CARE, MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE OF HOSE

(Reprinted from RMA Hose Handbook 1P-2 - Fourth Edition) Hose has a limited life and the user must be alert to signs of impending failure, particularly when the conditions of service include high working pressures and/or the conveyance or containment of hazardous materials.

GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF HOSE

Hose should not be subjected to any form of abuse in service. It should be handled with reasonable care. Hoses should not be dragged over sharp or abrasive surfaces unless specifically designed for such service. Care should be taken to protect hose from severe end loads for which the hose or hose assembly were not designed. Hose should be used at or below its rated working pressure; any changes in pressure should be made gradually so as to not subject the hose to excessive surge pressures. Hose should not be kinked or be run over by equipment. In handling large size hose, dollies should be used whenever possible; slings or handling rigs, properly placed, should be used to support heavy hose used in oil suction and discharge service.

STORAGE
Rubber hose products in storage can be affected adversely by temperature, humidity, ozone, sunlight, oils, solvents, corrosive liquids and fumes, insects, rodents and radioactive materials. The appropriate method for storing hose depends to a great extent on its size (diameter and length), the quantity to be stored, and the way in which it is packaged. Hose should not be piled or stacked to such an extent that the weight of the stack, creates distortions on the lengths stored at the bottom. Since hose products vary considerably in size, weight and length, it is not practical to establish definite recommendations on this point. Hose having a very light wall will not support as much load as could a hose having a heavier wall or hose having a wire reinforcement. Hose which is shipped in coils or bales should be stored so that the coils are in a horizontal plane. Whenever feasible, rubber hose products should be stored in their original shipping containers, especially when such containers are wooden creates or cardboard cartons which provide some protection against the deteriorating effects of oil, solvents and corrosive liquids; shipping containers also afford some protection against ozone and sunlight. Certain rodents and insects will damage rubber hose products and adequate protection from them should be provided. The ideal temperature for the storage of rubber products ranges from (10-20C) (50 to 70F) with a maximum limit of (38C) (100F). If stored below (0C) (32F), some rubber products become stiff and would require warming before being placed in service. Rubber products should not be stored near sources of heat, such as radiators, base heaters, etc., nor should they be stored under conditions of high or low humidity. To avoid the adverse effects of high ozone concentration, rubber hose products should not be stored near electrical equipment that may generate ozone or be stored for any lengthily period in geographical areas of known high ozone concentration. Exposure to direct or reflected sunlight-even through windows-should also be avoided. Uncovered hose should not be stored under fluorescent or mercury lamps which generate light waves harmful to rubber. Storage areas should be relatively cool and dark and free of dampness and mildew. Items should be stored on a first-in, first-out basis, since even under the best conditions, an unusually long shelf life could deteriorate certain rubber products.

A-1

FLEXIBILITY AND BEND RADIUS

(Reprinted from RMA Hose Handbook IP-2 Fourth Edition) Flexibility and minimum bend radius are important factors in hose design and selection if it is known that the hose will be subjected to sharp curvatures in normal use. When bent at too sharp an angle, hose may kink or flatten in the cross-section. The reinforcement may also be unduly stressed or distorted and the hose life thereby shortened. Adequate flexibility means the hose should be able to conform to the smallest anticipated bend radius without stress. The minimum bend radius is generally specified for each hose in this catalogue. This is the radius to which the hose can be bent in service without damage or appreciably shortening its life. The radius is measured to the inside of the curvature. Formula to determine minimum hose length given bend radius and degree of bend required: L= Where: L A B = = = = Minimum length of hose to make bend (Bend must be made equally along this portion of hose length). Angle of bend Given bend radius of hose 3.14 A 360 x2B

Example: To make a 60 bend at the hoses rated minimum bend radius of 15 cm 60 L= x 2 x 3.14 x 15 = 15.7 cm 16 cm 360 Thus, the bend must be made over approximately 16 cm of hose length. The bend radius used must be equal to or greater than the rated minimum bend radius. Bending the hose to a smaller bend radius than minimum may kink the hose and result in damage and early failure.

OIL RESISTANCE
The definition of Oil resistance is currently related to: - tensile retention % - volume swell % of the tested material after immersion in ASTM n 3 Oil and in ASTM Fuel B for 70 hours at 100C (212F). The hose industry is currently classifying the materials as follows:
Maximum Oil Resistance
A.S.T.M. n 3 Oil Tensile retention % Volume swell % 80% Min. 25% Max. A.S.T.M. Fuel B 50% Min. 35% Max.

Medium Oil Resistance

A.S.T.M. n 3 Oil 40% Min. 100% Max. A.S.T.M. Fuel B 35% Min. 80% Max.

Non-Oil resistant
A.S.T.M. n 3 Oil Less than 40% More than 100% A.S.T.M. Fuel B Less than 35% More than 80%

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
In accordance with ASTM D991 standard rubber hose is classified as: A. electrically conductive, if the resistance is at most 104 ohm/m; B. antistatic, if the resistance is 104 - 108 ohm/m; C. electrically insulating, if the resistance is 1010 ohm/m minimum. Any special requirements in respect of electrical properties must be started when ordering.

B-1

STEAM HOSE SAFETY FACTORS

Handling steam is a very hazardous situation. Using care and some safety precaution can minimise or eliminate personal or property damage. STEAM HOSE CHART Saturated steam Gauge Pressure (PSI) 10 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
450 400 350 300 250 200 100 150 200
Gauge Pressure - PSI

Gauge SELECTING AND USING STEAM HOSE 1. Pressure Make sure steam hose is identified as a steam hose. It (PSI) should be branded as such, stating working pressure and 2. 3. 4. 5.
temperature rating Make sure working pressure and temperature is not exceeded. Do not allow hose to remain under pressure when not in use. Avoid excess bending or flexing of hose near the coupling. Straight line operation is preferred. If bends are necessary as part of operation, spring guards may help. Be sure and use recommended steam hose couplings and clamps on hose. MAINTENANCE OF STEAM HOSE

Temperature of Saturated Steam (F) 239 267 298 320 338 353 366 377 388 397 406

1. Periodic inspection of hose should include looking for cover

blisters and lumps. 2. Check for kinked areas that could damage hose. 3. Drain hose after each use to avoid tube damage before hose is put back HOSE in operation, to avoid popcorning of the tube. STEAM CHART 4. Check tightness of clamps bolts after each use. 5. Check to see if clamps halves are touching. If they do, recouple Saturated steam hose with smaller clamps to insure proper tightness or grip around hose. 6. Do not store hose over hooks. 7. Steam hose lying on metal racks or installed around steel piping will dry out the hose, causing tube and cover cracking. 8. For service in sub-zero application, use only T-331 Chlorobuthyl hose. The charts represent the three forms of water when subjected to heat and pressure. Use only hoses specifically designed for the application. TEMPERATURE OF SATURATED STEAM Gauge Pressure 2 2 lbl/m kgf/cm Atm Bar 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 1.76 2.11 2.46 2.81 3.16 3.52 4.22 4.92 5.62 6.32 7.03 1.70 2.04 2.38 2.72 3.06 3.40 4.08 4.76 5.44 6.12 6.80 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45 4.14 4.83 5.52 6.21 6.90
Temperature F

Hot water

Superheated Steam

250

10

50

Saturated Steam

Temperature C F 130 134 138 141 144 148 153 158 162 166 170 267 274 281 287 292 298 307 316 324 330 338

lbl/m 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

Gauge Pressure 2 kgf/cm Atm 8.44 9.84 11.25 12.65 14.06 15.82 17.58 19.33 21.09 22.85 24.61 8.16 9.52 10.88 12.24 13.60 15.30 17.00 18.70 20.40 22.10 23.80

Bar 8.28 9.66 11.04 12.42 13.80 15.53 17.25 18.98 20.70 22.43 24.15

Temperature C F 177 182 188 193 198 203 208 212 216 221 225 350 361 371 379 388 397 406 414 422 429 437

CORROSIVE STEAM When the water used to generate steam contains dissolved air, oxygen or carbon dioxide, then these gases end up as contaminants in the steam. At high temperatures of steam both oxygen and carbon dioxide are extremely corrosive. Carbon dioxide is acidic and therefore attacks metals whereas the oxygen corrodes metals and oxidises rubbers. Corrosion of metals in the presence of both oxygen and acids is forty times faster than with either alone. Boiler water is therefore normally treated not only to remove the hardness which would cause furring of the boiler but also to remove dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide and to ensure that the steam is not only not acidic but even slightly alkaline. Boiler water treatment is a specialised subject beyond the scope of this technical sheet but correct steam generation is important. DETERIORATION OF STEAM HOSE Like all rubber products steam hoses have a finite life and are subject to gradual deterioration with use. However, it sometimes happens that hoses which have been giving a good life suddenly start failing without apparent reason. In such cases it is often a change in the steam conditions causing a rapid acceleration of a normal failure mode. It is therefore useful to consider how steam hoses normally last and thus how the condition of the steam affects hose life.

