17

DATE

Issue for Construction Issue for Approval Issue for Approval Issue for Approval
DESCRIPTION

J.H.WON J.H.WON
DSGN

J.H.CHOI J.H.CHOI
CHKD

I.S.LEE I.S.LEE
APPD

PROJECT :

TWO(2) x 500 MW MONG DUONG 1 THERMAL POWER PLANT

EMPLOYER :

CONSULTANT :

CONTRACTOR :

DESIGNED BY

DATE

TITLE :

2012-06-25
CHECKED BY DATE

DESIGN CRITERIA - Civil & Architecture

PROJECT NUMBER ADB/MD1-TPIP/EPC150911 DOCUMENT NUMBER MD1-0-C-300-04-00010 REV.

2012-06-25
APPROVED BY DATE

2012-06-25

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10

GENERAL .............................................................................................................................. 3 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 3 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................... 3 CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 3 SITE INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 4 SITE GRADING ...................................................................................................................... 5 DESIGN METHOD ................................................................................................................. 5 MATERIALS........................................................................................................................... 6 CONCRETE ........................................................................................................................... 6 REINFORCEMENT STEEL BAR ........................................................................................... 6 STRUCTURAL STEEL ........................................................................................................... 7 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS .................................................................................. 7 DESIGN LOADS..................................................................................................................... 7 LOAD COMBINATIONS ....................................................................................................... 12 CONCRETE STRUCTURE .................................................................................................. 13 STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS ................................................................................. 13 CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT (CONCRETE COVER)................... 14 CRACK CONTROL .............................................................................................................. 14 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT ................................................... 15 DEFLECTION CONTROL .................................................................................................... 16 DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT ................................................... 16 STEEL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................... 22 CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................................................. 22 DEFLECTIONS .................................................................................................................... 22 STEEL DECKING ................................................................................................................. 23 ANCHOR BOLT.................................................................................................................... 24 STEEL CONNECTIONS....................................................................................................... 24 GRATINGS ........................................................................................................................... 25 KICK PLATES ...................................................................................................................... 25 MISC. STAINLESS STEEL MEMBERS ............................................................................... 25 CABLE SUPPORT BRACKETS ........................................................................................... 25 PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS ......................................................................................... 25

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7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.0 8.1 8.2 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9

FOUNDATION...................................................................................................................... 26 DESIGN PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................................ 26 FACTORS OF SAFETY ....................................................................................................... 26 SHALLOW FOUNDATION ................................................................................................... 26 PILE FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................. 27 MACHINE FOUNDATIONS .................................................................................................. 28 LIMITING ANGULAR DISTORTION FOR DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION ..... 28 PIPE RACK STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 29 LAYOUT AND GEOMETRY ................................................................................................. 29 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS ................................................................................. 29 DRAINAGE .......................................................................................................................... 31 STORM WATER DRAINAGE ............................................................................................... 31 SANITARY WASTEWATER DRAINAGE ............................................................................. 31 PLANT WASTEWATER(CHEMICAL, OILY) DRAINAGE .................................................... 31 COAL WASTEWATER DRAINAGE ..................................................................................... 32 ASH WASTEWATER DRAINAGE ........................................................................................ 32 PAVEMENT.......................................................................................................................... 32 LOAD .................................................................................................................................... 32 CONCRETE PAVING ........................................................................................................... 32 GRAVEL PAVING ................................................................................................................ 33 OTHER AREA ...................................................................................................................... 33 GROUND COVER ................................................................................................................ 33 WALKWAYS ......................................................................................................................... 33 CROSS SLOPES FOR ROADS ........................................................................................... 33 ROAD ELEVATIONS............................................................................................................ 34 DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT ................................................................................... 34

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1.0 1.1

GENERAL Scope The purpose of this Design Criteria is intended to present the design procedure/method, design parameters, and the material standards to be used for the structural analysis and detail design of structures and foundations to be constructed for TWO(2) x 500MW MONG DUONG 1 THERMAL POWER PLANT.

1.2

Unit of Measurement Unit of measurement in design shall be expressed in international SI system.

1.3

Codes and Standards Structure design and materials shall comply with Vietnamese Standards or to other internationally recognized codes having an equivalent or stringent requirements listed below: ASCE 7-05 AISC 360-05 AISC 303-05 AISC 341-05 ACI 318-08 ACI 350-06 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Specification for Structural Steel Building Code of Standard Practice for Steel Building and Bridges Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures ACI 301-05 ACI 530-08 IBC 2006 AWS D1.1-04 AASHTO NFPA 101 NFPA 850 Specification for Structural Concrete Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures International Building Code Structural Welding Code for Steel American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Life Safety Code Recommended Practice of Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants BS ASTM API 650 British Standard (as applicable) American Society for Testing and Materials (as applicable) American Petroleum Institute (as applicable)
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JIS SSPC KS1) GB1)

1)

Japanese Industry Standard (as applicable) Steel Structures Painting Council (as applicable) Korean Standard (as applicable) Chinese Standard (as applicable)

These standards (KS and GB) would be subject to approval of Owner (s).

1.4 1.4.1

Site Information Site Location The plant site is located at Mong Duong ward, Cam Pha town, Quang Ninh Province in Vietnam Site elevation(to top of soil platform) is 8m in comparison with M.S.L(+)0.0m .

1.4.2

Temperature Absolute minimum air temperature Absolute maximum air temperature Yearly mean air temperature : : : 0.20C 39.50C 22.80C

1.4.3

Humidity Absolute lowest air relative moisture Absolute highest air relative moisture Yearly mean air relative moisture : : : 14.00% 100.00% 83.00%

1.4.4

Wind Basic Wind Speed : : 49.67 m/sec

This value is 3 second gust wind speed for 50 year return period at 10m height from ground level. Additional parameters are defined in Section 2.1.6. (This basic wind speed is recommended in report of Recommendation on Wind and Seismic Load approved by Owner with Letter No 17/AND1-KT dated on Jan. 06, 2012) 1.4.5 Rainfall Yearly mean rainfall Maximum daily rainfall : : 2212.7 mm 611.0 mm

(to be calculated with the frequency of 0.1% corresponding to project grade I)

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Rainfall intensity(l/s.ha)

A (1 C log P ) (t b ) n

where, A,C,b,n P t : : : Parameters of Hon Gai near Mong Duong 30 years (Recurrence period) Calculation time(min)

