FiberSystems y DenseWavelengthDivision Multiplexing (DWDM)

BriefOverview
Problemswithincreasingnetworkdemands Solutionsproposed&theirlimitations EvolutionofDWDM Technicaldetails Drawbacks OngoingResearch Conclusion

GrowingNetworkUsagePatterns
Issues
Exponentialincreaseinuserdemandforbandwidth
Doublingofbandwidthrequirementevery69months

Consistencyinqualityofservicesprovided Keepingthecostofsolutionsatbay

Solutions
Increasechannelcapacity:TDM,WDM Statisticalmultiplexingofusers:Multipleopticalfibers

Anotherglimpseatthesolutions
TDM

(Time Division Multiplexing)

Slotting of channels simultaneous users Increasing bit rate to maximize utilization of given bandwidth
WDM

(Wavelength ( g Division Multiplexing) p g)

Use of optical fibers to achieve higher speeds Utilize wavelengths to multiplex users Allow continuous channel allocation per user Increases the effective bandwidth of existing fiber

Limitationsofcurrentsolutions
TDM

Dependency of MuxMux-Demux on bit rate Limitations on bit rates

how

fast can we go? (Decides how small the time slots can be)

WDM
Inefficient usage of full capacity of the optical fiber Capability C bilit of f carrying i signals i l efficiently ffi i tl over short h t distances di t only l

Improvements in optical fibers and narrowband lasers

Birth of Dense WDM (DWDM)

EvolutionofDWDM
Late 1990s 1996 DWDM Early 1990s Narrowband WDM 1980 s 1980s Wideband WDM

64+ channels 25~50 GHz spacing 16+ channels h l 100~200 GHz spacing 2~8 channels 200~400 GHz spacing 2 channels 1310nm, 1550nm

WhatisDWDM?
Definition
Densewavelengthdivisionmultiplexing(DWDM)isafiberoptic transmissiontechniquethatemployslightwavelengthstotransmit dataparallelbybitorserialbycharacter

HowdoesDWDM W Mfairbetter?
NoOEOrequired Protocol&BitRateindependence p yatmuchlowercost Increasedoverallcapacity
Currentfiberplantinvestmentcanbeoptimizedbyafactor ofatleast32

Transparency
Physicallayerarchitecture supportsbothTDManddata formatssuchasATM,GigabitEthernet,etc.

Scalability
Utilizeabundanceofdarkfibersinmetropolitanareasand enterprise p networks

CapacityExpansion

BasicComponents&Operation
Transmitting T i i Side Sid
Laserswithprecisestable wavelengths OpticalMultiplexers

OntheLink
O Optical i lfib fiber Opticalamplifiers

ReceivingSide
Photodetectors OpticalDemultiplexers

Opticaladd/drop multiplexers

OpticalAmplifier

EliminatesOEOconversions Moreeffectivethanelectronicrepeaters Isolatorpreventsreflection Lightat980nmor1480nmisinjectedviathepumplaser Gains~30dB;OutputPower~17dB

Drawbacks
Dispersion p
Chromaticdispersion Polarizationmodedispersion p

Attenuation
Intrinsic:Scattering,Absorption,etc. Extrinsic:ManufacturingStress Stress,Environment, Environment etc etc.

Fourwavemixing
Nonlinearnatureofrefractiveindexofopticalfiber LimitschannelcapacityoftheDWDMSystem

OngoingDevelopments
NortelNetworks
MetroDWDM OPTeraLongHaul5000OpticalLineSystem

CiscoSystems
ONS15200Metro M t DWDMSolution S l ti

LucentTechnologies
LambdaXtremeTransport WaveStarOLS1.6T

AgilityCommunications&UCSantaBarbara
TunableLasersusedformultiplewavelengths

Conclusion
Robustandsimpledesign WorksentirelyintheOpticaldomain Multipliesthecapacityofthenetworkmanyfold CheapComponents HandlesthepresentBWdemandcosteffectively Maximumutilizationofuntappedresources Bestsuitedforlonghaulnetworks