C-1

CHEMICAL GUIDE
The Chemical Guides in this section are offered as a general indication of the compatibility of the various materials used in ALFAGOMMA hose with the chemicals and fluids listed. The basis for the ratings in this guide include actual service experience, the advice of various polymer suppliers, and the considered opinion of our rubber chemists. When in doubt, a sample of the compound should always be tested with the particular chemical it is to handle. Some of the variables that come into play in the resistance of a compound to chemical attack are: 1. Temperature of the Material Transmitted: Higher temperatures increase the effect of chemicals on rubber compounds. The increase varies with the polymer and the chemical. A compound quite suitable at room temperature might fail very quickly at higher temperatures. 2. Service Conditions: A rubber compound usually swells when exposed to a chemical. With a given percent of swell, a hose tube may function satisfactorily if the hose is in a static condition, but fail quickly if the hose is subject to flexing. 3. The Grade or Blend of the Rubber Compound: Basic rubber polymers are sometimes mixed or blended together to enhance a particular property for a specific service. The reaction to a particular chemical blend of polymers may, therefore, somewhat different from the reaction to the single ones. When in doubt, a sample of the compound should always be tested with the particular chemical it is to handle.

GENERAL CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF ALFAGOMMA HOSE COMPOUNDS

Common Name ASTM Designation D1418-93
NR SBR EPDM CR NBR CSM

Composition
Isoprene Rubber (Natural) Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Ethylene-propylenediene-terpolymer Chloroprene Nitrile-Butadiene Chloro-sulfonated polyethylene Chloro-polyethylene

General Properties
Excellent physical properties, including abrasion resistance. Not oil resistant. Good physical properties, including abrasion resistance. Not oil resistant. Good general purpose polymer. Excellent heat, ozone and weather resistance. Not oil resistant. Excellent weathering resistance. Flame retarding. Good oil resistance. Good physical properties. Excellent oil resistance. Good physical properties. Excellent ozone, weathering and acid resistance. Good abrasion and heat resistance. Can be compounded for good oil resistance Good long term resistance to UV and weathering. Good oil and chemical resistance. Excellent flame resistance. Good low temperature impact resistance. Excellent resistance to most solvents, oils and chemicals. Do not confuse with chemical properties of standard polyethylene. Very good weathering resistance, low permeability to air. Good physical properties. Poor resistance to petroleum based fluids. Excellent high temperature resistance, particulary in air or oil. Very good chemical resistance.

Natural SBR EPM or EPDM Neoprene Bruna-N or Nitrile Hypalon Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) Cross Linked Polyethylene Butyl

CM

XLPE

Cross Linked Polyethylene Isobutene-isoprene

IIR

Viton Flurocarbon resin (Teflon) ALFATER XL

FKM TFE EPDM+PP

Fluorocarbon rubber

Polytetra-fluoroethylene Excellent chemical and solvent resistance, inert to most materials. Smooth anti-adhesive surface-easily cleaned. Ethylene-propylenediene-terpolymer + polypropylene Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Good general purpose polymer. Excellent heat, ozone and weather resistance. Fair/good oil resistance. Excellent resistance to most solvents, chemicals and hydrocarbons. Do not confuse chemical properties of standard polyethylene. Excellent abrasion and wear resistance. Food contact allowed (BGA, FDA, KTW).

Ultra high molecular UHMWPE weight polyethylene

D-1

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART

The following data is based on tests and believed to be reliable; however, we emphasise that the tabulation should be used as a guide only, since it does not take into consideration all variables such as elevated temperatures, fluid contamination, concentration, etc. that may be encountered in actual use. All critical applications should be tested. Contact ALFAGOMMA for recommendation and assistance. Note : All data based on 20C (68F) unless otherwise noted. Key: Blank = No Data E = Excellent G = Good F = Fair C = Conditional X = Unsatisfactory

ASTM Codes AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR PA NR T SBR EPDM/PP PTFE FKM XLPE

Trade Name Estane, Desmopan Enjay Butyl Tyrin Neoprene, Bayprene Hypalon Dutral Hytrel Chemigun-Perbunan N Nylon, Zytel SMR Thiokol ALFATER XL Teflon Viton

Polymer Description Polyurethane Isobutylene-isoprene-butyl Chlorinated Polyethylene-CPE Polychloroprene Chloro-sulfonyl-Polyethylene Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Thermoplastic Polyester Acrylonitrile-Nitrile Polyamide Natural Rubber Polysulfide Styrene-Butadiene EPDM + PP Fluorocarbon resin Fluoroelastomer Crosslinked Polyethylene

D-2

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART

Chemical or Material Conveyed
AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

ACETALDEHYDE ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL ACETIC ACID, 10% ACETIC ACID, 50% ACETIC ANHYDRIDE ACETIC OXIDE ACETONE ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN ACETONITRILE ACETOPHENONE ACETYL ACETONE ACETYL CHLORIDE ACETYL OXIDE ACETYLENE ACETYLENE DI-+TERA CHLORIDE ACROLEIN ACRYLENITRILE ACRYLIC ACID ADIPIC ACID AIR, +300F ALK-TRI ALLYL ALCOHOL ALLYL BROMIDE ALLYL CHLORIDE ALUM ALUMINIUM ACETATE ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE ALUMINIUM FLUORIDE ALUMINIUM FORMATE ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE ALUMINIUM NITRATE ALUMINIUM SULFATE ALUMUS-NH3-CR-K AMINES-MIXED AMINOBENZENE AMINODIMETHILBENZENE AMINOETHANO AMINOXYLENE AMMONIUM CARBONATE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AMMONIUM NITRATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC AMMONIUM SULPHATE AMMONIUM SULPHITE AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE AMYL ACETATE AMYL ACETONE AMYL ALCOHOL AMYL BROMIDE AMYL CHLORIDE AMYL ETHER AMYLAMINE ANETHOLE ANILINE ANILINE DYES ANILINE OIL ANIMAL FATS ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE AQUA REGIA ARGON ARSENIC ACID ASPHALT ASTM FUEL A ASTM FUEL B ASTM FUEL C ASTM OIL NO.1 ASTM OIL NO.2 ASTM OIL NO.3 ASTM OIL NO.4 AUTOMATIC TRASMISSION FLUID

X X X X X X

E G E E E E E E E G X E E X E X E X E X F E G E E G E E E G

G E E E E E E E G E E

F X F X G X

C X F X G G F F X X X G E X G C E X X E X X E E E X G E E E X

G G E E E E

E E E C G

X C X X X X

E X E C G E

X F G F F C F X X X F E X G X

X X F F G E

X X F X X G C F X X X G E X F X G X E X X E X E E X E E E G

X E C X E

G C G G G E G

X C C X X X X X X E X F G E X

E E E E E E E E

G E G E G G E G

X X X C

X X X G

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X X X E E

E G F

X E X

E E

X G X

X G X

X G X X

E G E F G E C

G G G E G G G G

X E C

E G G E E E

X E G E E E E E E G

X E E E E

E F E E G E E E X

C X X

C X X

E E E

E E E G

X X

X X E X X E X E G X E E E E G

E E

E E E E

X E E G G E X E C X E E E X

E E G G E E E E E E E

I E G G E E E E E E

E E E

G C E C G E X X E G X X C E E E E E E E E E G E X E X E G G G X X G E X X X X X X X X X E E E E E E C E C G E G X G G E G E E G G E E G E E E E E E E E G E E E E E X X E X F X X G X X X C X E X G X X G X X X C E E E E E E E C X E X E E E G X E E E E E E X E E E E X X E X G X X G X X X X X E X X X X X X X X X E C C C E E X E E E E E X X E X G X X G X X X X X E X X X X X X X X X E E E E E E C E E C C C C C X E E X X G G E E E E E E E E E E G