Regarding the rainfall intensity, the formula in TCVN 7957-2008 will be applied. 1.4.6 Earthquake

Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA)

0.13 g ( for Site Class B)

This value is given in Table 15 of Report of Recommendation on Wind and Seismic Load approved by Owner with Letter No 17/AND1-KT dated on Jan. 06, 2012 1.5 1.5.1 Site Grading Concrete Level Foundation Structural Steel Columns Stairs and Ladders Equipment(general) Local Pipe Support Ground Floor in Building Out-Door GL +300mm GL+200mm GL+300mm GL+200mm In-Door CL+ 30 ~50mm CL+30mm CL+200mm CL+200mm GL+300mm

Note : GL and CL mean the Grading Level and Concrete Level of each floor respectively. And equipment support concrete levels may be adjusted in accordance with the specific requirements of the equipment. : Site Datum E.L(+)0.0m = M.S.L(+)8.0m

2.0

DESIGN METHOD Concrete work shall, as a minimum, shall be designed, specified and installed in accordance with ACI requirements. Reinforced concrete structures and foundations shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318-08. All water retaining structures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ACI 350-06. Steel structures will be designed in accordance with AISC 360-05 LRFD method. Masonry work shall, as a minimum, be designed, specified, and constructed in accordance with ACI 530-08 requirements.

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3.0 3.1

MATERIALS Concrete Physical properties of concrete Unit weight Modulus of elasticity :wc : Ec =25 kN/m3 = 37,000 MPa for fc = 60MPa 30,000 MPa for fc = 40MPa 27,000 MPa for fc = 32MPa 25,000 MPa for fc = 28MPa 21,000 MPa for fc = 20MPa 16,000 MPa for fc = 12MPa Poissons ratio : = 0.2

The grade of concrete to be used shall be as follows: Concrete Type Blinding Electrical duct bank Bored pile Spun pile Foundation All other concrete Waterproof concrete CW pump structure *Compressive Strength Based on cylinder test (fc) 12 MPa 20 MPa 32 MPa 60 MPa 28 MPa 28 MPa 28 MPa 40 MPa **Compressive Strength Based on cube test (Fc) 15 MPa 25 MPa 40 MPa 72 MPa 35 MPa 35 MPa 35 MPa 50 MPa

* ASTM C39 Compressive Strength Test or equivalent having a standard specimen 150mm in diameter by 300mm long and capped with a suitable material to provide a smooth-bearing surface on each end of the specimen. ** ASTM C109 Compressive Strength Test or equivalent having a standard 50mm cube specimen.

3.2

Reinforcement Steel Bar Reinforcement steel bar used in reinforced concrete shall be complied with ASTM A615M Grade 420 or equivalent. Physical properties based on ASTM A 615M are as below. Minimum yield strength Modulus of elasticity : : fy Es = 420 MPa = 200,000MPa

Welded wire fabric shall be confirmed to the requirements of ASTM A184

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TWO(2)X500MW MONG DUONG 1 THERMAL POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA - CIVIL & ARCHITECTURE Bar Size No. D10 (# 3) D13 (# 4) D16 (# 5) D19 (# 6) D22 (# 7) D25 (# 8) D29 (# 9) D32 (# 10) D36 (# 11) D43 (# 14) D57 (# 18) Nominal Diameter, mm 9.5 12.7 15.9 19.1 22.2 25.4 28.7 32.3 35.8 43.0 57.3 Nominal Area, mm2 71 129 199 284 387 510 645 819 1006 1452 2581 Nominal Weight kg/m 0.560 0.994 1.552 2.235 3.042 3.973 5.060 6.404 7.907 11.380 20.240

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3.3

Structural Steel Structural steel shall be confirmed to ASTM A36M, ASTM A572 Gr. 345 (50) or ASTM A992. Material properties based on ASTM shall be satisfied except that the minimum strength shall meet below requirement or equivalent depending on local availability. Minimum yield strength Modulus of elasticity : : 250 MPa for ASTM A36M 345 MPa for ASTM A572/A992 200,000 MPa

4.0 4.1

LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS Design Loads The following loads shall be considered in the structural design. If other loads are expected, those loads shall be included in the design.

4.1.1

Dead Loads (D) Dead loads is comprised of the weight of structural members and all permanent materials and weight of equipment as well as the weight of pipes, air ducts, cables, insulation, and other similar items fastened thereto or supported thereby, which are not considered in the live load hereinafter.

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Ds Dd De Dp

: Self Weight of Structural Element in Analysis Model : Material Weight of Structural Floor, Non Structural Element or Finish : Equipment Loads to be provided by mechanical engineers : Area loads for piping and cable tray to be provided by Pipe/Elec. Engineers

The weights of structural or non-structural material to be considered are as follows: Reinforced Concrete Steel Plaster 4.1.2 Live Loads (L or Lr) Live loads are all non-permanent and occur over an area, which is not occupied by fixed equipment. This is stationary or movable loads and can occur regularly during the expected service life of the power or only during special operating conditions, like transportation, inspection, assembling and dismantling of components. For example: Operating load and/or test load of equipment and piping Short circuit forces Anchor loads(force) on pipe anchor supports due to movement restrains Vehicle loads Surcharge on soil / surface adjacent to retaining walls (affected by traffic loads, construction loads or expected maintenance loads) Any other relevant load as per manufacturers specified loading data The minimum live loads given below will be used in the structural design unless the special load requirement provided by manufacturer is indicated. : : : 25.0 kN/m3 78.5 kN/m3 20.0 kN/m3

4.1.2.1 Facility Building

1) Turbine Building Unloading ground concrete floor (S.O.G) Ground concrete floor (S.O.G) Ground grating floor (w/o forklift access) Ground grating floor Operating, non lay-down concrete areas Other floor concrete areas Other floor grating/steel plate areas Electrical Equipment Room Stairs Access platform and catwalks Concrete Roof Metal Roof : : : : : : : : : : : : 25.0kN/m2 15.0kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 15.0kN/m2 17.5kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 12.5kN/m2 5.0kN/m2 5.0kN/m2 7.5kN/m2 1.0kN/m2

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2) Other Buildings (excluding turbine & administration building) Ground Concrete Floor (S.O.G) Control Rooms Electrical Equipment Rooms Battery Room Storage Areas General Equipment Rooms Offices or Rocker room, General room Concrete Roof with equipment Metal or Concrete Roof Stairs, Gratings, Platforms 4.1.2.2 Non-Facility Building The live loads for Non-Facility Building to be used in design are based on ASCE 7-05 for rooms not mentioned properly in Owners Specification (Clause 23.1.3.6)
1) Administration Building

