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Younger, Banwart and Hedin. 2002. Mine Water. Hydrology, Pollution, Remediation.
01-1
Seepage:
May contain concentrations exceeding allowed levels
01-2
Mine water
Surface:
From precipitation (consider infiltration) From ground water (see Darcy's law) From streams (hopefully not)
01-3
01-4
Example Calculation
Consider all water flow from coal seam Hydraulic conductivity of the coal is 0.15m/d Width of the coal seam is 100m Pressure difference measured 500m from the opening is 5m. Viscosity of water is 0.001 Pa s What is the initial flux (q)? And flow rate? If this keeps up for one day, what is the volume of water?
3m
01-5
Too simplistic
Dr. Ye Zhang Assistant Professor Geological Modeling & Simulation University of Wyoming
01-6
01-7
Water Quality
01-8
Water Quality
Provincial and Federal regulations, for example lead:
use Pb (g/L) Food Processing Industry 10 Recreation 10 Irrigation for neutral of alkaline soils 200 Irrigation for other soils 400 Livestock Water Supply 100 Marine and Estuarine Aquatic Life 140 Wildlife 100 Freshwater Aquatic Life 3 Drinking 10
Fluorides (g/L) Cyanides (g/L) Copper (g/L) Cobalt (g/L) Chromium (g/L) Cadmium (g/L) Boron (g/L) Arsenic (g/L) Antimony (g/L) Aluminum (g/L)
01-9
Canadian guidelines
How to calculate: No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) is the highest dose in a toxicity study that does not result in any observed adverse effect. Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL) is the lowest dose in a toxicity study that result in any observed adverse effect. Data from Dose-Response relationship have been used to protect people against the toxic effects from chemicals Threshold is the dose of the chemical below which it is believed that there will be no adverse effect on nearly all exposed individuals.
01-10
Canadian guidelines
TDI - Tolerable Daily Intake (formerly ADI) is the amount of a substance from all sources that can be consumed by an adult without any increased risk to health based on current knowledge. TDI is derived dividing the NOAEL (or sometimes the LOAEL) by uncertainty factor Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) is derived from TDI based on an average daily consumption of 1.5 L of drinking water by a 70-kg adult (in 1978 it was assumed 2 L of daily consumption). Guideline value: GV = (TDI*bw*P)/C
Where: TDI=(NOAEL or LOAEL)/uncertainty factor Bw = body weight P=fraction of the TDI allocated to drinking water C=daily drinking water consumption
01-11
Standards
The calculated GV was 0.5 mg/L (WHO) and 0.2 mg/L (Health Canada) but the adopted is 5 mg/L 0.12mg/L in beer (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US) Dont drink water, drink beer!
01-12
Cobalt Chromium (VI) Chromium (III) Chloride Cadmium Bromate Boron Beryllium Barium Arsenic Antimony Aluminum
50 3 500 700 10 5
pH Nitrate Nickel Molybdenum Mercury Manganese Lead Iron Fluoride Cyanide Copper
01-13
Zinc Vanadium Uranium Turbidity Total Dissolved Solids Sulfide (as H 2S) Sulfate Sodium Selenium
10
01-14
MMER (2002)
01-15