G E

X G X

X E X

C E

X X

E E

E E

X X

E E E E E E E E E E E F E G G E E G E X

X X X C X E C G E E X E E E X G

X G X C X X E X E X X E G X X G

C G G C C E E X X X X X X X X X

X X X E X C E X E E G E E E G E

G X X E

E F

X E E E E E E E E E E

G C G C E G E E E E E E E E E E

G E E E E G E X

E C E E E E E C

E E E E E E E E

E E

X X X X X X

E E E

E E E

D-3

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

BANANA OIL BARIUM CHLORIDE BARIUM HYDROXIDE BARIUM SULFIDE BEER BEET SUGAR LIQUORS BENZAL CHLORIDE BENZALDEHYDE BENZENE BENZENE CARBOXYLIC ACID BENZINE BENZOIC ACID BENZOL BENZOTRICHLORIDE BENZYL ACETATE BENZYL ALCOHOL BENZYL CHLORIDE BENZYL ETHER BIS (2-CLOROETHYL) ETHER BLACK SULFATE LIQUOR BLEACH BORAX SOLUTION BORIC ACID BRAKE FLUID (HD-557)12 DAYS BRINE BROMACIL BROMOBENZENE BROMOCHLOROMETANE BROMOETHANE BROMOTOLUENE BUGDIOXANE BUNKER OIL BUTADIENE BUTANE BUTANOIC ACID BUTANOL (BUTYL ALCOHOL) BUTANONE BUTOXYETHANOL BUTYL ACETATE BUTYL ACRYLATE BUTYL ALCOHOL BUTYL ALDEHYDE BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE BUTYL CARBITOL BUTYL CELLUSOLVE BUTYL CHLORIDE BUTYL ETHER BUTYL ETHER ACETALDEHYDE BUTYL ETHYL ETHER BUTYL OLEATE BUTYL PHTHALATE BUTYL STEARATE BUTYLENE BUTYRALDEHYDE BUTYRIC ACID BUTYRIC ANHYDRIDE CADMIUM ACETATE CALCIUM ALUMINATE CALCIUM BICHROMATE CALCIUM BISULFIDE CALCIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM HYDROXIDE CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE CALCIUM NITRATE CALCIUM SULFIDE CALCIUM ACETATE CAPRYLIC ACID CARBAMIDE CARBITOL CARBOLIC ACID PHENOL CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DISULFIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

G E E X X X X G X

C E E E E E G E X X X

G E E E E E X C X E E G X G E X C G

E E E G G X X G X

E E E E E X X X X

C E E E G E E X X X X

C G

X E E E C E X X E X X

X E F G E E E E G F

E E E E E X X X X

G G

X E E E E E X X X X X X

E E E E E C G E G E

E E E E E X E E E

E E E

E E E

X C

F E

E E E E E G E E E

E E G E E G F E E E

G X G

C X

X F C

X G

X X

X X C

X X C

E E

X E C

X X G E

E G E G E

E E E E X G G X

G X E E G E X X

G F E E G E X X X

X G X

E G E E E E E X G

E E

G X C E C F X X

F E E E C

G X G E E X X X

X X X X X

G X G E E E X X X

G E

E E E E E E

E G E E X E G X G

G E E E C G F E E E E E E E G E E E C E G E E E E E E E E E E G E E C E E E E E E E C E G

E F

E G F X G

C X

G X E G X X G

X X E E

E G

X X

G X E E E E E F C E G G E X X E F F G E E E E G E E G F F E E X E X

G E E G E G G E G E E C E

X X E E

X C G E

X X X G

E E X C

E X E E X X X E C X C C

E E E

X X X E

E C E G

E X X E G X

E E E E G C G

E G E E

E G E G E E E E E G E E E E E F E E E E E F E E G E E E E E E E F G

X X E X C X X

X X E X C X X X X X X X X X X X G X E F E G F E E X G X X E X E X

C X E E E G C

X C G G E E X C X X

G X X G G

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X X E F X X X X X X X X X X X X F F X E F C E X E

X G G C C E G

X E X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X E

E E

X X E X C C X G X X E F C E X G X E

E G C

E E E

E E X E E X

X E X G X

E E E E E E E E E E C X

C E E X E E G

X E E E E E E

G E E E

E E E X E G G

E E X E E X F X X E X E X

E X X E X X

E G X E E X X X X E X G X

E E E E E E E

E E X E E X

G X C X C X

G G C X C X

E E C

G X X X E X

E X E G

G X E G X C

E E E E E E

G E G E E E

D-4

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

CARBON ACID CASTROL OIL CAUSTIC SODA (SEE SODIUM HYDROXIDE) CELLOSOLVE ACETATE CELLUGUARD CETYLIC ACID CHINA WOOD OIL (TUNG OIL) CHLORINATED SOLVENTS CHLORO-2-PROPANONE CHLOROACETIC ACID CHLOROACETONE CHLOROBENZENE CHLOROBUTANE CHLORODANE CHLOROTHYL BENZENE CHLOROFORM CHLOROPENTANE CHLOROSULFONIC ACID CHLOROTOLUENE CHLOROX CHROME PLATING SOLUTIONS CHROMIC ACID CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE CINNAMENE CIS-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID CITRIC ACID COAL OIL COAL TAR COAL TAR NAPHTHA COCONUT OIL COKE OVEN GAS COOLANOL (MONSANTO) COPPER CHLORIDE COPPER CYANIDE COPPER HYDRATE COPPER HYDROXIDE COPPER SULFATE CORN OIL COTTONSEED OIL CREOSOTE CRESOLS CRESYLIC ACID CROTONALDEHYDE CRUDE OIL CUMENE CUPRIC CARBONATE CUPRIC HYDROXIDE CUPRIC NITRATE CUPRIC SULFATE CUTTING OIL CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANOL CYCLOHEXANONE CYCLOPENTANE CYCLOPENTANOL CYCLOPENTANONE CYCLOPENTIL ALCOHOL D-FURALDEHYDE DDT IN KEROSENE DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE DECAHYDROXYNHAPHTHALENE DECALIN DECYL ALCOHOL DECYL ALDEHYDE DECYL BUTYL PHTHALATE DECIL CARBINOL DETERGENT, WATER SOLUTION DEVELOPING FLUID (PHOTO) DEXTRON DI (2ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE DI (2ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE DI-ISO-BUTYLENE DI-ISO-DECYL PHTHALATE

X G X X C X X X X

E E E E

E E

X E X E

E E X E X X X X X X X X X X X G X G

G G G G X X X E X E

X G

X E X E E X

X E F E

E F X E X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

E X E E C X X X X

E G X E X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

E E E E

E E X E E E X X E E G E E X G E E C

E E E

E E E

E C X X F G X F X X X X X G X F X X C X X G X X E E E C E X X X X X X X X E X X X X X G X X X X X X E C E E G E G G E G E X G X E X X C E E E E G G E E G F G X C E G G

X X X X X X

X C X G X X

X X X G G C

X X X X

C X X G E

G E X X X G X E E E E E E C X X X E X X E E E X X X X X X X

E G G X E C E

G G G C X X

E G G E E C E E E E E E C G E G E E C C X E

E C C C X X X X

X E X X X X X G E E G G E X X X X X X X X E E E G X X X X X X

E X X C X X E E

E X E E X E C E

E E

E C

X E

E C C X X X X X

E G G

E E C C X X G X

X G E X X

X E X X X X X X F E F F F X X X X X X X X F F F X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X C X X

X E X X X X X X E E G G E X X X X X X X X E E E X X X X X X X

E X

E C X E

X X

E G E E E E E E

C C E E E C E E E E F F E E E E E E X E E E E E E X E X E G

E E E E E E E E E E E E E C E E E E E E E E E G E E E E E

E E E

E E E E G E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

G G E G X

G X G X

X X X X

E G C X

E E E

E G G G

X X X

E E E E

X E E E X G E G X

X E X X G E X

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X E X X G G X

E G X F E E E

E E E E

X E E E

E G

G E G

E G X

E E E

C C X X E X X X G X E X E E

D-5

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

DI-ISO-PROPANOLAMINE DI-ISO-PROPYL ETHER DI-ISO-PROPYL KETONE DI-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE DIACETONE ALCOHOL DIACETYLMETHANE DIALLYLPHTHALATE DIAMMONIUM PHPSPHATE DIAMYL NAPHTHALENE DIAMYLAMINE DIAMYLENE DIAMYLPHENOL DIBENZYL ETHER DIBROMOBENZENE DIBROMOMETHANE DIBUTYL ETHER DIBUTYL PHTHALATE DIBUTYL SEBACATE DIBUTYLAMINE DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DICHLORO ETHYLENE DICHLOROACETIC ACID DICHLOROBENZENE DICHLOROBUTANE DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE DICHLOROETHANE DICHLOROETHYL ETHER DICHLOROHEXANE DICHLOROMETHANE DICHLOROPENTANE DICHLOROPROPANE DICHLOROPROPENE DICHLOROTOLUENE DIESEL OIL DIETHANOL AMINE DIETHYLBENZINE DIETHYL ETHER DIETHYL KETONE DIETHYL OXALATE DIETHYL PHTHALATE DIETHYL SEBACATE DIETHYL SULFATE DIETHYLAMINE DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYLENE OXIDE DIETHYLENETRIAMINE DIETHYLTRIAMINE DIHYDROXY SUCCINIC ACID DIHYDROXYDIETHYL ETHER DIISOBUTYL KETONE DIISODECYL PHTHALATE DIISOOCTYL ADIPATE DIISOOCTYL PHTHALATE DIMETHYL CARBINOL DIMETHYL KETONE DIMETHYL PHTHALATE DIMETHYL SULFATE DIMETHYL SULFIDE DIMETHYL-3-PENTANONE DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANONE DIMETHYLAMINE DIMETHYLANILINE DIMETHYLBENZENE DIMETHYLBUTANE DIOCTYL ADIPATE DIOCTYL PHTHALATE DIOXALANE DIOXANE DIPENTENE DIPENTYLAMINE DIPROPYLAMINEOLAMINE DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DISODIUM PHOSPHATE

