International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 6 pp 385-388 September 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

Effect of Windowing Methods on Performance of FIR filter Design

Deepak Nagar ME Scholars Electronics & Communication Deptt. NITTTR, Chandigarh Vinayak Yadav ME Scholar Electronics & Communication Deptt NITTTR, Chandigarh Rajesh Mehra Associate Professor Electronics & Communication Deptt. NITTTR, Chandigarh

ABSTRACT Digital filtering is one of the most powerful tools of digital signal processing. Their capability of delivering performance specifications, not possible with analog filter, justifies their use in adaptive filtering applications also. This paper focuses on design of FIR filters using various windowing techniques. The main advantage of windowing is that it is reasonably straightforward to obtain the filter impulse response with minimum computational effort. Mathematically ,the design of filter is to design the transfer function of the filter. Parameters determined are filter order and filter coefficients. Keywords: FIR ,impulse response, Rectangular, Hanning , Hamming windows, transfer function, impulse response.

The inverse of frequency response will be impulse response of the filter. The digital filter with finite samples of impulse response is FIR and with infinite samples of impulse response iS IIR.

II. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF FIR FILTER

The difference equation of FIR filter is

I. INTRODUCTION
Filter is a frequency selective device that removes some undesired feature from a signal. In other words, we know that an LTI system performs a type of discrimination or filtering among the various frequency components at its input. The nature of filtering action is determined by the frequency response characteristics, which is turn depend on choice of system parameters. So we have to make a proper choice of coefficients to design frequency selective filters that pass signals with frequency components in some bands and attenuate signals that contain frequency components in other bands. Filters are essential component of everyday electronics, radios, cell phones to name a few. Two major types of filters are FIR(finite impulse response) and IIR(infinite impulse response). Generally, the filter specifications will be a desired frequency response.

Where y(n) is filter output x(n) is the input h(k) are the coefficients the structure of FIR filter This equation shows that system has length M as limit of summations are from 0 to M-1. Expanding it, y(n)=h(0)x(n)+h(1)x(n-1)+..+h(M-1)x(n-M+1) to obtain the transfer function we can take the Z transform of the above relation H(z)= h(k)z -k Where summation extends from 0 to M-1 Taking Z transform, we get the impulse response limiting in the range 0 to M-1 The structure of filter can be constructed by using delay elements and adders as shown below.

IJSRET @ 2013

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 6 pp 385-388 September 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

III. DESIGN
There are four methods for FIR filter design: The window method The frequency sampling technique Optimal filter design methods Fourier series method In the windowing technique, we being with the desired frequency respone specification Hd(ejw) and determine the corresponding unit sample response hd(n), which is obtained by inverse fourier transform.

1. Rectangular window:

2. Hanning

window: Causal:

Non-Causal:

Where,
3. Hamming Window:

Causal:
The unit sample response will be an infinite sequency and must be truncated at some point say n=N-1 to yield and FIR filter of length N. The truncation is obtained by multiplying hd(n) by a window sequence w(n). The resultant sequence will be of length N and can be denoted by h(n).

Non-Causal:

. h(n) = hd (n) w(n)

The fourier transform of h(n) is the frequency response of the filter to be implemented in software and hardware. The Z transform of h(n) will give the system transfer function. So the frequency response of the filter depends on the frequency response of the window function. The desirable properties of the frequency response of window function are the following : 1 The width of the main lobe should be small and it should contain as much of the total energy as possible. 2 The side lobes should decrease in energy rapidly as tends to . There have been many windows proposed that approximates the desired characteristics. In what now follows in paper, is the discussion on various windows. Most commonly used windows are rectangular, Hamming, Hanning windows.

4. Blackman Window: Causal:

Non-Causal

5. Bartlett (Triangular) window:

IJSRET @ 2013

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 6 pp 385-388 September 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

IV.

SIMULATION RESULTS

Filter order=20, sampling frequency= 47000Hz, Cut-off frequency = 11000Hz 1. Magnitude response of rectangular window

5. Magnitude response of hamming window

2. Phase Response of rectangular window 6. Magnitude response of blackman window

3.

Magnitude response of hanning window 7. Phase response of blackman window

4. Phase response of hanning window

IJSRET @ 2013

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 6 pp 385-388 September 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

V. CONCLUSION The presence of only zeroes, non recursiveness, linear phase and flexibility in design enables FIR filter to be used in various fields. Since hamming window shows minimum ripples in passband and also has the narrow mainlobe and sidelobes, so it is very frequently used for design. REFERENCE 1. Emmanuel C. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Ifeachor, Digital Signal nd Processing 2 Edition, Pearson Education Ltd., 2002 S.Salivahanan & Vallavraj,Digital Signal Processing, TMH,2nd edition. Arojit Roychowdhury, Fir Filter Design Techniques, Electronic System group,Nov 2002 John. G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolaokis, Digital Signal Processing,Pearson Education, 4th edition Edmund Lai, Practical Digital Signal Processing for Engineers and Technicians 1st Edition, 2003 Suvarna Joshi and Bharati Ainapure, FPGA based Fir Filter 2010 International journal of engineering science and technology Performance Analysis of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Design Using Various Window Methods by Era Singhal, IJSRET, Aug 2012, Vol 1 Issue

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