VSICM51 M02 VirtualizationIntro

Introduction to Virtualization
Module 2
2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
You Are Here
Course Introduction
Introduction to Virtualization Creating Virtual Machines VMware vCenter Server Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks Configuring and Managing vSphere Storage Virtual Machine Management
Data Protection Access and Authentication Control Resource Management and Monitoring High Availability and Fault Tolerance Host Scalability Patch Management Installing VMware vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
2-2
Importance
VMware vSphere software suite is based on many components with which a vSphere administrator should be familiar. This module describes the basic concept of virtualization and introduces VMware vSphere ESXi and the virtual machine. This module discusses the fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be used in your datacenter.
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Module Lessons
Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3:
Introduction to Virtualization vSphere User Interfaces Overview of ESXi
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Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures. Define a virtual machine. Describe the benefits of using virtual machines. Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks. Describe ESXi architecture. Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
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Different vSphere Editions

vSphere Standard vSphere Enterprise* vSphere Enterprise Plus*
vSphere Install Configure Manage

vSphere Optimize and Scale
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* Includes previous tier features

Physical Infrastructure
applications operating system physical host
Ethernet
Fibre Channel
iSCSI storage
NFS storage
Network
Fibre Channel storage
2-8
Virtual Infrastructure
virtual machines hypervisor ESXi host
Ethernet
Fibre Channel
iSCSI storage
NFS storage
network
Fibre Channel storage
2-9
Physical and Virtual Architecture
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system x86 architecture
vSphere x86 architecture
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vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter
The Software Defined Datacenter

Virtual Datacenter 1 Virtual Datacenter 2
Datacenter Services
Datacenter Services
vSphere Pooled Networking and Security
Pooled Storage
Pooled Computing
Automation
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Why Use Virtual Machines?

Physical machine
Difficult to relocate:
Virtual machine
Easy to relocate:
Moves require downtime Specific to physical Hardware
Encapsulated into files Independent of physical hardware
Difficult to manage:
Requires physical maintenance Hardware failures cause downtime
Easy to manage:
Isolated from other virtual machines Insulated from hardware changes
Hardware has limitations:
Hardware changes limit application support Servers are physically individual
Provides the ability to support legacy applications Allows servers to be consolidated
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Resource Sharing
vSphere
x86 architecture
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CPU Virtualization
application
operating system
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
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Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
application
1GB 2GB 8GB
operating system x86 architecture
vSphere x86 architecture
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Physical and Virtual Networking
application
operating system x86 architecture vSphere
virtual switch
x86 architecture
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Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS

physical architecture virtual architecture
application
operating system
vSphere
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
NTFS, ext3, UFS
VMFS
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Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore (VMware vSphere VMFS or NFS)
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File-System Layouts
Windows
C: D: E:
vmfs
VMFS
/
volumes
Linux/UNIX
Local
/
SAN
VM 1 VM 2 etc usr opt
VM 3 VM 4
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How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing
Installing vSphere 5 creates a virtual infrastructure. Your virtual machines run in this virtual infrastructure. VMware vCloud Director enables you to create a cloud. Third-party providers can host public or private clouds. VMware clouds empower you to run your virtual machines in a private, public, or hybrid cloud to fit your business needs.
private cloud
hybrid cloud
public cloud
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What Is a Private Cloud?
Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed. IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, within the enterprise, and behind the firewall.
Internet
Advantages
enterprise private cloud
Gizmo division Widget division Human Resources Sales

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A 2-21
Self-service provisioning Elasticity of resources Rapid and simplified provisioning Secured multitenancy Improved use of IT resources Better control of IT budgets
What Is a Public Cloud?
A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple businesses. IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet. A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.
Advantages
Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:
cloud service provider
Customer management of IT Rapid and flexible deployments Efficient and cost-effective deployments Secure IT assets
Customer companies no longer have IT as an ongoing overhead expense.
company A
company company B C
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What Is a Hybrid Cloud?

Hybrid Cloud
App Loads
App Loads
Bridge
App Loads
Management vSphere
Management vSphere
Private Clouds
Public Clouds
Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet.
Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet.

Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud. Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally accessible cloud. Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following: Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures. Define a virtual machine. Describe the benefits of using virtual machines. Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks. Describe ESXi architecture. Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
2-24
Lesson 2: vSphere User Interfaces
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Download and install the VMware vSphere Client. Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host. View or configure ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration ESXi system logs Licensed features
Use the VMware vSphere Web Client. Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
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User Interfaces
vSphere Client
vCenter Server
ESXi host
your desktop
Web Client
2-27
Downloading vSphere Client

vSphere Client is an interface used to connect remotely to VMware vCenter Server or an ESXi host from a Windows system. To download the vSphere Client:
Point to the vCenter Server or ESXi host.
Use the VMware Infrastructure Management Installer. Download the client from the vCenter Server system or an ESXi host.
Internet access is required.
Download the vSphere Client to a supported Windows system.
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Using the vSphere Client
On the vSphere Client login screen, enter the following: Host name or IP address of ESXi host or vCenter Server User name Password for that user (Optional) Use your Windows session credentials.
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vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
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Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
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Viewing ESXi System Logs
Use vSphere Client to view logs.
Export system logs to an archive file: Send to VMware Support.
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Viewing Licensed Features

Before purchasing licenses, you can install ESXi in evaluation mode: Intended for demonstration and evaluation purposes Allows software to be completely operational immediately after installation Does not require any licensing configuration Provides full functionality for 60 days
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vSphere Web Client