: : : : : : : : : :

10.0kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 12.5kN/m2 7.5kN/m2 5.0kN/m2 5.0kN/m2 5.0kN/m2 1.0kN/m2 5.0kN/m2

Offices File/ Computer Room Lobbies and First Floor Corridor Above First Floor Corridors Switch Room Conference Room Dining Room

: : : : : : :

4.8kN/m2 4.8kN/m2 4.8kN/m2 4.8kN/m2 10.0kN/m2 4.8kN/m2 4.8kN/m2

Where, live load for members having a tributary area defined in ASCE can be reduced according to requirements Sec. 4.8 and Sec. 4.9 of ASCE/SEC 7-05. The reduction of live loads in this project would be applied in the following cases;
a) Live loads or equal to 4.8 kN/m2 in administration building b) Roof live loads of 1.0 kN/m2 in metal roof.

In addition, heavy live load that exceed 4.8 kN/m2 for members (columns) supporting two or more floor may be reduced by 20 percent based on Sec 4.8.2. in ASCE. 4.1.3 Crane Loads(CL) The maximum wheel load will be determined in accordance with Sec 4.10.1 of ASCE/SEI 705. Design loads for the runway beams, including the connections and support brackets will include the maximum wheel load of the crane and the additional followings: 25% of maximum wheel loads A lateral force of not less than 20% of the sum of the weights of the lifted load and the crane trolley, (excluding other parts of the crane), acting at the top of the rail in either
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direction normal to the rail A longitudinal force of not less than 10% of the sum of the maximum wheel loads of the crane applied at the top of the rail in either direction

4.1.4

Soil Lateral Loads (H) Earth retaining structures, including basement, trench walls and retaining walls shall be designed to resist soil lateral loads due to construction vehicle and earthquake event. The Mononobe-Okabe (M-O) method would be considered to compute the effects of earth pressures including earthquake actions. The values of the ground acceleration to be used in the M-O expressions shall be obtained from the site design spectrum in Section 4.1.7. In addition to earth pressure, surcharge load for underground structure design will be considered 5 kN/m2for non-traffic area and HS 20-44 loading respectively for traffic area, and minimum of HS-25 would be applied to box culvert.

4.1.5

Water Pressure (F) Water pressure means the pressure and buoyancy of groundwater acting on the underground structure or foundation.

4.1.6

Wind Load (W)

Wind loads will be determined in accordance with Section 6.5 of ASCE/SEI 7-05 with parameters mentioned below; Basic Wind Speed (3Sec) Importance Factor(I) Exposure Topographic Factor(Kzt) : 49.67 m/sec : 1.15 :C : 1.0

4.1.7

Earthquake Loads (E)

Earthquake Loads will be determined based on following parameters in accordance with

ASCE/SEI 7-05. Tabulated below are the key parameters for the design response spectrum corresponding to Site classifications from ASCE 7-05, equivalent to TCXDVN 375:2006 ground types:
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Parameters necessary for Seismic Design Spectrum

Parameter SDS SD1 T0 TS TL Seismic design category Importance factor PGA Structures Soil Type D 0.334*g 0.198*g 0.119 sec 0.593 sec 8 sec C 1.25 0.20 g All of structures except Main&Aux. Tr, Condensate storage tank and Outfall Soil Type E 0.490*g 0.296*g 0.121 sec 0.604 sec 8 sec D 1.25 0.294 g Main&Aux. Tr, Condensate storage tank and Outfall Structure.

Detailed derivation of design spectral response acceleration parameters SDS and SD1 at short periods (0.2s) and at 1 second (1.0s) for different soil types are presented in the attachment 2 Clause 7.0 Design value for PGA SDS, SD1.

4.1.8

Temperature Load Temperature effects due to weather conditions will be considered for expansion and contraction joints in accordance with relevant codes and standards. For the design of structural steel and reinforced concrete members sufficient degrees of freedom will be provided to ensure weather temperature changes are generally of minor influence. Hence, loads due to weather temperature changes specified in specifications and standards are covered by the applied safety factors in the general design procedures. Allowance shall be made for the stresses induced in any structure due to differences in temperature between surfaces of members or structures. Expansion joints shall be located and spaced where necessary, so as to minimize strains in the structure of building, cladding, finished, fixing, plants and etc.

4.1.9

Vibration force and dynamic effects Structure and foundation for heavy vibrating equipment including, but not limited to, reciprocating and centrifugal compressors and large pumps, shall be investigated for response to the imposed cyclic loading and unbalanced force and moments. Such structure and foundations shall be analyzed by recognized dynamic methods and proportioned to ensure safe, smooth and trouble-free behavior under operating conditions.

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4.1.10 Rain Loads and Ponding Instability The amount of rain water that could accumulate on a roof from blockage of the primary drainage system shall be considered in accordance with ASCE 7-05 Section 8. The roof shall be designed to withstand the load created by that water plus the uniform load caused by water that rises above the inlet of the secondary drainage systems at its design flow. Ponding refers to the retention of water due solely to the deflection of relatively flat roofs (slope less than 1.2O). Roof deflections caused by rain loads shall be investigated when determining the likelihood of ponding instability. The primary drainage system within an area subjected to ponding shall be considered to be blocked in this analysis.

4.2 4.2.1

Load combinations General Load combinations used shall be based on the provisions Chapter 2 of ASCE 705.Buildings and structures shall be designed to resist the following load combinations. Basic Load Cases D L Lr R H F T W E EH EV : : : : : : : : : : : Dead load Live load Roof live load Rain load Earth pressure, groundwater pressure or bulk materials pressure Fluid with well-defined pressures Thermal Load Wind load Earthquake load Horizontal Earth pressure(Only applicable for clause 4.2.3.8) Vertical Earth pressure(Only applicable for clause 4.2.3.8)

4.2.2

Service Load Combination Where allowable stress design is used, all buildings, foundations or structures shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combinations 1) 2) D+F D+H+F+L+T

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3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

D + H + F + (Lr or R) D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75(Lr or R) D + H + F + (W or 0.7E) D + H + F + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or R) 0.6D + W + H 0.6D + 0.7E + H

4.2.3

Factored Load Combinations for USD or LRFD These combinations listed below will be used for the design of steel with LRFD method or concrete structures with USD method. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 1.4(D + F) 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R) 1.2D+ 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W) 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R) 1.2D + 1.0E + L 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H 1.25D + 1.75L + 1.35EH + 1.3EV

Exceptions: 1) The load factor on H shall be set equal to zero in combination 6) and 7) if the structural action due to H counteracts that due to W or E. Where lateral earth pressure provides resistance to structural actions from other forces, it shall not be included in H but shall be included in the design resistance. 2) The combination 8) would only applicable for the box culverts and pipe encasement structure under the road according to AASHTO standard (1997) 5.0 5.1 CONCRETE STRUCTURE Strength Reduction Factors The factors in USD method for structural concrete shall be used as per following provisions in Section 9.0 of ACI 318(M)-08.

