Physics Module Form 5

Chapter 1 - Waves

GCKL 2010

1.1

U N D E R S T A N D I N G

W A V E S

What is meant by wave motion What is meant by a wavefront State the direction of propagation of waves in relation to wavefronts What is transverse wave?

A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ Example of this type of waves are .................................. and .............................................

What is longitudinal wave?

A longitudinal wave is a wave which the particles of the medium .......................................................................................................... Example of this wave is ...................................................................

Fill in the blank with the correct answer given below fre uency transverse wave period hert! " #!$ sound waves amplitude

electromagnetic waves longitudinal waves water waves

1. %he one complete oscillation &. %he oscillation.

of an oscillation is the maximum displacement for . of the oscillation is the time ta'en to complete one

(. %he of the oscillation is the number of complete oscillation made in one second. %he S) unit is Label the graph below and fill in the blank with correct answer. *iagram 1.+(

+. )n the displacement , time graph as shown above- amplitude is represented by the symbol of and period is represented by the symbol of 1-1

Displacement distance graph

.. )n the displacement , distance graph as shown above- amplitude is represented by the symbol of and wave is represented by the symbol of /. Damping is occur when in an oscillating system when the system " gain 0 loses$ energy to surrounding in the form of " heat 0 chemical $ energy. 1. %he force responsible for damping is called forces. 2. )n a simple pendulum- its natural fre uency depending on its 3. " e uilibrium 0 dissipative$

" length 0 mass $.

When an oscillating systems driven at its natural fre uency- the system is said to be at " damping 0 reasonance$

14. A wave travels with a speed of (.4 x 14 ms

-1

"a$ What is the fre uency of the wave if its wave length is 1.4 m? 1& "b$ Another wave is travelling with the same speed but has a fre uency of 1.. x 14 #!. What is the wavelength of the wave? Solution. (a)

Wave speed , v = !
(b)

Answer (a) 3.0 x 10 Hz

(b) 2.0 x 10

-4

11. %he displacement , time graphs and displacement , distance graph describe the motion of a particular wave. *etermine the speed of the wave. a$*isplacement , time graph "b$ *isplacement , distance graph
S0cm S0c

t0s & + / & + / l0cm

solution 5

"#$
*isplacement0cm

. -. 1 &

(
*istance0cm

6ased in the displacement-distance graph of a wave- find "a$ the amplitude "b$ the wavelength of the wave

1(. 7alculate the fre uency of the given wave below

%ractise "$" 1. +. %he period of oscillations of a simple pendulum increases when the increases. A length of the pendulum & mass of the bob of the pendulum ' acceleration due to gravity .. *iagram 1.1+ shows a wavefront pattern produces by a dipper vibrating at a fre uency of 1& #! in a ripple tan'.

*iagram 1.11 6ase on the diagram 1.11 above- which distance represents the amplitude? &. *iagram 1.1& shows how displacement how varies with time.

*iagram 1.1& Which of the following is true?

Amplitude0 m 8eriod 0 s 9re uency 0 #!

*iagram 1.1+ What is the speed of the waves? -1 A. & cms-1 6. 2 cms -1 7. 1& cms-1 *. 12 cms-1 E. (/ cms 3. *iagram 1.1. shows the cross section of water waves.

A & ' D

4 .1 4.& 4.1 4.&

4..4 4..4 4.&. 4..4

& 1 + &

(. *iagram 1.1( shows the displacementtime graph of an oscillating system

*iagram 1.1. Which of the following statements is true about the water waves? A. % and : have the same phase 6. Wave energy is transferred from position S to :. 7. %he wave length is the distance between S and : *. %he particles at : oscillates in a direction parallel to the direction of the wave propagation

*iagram 1.1( %he system which produces this graph is having A. a perpertual oscillation 6. a forced oscillation 7. a damped oscillation *. a resonance

14. %he graphs show the cross-sections of

water waves. Which wave has the greatest energy?

1&. *iagram 1.1/ shows the displacement distance graph. %he fre uency of the wave is ..4 #!.