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D-6

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

DIVINYL BENZENE DOWELL INHIBITOR DOWFAX 2A1 SOLVENT DOWFAX 2A1 TA DOWFAX 6A1 SOLVENT DOWFAX 6A1 TA DOWTHERMN, A AND E DRY CLEANING FLUIDS DUCGKIRIOEBAANE DURD AW-16,31 DURO FR-HD ETHANOIC ACID ETHANOL (GRAIN ALCOHOL) ETHANOLAMINE ETHERS ETHYL ACETATE ETHYL ACETOACETATE ETHYL ACETONE ETHYL ACRYLATE ETHYL ALCOHOL ETHYL ALDEHYDE ETHYL ALUMINIUM DICHLORIDE ETHYL BENZENE ETHYL BROMIDE ETHYL BUTYL ACETATE ETHYL BUTYL ALCOHOL ETHYL CELLULOSE ETHYL CHLORIDE ETHYL DICHLORIDE ETHYL DIISOBUTYLTHIO-CABARMATE ETHYL ETHER ETHYL FORMATE ETHYL IODIDE ETHYL OXALATE ETHYL PHTHALATE ETHYL SILICATE ETHYL-N-BUTYL KETONE ETHYL-1-BUTANOL ETHYLAMINE ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN ETHYLENE DIAMINE ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE ETHYLENE G. MONOETHYL E ACETATE ETHYLENE G. MONOBUTYL ETHER ETHYLENE G. MONOETHYL ETHER ETHYLENE G. MONOEHEXIL ETHER ETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYLENE OXIDE FATTY ACIDS FERRIC BROMADE FERRIC CHLORIDE FERRIC NITRATE FERRIC SULFATE FERROUS ACETATE FERROUS CHLORIDE FERROUS SULFATE FLUOBORIC ACID FLUORINE FLUOSILICIC ACID FORMALDEHYDE FORMALIN FORMIC ACID FREON SO2 FREON 113 FREON 12 FREON 22 FUEL A (ASTM) FUEL B (ASTM) FUEL OIL FURAN FURFURAL FURFURAN

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D-7

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

FURFURYL ALCOHOL GALLIC ACID GALLOTANNIC ACID GAS, COAL GAS, HIGH OCTANE GASOLINE GLACIAL ACRYLIC ACID GLUCONIC ACID GLUCOSE GLYCERINE GLYCEROL GLYCOGENIC ACID GLYCOLS GLYCONIC ACID GLYCLYL ALCOHOL GREASE GREEN SULPHATE LIQUOR HALON 1211 HELIUM HEPTALDEHYDE HEPTANAL HEPTANE HEPTANE CARBOXYLIC ACID HEPTANOIC ACID HEPTANONE HEXADECANOIC ACID HEXALDEHYDE HEXANE HEXANOL HEXENE HEXYL ALCOHOL HEXYL METHYL KETONE HEXYLAMINE HEXYLENE GLYCOL HISTOWAX HYDRAULIC & MOTOR OIL HYDRAZINE HYDROBROMIC ACID HYDROCLORIC ACID HYDROCIANIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID HYDROGEN CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN DIOXIDE (10%) HYDROGEN GAS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OVER 10% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 10% HYDROGEN SULFIDE (WET) HYDROXY BENZENE HYDROXYISOBUTYRONIRILE HYDROXYTOLUENE HYVAR VXL IMINODI-2-PROPANOL IMINODIETHANOL IODINE IODINE PENTAFLUORIDE IODOFORM ISO-BUTANAL ISO-BUTYLAMINE ISO-BUTYLBROMIDE ISO-BUTYLCARBINOL ISOCYANATES ISOOCTANE ISOPROPYL ACETATE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ISOPROPYL ETHER JET FUELS JP-4 OIL KEROSENE KETONES LACQUER SOLVENTS LACTIC ACID - COLD LACTIC ACID - HOT

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D-8

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

LARD LAVENDER OIL LEAD ACETATE LEAD NITRATE LEAD SULFATE LIME LIME BLEACH LIME SULFUR LIMONENE LINOLEIC ACID LINSEED OIL LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) LUBRICATING OIL LYE SOLUTIONS MEK MAGNESIUM ACETATE MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE MAGNESIUM HYDRATE MAGNESIUM HYDROXYDE MAGNESIUM SULFATE & SULPHITE MALEIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE MALIC ACID MANGANOUS SULFATE MAPP MERCURY MERCURY VAPORS MESITYL OXIDE METHALLYL ALCOHOL METHALLYL CHLORIDE METHANE CARBOXYLIC ACID METHANOIC ACID METHANOL (METHYL ALCOHOL) METHANOL (WOOD ALCOHOL) METHOXY ETHANOL METHOXYETHOXY ETHANOL METHOXYPROPENYL BENZENE METHYL ACETATE METHYL ACETOACETATE METHYL ACETONE METHYL ACETYLENE PROPADIENE METHYL ALLYL ALCOHOL METHYL ALLYL CHLORIDE METHYL AMYL CARBINOL METHYL BENZENE METHYL BROMIDE METHYL BUTANE METHYL BUTYL ALCOHOL METHYL BUTYL KETONE METHYL CARBITOL MRTHYL CELLOSOLVE METHYL CHLORIDE METHYL CYANIDE METHYL ETHYL KETONE METHYL HEXANOL METHYL METHACRILATE METHYL NORMAL AMYL KETONE METHYL PROPYL ETHER METHYL SALYCILATE METHYL STYRENE METHYL SULFIDE METHYL TERTIARY METYL ETHER METHYL 1-2, 4-PENTANEDIOL METHYL-ISO-AMYL-KETONE METHYL-L-PROPANOL METHYL-2-BUTANOL METHYL-2-BUTANONE METHYL-2-HEXANONE METHYL-2-PENTANOL METHYL-2-PENTANONE METHYL-2-PROPEN-L-OL METHYL-3-PENTEN-1-ONE METHYL-4-ISOPROPYL BENZENE

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D-9

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

METHYLALLYL ACETATE METHYLAMYL ALCOHOL METHYLCYCLOEXANE METHYLENE BROMIDE METHYLENE CHLORIDE METHYLETYL KETONE METHYLEXYL KETONE METHYLISOBUTYL CARBINOL METHYLISOBUTYL KETONE METHYLISOPROPYL KETONE METHYLLACTONITRILE METHYLPHENOL METHYLPROPYL CARBINOL METHYLPROPYL KETONE MIL-A-6091 MIL-C-4339 MIL-C-7024 MIL-E-9500 MIL-F-16884 MIL-F-17111 MIL-F-25558 (RJ-1) MIL-G-10924 MIL-G-25013 MIL-G-25537 MIL-G-3545 MIL-G-5572 MIL-G-7711 MIL-H-05606 (HFA) MIL-H-13910 MIL-H-19457 MIL-H-22251 MIL-H-27601 MIL-H-5606 (J43) MIL-H-6083 MIL-H-8446 (MLO-8515) MIL-J-5161 MIL-J-5624 (JP-3,JP-4,JP-5) MIL-L-15016 MIL-L-17331 MIL-L-2104 MIL-L-21260 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-25681 MIL-L-3150 MIL-L-4343 MIL-L-6082 MIL-L-6085 MIL-L-7808 MIL-L-7870 MIL-L-9000 MIL-L-9236 MIL-P-27402 MIL-R-25567 (RP-1) MIL-S-3136 TYPE 1 FUEL MIL-S-3136 TYPE 2 FUEL MIL-S-3136 TYPE 3 FUEL MIL-S-3136 TYPE 4 OIL, LOWSWELL MIL-S-3136 TYPE 5 OIL, MEDSWELL MIL-S-3136 TYPE 6 OIL, HI SWELL MIL-S-81087 MINERAL OIL MINERAL SPIRITS MOBILE HFA MOLTEN SULFUR MONO-CHLOROACETIC ACID MONOBUTYL ETHER MONOCHLOROBENZENE MONOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE MONOETHANOL AMINE MONOETHYL AMINE MORPHOLINE MOTOR OIL, 40W MTBE