Installer located on ISO image
Install locally to vCenter Server or to remote systems Remote installations are recommended when possible
https://<FQDN or IP Address> :9443/vsphere-client/
Install Client Integration plug-in for console access
vSphere Web Client is included with vCenter Server Appliance

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A 2-34
vSphere Web Client Architecture
vSphere Web Client runs within a browser
Application Server that provides a scalable backend The Inventory Service obtains optimized data live from the core vCenter Server process
2-35
VMware vCenter Server in either single or Linked mode operation

vSphere Web Client Plug-in Packages
Plug-ins are now server based:
Re-created in FLEX HTML plug-ins (temporary workaround)
VMware plug-ins: VMware vSphere Update Manager
VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager (SRM)

VMware vShield Manager
All VMware solutions will integrate as they are updated. Third party plug-ins:
EMC, NetApp, HP, Dell, and others

2-36
vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator
Breaks the traditional hierarchy view of an object:
Objects linked and displayed by relationships The Home screen retains its original appearance
Allows an administrator to view objects by solutions Enables administrators to jump to crucial elements faster through relationships and object search Reduces client clutter and repetitive information by simplifying display of objects Displayed objects are all that is communicated between server and browser
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Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt
To perform management tasks from a remote command prompt, use: VMware vSphere Command-Line Interface (vCLI):
Set of commands run from a remote Linux or Windows system and executed on an ESXi host Packaged as an application Platform for running a variety of toolkits:
VMware vSphere Management Assistant (vMA):
vCLI
VMware vSphere SDK for Perl

VMware vSphere API
Packaged as a virtual appliance based on Linux Automation tool for administering a vSphere environment Distributed as a snap-in to Windows PowerShell
VMware vSphere PowerCLI:
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Lab 1
In this lab, you will install student desktop components. 1. Access your student desktop system. 2. Install the vSphere Client.
2-39
You should be able to do the following: Download and install the VMware vSphere Client. Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host. View or configure ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration ESXi system logs Licensed Features
Use the VMware vSphere Web Client. Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
2-40
Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi
2-41
Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Describe ESXi architecture. Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host. View ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration Licensing NTP client DNS and routing Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
2-42
VMware ESXi
ESXi: Is available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be downloaded Has high-security
Memory hardening Kernel module integrity Trusted platform module
Has a small disk footprint Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or directly into memory
2-43
ESXi Architecture
2-44
Configuring ESXi
The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a computer with a keyboard-only user interface.
2-45
Configuring ESXi: root Access

The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following: Set a root password (complex passwords only). Enable or disable lockdown mode:
Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to DCUI only
2-46
Configuring ESXi: Management Network
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings: Host name IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway) DNS servers
2-47
Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following: Configure keyboard layout. View support information. View system logs. Enable troubleshooting services, when required.
2-48
ESXi as an NTP Client

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a client-server protocol used to synchronize a computers clock to a time reference. NTP is important:
NTP server NTP server
NTP server
For accurate performance graphs For accurate time stamps in log messages
So that virtual machines have a source to synchronize with An ESXi host can be configured as an NTP client. It can synchronize time with an NTP server on the Internet or your corporate NTP server.
NTP client
ESXi host
NTP client uses UDP over port 123 to communicate with NTP server.
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Network Settings: DNS and Routing
The DNS and Routing link enables you to change these settings: Host name and domain DNS server addresses and search domains Default VMkernel gateway
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Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
On ESXi hosts: Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host. Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts. Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi host:
For example, DCUI or NTP server
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ESXi User Account Best Practices
You should implement the following user account best practices: Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host. Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host. Ideally, use vCenter Server and thus vCenter Server user accounts to manage hosts.
2-52
Lab 2
In this lab, you will configure an ESXi host. 1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client. 2. View the host hardware configuration. 3. Configure the DNS and routing information for an ESXi host. 4. Configure an ESXi host as an NTP client. 5. Configure an ESXi host to use the directory services.
2-53
You should be able to do the following: Describe ESXi architecture. Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host. View ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration Licensing NTP client DNS and routing Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
2-54
Key Points
Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems. Virtual machines are hardware independent. Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they reside. A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up. Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore. ESXi runs directly on the host. vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine use.
Questions?
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VSICM51 M02 VirtualizationIntro

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Introduction to Virtualization

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

You Are Here

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3:

Introduction to Virtualization vSphere User Interfaces Overview of ESXi

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Different vSphere Editions

vSphere Install Configure Manage

* Includes previous tier features

applications operating system physical host

Fibre Channel storage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

virtual machines hypervisor ESXi host

Fibre Channel storage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtual Architecture

operating system x86 architecture

vSphere x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter

The Software Defined Datacenter

vSphere Pooled Networking and Security

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Why Use Virtual Machines?

Moves require downtime Specific to physical Hardware

Encapsulated into files Independent of physical hardware

Hardware has limitations:

Hardware changes limit application support Servers are physically individual

Provides the ability to support legacy applications Allows servers to be consolidated

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

operating system x86 architecture

vSphere x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtual Networking

operating system x86 architecture vSphere

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS

NTFS, ext3, UFS

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Datastore (VMware vSphere VMFS or NFS)

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VM 1 VM 2 etc usr opt

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

What Is a Private Cloud?

enterprise private cloud

Gizmo division Widget division Human Resources Sales

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

What Is a Public Cloud?

Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:

cloud service provider

Customer companies no longer have IT as an ongoing overhead expense.

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

What Is a Hybrid Cloud?