What is the velocity of the wave? -1 -1 A. .4 cms 7. 144 cms -1 -1 6. 1. cms *. 1.4 cms 1(. *iagram 1.1/ shows a sil'y spring being moved left and right continuously.

11. Which graph represents a wave with

amplitude of +.4 cm and period of 4.4. s *iagram 1.1/ "a$ 7omplete the sentence below by tic'ing ";$ the correct box. %he wave produced by the slin'y spring is a %ransverse wave

<ongitudinal wave b$. =n diagram 1.1/. mar' > ?@ on any of the crest of the wave. c$ 7omplete the following sentence by underlining the correct phase in the brac'et.

d$ What is transferred by the wave? .........................................................................

1.2

ANA()SING RE*(E'TI+N +* WAVES.

1. complete the diagram 1.&1 below to show the reflected waves.

*iagram 1.&1 &. 9ill in the box with the correct answer.

i= r=

(. *raw the correct pattern of reflected water waves. wavefronts "a$ reflector

wavefronts "b$ Aeflector +.B

"c$
Reflected light ray Incident light ray

"c$ 7ompare the following uantities before and after reflection. "i$ "ii$ "iii$ "iv$ velocity5 fre uency5 wavelength5 direction5

d$ )n reflection - the angle of reflection is always e ual to

%ra,tis "$# 1. Which of the following characteristic of waves changes when the wave are reflected? A. *irection of propagation 6. Wavelength 7. 9re uency *. Speed &. What happens to the wave length and the magnitude of the velocity of water waves when it is reflected? Wavelength Cagnitude of velocity A. :nchanged :nchanged 6. )ncreases *ecreases 7. *ecreases )ncreases *. )ncreases unchanged
(. *iagram 1.&& shows a sound wave reflected from a concrete wall.

*iagram 1.&& Which statement is correct about the reflected and incident waves? A. %he speed of the reflected waves is the same as the speed of the incident waves. 6. %he wavelength of the reflected waves is shorter than that of the incident waves. 7. %he fre uency of the reflected waves is lower than that of the incident waves. *. %he directions of the reflected waves are always at right angles to the incident waves. +. Echo is a phenomenon caused by A the refraction of sound waves & the reflection of sound waves ' the diffraction of sound waves D the polari!ation of sound waves . *iagram 1.&( shows the wavefront of a plane wave wave incident on a plane reflector. Which comparison is correct about the reflected sound wave and the incident sound wave?

A. 6. 7.
*.

*iagram 1.&( %he wavelength of the incident wave is shorter than the reflected wave. %he speed of the incident wave and the reflected wave is the same. %he fre uency of the incident wave is less than the reflected wave. %he angle of incident wave is greater than the angle of reflection of the reflected wave.

/.

*iagram 1.&+ show the apparatus is used to investigate the reflection of sound waves. At what position of the cardboard tube is adDusted until a loud tic'ing sound of the stop watch is heard?

*iagram 1.&+

1.

*iagram 1.&. and *iagram 1.&/ show the water and sound waves propagating towards a reflector.
)ncident wavefront

i r

Aeflected wavefront

Eormal

*iagram 1.&.

*irection of reflected

7ard boar

Stop watc

ii$ With reference to *iagram 1.&. and *iagram 1.&/ - compare the incident and reflected angle- wavelengthfre uency- speed and direction of propagation of the reflected

*iagram 1.&/

.................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................

1.(
*escribe refraction of waves in terms of the angle of incidence- angle of refractionwavelengthfre uency- speed and direction of propagation

Analysing refraction of waves.

1. Waves can be refracted as they move from one medium$ to another. " volume 0

&. When water waves travel from one area to another area of different depth- their speed " remain 0 changes $ and the fre uency "remain 0 changes$ . (. %he wavelength of waves in deep area is that in the shallow area. +. " shorter 0 longer $ than

When waves travel from a denser medium to less dense medium - they refracted "away 0 towards$ to normal.