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D - 10

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

MURIATC ACID N-BUTANAL N-BUTYLAMINE N-BUTYLBENZENE N-BUTYLBROMIDE N-BUTYLBUTYRATE N-BUTYLCARBINOL N-NONYL ALCOHOL N-OCTANE N-SERV (75% XYLENE) NA-K NAPHTHA NAPHTHALENE NAPHTHENIC ACID NATURAL GAS NEOHEXANE NEON GAS NEU-TRI NICKEL ACETATE NICKEL CHLORIDE NICKEL NITRATE NICKEL SULFATE NIETYLENE NITRIC ACID, CONC (16N) NITRIC ACID, RED FUMING NITRIC ACID, 10% NITRIC ACID, 13N NITRIC ACID, 13N +5% NITRIC ACID, 20% NITRIC ACID, 30% NITRIC ACID, 30% - 70% NITRILOTRIETHANOL NITROBENZENE NITROETHANE NITROGEN NITROMETHANE NITROUS OXIDE GAS NONANOIC ACID NONANOL NUTO H NYVAC LIGHT OCTANOIC ACID OCTANOL OCTYL ACETATE OCTYL ALCOHOL OCTYL ALDEHYDE OCTYL AMINE OCTYL CARBINOL OCTYLENE GLYCOL OIL-PETROLEUM OLEIC ACID OLEUM (FUMING SULFURIC ACID) OLIVE OIL ORTHO-DICHLOROBENZENE ORTHO-DICHLOROBENZOL ORTHOXYLENE OXALIC ACID OXYDIETHANOL OZONE P-CYMENE PAINT THINNER PALMITIC ACID PAPERMAKERS ALUM PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE PARAFFIN WAX PARALDEHYDE PARAXYLENE PCB PELARGONIC ALCOHOL PENTACHLOROETHANE PENTADIONE PENTAMETHYLENE PENTANE

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D - 11

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

PENTANOL PENTANONE PENTASOL PENTYL ACETATE PENTYL ALCOHOL PENTYL BROMIDE PENTYL CHLORIDE PENTYL ETHER PENTYLAMINE PERCHLORIC ACID - 2N PERCHLOROETHYLENE PERCHLOROMETHANE PETROLEUM CRUDE PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM OILS PHENBO PHENOL PHENOLSULFONIC ACID PHENYLAMINE PHENYLBROMIDE PHENYLBUTANE PHENYLCHLORIDE PHENYLETHYLENE PHENYLMETHANE PHENYLMETHANOL PHENYLMETHYL ACETATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS PHOSPHORIC ACID 10% PHOSFORIC ACID 10% - 85% PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE PIRIC ACID, H20 SOLUTION PINE OIL PINENE POLY CHLORINATED BIPHENOL POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL E-400 POLYOL ESTER POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL POTASSIUM ACETATE POTASSIUM BISULFATE POTASSIUM BISULFITE POTASSIUM CARBONATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CHROMATE POTASSIUM CYANIDE POTASSIUM DICHROMATE POTASSIUM HYDRATE POTASSIUM HYDROXYDE POTASSIUM NITRATE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, 5% POTASSIUM SILICATE POTASSIUM SULFATE POTASSIUM SULFIDE POTASSIUM SULFITE PRESTONE ANTIFREEZE PRODUCER GAS PROPANE PROPANEDIOL PROPANETRIOL PROPANOL PROPANOLAMINE PROPANONE PROPEN-L-OL PROPENEDIAMENE PROPENENITRILE PROPENYL ALCOHOL PROPENYLANISOLE PROPIONIC ACID PRIOPIONITRILE PROPYL ACETATE PROPYL ALCOHOL PROPYL ALDEHYDE PROPYL BENZENE PROPYL CHLORIDE

G E

E C E C E C C E G

X E

X E

X E

X E

E E

E E

X X E

G X X X X E F

C C E E

C X G G

G X X X X X X

C X X X X X

X X

X X E G X

C X

X X X X X X X

X X E E X

X X X X X X X

X X

E E

E E E E E E X

E G E E E E G

G E E E E F G

E G X C

E E X E

X X

E E G X C X C C X G E E X G G G E

X X X G X X E X E G E E E E E E E E E E E E E X X E E E G E X X X C X F E E X G X X E X E E E E E E E E E E E E E E G E X E E E E F E F G G E E E E G G E E

E X X E X X X

X X X X X X G

E X C X

E E G X G X X E X E X E E E E E G E E E E E E C C E X X G X X E E X E E E E E G G G E E E E E X E E E X

G G

E E E E E E E E

X E

G G

E E G C E

E E E E C E

E E E E E E

E E E X E

G E E

E E E X E

E E E E E

E E E E E E E E G E X E E E E E E F X E E E E E E E E F

E E

E E

E E

E E E E E E E E E G G E G E E E E E

E E E E G E G E E E E E E

C G X

C E

E E E G C

E E E X X

E E E E E E E E E E X

E E E

X X E E

E E

E E E E E

X C

G E E F

G E C C

G X E

X E

E X G E

X E X E

E X E F X G E X E E X E X G E E E G E E E E G

D - 12

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

PROPYL ETHER PROPYL NITRATE PROPYLENE PROPYLENE DIAMINE PROPYLENE GLYCOL PYDRAUL, 'E' SERIES PYDRAULIC 'C' QUINTOLUBRIC 822 SERIES RED OIL REFRIGERANT 11 REFRIGERANT 12 REFRIGERANT 22 RESORCINOL SAE NO. 10 OIL SAL AMMONIAC SEA WATER SEWAGE SILICATE ESTERS SILICATE OF SODA SILICONE GREASE SILICONE OIL SILVER NITRATE SKYDROL 500 TYPE 2 SKYDROL 500B SKYDROL 500C SKYDROL 7000 TYPE 2 SOAP SOLUTIONS SODA ASH SODA LIME SODA NITER SODIUM ACETATE SODIUM ALUMINATE SODIUM BICARBONATE SODIUM BISULFATE SODIUM BISULFITE SODIUM BORATE SODIUM CARBONATE SODIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CYANIDE SODIUM DICHROMATE SODIUM HYDRATE SODIUM HYDROCHLORITE SODIUM HYDROXIDE (CAUSTIC SODA) SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM METAPHOSPHATE SODIUM NITRATE SODIUM PERBORATE SODIUM PEROXIDE SODIUM PHOSPHATE SODIUM SILICATE SODIUM SULFATE SODIUM SULFIDE SODIUM SULFITE SODIUM THIOSULFATE SOYBEAN OIL STANNIC CHLORIDE STANNIC SULFIDE STANNOUS CHLORIDE STANNOUS SULFIDE STEAM, BELOW 350 DEG F STEARIC ACID STODDARD SOLVENT STYRENE SULFAMIC ACID SULFUR SULFUR CHLORIDE SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR TRIOXIDE, DRY SULFURIC ACID 60% (200F) SULFURIC ACID, CONC. SULFURIC ACID, FUMING SULFURIC ACID, 25% SULFURIC ACID, 25%-50%

X E

G X E E

E G E

X X

G X X

X X X G X G G C E G E E E E E X X X X G E

X X F E X

G X

X X

E X X X X X X

E E

X E E E X

E C

E E F X E E E E G G E E E E G E E F E E E E E E E G E G E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E G G X X E F X G G X X E E

E E E E E E G G E E E E E E E E E E E E

X E E E E E E E E X X X E E G E X E E E E E E E E F G F G F G E G G E E E E E E G E E E E X X X X G F G G X E X X X

X E E E F X E E E E E E E E E

X X G E G E X X G E E E G E E G X

X X G E X X X

X X G E X

X E E E E E E X E G E G G G X E E C E E E E E X X X G E E F E X E E C E E E E C C F G G E E C E E E E E E E E E E E E

X E E E E E E F X E E E E X F E E F X E E E E

X X E

E E E E E E E E E E E E E

E E E

E E E

E E E X E E

E E

G E E E E E E E C X G X G G G G G E E E E E G X E X G G X G X C X X X X X X

E E E E E E E E E G E G E E E E E E E E E E C E E E G X X E F X G G X X E E

G E E E E E E E C X X G E G G G E E E E E G E E E X G E X G X C X X X X X X X E E

E X

E E

G X X X E

E E E E G E E E E E E E E X E E C E

G E

C X E E E E E E E E E

E E E G

C C C X

X E E E

X X X

X G X X E

G X X X X X

G E E E X E E F E E E E E C E X E X E E G G E E E E E E X E E E E X X X X G X X C G X X G G

X X

X C F C E C C E C X X X C G

C C C C C E X X X C E X C X X C

E E G E X E E F E E E E E C G X G X E E G G E E E E E E X E E E E X X X X G X X C G X X X X

E E E E E E E E

E E E E E E E C E E E E G E G E G E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E X E E G C X E C G E X E E

