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Overview
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Binary Addition
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Half Adder n Full Adder n Ripple Carry Adder n Carry Lookahead Adder
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5-May-09
1-bit Adder
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Circuit implementation requires 2 outputs; one to indicate the sum and another to indicate the carry .
Chapter 3 -iv: Combinational Logic Design (3.8) 3
5-May-09
Half Adder
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Performs 11 -bit addition. Inputs: A0, B0 Outputs: S0, C1 Index indicates significance, 0 is for LSB and 1 is for the next higher significant bit. Boolean equations:
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A0 B0 S0 C1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
Truth Table
5-May-09
S0 = A0B0+A0B0 = A0 B0 C1 = A0B0
Block Diagram
A0 C1 B0 A0 B0 S0
Logic Diagram
C1
5-May-09
n-bit Addition
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Design an nn-bit binary adder which performs the addition of two nn-bit binary numbers and generates a nn-bit sum and a carry out. out. Example: Let n=4
Cout C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 +B3 B2 B1 B0 -------------S3 S2 S1 S0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 +1 1 0 1 ---------1 0 1 0
5-May-09
Full Adder
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Full adder (for higherhigher-order bit addition) Combinational circuit that performs the additions of 3 bits (two bits and a carrycarryin bit)
Ai Bi Ci+1 1 bit full adder Si
5-May-09 Chapter 3 -iv: Combinational Logic Design (3.8) 7
Ci
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Si:
Ai Bi Ci
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
5-May-09
equations:
nYou
can design full adder circuit directly from the above equations (requires 3 ANDs and 1 OR for C i+1 and 2 XORs for Si) nCan we do better?
5-May-09 Chapter 3 -iv: Combinational Logic Design (3.8) 9
Ci+1 Ci
5-May-09 Chapter 3 -iv: Combinational Logic Design (3.8) 10
Simple design n Time consuming. Why? (youll see in a bit!) More complex than rippleripple-carry adder n Reduces circuit delay
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Constructed using n 1- bit full adder blocks in parallel. Cascade the full adders so that the carry out from one becomes the carry in to the next higher bit position.
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Circuit delay in an nn-bit ripple carry adder is determined by the delay on the carry path from the LSB (C0) to the MSB (C (Cn). Let the delay in a 11-bit FA be ? . Then, the delay of an n-bit ripple carry adder is n? n? .
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Alternative design for a combinational n-bit adder. Practical design with reduced delay at the expense of more complex hardware. See Wakerly 5.10.4
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