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CERTIFICATE
Certified that the seminar report entitled ROAD ENERGY SYSTEM: ENERGY FROM ASPHALT carried out by Mr. Pratik K. Maske a bonafide student of 7th Semester in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering of Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, during the year 2013-2014. It is certified that the corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report department library. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
An endeavor over long period can be successful only with advice and guidance of many well wishers. My sincere thanks to the management and Prof. Anil K. Gawhane, principal, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Institute of Technology, for providing me the opportunity to conduct my seminar work. I am highly indebted to Prof. Niermal Chhajed, H.O.D, Electrical Engineering Department, AVBIT for his assistance and constant source of encouragement. I wish to express my profound and deep sense of gratitude to Ms. Kalyani C. Wakhare, Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, Project Co-coordinator, for sparing her valuable time to extend help in every step of my seminar work. I whole heartedly express my thanks to, Mr. Nikhil S. Barahate, Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department, AVBIT for sparing time to go through every tiny detail and give his valuable suggestions to make this seminar report a success. Id like to thank Ms. Sneha S. Palkar, Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department, AVBIT, for her valuable support and guidance throughout the seminar. I would also like to thank the staff of Electrical Engineering Dept. for their generous guidance. Last but not the least I would like to thank our friends and family for their help in every way for the success of this project report. PRATIK K. MASKE
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Contents Abstract Introduction Problem of Definition Road Energy System Utilization 1. Heating/ Cooling 2. Generation of Electricity Storing Energy in the Ground Improved Traffic Safety Increasing the Durability of Road Construction Increasing the Durability of Concrete Structures Environmental Gain Economic Benefits Applications Alternative Applications The Process Facts about RES Conclusion References
Abstract
In recent years it has become increasingly evident that the fossil fuels used to generate energy are not inexhaustible and that their use is harmful to the environment (Greenhouse effect). The conventional resources used for electricity generation are depleting at an exponential rate. Hence there is an urgent need to develop and commercialize alternative sources for electricity generation, which preferably should be eco-friendly unlike fossil fuels. In summer our cities gets warm/ hot because the dark asphalt on the roads absorbs the suns rays so efficiently, pushing temperatures up to 45- 50 degrees Celsius (118-128 degrees Fahrenheit). While we do not often think of it this way, when asphalt heats up, what it is doing very effectively is collecting solar energy. Considering the massive surface area covered by roads and parking lots in the average Indian cities, this is a huge amount of free power that is right now being lost. This heat energy can be harnessed via a series of connected water pipes embedded in the asphalt, using it to both heat/cool buildings and can be used to generate electricity. From this system we can extract about 270kw per square meter a year. The aim of Road Energy Systems is to achieve energy savings by using thermal energy stored in aquifers for cooling and/ or heating in commercial and industrial buildings, residential areas and the agricultural sector. This system can also be used for generation of electricity using binary cycle power plant.
INTRODUCTION
Current energy scenario indicates that the 75% of energy requirement is met by fossil fuels. Nuclear energy contributes to about 3% and 9% is met by hydel energy, 12% of energy consumption is met by biogas and remaining sources like wind, tidal, wave, solar, contribute to about 1%.
ELECTRICITY GENERATED
FOSSIL FUEL HYDEL NUCLEAR RENEWABLE SOURCES
12% 9% 3%
76%
PROBLEM OF DEFINITION
The extensive usage of non-renewable energy sources has resulted in an energy crisis, and there is a need to develop and commercialize alternative energy sources for electricity generation and to achieve energy savings, which will not only ease the crisis but preserve the environment. This seminar gives an idea about RES a less complex method for heating/ cooling and generation of electricity.
UTILIZATION
The Road Energy Systems, works a little like Geothermal energy system/ heat pumps, only its not the Earth but the asphalt that heats the water in the pipes in summer. The generated hot water can be utilized for; 1. Heating/ Cooling buildings. 2. Generating electricity.
1. HEATING/ COOLING
IN SUMMER
a) The ventilation fans in the building pumps hot air into the heat exchanger in which cold water is pumped from the cold water aquifer. b) The hot air gets cooled and is utilized to cool the building. c) The cool water extracts the heat from hot air and rises its temperature. This hot water is then pumped to hot aquifer through the pipelines below road. The temperature of hot water is further increased by the heat energy absorbed by the road.
IN WINTER
a) The ventilation fans in the building pumps cool air into the heat exchanger in which hot water, saved in the hot aquifer during summer, is pumped. b) The cool air extract the heat from hot water and becomes hot, this hot air is then utilized for heating the buildings. c) The hot water turns into cold water and it is then pumped through road pipelines to the cold water aquifer.
Binary cycle power plant
2. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
If the water that reaches the surface is not hot enough to produce steam, it can still be used to produce electricity by feeding hot water into a Binary Power Plant. The hot water goes through heat exchanger, heats up working fluid such as iso-butane/ iso-pentane which boils at a lower temperature. The working fluid gets converted into steam and is used to drive turbines, producing electricity. The working fluid then condenses back to its liquid state and is used again.
durability
of
road
Road Energy Systems can be used to reduce variations in temperature that can occur in an asphalt layer, thereby extending the life of the asphalt construction. Cooling and heating asphalt also reduces general wear and tear. Because these asphalt constructions are less prone to cracking, there will also be less damage caused by freezing and thawing. In addition, the combination of temperature regulation and a specially reinforced structure will extend the life of the asphalt construction even further.
Applications
Loading platforms (at company premises and airports, harbors, bus and train stations/ platforms); Keeping roads, engineering structures and airport runways free of snow and ice; Heating and cooling buildings; Road Energy Systems can be put down as thin asphalt layers on both new and existing pavement.
Alternative applications
Heating and cooling sports fields, soils used for cultivation of crops (cold crop cultivation) and greenhouses. The heat can also be used for biological soil sanitation purposes.
The process
Before using Road Energy Systems, a number of tests need to be carried out during the preliminary stage: - The energy requirements of the building, road or structure has to be determined; - Determination of the surface area, structural division and location of the asphalt collector; - The mix composition and engineering properties of the asphalt construction have to be determined,
Environmental gain
Reduction in CO2 emissions Using Road Energy Systems to heat buildings means using less fossil fuel, which reduces CO2 emissions.
CONCLUSION
Done successfully, harnessing this power could simultaneously cool off the street surface and send the heat somewhere useful. The cooler roads would have a longer lifespan and the free & clean solar energy would be going to beneficial activities, reducing the need to build power sources elsewhere. In the end, the best way to beat the heat may be to get it working for us.
3. www.ooms.nl 4. www.invisibleheating.co.uk
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