Management of major diseases according to rice crop stages

Seeding Tillering Panicle Initiation Heading/Flowering Ripening/Maturity Seeding Tillering Panicle Initiation Heading/Flowering Ripening/Maturity

• Sheath Blight • Bakanae - use certified seeds or clean seeds

- apply right amount of nitrogen fertilizer - plow infesed field after - use resistant varieties such as PSB Rc54 and NSIC Rc130 in areas where
- remove sclerotial bodies in the field to reduce inoculum potential and spread harvest to reduce disease the disease always occur
of disease inoculum - employ seed treatment using fungicide
- practice sanitation in the field by removing weeds and infected plant debris - practice field sanitation by removing infected seedlings and weeds at once
- use recommended fungicide only as last resort but avoid application when and dispose properly
50-70% reached heading - use fungicides only as last resort
• Blast - raise seedlings on wetbed
- avoid dry condition as it increases susceptibility to blast • Panicle Blight - avoid excessive nitrogen application in the field
Leaf Blast - use resistant varieties - eradicate source of pathogen by removing infected plant or plant parts as and weeds
- avoid thick crop stand; a 20x20 cm spacing is recommended that serve as alternate host
- avoid excessive application of nitrogen; applying more than 120kg N per hectare favors blast development - practice regular planting as late planted rice are more susceptible to the disease
- use chemicals only as last resort; antibiotics, copper and copper-containing
Node Blast - employ proper water management in the field that reduce water stress to plant compounds may be used
- use fungicide only as last resort; timing of fungicide application is critical, if leaf blast is
observed apply at early heading and during panicle emergence to avoid panicle blast
• Rice Tungro - practice synchronous planting where epidemics occur
Panicle Blast - burn infested rice straw and stubbles to reduce - practice rotation of varieties; use matatag lines in endemic areas during wet season
inoculum potential and spread of airborne plantings or use vector resistant cultivars
spores in the field - practice sanitation by immediate removal of infected plants
• Bacterial Blight - practice fallow period after each cropping season

Kresek - use of resistant varieties/cultivars

- employ seed treatment; use bleach powder at 100ug/ml or 2% zinc sulfate to
ensure clean seeds
- avoid flooding in seedbed, provide good drainage
- avoid thick stand in the seedbed or in the field

Leaf Blight - apply moderate level of nitrogen and required level of potassium
- maintain 2-3 cm water level
- provide good drainage in case severe flooding occurs
- practice field sanitation by removal and burning of infected plant/stubbles or weeds
- plow under infected stubbles and straw
- allow fallow period to reduce inoculum in the field and hence disease severity
- susceptible stage of the plant
General Recommendations:
1. Use resistant variety (refer to list of recommended rice varieties)
• plant locally adapted resistant varieties
• rotation of different varieties with different genes for resistance
every 2 years to avoid breakdown of resistance by the
pathogen
2. Use certified seeds or clean seeds
• plant certified seeds from accredited seed growers
• use salt water as floatation method to separate lightweigt
from infected seeds
3. Seed treatment
• hot water treatment of seeds at 57oC for 10 minutes is
recommended
• use fungicide as seed treatment
• surface sterilization using 300 ppm chlorine solution helps
prevent seedborne disease especially bakanae
4. Practice synchronous planting
• planting within a month in a community helps reduce pest build-
up
5. Adequate land preparation
• plow under crop debris/volunteer crops/weeds to reduce
inoculum potential in the field
• level the field properly before transplanting for easy water
management, minimize golden apple snail damage and weed
control
6. Time of sowing and transplanting
• adjust time of planting to evade peak periods of rains during
tillering and maximum tillering of the plant during wet season
• late planted crops increases the risk for disease epidemic
7. Follow recommended plant spacing/avoid thick stand in the field
or seedbed
• use 40-60 kg seeding rate in 400 sq.m. seed bed of inbred
varieties
• use 20 X 20 cm spacing
Resistant Rice Varieties for Major Pest and Diseases of Rice
8. Practice sanitation in the field and nursery
• plow under infected field right after harvest to eliminate disease
and reduce source of inoculum DISEASES Recommended Rice Varieties INSECT Recommended Rice Varieties
9. Fertilizer application
• employ need base application of Nitrogen fertilizer through the Rice Blast Irrigated Lowland PSB Rc4 (Molawin) Brown Planthopper Irrigated Lowland PSB RC10 (Pagsanjan)
use of leaf color chart (LCC) to determine the right time and PSB Rc10 (Pagsanjan) (BPH) PSB Rc32 (Jaro)
dosage of application PSB Rc26H (Magat) PSB Rc 34 (Burdagol)
• split application of N during the crop growth stages PSB Rc28 (Agno) Rainfed Lowland PSB Rc98 (Lian)
• applying more than 120 kg N/ha favors blast development PSB Rc34 (Burdagol) Transplanted
• form of N applied also affecgts blast severity; NO3-increases
susceptibility of rice to blast infection PSB Rc54 (Abra)
Green Leafhopper Irrigated Lowland PSB Rc74 (Aklan)
• balance application of P and N reduces disease incidence PSB Rc76 (Panay)
PSB Rc82 (Peñaranda) (GLH) Irrgigated Lowland
10. Water management (glutinous) IR65
NSIC Rc122 (Angelica)
• avoid water logging condition in the seedbed or in the field; NSIC Rc124(Mestizo4)
maintain 2-3 cm water level during high water requirement Stemborer Irrigated Lowland PSB Rc76H (Panay)
NSIC Rc 126H (Mestizo5) NSIC Rc122(Angelica)
stage of the plant
• drought increases susceptibility to blast infection NSIC Rc132H (Mestizo 6) NSIC Rc128 (Mabango1)
Rainfed Lowland PSB Rc40 (Chayong) Rainfed Lowland
11. Practice fallow period after each cropping season and/or practice Rainfed Dry Seeded PSB Rc42 (Baliwag) Transplanted PSB Rc100 (Santiago)
crop rotation PSB Rc62 (Naguilian) Cool Elevated PSB Rc44 (Gohang)
12. Use available biological control agent PSB Rc70 (Bamban) Saline Prone Irrigated PSB Rc50 (Bicol)
Bacterial Blight Irrigated Lowland PSB Rc32 (Jaro)
13. Use appropriate pesticide with proper timing and dosage of
application PSB Rc34 (Burdagol)
• check for the list of appropriate pesticide PSB Rc58 (Mayapa)
• employ as a last resort in controlling disease problem in the PSB Rc66(Agusan)
field PSB Rc78(Pampanga)
Irrigated Lowland BPI R1
(glutinous) IR65
Saline Prone Irrigated PSB Rc50 (Bicol)
Tungro Irrigated Lowland PSB Rc2 (Nahalin)
IR73885-1-4-3-2-1-6
(Matatag 9)
Source: Philippine Seed Board (PSB)/NSIC Rice Variety List as of June 2005
NSIC Rc120 (Matatag 6)