ORBITAL MECHANICS FINAL TEST (Total: 200pts)

May 8, 2013 Instructor: Daero Lee

TEST TIME: 1:00~3:00 PM

Name(Printed):

You can use allowed two pages of a formula sheet and return it in the last page of your test. Use the gravitational parameter of the Earth as E 3.986 105 km3 / s2 and the Earth radius as
rE 6378 km.

1. Explain these terms or write the equations that you have studied in this orbital mechanics class. (30pts) 1) Write Vis-Viva equation. (2pts)

2) Write the fundamental equation of relative two-body motion and orbit equation. (4pts)

3) Explain the restricted three-body problem in words only. (3pts)

4) Explain perifocal and geocentric equatorial frames. (4pts)

5) Ground track (3pts)

6) Impulsive maneuver (3pts)

7) Phasing maneuver (3pts)

8) Sphere of Influence (SOI) (3pts)

9) Write the relative acceleration formula or the five-term acceleration formula. (3pts)

10) Synodic period (2pts) 2

2. A meteoroid is first observed approaching the Earth when it is 402,000 km from the center of the Earth with a true anomaly of 150. If the speed of the meteoroid at that time is 2.23 km/s, calculate (30pts) (a) the eccentricity of the trajectory (b) the altitude at closest approach in km (c) the speed at closest approach in km/s.

3. An earth-orbiting satellite has a period of 15.743 hours and a perigee radius of 12,756 km. At time t= 10 hours after perigee passage, determine: (30pts) (a) The radius in km (b) The speed in km/s (c) The radial component of the velocity in km/s Hint) Repeat Newtons method twice when you compute the eccentric anomaly.

4. The space station and spacecraft A and B are all in the same circular earth orbit of 350 km altitude. Spacecraft A is 600 km behind the space station and Spacecraft B is 600 km ahead of the space station. At the same instant, both spacecraft apply a v so as to arrive at the space station in one revolution of their phasing orbits. (40pts) (a) Calculate the times required for each spacecraft to reach the space station. (b) Calculate the total delta-v requirement for each spacecraft.

5. A spacecraft is launched on a mission to Mars starting from a 300 km circular parking orbit. Calculate (a) the delta-v required (km/s) (b) the location of perigee of the departure hyperbola (deg) (c) the amount of propellant required as a percentage of the spacecraft mass before the delta-v burn, assuming a specific impulse of 300 seconds. (30pts) The gravitational parameters for the Sun and the Earth are: s 1.327 1011 km3 /s2 , E 3.986 105 km3 /s2 and the orbital radii of the Earth and Mars are: RE 1.496 108 km, RM 2.279 108 km

6. Consider two bodies m1 and m2 moving under the action of just their mutual gravitation, and let their orbit around each other be a circle of radius r12 . Consider a non-inertial, co-moving frame of reference xyz whose origin lies at the center of mass G of the two-body system, with the x -axis directed towards m2, as shown in this figure. (40pts)

The constant, inertial angular velocity of the co-moving frame of reference xyz to some inertial frame is given by . The locations of x1 and x2 are given by: k x1 r12
x2 (1 ) r12 where the dimensionless mass ratio and (1 ) are given by: m2 m1 , 1 m1 m2 m1 m2 The position vector of the secondary body relative to the center of mass is: r x i y j zk

Derive the three scalar equations of motion for the restricted three-body problem using the relative acceleration formula and Newtons second law for the secondary body, and verify your results with theses given three scalar equations.
x 2y 2 x y 2 x 2 y z

1
r13

( x r12 ) y

2
r23

( x ( 1) r12 )

1
r13

2
r23

1
r13

2
r23

where 1 Gm1, 2 Gm2

Have a useful summer vacation. I thank for every student who has taken my orbital mechanics lectures. 8