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Tension-controlled sections: Compression-controlled sections:

0.90

- Members with spiral reinforcement conforming to Section 10.9.3, ACI 318(M)-08: 0.75 - Other reinforced members: - Shear and torsion: - Bearing on concrete: 0.65 0.75 0.65

5.2

Concrete Protection for Reinforcement (Concrete Cover) In general the concrete protection for reinforcement bar shall be as per Section 7.7 of ACI 318(M)-08. The minimum concrete cover shall be as follows. Concrete exposed to sea water : Concrete exposed earth or weather : D19 (# 6) through D57 (# 18) bars: D16 (# 5) bar, W31 (MW200) or D31 (MD200) wire, and smaller: Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground For slabs, walls, joints D43 (# 14) and D57 (#18) bars: D36 (# 11) bar and smaller: For beams, column Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals: For shells, folded plate member D19 (# 6) bar and larger: D16 (# 5) bar, MW200 (W31) or MD200 (D31) wire, and smaller: 20mm 13mm 40mm 40mm 20mm 50mm 40mm 75mm

Note: According to geotechnical report, water-soluble sulfate concentration in contact with concrete is low and injurious sulfate attack is not concerned. Since sulfate in water is 38.4ppm < 150ppm, no need of sulfate-resisting cement.(refer to Table 4.2.1 inACI318-08 code.)

5.3

Crack Control Permissible crack width for reinforced concrete shall be as follows. For liquid retaining structures (beam and one way slab)as per ACI 350-06, Section 10.6.4

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fs,max fs ,max

56,000

s 4(50 db / 2)2
2

, (MPa, In normal environmental exposure areas.)

45,500

s 2 4(50 db / 2)2

, (MPa, In severe environmental exposure areas.)

Where,

f s, max : maximum allowable stress in reinforcement at service load (MPa)

: Strain gradient amplification factor.

s : Center-to-center spacing of flexural tension reinforcement (mm)

db : nominal diameter of bar (mm)

For other structures (beam and one way slab) as per ACI 318(M)-08, Section 10.6.4 The spacings of reinforcement closest to a surface in tension shall not exceed that given by

94,600 2.5cc , but not greater than 300mm.(In environmental exposure case) fs
280 2.5cc , but not greater than 300mm.(Other case) fs

s 380

Where, fs : Calculated stress in reinforcement at service load (Mpa) cc : Clear cover from the nearest surface in tension (mm) s : Center-to-center spacing of flexural tension reinforcement (mm)

5.4

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement Reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses normal to flexural reinforcement shall be provided in structural slabs where the flexural reinforcement extends in one direction only. Such reinforcements shall be provided at least the following ratios of reinforcement area to gross concrete area.

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Length between movement joints, m (ft) Less than 6 (20) 6 (20) to less than 9 (30) 9 (30) to less than 12 (40) 12 (40) and greater

Minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement ratio (Grade 420) 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.005*

* Maximum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement where movement joints are not provided. Note: When using this table, the actual joint spacing shall be multiplied by 1.5 if no more than 50% of the reinforcement passes through the joint.

In cases of restraint causing significant tension in slab, it may be necessary to increase the amount of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in both principal directions. For liquid retaining structures as per ACI 350-06, Section 7.12 For building and other structures as per ACI 318(M)-08, Section 7.12 Deformed bars used: min = 0.0020 Welded wire fabric used: min = 0.0018

5.5

Deflection Control Control of deflections is in accordance with ACI 318(M)-08, Section9.5.

5.6 5.6.1

Development and Splices of Reinforcement Tensile Development Length of Deformed Bars

1) Development Length ld for Deformed Bars in Tension fc = 60MPa, fy = 420 MPa Case 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 unit : mm

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10)

a ld b

300 335 387 503

335 435 503 653

413 536 619 804

490 637 735 955

701 911 1084 1409

797 1036 1232 1601

924 1201 1429 1857

1020 1326 1577 2050

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fc = 40MPa, fy = 420 MPa Case 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3

unit : mm

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10)

a ld b

316 410 474 616

411 534 616 800

505 656 758 985

600 780 901 1171

859 1116 1328 1726

976 1268 1509 1961

1132 1471 1750 2275

1250 1625 1931 2510 unit : mm

fc = 32MPa, fy = 420 MPa Case 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10)

a ld b

353 458 530 689

459 596 689 895

565 734 848 1102

671 872 1007 1309

960 1248 1484 1929

1091 1418 1687 2193

1266 1645 1957 2544

1397 1816 2159 2806 unit : mm

fc = 28MPa, fy = 420 MPa Case 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10)

a ld b

377 490 566 735

491 638 737 958

604 785 907 1179

718 933 1077 1400

1027 1335 1587 2063

1167 1517 1803 2343

1354 1760 2092 2719

1494 1942 2309 3001 unit : mm

fc = 20MPa, fy = 420 MPa Case 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10)

a ld b

447 581 670 871

581 755 872 1133

715 929 1073 1394

849 1103 1274 1656

1215 1579 1878 2441

1381 1795 2134 2774

1602 2082 2475 3217

1767 2297 2732 3551

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Case a: clear spacing of bars being developed or spliced not less than db, clear cover not less than db, and stirrups or ties throughout ld not less than the code minimum, or clear spacing of bars being developed or spliced not less than 2db and clear cover not less than db Case b: all other cases, except for case a

2) Modification Factors Reinforcement location factor (t ) Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than 300mm of fresh concrete is cast in the member below the development length or splice: Other reinforcement: Excess reinforcement Reduction in development length shall be permitted where reinforcement in a flexural member is in excess of that required by analysis except where anchorage or development for fy is specifically required: (As required) / (As provided) 5.6.2 Compressive Development Length of Deformed Bars 1.3 1.0