E E E E E E E E E E E E E E G E

E E E E E E G E E

E E E E E E E E E E E E C E E E

C X C E G C G E C E E X F G

E E E E E G E E E E E E G F

G G X X E G

C X X X

X X X X

D - 13

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

SULFURIC ACID, 50%-96% SULFUROUS ACID, 10% SULFUROUS ACID, 10%-85% SUTAN T-BUTYL AMINE TALL OIL TALLOW TANNIC ACID TAR TAR BITUMINOUS TARTARIC ACID TELONE 2 TERITARY BUTYL ALCOHOL TERPINOL TERTIARY BUTYL AMINE TERTIARY BUTYL MERCAPTAN TEST ENTRY TEST ENTRY 1 TETRACHLOROBENZENE TETRACHLOROETHANE TETRACHLOROETHYLENE TETRACHLOROMETHANE TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL TETRAETHYLORTHOSILICATE TETRAHYDROFURAN THF TIN CHLORIDE TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE TOLUENE TOLUIDINE TOLUOL TRANSFORMER OIL TRANSMISSION 'A' OIL TRI(2-HYDROXYETHYL) AMINE TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE TRIBUTYLAMINE TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRICHLOROBENZENE TRICHLOROETHANE TRICHLOROETHYLENE TRICHLOROMETHANE TRICHLOROTOLUENE TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE TRIETHANOLAMINE TRIETHYLAMINE TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID TRIMETHYL PENTANES (MIXED) TRIMETHYL PENTENE TRIMETHYLAMINE TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE TRITOYL PHOSPHATE TUNG OIL TUNG OIL (CHINA OIL) TURPENTINE UDMH UNDECYL ALCOHOL UREA URETHANE FORMULATIONS URIC ACID VARNISH VEGETABLE OILS VERSILUBE F44 VERSILUBE F55 VINEGAR VINEGAR ACID VINYL ACETATE VINYL BENZENE VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL CYANIDE VINYL ETHER VINYL STYRENE

X E E

E E

X X X

G E E X X X E X X E E X X X

X G G G X X E X X G G C G X

X G G

X X X

X E E

X X X

X G X

E E E E

E C C F E C C E E C E E E

E E E E C C C X C E E G

G E E

C X G

X X E X X E E C X G X X X X X E X E X E

E G E

G G G G C G G X X E

E E E X G E G G X

X X X

X X E X X C E X X

C C C G C G E

X X F X X X E X X X X X X X X E X E X X

E E E E E E E

E E E X E E

X E X X X X X E X E X X X X X X X E X E X X

X C

G E E E G E X X

G E E E G

G G E E G E G I E G E F E F G E E E G E F

E X

G G

C C

E E C C

C C E G

X X

E E X X X X

X X E E G X X X

X X C C E E E C E X X X X X E E E E E E E E E E

X X

X X

G X

E E

G G X G X X X

C X X F X X X X

X X G G X X

E E X G X X

E E

X X X G C X X X

E E E

X X X G G X X X

E E E E E X

E E X C G E E

F E E G G G

X X

X X

E E E E

X G

X G F E

X G

X C

X E G E

C C

X X G E

E E

G X E

E E

E E E E

E G G X G E

E E

E E

C E

C X

G E E

C X E

X X E

E X G

X X E

G F

X X E

E E

E E X

E G

E C X E X C X X X C X E G G E E E X

E E E E E E E

E E E X X E C X X E E E E E E E

E G X X G

G G E C X E X

F X X X X

E X X X X

F X X X X

C X G E

X E G E E E E E E

D - 14

Chemical or Material Conveyed

AU IIR CM CR CSM EPDM TPES NBR

COMPOUND
PA NR T SBR EPDM_PP PTFE FKM XLPE UHMWPE

VINYL TOLUENE VINYL TRICHLORIDE VITAL, 4300,5310 VM & NAPHTHA WATER WATER, BOILING WATER, SODA WEMCO C WHISKEY WHITE OIL WHITE PINE OIL WINES WOOD ALCOHOL WOOD OIL XENON XYLENE, XYLON XYLIDINE ZEOLITES ZINC ACETATE ZINC CARBONATE ZINC CHLORIDE ZINC CHROMATE ZINC SULFATE O-AMINOTOLUENE 1 UNDECANOL 1-AMINO-2-PROPANOL 1-AMINOBUTANE 1-AMINOPENTANE 1-BROMO-2-METHYL PROPANE 1-BROMO-3-METHYL BUTANE 1-BROMOBUTANE 1-CHLORO-2-METHYL PROPANE 1-CHLORO-3-METHYL BUTANE 1-DECANOL 1-HENDACANOL 1,4-DIOXANE 2(2AMINOETHYLAMINO) ETHANOL 2(2ETHOXYETHOXY) ETHANOL 2(2ETHOXYETHOXY) ETHYL ACETATE 2-AMINOETHANOL 2-CHLORO-1-HYDROXY-BENZENE 2-CHLOROPHENOL 2-CHLOROPROPANE 2-ETHOXYETHANOL 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE 2-ETHYL(BUTYRALDEHYDE) 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACETATE 2-OCTANONE 2,4-DI-SEC--PENTYLPHENOL 3-BROMOPROPENE 3-CHLORO-2-METHYL PROPANE 3-CHLOROPROPENE 3-COAL OIL 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2PENTANONE

X X X E

C G F G E G E E X E E G E X C E E E E

X X X E X X E E X E X X E E X E X G E E E E X E E E E E E E E G E E E E X C E E E E E

X X X E E E

X X E X F E E E E E E E E X E E E E E

E E E E

E E X E

E E E E

E G E

E X E X X C E C X X E

X E X X E E X E X X E E E E E E E

X C E X X G E E G G G G G C C E E G E E E E C C G E G C E E G C E G G G E

X E X X E E C E X X E E E E F E E

X E

X E X X E E X E X C E E E E E E

E X X G X G G E F X X E E

X E X X E E X E X C E X E E E E

E X X E X X E E E X E X E E E G

X X X E E G G

G G

E E G E E

E E E E G

E G

E X X E

E X

E X

G X

E E

E X X

G X X X X X X X

G X X X

G X X E X G E E E

E E

X E

X E

X E

X G

E E

E E E E

D - 15

PVC CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART

A: C: U: Blank: Satisfactory Questionable - Suggest testing Unsatisfactory No data available

Chemical

Concentration

Temperature 20 C 60 C 68 F 140 F U A C U A A A A A A A A A A A A U A A U C U U A U A C A A A U C A A A A U U A A C A U A U A A U C U U C C C C C C A C A A U A

Chemical

Concentration Temperature 20 C 60 C 68 F 140 F Wet Gas Water C U U U U A A U A A A A U A U A U A A A A A U U C A U U U A A U U A A A A A A A U U A C U A C A A U U U U U C A U A A A U U C U C U C A A A A U U U A U U U A A U U A A A A A A U U A U U C U A A

Acetate Solvents Acetic Acid Acetic Acid Acetone Acrylonitrile Adipic Acid Alcohol Butyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Methyl Aluminum Acetate Aluminum Chloride Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum Sulfate Allyl Chloride Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Hydroxide Animal Oils Amyl Acetate Aniline Oils Aromatic Hydrocarbons Asphalt ASTM Fuel A ASTM Fuel B ASTM 1 Oil ASTM 3 Oil Barium Chloride Barium Hydroxide Barium Sulfide Benzene Benzine Bordeaux Mixture Borax Boric Acid Brine Bromine Traces Butyl Acetate Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Hypochlorite Carbonic Acid Carbon Dioxide Carbon Disulphite Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Casein Chlorine

10% Glacial

0.88 S.G. (Aqueous) Dry Gas Liquid

Dry gas

U U U U A U C U A A A U C A A A A U U A A U A U A U C A

Chlorine Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Chloroform Chromic Acid Citric Acid Coal Tar Copper Chloride Copper Nitrate Copper Sulphate Cottonseed Oil Creosote Cresol Cresylic Acid Cyclohexane Cyclohexanone DDT Weed Killer Detergent Synthetic Developers Photographic Dextrin Dextrose Dibutyl Phthalate Dichlorobenzene Diesel Oil Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether Di-isodecyl Phthalate Dicotyl Phthalate Emulsifiers Emulsions Photographic Ethyl Acetate Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol Fatty Acid Ferric Chloride Ferric Sulphate Ferrous Chloride Ferrous Sulphate Fixing Solution Photographic Fluorine Formaldehyde Formic Acid Formic Acid Formic Acid Fuel Oil Glacial Acetic Acid Glucose Glycerine

10%

A 40% 40% 50% 100%

E-1

Chemical

Concentration

Temperature 20 C 60 C 68 F 140 F A A C C A A A A A A A A A A U C U A U C A C U U A A U C U A A

Chemical

Concentration Temperature 20 C 60 C 68 F 140 F A A A C U C A A A A A A A A A A U A C U A C U A A A U U U A U C A A U U A U A A A A A U U U A C A A A A U A C A U A U U A C U C A A U U U A U U A A U U A U A A