*iagram 1.(4 .. *iagram 1.(4 shows the incident ray is refracted .................................................... " away 0 towards $ to normal.
*raw a diagram to show refraction of wave

7omplete the diagrams below.

Why is the wave bend according to the shape of the shoreline when they are approaching the beach?

*iagram 1.(15 the shape of shoreline when they are approaching the beach uniform speed reduce depth of the sea refraction parallel refracted shallower wavefront

)n the centre of the ocean- the water wave travel at speed as the water is uniform. #ence the wavefront are straight and to each other. When the waves reach the coast- the water is and and become closer to each other. . Wave speed is occurs. %he wavefront are

causes the to be bent the normal and this results the wavefront following the shape of the coastline.

9igure 1.(&

9igure 1.((

Why sound can be heard over a longer distance on a cold night compared with a hot day as illustrated in diagram 1.(& and 1.((

Sound wave travel faster in " warm air 0 cool air$ than in " warm air 0 cool air$. =n hot day- the hot slower 0 faster $ in the cooler layer of air surface of the earth causes " near 0 " layer of air0 layer of density$ near upper $ the surface of the earth than in the the surface to be " near 0 upper $ warmer air. " colder 0 warmer$. %his causes As a result - the wave are " light waves 0 sound waves$ to "refracted 0 reflected$ towards the be refracted " away 0 earth. %his explain why sound can be heard closer$ from the earth. *uring night timeover a longer distance on a cold night the sound waves travel " compared with a hot day.

%ra,tis "$1. *iagram 1.(+ shows water waves propagating through a 8erspex bloc' in a ripple tan'. (. When water waves pass from deep water into shallow water- how do the speedwavelength and fre uency change? Speed )ncreases *ecreases )ncreases *ecreases Wavelength *ecreases )ncreases )ncreases *ecreases 9re uency Eo change *ecreases Eo change Eo change

A & ' D *iagram 1.+ Which wave pattern is observed when the waves pass through the perpex bloc.

+. An observer cannot see the coin in an empty glass as shown in figure "a$. #owever he can see the coin when the glass is filled with water as shown in figure "b$ 9igure "a$ 9igure "b$

%he observer can see the coin in 9igure "b$ due to

&. *iagram 1.(. shows water waves propagating in an area of different depths.

A & ' D

the total internal reflection of light the refraction of light the reflection of light the diffraction of light

+. A tilted basin contains water. Water is dripped at a constant rate into the basin as shown in the diagram below. *iagram 1.(. Which of the following diagrams shows the propagation of the waves correctly?

Which pattern of the wavefronts will be observed in the basin?

.. A ray of light passes from water to air. Which labeled arrow shows the direction of the ray in air?

"ii$ 7ompare the wavelength of the waves in region ? and region G. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. "iii$ Aelate the depth of water to the wave length of the waves. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. "iv$ Eame the wave phenomenon involved. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF... c$ Explain why the wave front of the sea will follow the shape of the shore when it approaches the shore. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 1. *iagram 1.(2 "a$ shows the wave formed without a flat piece of plastic and diagram 1.(2 "b$ shoes the wave with a flat piece of plastic.

/.

*iagram 1.(/ shows the side view of two ripple tan's. When the motors are switched on- water waves with the same fre uency are produced-

*iagram 1.(/ *iagram 1.(1 shows the waves formed on the screens.

*iagram 1.(2"a$

*iagram 1.(2"b$

a$ =bserve the diagram and state the difference between diagram "a$ and diagram "b$. *iagram 1.(1 a$ What is the meaning of fre uency? FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.. b$ =bserve diagram 1.(/ and diagram 1.(1. "i$ compare the depths of the water in region ? and region G. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF ...................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... b$ :sing your answer- state the relationship between depth and wavelength ..................................................................... c$ Eame the wave phenomenon involve ........................................................................

1.4
*escribe diffraction of waves in terms of wavelengthfre uencyspeed- direction of propagation and shape of waves

ANALYSING DIFFRACTION OF WAVES.