1) Development Length Id for Deformed Bars in Compression fc = 60MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

200

218

268

319

369

420

487

577

fc = 40MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

200

234

288

343

397

451

523

577

fc = 32MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

200

241

296

352

408

464

538

593

fc = 28MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

200

257

317

377

436

496

575

634

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fc = 20MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

234

305

375

446

516

586

680

751

2) Modification Factors Excess reinforcement Reinforcement in excess of that required by analysis: (As required) / (As provided) Spirals and ties Reinforcement enclosed within spiral reinforcement not less than 6.0mm diameter and not more than 100mm pitch or within D13 (# 4) ties spaced at not more than 100mm on center: 0.75 5.6.3 Development of Standard Hooks in Tension 1) Development Length ldh for Deformed Bars in Tension Terminating in a Standard Hook fc = 60MPa, fy = 420 MPa
D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

150

176

216

257

298

338

393

433

fc = 40MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

166

215

265

315

365

415

481

531

fc = 32MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

185

241

296

352

408

464

538

593

fc = 28MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

198

257

317

377

436

496

575

634

fc = 20MPa, fy = 420 MPa

D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8)

unit :mm
D29 (#9) D32(#10)

Id

234

305

375

446

516

586

680

751

2) Modification Factors Concrete cover For D36 (#11) bar and smaller, side cover (normal to plane of hook) not less than 65mm and for 90 degree hook, cover on bar extension beyond hook not less than 50mm :0.7

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Ties or stirrups For 90 degree hooks of D36 (#11) and smaller bars that are either enclosed within ties or stirrups perpendicular to the bar being developed, spaced not greater than 3db along the development length ldh of the hook; or enclosed within ties or stirrups parallel to the bar being developed, spaced not greater than 3db along the length of the tail extension of the hook plus bend :0.8

For 180 degree hooks of D36 (#11) and smaller bars that are either enclosed within ties or stirrups perpendicular to the bar being developed, spaced not greater than 3db along the development length ldh of the hook :0.8

3) Excess reinforcement Where anchorage or development for fy is not specifically required, reinforcement in excess of that required by analysis: (As required) / (As provided)

4) Hooked Bar Details for Development of Standard Hooks

5.6.4

Splices of Reinforcement Splices shall be positioned and furnished as shown on the drawings. Alteration of splice locations shall be submitted with drawing revisions for owners consent. Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than D36 (#11). Bars spliced by non-contact lap splices in flexural members shall not be spaced transversely farther apart than one-fifth the required lap splice length, nor 150mm. 1) Splices of Deformed Bars in Tension Minimum length of lap for tension lap splices shall be as required for Class A or B splice, but not less than 300mm, where:

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Class A splice: Class B splice :

1.0 ld 1.3 ld

Where, ld is the tensile development length for the specified yield strength fy in accordance with Clause 5.6.1 without the modification factor of excess reinforcement. As provided * As required Equal to or greater than 2 Less than 2 Maximum percent of As spliced within required lap length 50 Class A Class B 100 Class B Class B

* Ratio of area of reinforcement provided to area of reinforcement required by analysis at splice locations.

2) Splices of Deformed Bars in Compression Compression lap splice length shall not be less than 300mm. For fc less than 21MPa, length of lap shall be increased by one-third. fc = 60MPa or 40MPa or 32MPa or 28MPa, fy = 420 MPa unit :mm

Bar size D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10) Id 306 397 489 581 673 765 887 979 unit :mm

fc = 20MPa, fy = 420 MPa

Bar size D10 (#3) D13 (#4) D16 (#5) D19 (#6) D22 (#7) D25 (#8) D29 (#9) D32(#10) Id 5.6.5 410 533 656 779 902 1025 1189 1312

Minimum Bend Diameters Diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar, other than for stirrups and ties in sizes D10 (# 3) through D16 (# 5), shall not be less than the values in below table. Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties shall not be less than 4db for D16 (#5) bar and smaller. For bars larger than D16 (#5), diameter of bend shall be in accordance with below table. Inside diameter of bend in welded wire reinforcement for stirrups and ties shall not be less than 4db for deformed wire larger than D6 and 2db for all other wires. Bends with inside diameter of less than 8db shall not be less than 4db from nearest welded intersection. Bar Size D10(# 3) through D25(# 8) D29(# 9) through D36(#11) D43(#14) and D57(#18) Minimum Diameter 6 db 8 db 10 db

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6.0 6.1

STEEL STRUCTURE Codes and Standards Steel structures will be designed in accordance with LRFD design method as specified in AISC 360-05 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings and the requirement of Seismic provision (AISC 341-05).

6.2

Deflections The maximum allowable deflections for structural steel elements, where L is the span for the element, are given in Tables below.

Limit of vertical deflection

Structural Element Metal roof panel Purlins Vertical Limit L/240* L/240
*

Loading Roof Live Load Roof Live or Wind (or Snow) Dead Load + Roof Live Load Dead Load + Live Load Live Load Dead Load + Live Load Dead Load + Live Load Dead Load + Live Load

L/200** L/300
**

Floor Beams / Girders Floor Beams supporting column Walkway and stair beams Cantilever Monorail runway beam Crane runway beam Cantilever runway beam

L/360 L/400** L/250** L/180

** **

Smaller of L/800 or Manufacturer Specification Smaller of L/800** or Manufacturer Specification L/450**

Dead + Crane Load Dead + Crane Load Dead Load + Live Load

Main Frame Rafter of Pre-engineered Building L/150*** Roof Live Load supporting metal roofing Purlins of Pre-engineered L/150* Dead Load + Roof Live Load Building supporting metal L/180* Wind roofing Note: *Values taken from IBC 2006 Table 1604.3 **Values taken Mong Duong Technical Specification Sec 23.1.3.6 *** Value taken MBMA 2006 Table 1.3.1(b)

Anticipated deflection from potential ponding shall be considered for flat roofs having a slope 1.2O (20mm per meter). It shall be investigated to assure that they possess adequate stiffness to preclude progressive deflection as rain falls on them using methods specified in AISC 360-05 Appendix 2.