Grape Sugar Grease Heptane Hexane Hydrobromic Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrofluoboric Acid Hydrofluosilicic Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Sulphide Iso-octan Isopropyl Acetate Kerosene Ketones Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lacquer Solvents Linseed Oil Lubricating Oils Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Hydroxide Magnesium Sulphate Malic Acid Methyl Acetate Methyl Bromide Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methylene Chloride Mineral Oils Monochlorobenzene Naphtha Napthalene Nitric Acid Nitric Acid Nitric Acid Nitrobenzene Nitrogen Fertilizers Oleic Acid

10% 40% 10% 40%

Oxalic Acid Palmitic Acid Paraffin Pentane Perchloroethylene Phenol Phosphoric Acid Pitch Potassium Hydroxide Propane Sea Water
Sodium Hydroxide ( causticsoda) Sodium Hydroxide (causticsoda)

10% 50%

C U C U U U

10% 100%

10% 40% 70%

A A A A U U U U A U C C A A U U A A

A A A A U U U U U U U A C U U C

Sodium Cyanide Soybean Oil Stearic Acid Styrene Sulphur Dioxide Sulphur Dioxide Sulphur Dioxide Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphurous Acid Tannic Acid Tartaric Acid Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Trichlorethylene Triethanolamine Tricresyl Phosphate Turpentine Urea Vinegar Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride Water Xylene Zinc Chloride Zinc Sulphate

Dry Moist Liquid 45% 60% 98% 30%

E-2

VACUUM PRESSURE CONVERSIONS

(1 psi = 0.069 bar)
Torr (mm) Hg 0,254 0,508 0,762 1,016 1,270 1,524 1,778 2,032 2,286 2,540 5,080 7,620 10,16 12,70 15,24 17,78 20,32 22,86 25,40 50,80 76,20 101,6 127,0 152,4 177,8 203,2 228,6 254,0 279,4 304,8 330,2 355,6 381,0 406,4 431,8 457,2 482,6 508,0 533,4 558,8 584,2 609,6 635,0 660,4 685,8 711,2 736,6 760,0 PSI 0,00491 0,00982 0,01474 0,01965 0,02456 0,02947 0,03438 0,03930 0,04421 0,04912 0,0982 0,1474 0,1965 0,2456 0,247 0,3438 0,3930 0,4421 0,4912 0,9824 1,474 1,965 2,456 2,947 3,438 3,930 4,421 4,921 5,403 5,894 6,386 6,877 7,368 7,859 8,350 8,842 9,333 9,824 10,315 10,806 11,298 11,789 12,280 12,771 13,262 13,754 14,245 14,696 Bar 0.00034 0.00068 0.00102 0.00136 0.00169 0.00203 0.00237 0.00271 0.00305 0.00339 0.00678 0.01017 0.01256 0.01695 0.01704 0.02372 0.02712 0.03050 0.03389 0.06779 0.10171 0.13559 0.16946 0.20334 0.23722 0.27117 0.30505 0.33955 0.37281 0.40669 0.44063 0.47451 0.50839 0.54227 0.57615 0.61010 0.64398 0.67786 0.71174 0.74561 0.77956 0.81344 0.84732 0.88120 0.91508 0.94903 0.98291 1.01402 % 0,03% 0,07% 0,10% 0,13% 0,17% 0,20% 0,23% 0,27% 0,30% 0,33% 0,67% 1,00% 1,34% 1,67% 2,01% 2,34% 2,67% 3,01% 3,34% 6,68% 10,03% 13,37% 16,71% 20,05% 23,39% 26,74% 30,08% 33,42% 36,76% 40,11% 43,45% 46,79% 50,13% 53,47% 56,82% 60,16% 63,50% 66,84% 70,18% 73,53% 76,87% 80,21% 83,55% 86,89% 90,24% 93,58% 96,92% 100,00%

F-1

PRESSURE CONVERSION
METRIC TO PSI (1 kPa = .145 psi)
Kilo Pascals (kPa) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 Mega Pascals (MPa) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 Bar (Bar) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2,000 3,000 Pounds per Square Inch (psi) 14.5 29.0 43.5 58.0 72.5 87.0 101.5 116.0 130.5 145.0 290.1 435.1 580.2 725.2 870.2 1,015 1,160 1,305 1.450 2,901 4,351 5,802 7,252 8,702 10,153 11,603 13,053 14,504 29,008 43,511 Pounds per Square Inch (psi) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PSI TO METRIC (1 psi = 6.89 kPa)

Kilo Pascals (kPa) 68.9 137.9 206.8 275.8 344.7 413.7 482.6 551.6 620.5 689 1,379 2,068 2,758 3,447 4,137 4,826 5,516 6,205 6,895 13,790 20,684 27,579 34,474 41,369 48,263 55,158 62,053 68,948 137,895 206,843 275,790 Mega Pascals (MPa) 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.34 0.41 0.48 0.55 0.62 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.2 6.9 13.8 20.7 27.6 34.5 41.4 48.3 55.2 62.1 68.9 147.9 206.8 275.8 Bar (Bar) 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.2 6.9 13.8 20.7 27.6 34.5 41.4 48.3 55.2 62.1 68.9 147.9 206.8 275.8 344.7 413.7 482.6 551.6 620.5 689 1,379 2,068 2,758

MILLIMETRE EQUIVALENTS OF FRACTIONS

mm 5 6 8 10 12 16 20 22 25 28 30 32 35 38 40 Inches
3

mm 42 45 48 51 55 57 63 65 70 76 80 90 102 105 110

Inches 1 /8 1 /4 1 /8 2 2 /8 2 /4 2 /2 2 /8 2 /8 3 3 /8 3 /2 4 4 /8 4 /16
5 1 1 1 7 5 1 1 1 7 3 5

mm 115 120 127 130 133 140 152 170 180 203 254 305

Inches 4 /2 4 /4 5 5 /8 5 /4 5 /2 6 6 /8 7 /16 8 10 12
1

/16 1 /4 5 /16 3 /8 1 /2 5 /8 3 /4 7 /8
1 1 /8 1 /16 1 /4 1 /8 1 /2 1 /16
9 1 3 1 3
1

1 3

1 1

F-2

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE

-459 to 0 C F -459,4 -450 -440 -430 -420 -410 -400 -390 -380 -370 -360 -350 -340 -330 -320 -310 -300 -290 -280 -273 -270 -260 -250 -240 -230 -220 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 -160 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 C F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 0 to 100 C F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 C F 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 100 to 1000 C F 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000

C -273 -268 -262 -257 -251 -246 -240 -234 -229 -223 -218 -212 -207 -201 -196 -190 -184 -179 -173 -169 -168 -162 -157 -151 -146 -140 -134 -129 -123 -118 -112 -107 -101 -96 -90 -84 -79 -73 -68 -62 -57 -51 -46 -40 -34 -29 -23 -17,8

C -17,8 -17,2 -16,7 -16,1 -15,6 -15,0 -14,4 -13,9 -13,3 -12,8 -12,2 -11,7 -11,1 -10,6 -10,0 -9,4 -8,9 -8,3 -7,8 -7,2 -6,7 -6,1 -5,6 -5,0 -4,4 -3,9 -3,3 -2,8 -2,2 -1,7 -1,1 -0,6 0 0,6 1,1 1,7 2,2 2,8 3,3 3,9 4,4 5,0 5,6 6,1 6,7 7,2 7,8 8,3 8,9 9,4

F 32 33,8 35,6 37,4 39,2 41,0 42,8 44,6 46,4 48,2 50,0 51,8 53,6 55,4 57,2 59,0 60,8 62,6 64,6 66,2 68,0 69,8 71,6 73,4 75,2 77,0 78,8 80,6 82,4 84,2 86,0 87,8 89,6 91,4 93,2 95,0 96,8 98,6 100,4 102,2 104,0 105,8 107,6 109,4 111,2 113,0 114,8 116,6 118,4 120,2

C 10,0 10,6 11,1 11,7 12,2 12,8 13,3 13,9 14,4 15,0 15,6 16,1 16,7 17,2 17,8 18,3 18,9 19,4 20,0 20,6 21,1 21,7 22,2 22,8 23,3 23,9 24,4 25,0 25,6 26,1 26,7 27,2 27,8 28,3 28,9 29,4 30,0 30,6 31,1 31,7 32,2 32,8 33,3 33,9 34,4 35,0 35,6 36,1 36,7 37,2 37,8

F 122,0 123,8 125,6 127,4 129,2 131,0 132,8 134,6 136,4 138,2 140,0 141,8 143,6 145,4 147,2 149,0 150,8 152,6 154,4 156,2 158,0 159,8 161,6 163,4 165,2 167,0 168,8 170,6 172,4 174,2 176,0 177,8 179,6 181,4 183,2 185,0 186,8 188,6 190,4 192,2 194,0 195,8 197,6 199,4 201,2 203,0 204,8 206,6 208,4 210,2 212,0

