1.

The velocity of a ball bearing falling from rest through syrup _________ with distance fallen
A

decreases linearly from zero

increases from zero to a maximum

increases linearly from zero

stays constant at a non-zero value

(Total 1 mark)

2.
y

Variable on y-axis

Variable on x-axis

The kinetic energy of a car accelerating

Displacement from starting position uniformly from rest

(Total 1 mark)

3.
y

x
A

Variable on y-axis

x
B

x
C

x
D

Variable on x-axis

The acceleration of a feather falling near to

Height above the Moons surface the Moons surface

(Total 1 mark)

4.

A shot putter launches the shot at an angle of 30o to the horizontal. The throw is repeated with the

same launch speed, but this time at an angle of 40o to the horizontal. Which of the following is not correct?
A

The horizontal range is greater

The horizontal velocity component is increased

The maximum height reached is greater

The shot is in the air for longer

(Total 1 mark)

5.

Steel can be classified as a strong material. This is because

A

it is difficult to deform

it has a large ultimate tensile stress value

it has a large Young modulus value

it breaks shortly after its proportional limit

(Total 1 mark)

6.

Complete the gaps in the following paragraph by selecting appropriate words from the following list.
compressive

density

energy

force

mass

stiff

tensile

tough

Increasingly, drinks containers are made out of polymers rather than glass. A container
made from a polymer such as polythene has several advantages over a glass container.
Polythene has low ..........................................., and so the ........................................... of
the container is kept low. Polythene is also ........................................... and so can
absorb a large amount of ........................................... before breaking. Glass is
only strong under ........................................... forces but polythene is also strong
under ........................................... forces.
(Total 3 marks)

7.

(a)

Near schools the speed limit is 20 mph. It is claimed that reducing the speed limit from 30 mph
(13.3 m s1) to 20 mph (8.9 m s1) halves the risk of serious injury in a car accident.

When a car is involved in a crash, the collision energy depends upon the cars speed just before impact.

(i)

Determine

kinetic energy of car travel ling at 20 mph

.
kinetic energy of car travel ling at 30 mph

kinetic energy of car travel ling at 20 mph

= ........................................................
kinetic energy of car travel ling at 30 mph
(1)

(ii)

To what extent does your answer support the claim?

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

(2)

(b)
A car of mass 1200 kg is in a crash. The front bumper of the car deforms, and the car is brought to rest from
an initial speed of 10 m s1 in a distance of 0.12 m. By considering the work done on the car as it is brought to rest,
calculate the average impact force that acts.

Average impact force = ................................. (3)

(c)
Modern cars include crumple zones to reduce the size of the impact force. Suggest how the crumple zones
do this.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

8.

A skydiver accelerates towards the ground at 9.81 m s2 at the instant that he leaves the aeroplane.
(a)

Explain why his acceleration will decrease as he continues to fall.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

The skydiver opens his parachute. Explain why he reaches a terminal velocity shortly afterwards.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

The velocity at which he then hits the ground is similar to that achieved when falling freely from a height of

3 m. Calculate this velocity.

Velocity = ................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

30.

A student is surprised to read that the optimum angle for a long football throw-in is below 35, having
been taught to assume an angle of 45 for maximum range.
She investigates projectile motion with the following spreadsheet showing the variation of horizontal
and vertical components of velocity with time. She has assumed there is no air resistance.

A
1
2
3

launch speed / m s1
launch angle /

time / s

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
(a)

B
15.2
45

horizontal component of
velocity vh/ m s1
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2

vertical component of
velocity vv/ m s1
10.7
8.8
6.8
4.9
2.9
0.9
1.0
3.0
4.9
6.9
8.9
10.8

Write the formula which is used to calculate cell C6, the vertical component of velocity after 0.2
s.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

The vertical component changes with time but the horizontal component is constant.
Explain why the values in cells B5 to B16 are all the same.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)

What is the significance of the negative values in column C?

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)

The student sketches the components of the balls velocity for three different times.
10.7 m s1

8.8 m s1

10.7 m s1

10.7 m s1
t = 0.0 s

t = 0.2 s

.......... m s 1

.......... m s1
t = 0.4 s

(i)

Complete the diagram for time t = 0.4 s.

(1)

(ii)

Calculate the balls velocity at time t = 0.4 s.

(Give its direction as the angle to the horizontal.)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Magnitude = .....................................................
Direction = .......................................................
(4)

(e)

(i)

The launch angle is changed to 35. Calculate the initial vertical and horizontal velocity
components. The launch speed remains at 15.2 m s1.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

Vertical component of velocity = .............................................................

Horizontal component of velocity = ........................................................
(2)
(ii)

Suggest a reason why a football thrown at 35 to the horizontal travels a greater distance
than one thrown at 45.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 11 marks)

35.