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Limit of horizontal Deflection

Structural Element
1)

Horizontal Limit Lesser of H/240 or 50mm, where H is runway beam elevation from operating floor H/400, H is Frame Height

Loading 100% crane lateral load or 0.7Wind Dead + 0.5Live + 0.7Wind Dead + 0.5Live + 0.7Wind 100% crane lateral load 0.7Wind 0.7Wind 0.7Wind Earthquake Load Dead + Wind

Turbine Building with Bridge Crane Drift of structure Story Drift Crane run way girder or monorail runway beam Wind Columns

2)

h/400 and absolute interstory drift of limit of 10mm* Smaller of 3)L/600 or Manufacturer Specification
3) 3)

2)

L/300

Girts
5)

L/200 for wall metal panels L/240 < 40mm for masonry

4)

Story Drift of structure Columns with metal cladding of Pre-engineered Building

0.01h / 0.015h / 0.02h, where h is the story height

3)

H/150

Girt with metal cladding of 6) L/90 Wind Pre-engineered Building Reference: 1) AISC Steel Design Guide 3 (Serviceability Design Consideration for Steel Buildings), p30 2) ASCE 7-05, p384a, CC.1.2 3) Mong Duong Technical Specification 23.1.3.6 K 4) AISC Steel Design Guide 3 (Serviceability Design Consideration for Steel Buildings), p18 5) ASCE 7-05, Table 12.12-1, p134 6) IBC 2006,Table 1604.3, p280 Note: *Absolute inter-story drift limit of 10mm is imposed if damage to cladding and non-structural walls is not tolerable. This absolute inter-story drift limit may be relaxed if there is appropriate detailing in the non-structural elements to accommodate greater drift.

6.3

Steel Decking Steel decking shall consist of profiled steel sheets for use as permanent formwork for concrete slabs. The steel decking shall be hot-dipped zinc coated BONDEK (1.0 mm thick) as manufactured by John Lysaght or equal to be approved by the Owner and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Design shall be based on the requirements of BS 5950 Part 4 or equivalent. Limiting vertical deflections of the profiled sheet during construction stage and of the composite slab shall be based on manufacturers recommendation or as suggested by BS 5950 Part 4.

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6.4

Anchor Bolt Anchor bolts will be headed or bent type with requirements of ASTM F1554 Grade 248 (36). Minimum anchor bolt diameter shall be 13mm. Where high strength anchor are required, ASTM F1554 Grade 380 (55) plain or threaded bars will be prepared. All anchor bolts shall not be hot-dip galvanized.

6.5 6.5.1

Steel Connections Welding All welding shall conform to the requirement of AWS codes listed below. A2.4 D1.1 D1.3 D1.4 C5.4 : : : : : Welding Symbols Steel Aluminium Reinforcing Steel Stud Welding

Welding electrode will have minimum specified tensile strength of 480MPa (70,000psi). Where the welding is conducted in accordance with D1.1-steel, E70 Electrode will be used.

6.5.2

High Tension Bolt High strength structural bolts will be ASTM A325 with type 1, ASTM A490 or equivalent. Structural steel connections will be predominately use 22mm diameter high tension bolts. The pre-tensioning will be achieved by Turn-of-Nut Pre-tensioning, Calibrated Wrench Pretensioning, Direct-Tension-Indicator Pre-tensioning or twist off-type Tension control Bolt Pre-tensioning. Contact surfaces of connection by bearing connection (or snug tightened connections) will not be painted. Main bracing connections will be designed to cover the full section properties of the connected members. Pry action will be considered in the design of bolted connections in accordance with the AISC.

6.5.3

Common Bolt The common bolts will be ASTM A307 or equivalent A36. The connection for a girt, purlin or others secondary members will have a minimum of two 16 mm diameter common bolts unless otherwise indicated. Also, common bolts will apply to the minor connections such as handrails, floor plates and etc.

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6.6

Gratings The design will be carried out in accordance with the following codes; Steel will comply with ASTM A1011(ASTM A569-withdrawn) and ASTM A36 for steel bars in thickness over 4.8mm (3/16 inches). Galvanized grating will be galvanized per ASTM A123 or A385.

Grating banding shall be provided around grating panels and around openings in grating. Banding around grating panels shall be of same size as bearing bars. Banding around openings shall be 6mm thick plates and shall extend 100 mm higher than the top surfaces of gratings. Indoor grating shall be non-serrated while outdoor grating shall be serrated. 6.7 Kick Plates Unless otherwise specified, all kick plates shall be 6 mm thick plates and shall extend 100 mm higher than the top surface of the floor or platform level.

6.8

Misc. Stainless Steel Members Material for stainless steel members including pins, expansion bolts, nuts and washers and handrail shall be of grade 316 as specified and shall meet the requirements of ASTM A240 or other equal and approved standards for resistance to corrosion.

6.9

Cable Support Brackets Cable Support Brackets shall be 'Unistrut' System or other equivalent system to be approved by the Owner. The base metal for the system shall be grade 316 stainless steel, the arrangement and type of cable support bracket shall be as shown on the Contractors Construction Drawings and the maximum deflection shall not exceed 1/180. The system shall include all anchorage bolts and other accessories, all in grade 316 stainless steel necessary for the completion of the brackets.

6.10

Pre-Engineered Buildings Pre-engineered metal building shall be designed in accordance with ASCE 7-05 and the AISC 360-05 code. Performance requirements for deflection and building drift of preengineered metal building shall refer to Section 6.2 of this document. The longitudinal drift (perpendicular to the frames) shall also be checked. The pre-engineered building lists are as follows:

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a. Coal yard storage shed b. Limestone storage shed

7.0 7.1

FOUNDATION Design Principle The size of footing shall be determined such that working soil pressure or pile stress shall not exceed the allowable soil bearing pressure or allowable pile bearing capacity. The total combined loads for footing size shall be in accordance with clause 4.2.2. For the structural design of footing, the combined effects of loading combinations shall be in accordance with clause 4.2.3

7.2

Factors of Safety Overturning Sliding Buoyancy Soil Bearing Capacity for Pile Foundation
-

: : : : : : : :

1.5 1.5 1.25 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0

Compression Load Tension Load Static Pile Load Test Dynamic Load Test(PDA)

Soil Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundation

The forces to be used to compute the safety factor shall be based from the clause 4.2.2 load combinations. However, the aforementioned safety factor could be adjusted for temporary structures. 7.3 Shallow Foundation General foundation can be either footings or mats. They consist of reinforced concrete slabs formed directly on a prepared soil base or pile. Footings may be spread, combined or continuous. Allowable bearing capacity on foundation for the various combinations of footing dimensions and embedment shall be based on the site specific Soil Investigation and Geotechnical Report (Document No. MD1-0-T-070-07-00018).