1. *iffraction is the or around an obstacle. &. %he

when they move through a gap the gap- the more the wave

(. When the width of the gap is approximately the si!e of the wave length of the wavesthe diffracted waves . +. When the gap is much wider than the wavelength of the wave- the diffraction is . .. After diffraction- the fre uency . /. %he direction of propagation of the diffracted waves - the wavelength and the speed

*raw a diagram to show diffraction of waves

7omplete the diagrams below.

%ractice "$. 1. Which of the following figure is true to show the diffraction of a water wave? (. *iagram 1.+& shows waves moving towards a harbour.

&. *iagram 1.+4 shows the bright and dar' bands of the wave patterns formed on the screen when plane waves pass through narrow and wide gaps.

*iagram 1.+& a$ "i$ What is the meaning of diffraction? .................................................................. ................................................................... "ii$ *raw the wave pattern of the waves after passing through the entrance of the harbour.

*iagram 1.+4 a$ =bserve 9igure 1.+4 compare the waves pattern and the wavelength of the waves before and after they pass through the gaps. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF... FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. b$ Aelate the si!e of the gaps- the waves patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics concept. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..

b$ %he entrance is made wider to allow more ships to enter harbour. What is the effect on "i$ %he wave passing through the entrance? .............................................................. .............................................................. "ii$ %he harbour? .............................................................. ..............................................................

1.5
State the principle of superposition.

ANALYSING INTERFERENCE

F !A"ES

%he principle of superposition state ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ c/mplete the diagram 0el/1$

.......................................................................... occur when a wave pea' meets a wave pea'.

................................................................... occur when a wave pea' meets a wave trough.

7omplete the diagram 1..1 below with the information given.

*iagram 1..1 a. <abel % at a point of constructive interference. b. c. d. <abel 2 at a point of destructive interference. *raw the antinodal line and label it as R. *raw the nodal line and label it as S. amplitude. amplitude.

.. )n constructive interference- the resultant wave is at /. )n destructive interference- the resultant wave is at 1. An ta'es place. 2. An ta'es place.

line is a line Doining all the points where constructive interference line is a line Doining all the points where destructive interference

Node line

Node line
Node line Node line

*iagram 1..& Question 9,10 an 11 base on ia!ram 1."2 an ia!ram 1."3.

*iagram 1..(

3. %he distance between consecutive antinodal lines H x - in diagram 1..& is compare to diagram 1..( 14. %he distance of between two coherent sourceH a- in diagram 1..& is compare to diagram 1..(. 11. When the x is sh/rter$ 3 l/nger 4 sh/rter 5 - the a is 3 l/nger4 .

1&. %he light interference experiment is also 'nown as 1(. *iagram 1..+ show the interference pattern of a light wave.

)nterference pattern *iagram 1..+ 6right fringes in diagram 1..+ correspond to *ar' fringes in diagram 1..+ correspond to 1+. )n the experiment set-up for the interference of sound wave- two loud spea'er are connected to the common audio signal generator to produce . 1.. *iagram 1... show two loud spea'ers placed apart from each other. A person hears alternating loud and soft sounds as he wal's along ?G.

*iagram 1... %he alternating loud and soft sounds is caused by waves- wher the loud sound corresponds to the corresponds to the of the sound and the soft sound .

! = a6
D
! = 1avelength, a = distance 0et1een t1/ c/herent s/7rce 6 = distance 0et1een t1/ c/nserc7tive n/des 3 /r antin/des5 D = perpendic7lar distance r/m the s/7rce and the p/siti/n 1here 6 is meas7red$ W/r,ed e6ample$ )n a Goung@s double-slit experiment- a light of wavelength /(( nm passes through two slits which are 4.. mm apart. Iertical fringes are observed on a screen placed + m from the slits. a$ 7alculate the distance between two adDacent bright fringes. SolutionH Answer 5 ..1 mm

%wo loudspea'ers placed & m apart are connected to an audio signal generator that is adDusted to produce sound wave of fre uency ..4 #!. %he figure shows the detection of loud and soft sound as a person moves along a line- +.4 m from the loud spea'ers. J J J J

J +.2 m

<oud sound Soft sound

&.4 m

+.4 m 7alculate the 5 "a$ Wavelength " ans 5 4./ m$ -1 "b$ Speed " ans 5 ((4 m s $ of the sound wave. Solution

1. *iagram 1../ shows the interference pattern for water waves from two coherent sourceS1 and S&.

