UNIT 2 PRESENTE PERFECT VERB bear become begin bite break bring catch choose come do drink drive

eat fall feel fly freeze get go know lay lead lend lie lose ride PAST bore became began bit broke brought caught chose came did drank drove ate fell felt flew froze got went knew laid led lent lay lost rode PAST PARTICIPLE borne become begun bitten broken brought caught chosen come done drunk driven eaten fallen felt flown frozen got or gotten gone known laid led lent lain lost ridden

ring rise run say see set shake sing sink sit sleep speak steal swim take throw wear win write

rang rose ran said saw set shook sang sank or sunk sat slept spoke stole swam took threw wore won wrote

rung risen run said seen set shaken sung sunk sat slept spoken stolen swum taken thrown worn won written

Grammar Affirmative Sentences Subject I You He Have have have has Past Participle studied bought eaten Rest of the Sentence for the exam. a new computer. my chocolate.

She It We You They

has has have have have

written been won tried forgotten

an e-mail. cold this month. the championship. to learn a lot. my birthday.

Contractions The contracted form of the perfect tense is quite common: Have I have You have He has She has Contraction I've You've He's She's Examples I've spent all my money. You've worn that dress before. He's slept all morning. She's lost her purse.

It has We have You have They have

It's We've You've They've

It's fallen off the wall. We've chosen you for the job. You've begun to annoy me. They've drunk too much.

We use contractions a lot when we are speaking. Negative Sentences The contraction of the perfect tense in negative form is: Have not = Haven't Has not = Hasn't Subject I You He She It We You They Have haven't haven't hasn't hasn't hasn't haven't haven't haven't Past Participle studied bought eaten written been won tried forgotten Rest of the Sentence for the exam. a new computer. my chocolate. an e-mail. cold this month. the championship. to learn a lot. my birthday.

Questions Have Have Have Has Has Subject I you he she Past Participle been bought eaten written Rest of the Sentence chosen for the team? a new car? my sandwich? the letter?

Has Have Have Have

it we you they

started won kept driven

on time? a trophy? my secret? there?

When do we use the Present Perfect Tense? 1. Unspecified point in the past

I have been to Spain three times. (At some unspecified time in the past, I went to Spain).

Compare with the simple past:

I went to Spain three times in 2005. (specified time in the past - the year 2005)

2. An action that occurred in the past, but has a result in the present (now)

We can't find our luggage. Have you seen it? (The luggage was lost in the past, do you know where it is now?)

3. Talking about general experiences (ever, never) It usually refers to an event happening at some moment in your life.

Has she ever tried Chilean wine before? (in her life) I've never eaten monkey brains before. (in my life)

4. Events that recently occurred (just)

Do you want to go to a restaurant with me? No, thanks. I've just eaten lunch. (I recently ate lunch.)

5. Events that have occurred up to now (yet)

Are Carlos and Rodrigo here? No, they haven't arrived yet. (they're still not here now)

6. Events that occurred before you expected (already)

I've already graduated from University. (I expected to graduate at a later date.)

7. Events that began in the past and haven't changed (for, since)

Mike has worked at Woodward for 3 years. (Mike started working at Woodward 3 years ago and he still works there now.)

Julie has worked at Woodward since September last year. (Julie began working at Woodward in September of last year, and that hasn't changed - she still works here now.)

Example Karen has sent me an e-mail. Dave and Pat have visited the museum. I have been at the pet shop. They have already packed their rucksacks. Marcus has had an accident. We have done the shopping for our grandmother. I have just cleaned my bike. Emily has painted her room. Lisa and Colin have gone to a concert. My friends have given up smoking.

We have done the shopping for our grandmother. Marcus has had an accident. Emily has painted her room. Lisa and Colin have gone to a concert. I have just cleaned my bike. Karen has sent me an e-mail. My friends have given up smoking. I have been at the pet shop. Dave and Pat have visited the museum. They have already packed their rucksacks.

Have you ever been to ?

You can use the present perfect to talk about a place, city or country you have visited or travelled to. The present perfect is used to talk about IF, at any point in your life in the past, you have visited or travelled to a specific place. The present perfect is NOT used to talk about WHEN you did something. It is used to talk about IF you did something!

Question: Have you ever been to Rome, Italy? Correct answers: Yes, I have! Ive been to Rome (once, twice, etc.). Ive been there (once, twice, etc.). No, I havent! I havent been to Italy. I havent been there. Ive never been to Rome. Ive never been there.