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7.4

Pile Foundation Piles are vertical members used to transmit the loads of the superstructure to lower layer in the soil mass. The load transfer mechanism relies both on the skin resistance along the surface contact of the pile with the soil and on the end bearing on a dense or firm layer. The preliminary design bearing capacity of a pile will be estimated using the static calculation method and shall be revised by the results of the preliminary pile load test. Also, design loading capacity of piled shall e confirmed by working pile load test.

Pile design procedure

Preliminary design of bearing capacity using the static calculation

Preliminary pile load test

Design capacity revision

Confirmation of design capacity by working pile load test

1) The minimum center-to-center spacing and the edge of footing to center of pile shall be 2.5 times and 1.25 times the pile diameter respectively. Minimum pile embedment in pile cap shall be 100mm. 2) Allowable pile capacity Two (2) types of piles will be used, and the preliminary allowable capacity of each pile will be as follows. PILE Bored Pile (D=800mm) Permanent Compression Horizontal Tension 3300 KN 200 KN 500 KN PC SPUN PILE (D=400mm) Permanent 1100 KN 30 KN 240 KN Earthquake 1300 KN 90 KN 320 KN

Note: 1) The calculation for allowable capacity of PC & Bored pile would be submitted at a later time. (Refer to document no. MD1-0-T-050-05-016, Method statement of pile load test) 2) The bored pile tension value will be revised as per the result of preliminary pile loads test at site.

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7.5

Machine Foundations Vibrating equipment foundation shall be designed primarily according to manufacturers foundation acceptance criteria satisfying permissible vibration amplitudes, allowable differential settlements, foundation inclination and static deflection due to loads and other limitations as applicable. Foundations and structures supporting rotating machinery shall be proportioned so that their natural frequency shall not fall within the range of 0.8 to 1.2 of the frequency of the machinery at normal operating conditions unless other or strict requirements are specified by the manufacturer. Where dynamic analysis is not required to be performed, the following minimum ratio of foundation weight with respect to equipment weight shall be as follows: Inherently balanced centrifugal and rotary pumps, fans and compressors Unbalanced reciprocating compressors and pumps 3:1 5:1

Reference to the design of heavy vibrating equipment foundation will based on Design of Large Steam Turbine-Generator Foundations by ASCE Committee or to other applicable codes and standards like ACI 351.3R-04 Foundations for Dynamic Equipment.

7.6

Limiting Angular Distortion for Differential Settlement of Foundation The differential settlement will be assessed and applied on a structure to structure basis as appropriate. During each individual structure design the maximum settlement can be calculated and judgement made as to whether it should be applied to the analysis model. The maximum allowable differential settlement would be determined as follow; Limiting Angular Distortion, /SL 0.004 0.005
Note: 1) Refer to the FHWA Chapter 8.0 Shallow Foundations. 2) is differential settlement, SL is the span length. The quantity, /SL, is dimensionless and is applicable when the same units are used for and SL, i.e., if is expressed in millimeters then SL should also be expressed in millimeters.

Type of Bridge Multiple-span (continuous span) Single-span

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8.0 8.1

PIPE RACK STRUCTURE Layout And Geometry Yard pipe racks will generally be designed as braced frames in the longitudinal direction and as a series of transverse rigid frame main bents. Longitudinal beams shall be provided as required to support piping or transfer thrusts to a braced bay (anchor bay). Intermediate crossbeam shall be provided as required to reduce the unsupported length of piping, conduit or cable trays. Intermediate beams shall span between the longitudinal beams parallel to the main transverse bents. Longitudinal stability of pipe racks shall be achieved by knee brace, braced bay or other systems depending on the magnitude of forces and layout. Pipe racks must be designed with expansion joints in the structural system spaced not more than 50m apart. Horizontal bracing of top flange in the plane of the transverse beams shall be considered at anchor bents due to the large horizontal loading.

8.2 8.2.1

Loads And Load Combinations Vertical Load Vertical loads shall be due to weight of pipes, insulation, valves and other accessories, weight of fluid passing through the pipe, weight of the supporting structures and hydro-test weight of pipes.

8.2.2

Piping Horizontal Load

1) Frictional Force Parallel to the Pipe With due regard to the friction forces caused by the expansion and contraction of pipe sliding across the pipe support, pipe support shall be designed for horizontal forces 2) Anchor Force The beams of anchor bays shall be designed for anchor forces as given by piping engineer.

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8.2.3

Load Combination For Allowable Stress Design D D+T+L D + 0.75(L + T) D + (W or 0.7E) D + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L 0.6D + W 0.6D + 0.7E

For Ultimate Strength Design 1.4D 1.2(D + T) + 1.6L 1.2D + (L or 0.8W) 1.2D + 1.6W + L 1.2D + E + L 0.9D + 1.6W 0.9D + E

where, D : Dead load W : Wind load E : Earthquake load (Horizontal + Vertical components if applicable) T : Thermal load (piping friction load) L : Live load ( Hydro-test load, piping anchor load) Allowable Stress design is for steel structures, according to provisions of AISC, including the additional requirements in Section 6 above. Ultimate strength design is for concrete structures, according to the provisions of ACI 318, including the additional requirements in Section 7 above. During hydro-test of pipes with full of water, this load shall not be combined with any other piping horizontal load, wind and earthquake load. Piping friction forces are not considered to act at the same time as wind or earthquake forces, unless these friction forces are caused by normal operation conditions.

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9.0

DRAINAGE In principle, the proposed drainage system will be underground piping system or of open drains or a combination of the two. It will be separated into the following four categories. Storm water drainage Sanitary wastewater drainage Plant wastewater(oily, chemical) drainage Coal wastewater drainage Ash wastewater drainage

9.1

Storm Water Drainage The storm water drainage system will be provided to cater for the non-contaminated surface water runoff which will be collected from roof, roads, hard standings and impervious areas. Rain water from the oily contaminated area will be led separately for treatment. Open U ditch will be provided on either side of roads in addition to the network of drains in plant yard area which is composed of catch basin and underground drainage pipe. The rain water drainage system is planned by dividing the area into several catchment areas, and rain water collected from each catchment area will be finally discharged to south and north storm water discharge terminal point (C3 &C4) shown on ITB dwg. 28990-00-CITDR-0002 through underground concrete pipe or open U-ditch.