*iagram 1../ Which of the following shows the superposition of the waves at point G?

+. *iagram1..+ shows two loudspea'ers connected to an audio generator. Students are standing at position where loud sounds can be heard.

&. )n which diagram will destructive interference occur when the wave meet?

*iagram 1..+ "a$ What type of wave is the sound waves?

A ...................................................................... "b$ Why are loud sounds heard by the students at that positions? ........................................................................ "c$ %he distance between the two loudspea'ers is 1.. m. At 14.4 m from the loudspea'ers- the distance between two adDacent rows of student is +.4 m. 7alculate the wavelength of this sound wave.

(. *iagram 1..1 shows two coherent wave propagate towards each other.

*iagram 1..1 Which diagram is correct when both waves meet? 1-&4

.. *iagram 1.+& shows another modification to the harbour to overcome the heavy sea traffic problem. %he wave pattern produced at the entrances is shown in diagram 1.+&

*iagram 1.+( 1.+( *iagram

*iagram 1.++ "i$ %he wave pattern formed is caused by the superposition of waves from two coherent sources. What is the meaning of coherent sources? ................................................................... .................................................................... "ii$ *escribe a movement of two similar ship that are located at A and 6. Explain your answer. ................................................................. .................................................................. ................................................................ What is meant by monochromatic light? .................................................................... b$ :sing the pattern of the fringes in figure 1.++ and 1.+.- state two observation about the distance between consecutive fringes for the red light and the blue light. ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ +. *iagram 1.+( shows the arrangement of apparatus for Goung@s double slit experiment. A white light source is passed through a coloured filter to produce a mono#$romati# %i!$t. *iagram 1.++ shows the pattern of the fringe formed on the screen when a red filter is used %he experiment is repeated by using a blue filter and the fringes formed are shown in diagram 1.+. ............................................................... c$ 7ompare the wavelength of red light to blue light. .............................................................. ............................................................... d$ 7ompare the wavelength of red light and blue light with the distance between two consecutive fringes in "b$ ............................................................ ...........................................................

*iagram 1.+.

1.6
*escribe sound waves

ANALYSING S #N$ !A"ES

Sound waves are produced by .......................................... Sound waves are ........................................... " tranverse wave s0 longitudinal waves$. Sound cannot be transmitted through a ....................................................................... <oudness of a sound is dependent on its ...................................................................... %he louder the sound- the ............................................................................................. %he pitch of a sound heard depends on the .................................................................. %he higher the pitch of the sound- the ..........................................................................

1.

Sound with fre uency lower than &4 #! is called

. . wave . %he is wave is sent by are detected by hydrophone is measured and the depth will be

&. Sound with fre uency higher than &4 444 #! is called (. *epth of the sea can be determine by using from the boat to the seabed. next to the transmitter. %he calculated.

Depth / sea , d = v 6
Wor'ed example )n an expedition to determine the depth of a freshwater la'e using an ultrasonic ruler- a pulse of ultrasonic sound is generated and travels to the bottom of the la'e and reflected by it. %he time ta'en by the pulse to travel to the bottom of the la'e and return to the ruler is 4.(. s. )f the speed of sound -1 in the freshwater is 1+2& ms - calculate the depth of the la'e. " ans 5 &.3.(. m$

1. A thin guitar string is strummed hard. )t will produce a loud and high pitch sound. %he most suitable graph to represent the above situation is +

6. 1.& x 14 m

*. 1.. x 14 m

(. *iagram 1./+ shows a stretched steel wire which produces a loud sound when the wire is pluc'ed.