A flea jumps vertically from a surface. It does this by rapidly extending its legs so that it experiences an
upward force. Figure 1 shows the flea before it begins its jump. Figure 2 shows the flea the moment its
legs are fully extended and about to leave the surface.

0.44 mm

(a)

Explain how Newtons third law accounts for the upward force produced.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

(i)

At the moment the fleas legs leave the surface its body is raised 0.44 mm and it is moving
at a speed of 0.95 m s1. Show that the average acceleration of the flea during take-off is
about 1000 m s2.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii)

The mass of the flea is 4.0 107 kg. Calculate the resultant vertical force acting on the
flea.
...........................................................................................................................
Resultant vertical force = ..................................
(1)

(c)

(i)

What constant force opposes the upward motion of the flea?

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Air resistance also opposes the motion of the flea. At the instant the fleas legs leave the
surface it is travelling at 0.95 m s1. It takes a further 9.3 102 s to reach its maximum
height. Calculate the change in height it achieves during this time. Assume its deceleration
is constant.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Change in height = ............................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

38.

A medieval siege engine, called a trebuchet, uses a pivoted lever arm to fire a rock projectile. Figure 1
shows a trebuchet which is ready to fire. The gravitational potential energy (Egrav) of the large stone
counter weight is converted into Egrav and kinetic energy (Ek) of the small projectile and Ek of the
counter weight.

v
Figure 2

NOT TO SCALE

Figure 1

4.0 m

counte

t
rweigh

16 m
Pivot

1.0 m
Supporting
frame

Projectile

Pivot

4.0 m
1.0 m

Ground

(a)

The mass of the counter weight is 760 kg. It falls through 5 m. Show that the Eg it loses is about
37 000 J.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

(i)

The mass of the projectile is 55 kg. Its height increases by 20 m as the lever arm rotates.
Show that the total Ek of the projectile and the counterweight is about 26 000 J.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

(ii)

State one assumption you have made in your calculation of the Ek.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

(2)

(1)
(iii)

The equation below can be used to find the speed v.

2

26 000 J =

1
1
v
760 kg 55 kg v2
2
2
4
2

1
v
Explain the term 760 kg in this equation.
2
4
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

(2)

(c)

Solving this equation gives a speed v of 22.5 m s1.

(i)
Assuming the trebuchet launches its projectile horizontally over level ground, calculate
the time of flight of the projectile.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Time = ..............................................................
(2)
(ii)

Calculate the distance the projectile travels before it hits the ground.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Distance = ........................................................
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

63.

Some world class soccer players are famous for being able to bend their free kicks, i.e. to make the ball
deviate from a straight path. They do this by getting the ball to spin when they kick it. The ball
experiences a sideways force due to its spinning motion, so it moves sideways as well as forwards, as
shown on the diagram.
North
Sideways
displacement of ball
West

Curved path of ball

Path of ball
without
curving
View from above

Ball

Ignore vertical motion throughout the question.

30 m

A player kicks a ball, giving it a velocity of 25 m s1 northwards. Calculate the time taken for the ball to
travel 30 m North. Assume the component of velocity in this direction remains constant.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Time = .................................
(2)
The sideways force causes an acceleration to the west of 8 m s2. Calculate the westward component
of the balls velocity after it has travelled 30 m North. Assume the force remains constant and
continues to act in a westward direction.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Westward component of velocity = .................................................
(2)
Calculate the westward displacement of the ball after it has travelled 30 m North.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Displacement = .................................
(2)
Determine the velocity of the ball, stating its magnitude and direction, after it has travelled
30 m North.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Magnitude of velocity = ..................................
Direction of velocity = ....................................
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Children can seriously injure themselves when falling off bicycles if they land on upturned handlebars. A
new design incorporates a spring inside the grip as shown below.
Grip

Handlebar

The grip needs to be tough.

(i)

What does tough mean?

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Suggest a suitable tough material.

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

The behaviour of the spring over the range of compression expected in a fall is elastic.
What is meant by elastic?
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(1)
The maximum compression of the spring is 9.0 cm. Its stiffness is 1250 N m1. The spring obeys
Hookes law. For maximum compression calculate
(i)
the force in the spring,
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Force = ...................................................
(ii)

the energy stored in the spring.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Energy = .................................................
(4)

The mass of a child is 30 kg. Calculate the childs weight. Discuss how this new design could reduce the
seriousness of an injury.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(3)
The Young modulus of the material of a wire can be related to the stiffness of the wire. A student
suggests that if the cross-sectional area of the spring and the initial length of the spring were known,
then the Young modulus of the spring material could be calculated using the data given in this
question. Explain why this is incorrect.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(2)
(16 Marks)