CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

J.A. AVILA

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: JANUARY 7 , 2014 INSTRUCTORS NAME: CHARMINE M. ALCANTARA

METHODOLOGY Effect of temperature and concentration on the equilibrium and its shift was observed using five different systems. Iron(II)-Silver Ions System A solution containing 1 mL each of 0.10 M FeSO4 and 0.10 M AgNO3 was prepared. The mixture was then placed in a centrifuge and the supernate was decanted and was placed into three separate test tubes. The test tubes containing the supernate were tested for the presence of Fe2+, Ag+, and Fe3+. Presence of Fe2+ was indicated by the formation of Prussian blue precipitate after the addition of 0.10 M K3Fe(CN)6. The addition 0.10 M KSCN producing a blood red solution indicated the presence of Fe3+. And a white precipitate formation indicated the presence of Ag+ when 1.00 M HCl was used. Copper (II)-Ammonia System A test tube containing 1 mL 0.1 M CuSO4 was made to react with 1.00 M NH3. NH3 was added dropwise, while counting and recording the number of drops of NH3 needed for the precipitate formation and the number of drops needed until a color change occurred and the precipitate be dissolved. Chromate-Dichromate System Four wells in a clean spot plate were prepared and labeled. 5 drops of 0.10 M 6

K2CrO4 were placed into in the first two wells while five drops of 0.10 M K2Cr2O7 were placed in the remaining two wells. Two drops of 2.0 M H2SO4 and 2.0 M NaOH were added into wells 1, 3 and into wells 2, 4, respectively. The colors of the solutions in wells 1 and 3 were then compared to wells 2 and 4. Iron(III) Chloride-Thiocyanate System A stock solution was prepared by adding 1 mL 0.1 M FeCl3, 1 mL 0.1 M KSCN to 50 mL water in a 100-mL beaker. 2 mL of the stock solution was added into four test tubes which were properly labeled. Test tube 1 served as the control setup. Ten drops 0.1 M FeCl3 were added to test tube 2, 10 drops KSCN to test tube 3, and 3 drops 2.0 M NaOH into test tube 4. Changes in the color of the solutions and precipitate formation were recorded. Cobalt(II) Ions System A hot water bath was prepared using a beaker and a hot plate. Two test tubes with labels 1 and 2 were prepared and test tube 1 acted as the control setup. 1.00 mL of 0.10 M CoCl2 was added to both test tubes. Concentrated HCl, 12.1 M, was added dropwise to Test tube 2 until a color change was observed. Test tube 2 was then immersed into the prepared hot water bath then into a water bath containing tap water at

an ambient temperature and lastly into an ice bath. The color of the solution upon placing the test tube at different temperatures was observed and recorded. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The 3 tests showed that all 3 ions were present in the supernate. This goes to show that the reaction between iron sulfate and silver nitrate was in a state of equilibrium since both the ions in the product and reactant side were present, meaning to say that the forward and reverse reactions were proceeding at the same rate Temperature The experiment successfully showed system at equilibrium and the factors affecting the shift in its direction.

REFERENCES (include at least 3 credible publications, books, journals, etc.) [1] Purcell, K. F., Kotz, J. C. Oganic Chemistry. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1977. [2] Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A., Bochmann, M. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc., Toronto. 1999. [3] Stafford, F.E., J. Chem Educ. 1962, 39, 626. 7