*iagram 1./+ A loud sound means A. a high speed 7. a high fre uency 6. a large amplitude *. a large wavelength +. Which of the following corresponds to the highest pitch of sound?

&. *iagram 1./( shows a submarine transmitting ultrasonic waves directed at a big roc' on the sea bed. After 14 seconds- the subimarine detects the reflected wave.

*iagram 1./( 7alculate the distance of the submarine from the big roc'.
K velocity of ultrasonic wave L 1 ./4 ms M
-1

A. (.3 'm *. (1.& 'm 6. 1.2 'm E. 1././ 'm 7. 1../ 'm (. A radar transmits a signal towards an aeroplane. %he velocity if the signal is 2 -1 -( (.4 x 14 ms . After +.4 x 14 s- the radar detects the reflected signal. What is the distance of the aeroplane from the radar? / . A. &.+ x 14 m 7. /.4 x 14 m 1-&(

.. %wo notes are played on a guitar. %he second is louder and has a higher pitch. %he second note is A higher in amplitude and lower in fre uency & higher in both amplitude in fre uency ' lower in amplitude and higher in fre uency D lower in both amplitude and fre uency

/. *iagram 1./. shows an ultrasonic waves transmitted from a boat to the seabed to determine the depth- *- of the sea. %he speed -1 of the ultrasonic waves in water is 1 .44 ms . %he echo of the waves is received &.4 s after the transmission.

...................................................................... ...................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... "b$ %he depth of a sea is 34 m. A ship transmits an ultrasonic wave of fre uency .4 '#! to the seabed and receives an echo 4.1& s later. 7alculate5 i$ %he speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water.

*iagram 1./. What is the value of *? A. (1. m *. ( 444 m 6. 1.4 m E. / 444 m 7. 1 .44 m 1. *iagram 1./. shows an audio fre uency generator connected to a spea'er and placed near the corner of a wall. %hree students- A-6 and 7 are standing around the next corner. %he generator and spea'er can produce sound with the same speed but different pitch. .

"ii$ %he wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the water.

2. *iagram 1.// shows an airport radar transmitting microwave signals. Cicrowave are transmitted to determine the position of aeroplane.

*iagram 1./.

a$ State the physical uantity that affects the pitch of the sound. ...................................................................... "a$ When a high pitch sound is generated- only student 7 can hear the sound clearly. When a low pitch sound is generated- all the three students can hear the sound clearly. Explain this situation. .....................................................................

*iagram 1.// a$ Cicrowave are a type of ................... waves. b$ %he radar transmits a signal at a velocity of 2 -1 (.4 x 14 ms towards the aeroplane 8 and -+ detects the reflected signal +.4 x 14 s later.

7alculate the distance of 8 from the radar transmitternat that time.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF "c$ )f the time to detect the shoal of fish is 101. seconds- calculate the distance of the fishes from the boat if the speed of the sound waves -1 in water is 1.44 ms .

c$ %he radar detects the same signal after reflection by another aeroplane N. %he signal from N arrives later than the signal from 8. "i$ 7ompare the distance of 8 and N from the radar. ......................................................................... ........................................................................ "ii$ State how the difference of the distance of 8 and N from the radar is determine any time. ........................................................................

"d$ Explain why does the speed of sound in water is greater than the speed of sound in air? K& mM FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF "e$ Eame one application of sonar. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.

....................................................................... 3. %he diagram below shows a fishing boat is detecting a shoal of fish by using a sonar system which has a high fre uency sound wave.

"a$ State the sound wave phenomenon for detecting the shoal of fish. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. "b$ Explain why sonar used a high fre uency sound wave. K& mM

1.7
*escribe the electromagnetic spectrum. -

AEA<GS)EO E<E7%A=CAOEE%)7 WAIES

list sources of electromagnetic waves

describe the properties of electromagnetic waves

9ill in the box 0 blan' with the correct answer. (/ng 1aves sh/rt 1aves micr/ 1aves in ra red Ultra vi/let 8 ra9s gamma ra9s

1. (. )t is arranged in +. Aadio wave have the 3 l/1 4 high5 fre uency waves. .. Oamma rays have the 3 l/1 4 high5 fre uency waves.

consist of a group of waves with similar natures. fre uencies and 3 l/ngest 4 sh/rtest 5 wavelength and 3 l/ngest 4 sh/rtest5 wavelength and wavelengths .