9.2

Sanitary wastewater drainage Sewage / sanitary wastewater from sewage generating buildings will be led to the septic tanks located close to each building. The effluent from each septic tank will be transferred by pumping to centralized sewage treatment plant for biological treatment. And treated effluent will be piped by gravity to the seal pit structure. The drain pipe will be laid on sand bedding. Drainage works crossing the road shall be mostly with concrete encasing to protect pipe in case of the cover depth less than 1.2m. Sanitary water manholes will be provided with appropriate intervals at every change of direction, gradient or diameter of sewer pipeline.

9.3

Plant wastewater(chemical, oily) drainage Plant wastewater coming from oily and chemical contaminated areas will be firstly conveyed to the waste water collecting pit by gravity flow, from which the collected waste water will be transferred by pumping to the waste water treatment plant. Treated water from

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treatment plant will be discharged to the C.W. discharge channel or ash transportation feedwater pit. And ash contaminated waste water will be trasfered separately to ash pond by pump.

9.4

Coal wastewater drainage Any contaminated wastewater from coal handling sysem drainages, including coal pile storage area and coal handling area will be collected to coal run-off basin and re-used for coal pile spray water after coal particle sedimentation.

9.5

Ash wastewater drainage Any contaminated wastewater from ash handling system drainages, including bottom ash silo, fly ash silo area and ash slurry system area will be collected to ash handling area sump and transfered to normal wastewater pond by using chemical sump pumps.

10.0

PAVEMENT Roads within the plant will be designed of sufficient width and strength concrete pavement. Perimeter Roads will be designed of asphalt flexible pavement. Concrete paving shall be provided where petrol and/or chemical spillage or leakage may occur. Road works consisting of rigid or flexible pavements shall be laid on a firm sub-grade and non-cohesive bedding material for bedding of road-stone foundation shall be laterite/sand mixture in conformity with approved codes and standards and local authorities requirements. Crusher run shall be graded crushed dolomite stones obtained from one source, free from dirt or other deleterious matter and shall meet the gradation requirements of approved codes and standards.

10.1

Load Traffic flow for the internal road and access road shall be taken as medium classification designed for AASHTO HS 20-44, static axle load.

10.2

Concrete paving Concrete paving will be provided inside of Boiler area, ESP, chimney and chemical spill containment dike. The concrete paving will be concrete of Fcu = 35MPa reinforced with one(1) layer of steel welded wire fabric laid over granular material compacted up to 90% of

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maximum dry density. Minimum pavement would be designed as subject to the design. Boiler, ESP, stack area will be finished with floor hardener.

10.3

Gravel paving Appropriate areas in switchyard, transformer area and water treatment area will be covered with a 100mm thickness of crushed stone/gravel of approved quality and grading, and adequately levelled to even surface.

10.4

Other area The inside of Fuel oil tank farm dike will be finished gravel top on sand layer and HDPE membrane over compacted ground. Coal stock pile area will be covered with impervious clay layers of 200mm thick and impermeable HDPE liner on the compacted ground and another sand layer before lacing the gravel layer The area not occupied by buildings, structures, equipment, roads, pavement and other facilities will be treated with green landscaping with the lawn per the approved drawings.

10.5

Ground Cover Ramps shall have a minimum of 100 mm thick crushed rock sprayed with fluid asphalt suitable for hot climates. Unpaved areas around process units shall have 100 mm thick landscaped with the lawn seeding.

10.6

Walkways Walkways shall be designed for pedestrian traffic and shall be a minimum of 100 mm concrete slab or 60mm precast concrete paving.

10.7

Cross Slopes for Roads Cross slopes for roads shall be 2% for bituminous or stone surfacing, if not shown otherwise on the drawings.

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10.8

Road Elevations Unless otherwise shown on drawings, gradient on all roads within the boundary of the plant area shall not exceed 5%.

10.9

Design of Flexible Pavement

10.9.1 Design code AASHTO Interim Guide for Design of Pavement Structure (1993)

10.9.2 Pavement Design 1) Design life: 25 years 2) Terminal serviceability index (Pt): 2.0 for secondary highway 3) Traffic Traffic is expressed as the sum of equivalent 18kip (80kN) single-axle load converted from the varying axle loads. Traffic load Design traffic
For Perimeter Road For Internal Road : : 200 axles per day 50 axles per day

32 kip (142kN) axle load as per HS 20-44 loading

Number of equivalent 18 kip single axle loads for all axle groups

W t 18 N t Pi ei
i 1

where,
W
t 18

: Total numbers of equivalent 18-kip single-axle load application for all lanes and both direction of travel during design life.

Nt:
Pi :

Total number of axles Percent of axles in load group i Traffic equivalent factor for load group i

ei :

Total equivalent 18-kip single-axle load for design lane

W 18 W t 18 DD DL

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where,
W t 18 : Total number of equivalent 18-kip single-axle load application for all

lanes and both direction of travel during design life.

DD :

Directional distribution factor 50% of the traffic to each direction

DL :

Lane distribution factor 100% of the traffic in each direction to the design lane

4) Soil Support Value of Sub-grade (S) The proper value of soil support of sub-grade will be used for the design with CBR value of sub-grade as per Figure C.3-1 of AASHTO Interim Guide.

5) Structural Number (SN) SN = a1D1 + a2D2 + a3D3 where, a1, a2, a3 : Layer coefficients representative of surface, base and sub-base course respectively. D1, D2, D3 : Actual thickness, in cm, of surface, base and sub-base courses respectively.

6) Alternative Procedure for Determining Thickness of Layer An alternative procedure may be used to determine the thickness for each of component layer of pavement.

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W Where,

a, D, and SN are as defi ned in the text, t and are e minimum required va alues. An n asterisk with w D or SN N indicates that t it repres sents the va alue actually used, whi ich mu ust be equa al to or grea ater than the e required value. v

Minimum m Layer Thickness Surface cours se Base course Sub-base course : 50m mm : 100 0mm : 100 0mm

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7) Design Cha art for Flexible Paveme ent, Pt = 2.0 0

Design D Chart t for Flexible e Pavement, Pt = 2.0

8) Minimum Layer L Thickn ness Surface cours se Base course Sub-base course : 50m mm : 100 0mm : 100 0mm

<Note> > This doc cument wou uld be upda ated to inc clude the re elevant des sign parameters for rigid pavemen nts, marine e works, d drain flows s and stac ck superstr ructure etc c., before the respectiv ve designs are issued.

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