Classificaion of Matter

Marian Franciesca A. Santos De La Salle University-Dasmarias Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines

ABSTRACT The classification of matter is the topic for experiment. The property of the given chemicals includes its physical state, color, appearance, solubility in water, attraction to magnet, and classification. To get the chemicals accurate property, the iron filling and sulfur were first observe and then tested with a magnet to know how they react to magnet. The two substances were also mixed to know their physical state, color and appearance and attraction to magnet as one. Their solubility in water was also tested after theyre combined, mixed and heated, and unchanged. The separation of Naphthalene, Sodium Chloride and Sand was also done. The weight of the substance and its container were measured. Their percentages were also calculated. The experimental procedure was a success as the results were all accurate. Through this experimental procedure we will learn how to classify matters.

INTRODUCTION Matter can be classified in many ways, such as by color, or texture, or even its physical state at room temperature. It can be a mixture or a pure substance. Substances cannot be separated without breaking chemical bonds, whereas mixtures are composed of substances not chemically bonded together. Mixtures is subdivided by the heterogeneous mixture which is a mixture of two or more chemical substances and the homogeneous mixture which is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and every part of the solution has the same properties. They can be separated through the process of decantation, filtration, evaporation and extraction. On the other hand, Substance can be an element, a chemical substance that is made up of a single type of atom, or a compound, which is two or more 1 elements combined into one substance through a chemical reaction.( )

MATERIALS AND METHODS In the iron filling and sulfur experiment, the substances were placed on a watch glass, weighed and observed. Their attraction to magnet was also tested using a magnet. They were mixed using mortar and pestle and change in temperature was introduced to the chemicals when they are heated to redness. After the heating process the chemicals were again tested to test their attraction to magnet and their solubility in water, where water is applied on the heated, mixed, mixed and heated and pure chemicals. Separation of Naphthalene, Sodium Chloride and Sand was the focus of the second experiment. The mass of the mixture of naphthalene, sodium chloride, sand and its container was measured

separately and together. The mixture was heated and cooled to room temperature. The mixture was transferred to a beaker and 20mL water was added. Its residue was washed with water. The residue was mixed with the first supernatant and weighed. The newly combined solid residue was dried over water bath and was evaporated over low flame. After the heating process, the mass of the finish product and its container(beaker) was measured.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The result of the iron filing and sulfur experiment was recorded on the table below. The properties of the Iron filing, sulfur, mixture of iron filing and sulfur, and heated iron filing and sulfur shows accuracy to the theoretical properties of the chemicals. The difference between elements, mixtures and compounds were determined in the experimental procedure. The physical state, color, appearance, solubility in water and attraction to magnet were also determined and recorded.

Property Physical State (solid/liquid/gas) Color Appearance (crystalline/metallic/ powdery) Solubility in Water

Iron Filing

Sulfur

Iron Filing + Sulfur solid green-like

Heated Iron filing + Sulfur solid brown

Solid Black

solid light green

Crystalline

powdery

powdery

metallic

Insoluble

insoluble

insoluble

insoluble

Attraction to Magnet

Paramagnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

paramagnetic

Classification

Element

element

mixture

mixture

Naphthalene, sodium chloride and sand were used for the second experiment. The separation of the combined chemicals is the focus of this experiment. This second table summarizes the recorded measurements of the chemicals and containers and their percentages.

Sample Naphthalene Sodium Chloride Sand

Wt. of sample 15.7g 49.5g 20g

Wt. of container 51.3g 142.5g 142.5g

Wt. of container and sample 77.0g 192g 162.5g

% of sample 20.39 34.73 12.30

The accuracy of the results hinged the success of the experiment. The different properties of elements and mixtures were determined and the separation of the mixtures was also done. In separating mixtures filtration, decantation, and electrolysis are some of the methods that can be used.

REFERENCES Classification of Matter retrieved November 30 from https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/introduction-tochemistry/classification-of-matter/substances-and-mixtures/ 2 Balasta, M.L.F.et. al. Laboratory Manual and Workbook for General Chemistry. Part Two. Manila: Integrated Research Canter, DLSU 1983