/. Electromagnetic waves consist of combination of 3 interacti/n 4 /scillating5 electric and " /rce 4 magnetic5 field perpendicular 1. Electromagnetic wave is a 1-&/ 3 transverse 4 l/ngit7dinal 5 wave.

2.

)E9AAAE* AAG :<%AAI)=<E% AAGS

C)7A=WAIES ?-AAG S
/ -1

AA*)= WAIES

I)S)6<E <)O#%

OACCA AAG

<ongest wavelength " 14 , 14 m$ :sed for broadcasting and communication 7arries along wit it audio- video and other encoded information.

#ave shorter wavelength . " 14 , 14 m$ Suitable for satellite- based communication systemsmobile phone networ's Cilitary uses it for spying and surveillance.

-1

-(

%he range of wavelength is between 14 , 14 m. =rdinary ovens-grills and toaster use this wave to coo' food. 7an transmit information through the air to operate televisions and video recorders by remote control. Also used in night vision devices.

-(

-/

Easily detected by human and animal eyes. :sed in photography and can be transmitted through optical fibre %he range of wavelength is between 14 , 14 m. 7an cause s'in to tan and may result in s'in cancer. 7an 'ill living cells-bacteria and germs. %he range of wavelength is between 14 , 14 m. Widely used in the medical field. :sed to inspect metal castings and welded Doints for hidden faults. Shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. :sed in radiotheraphy to treat cancer :sed sterillisation process
-2 -1& -/ -3

1. Which of the following statements is true about electromagnetic waves? A. %hey are longitudinal waves. 6. %hey are waves that re uire a medium to travel. 7. %he velocity of the waves is influenced by the wavelength *. %hey consist of both magnetic field and electric field. &. What is the correct relationship between the wave length of an electromagnetic radiation and the energy it carries. Wave length A. Short 6. Short 7. <ong *. <ong Energy carried #igh <ow #igh <ow %he content in the bag are examined by using A. ?-ray 7. :ltraviolet ray 6. Oamma rays *. )nfrared rays .. Which is the correct arrangement of electromagnetic waves in order of increasing fre uency? A. )nfrared rays- Cicrowaves- Oamma rays- :ltraviolet rays. 6. Oamma rays-- :ltraviolet rays)nfrared rays- Cicrowaves. 7. Cicrowaves- )nfrared rays- :ltraviolet rays- Oamma rays. *. :ltraviolet rays- Oamma raysCicrowaves- )nfrared rays. /. 9igure 1.2 "a$ shows the x-rays film of a patient. 9igure 1.2 "b$ shows the microwave from the satellite used in communication.

(. *iagram 1.1 shows an electromagnet spectrum.

*iagram 1.1 %he waves at 8-N-A and S are A 8 N A S

Ultraviolet X ray Microwave infrared

6
X ray Ultraviolet Infrared
Microwave

7
Microwave

*
X ray
Microwave

9igure 1.2 "a$

9igure 1.2 "b$

Infrared Ultraviolet X ray

a$ =bserve the figures and state two similarities between the waves. ......................................................................... ........................................................................ ........................................................................

x-ray
microwave

+. At an airport- a passenger@s bag is placed in the baggage scanner.

.........................................................................

b$ Which group does these two waves belong to? ..................................................................... ..................................................................... c$ Eame one other wave that has the same properties. ..................................................................... d$ Cicrowaves travel at a speed of 3.0 x 10 ms in a vacuum and have a fre uency of 1. x 14 14 #!. i$ 7alculate the wavelength of these microwaves.
8 -1