C 38 43 49 54 60 66 71 77 82 88 93 99 100 104 110 116 121 127 132 138 143 149 154 160 166 171 177 182 188 193 199 204 210 216 221 227 232 238 243 249 254

F 212 230 248 266 284 302 320 338 356 374 392 410 413 428 446 464 482 500 518 536 554 572 590 608 626 644 662 680 698 716 734 752 770 788 806 824 842 860 878 896 914

C 260 266 271 277 282 288 293 299 304 310 316 321 327 332 338 343 349 354 360 366 371 377 382 388 393 399 404 410 416 421 427 432 438 443 449 454 460 466 471 477 482 488 493 499 504 510 516 521 527 532 538

F 932 950 968 986 1004 1022 1040 1058 1076 1094 1112 1130 1148 1166 1184 1202 1220 1238 1255 1274 1292 1310 1328 1346 1364 1382 1400 1418 1436 1454 1472 1490 1508 1526 1544 1562 1580 1598 1616 1634 1652 1670 1688 1706 1724 1742 1760 1778 1795 1814 1832

-459 -454 -436 -418 -400 -382 -364 -346 -328 -310 -292 -274 -256 -238 -220 -202 -184 -166 -148 -130 -112 -94 -76 -58 -40 -22 -4 14 32

Look up reading in middle column. If degrees Centigrade, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column; if in Fahrenheit degrees, read Centigrade equivalent in left hand column. Example: -20C = -4F (right); -20F = -2 9C (left).

F-3

CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres atmospheres Bar bar bar bar Barrels-Oil BT Units BTUs BTUs BTUs BTUs BTU/Min BTU/min BTU/min BTU/min Centimetres cm cm cms mercury cms mercury cms mercury cms mercury cms mercury cms/second cms/sec cms/sec cms/sec cms/sec cms/sec Cms/Sec/Sec Cubic Cms cu cms cu cms cu cms cu cms cu cms cu cms cu cms INTO cms of mercury ft of water (at 4C) in of mercury (at 0C) kgs/sq cm kgs/sq meter pounds/sq in Newton/sq m atmospheres at (tech.) psi gals-oil kg-calories ft-lbs hp-hrs kgs-meters kw-hrs ft-lb/sec hp kw watts inches meters mm atm ft water kgs/sq meter lbs/sq ft lbs/sq in ft/min ft/sec km/hr meter/min miles/hr miles/min ft/sec/sec cu ft cu in cu meters cu yds gals litres pints (liq) quarts (liq) MULTIPLY BY 76.0 33.90 29.92 1.0333 10,332 14.70 10 0.9869 1.0197 14.504 42 0.2520 777.9 4 3.927 x 10 107.5 4 2.928 x 10 12.96 0.02356 0.01757 17.57 0.3937 0.01 10 0.01316 0.4461 136.0 27.85 0.1934 1.969 0.03281 0.036 0.6 0.02237 4 3.728 x 10 0.03281 3.531 x 10 2 6.102 x 10 6 10 6 1.308 x 10 4 2.642 x 10 3 10 3 2.113 x 10 3 1.057 x 10
5 5

TO CONVERT cubic feet cu ft cu ft cu ft cu ft cu ft cu ft cu ft cu ft/min cu ft/min cu ft/min cu ft/min cu ft/sec cu inches cu ins cu ins cu ins cu ins cu ins cu ins cu ins cu Meters cu M cu M cu M cu M cu M cu M cu M cu yards cu yds cu yds cu yds cu yds Decimetres Degrees (Angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees/sec Degrees/sec Degrees/sec Feet ft ft ft

INTO cubic cms cu inches cu meters cu yds gals litres pints (liq) quarts (liq) cu cms/sec gals/sec litres/sec lbs water/min gals/min cc cu ft cu meters cu yds gals litres pints (liq) quarts (liq) cc cu ft cu ins cu yds gals litres pints (liq) quarts (liq) cu cms cu ft cu ins cu meters gals meters minutes radians secs radians/sec revs/min revs/sec cms ins meters yds

MULTIPLY BY 2.832 x 10 1728 0.02832 0.03704 7.48052 28.32 59.84 29.92 472.0 0.1247 0.4720 62.43 448.831 16.39 4 5.787 x 10 5 1.639 x 10 5 2.143 x 10 3 4.329 x 10 2 1.639 x 10 0.03463 0.01732 10 35.31 61,023 1.308 264.2 3 10 2113 1057 7.646 x 10 27 46,656 0.7646 202.0 0.1 60 0.01745 3600 0.01745 0.1667 0.002778 30.48 12 0.3048 1 /3
5 4 4

F-4

CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT Ft of Water ft of w ft of w ft of w ft of w feet/min ft/min ft/min ft/min ft/min ft/sec/sec ft/sec/sec ft-pounds ft lbs ft lbs ft lbs ft lbs ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/sec ft-lbs/sec ft-lbs/sec ft-lbs/sec gallons gals gals gals gals gals gals gallons, Imp gallons, US Gals Water gallons/min gal/min gal/min horse-power hp hp hp hp INTO atms ins mercury kgs/sq cm lbs/sq ft lbs/sq in cm/sec ft/sec kms/hr meters/min miles/hr cms/sec/sec Meters/sec/sec BTUs hp-hrs kg-calories kg-meters kw-hrs BTUs/min ft-lbs/sec hp kg-calories/min kws BTUs/min hp kg-calories/min kws ccs cu ft cu ins cu meters litres pints (liq) quarts (liq) US gals imp gals lbs water cu ft/sec litres/sec cu ft/hr BTUs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/sec hp (metric) kg-calories/min MULTIPLY BY 0.02950 0.8826 0.03048 62.32 0.4328 0.5080 0.01667 0.01829 0.3048 0.01136 30.48 0.3048 1.286 x 5.050 x 3.241 x 0.1383 3.766 x 10 7 10 4 10 10
7 3

TO CONVERT hp hp Hp-Hours hp-hrs hp-hrs hp-hrs hp-hrs Inches Ins Mercury ins mercury ins mercury ins mercury ins mercury Ins of Water ins of w ins of w ins of w ins of w Kilograms kgs kgs kgs Kgs/Sq Cm kgs/sq cm kgs/sq cm kgs/sq cm kgs/sq cm kilometres kms kms kms kms/hr kms/hr kms/hr kms/hr kms/hr

INTO kws watts BTUs ft-lbs kg-calories kg-meters kw-hrs cms atms ft water kgs/sq cm lbs/sq ft lbs/sq in atms ins mercury kgs/sq cm lbs/sq ft lbs/sq in dynes lbs tons (short) grams atms ft water ins mercury lbs/sq ft lbs/sq in cms ft meters miles cms/sec ft/min ft/sec meters/min miles/hr cms/sec/sec ft/sec/sec Meters/sec/sec BTUs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/sec hp kg-calories/min

MULTIPLY BY 0.7457 745.7 2547 6 1.98 x 10 641.7 5 2.737 x 10 0.7457 2.540 0.03342 1.133 0.03453 70.73 0.4912 0.002458 0.07355 0.002540 5.202 0.03613 980,665 2.205 3 1.102 x 10 1000 0.9678 32.81 28.96 20.48 14.22 10 3281 3 10 0.6214 27.78 54.68 0.9113 16.67 0.6214 27.78 0.9113 0.2778 56.92 4 4.425 x 10 737.6 1.341 14.34
5

1.286 x 10 0.01667 5 3.030 x 10 3 3.241 x 10 5 2.260 x 10 7.717 x 1.818 x 1.945 x 1.356 x 10 3 10 2 10 3 10

2

3785 0.1337 231 3 3.785 x 10 3.785 8 4 1.20095 0.83267 8.3304 2.228 x 10 0.06308 8.0208 42.44 33,000 550 1.014 10.70
3

Kms/Hr/Sec kms/hr/sec kms/hr/sec kilowatts kws kws kws kws

F-5

CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT kws Kilowatt-Hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs kw-hrs litres litres litres litres litres litres Litres/min Meters meters meters meters meters meters/min meters/min meters/min meters/min meters/min Meters/Sec meters/sec meters/sec meters/sec meters/sec meters/sec Micron microns Miles/Hr miles/hr miles/hr miles/hr miles/hr Millimetres mms Minute (Angle) Newton Ounces Ozs INTO watts BTUs ft-lbs hp-hours kg-calories kg-meters ccs cu ft cu ins cu meters gals quarts (liq) gals/sec cms ft ins kms mms cms/sec ft/min ft/sec kms/hr miles/hr ft/min ft/sec kms/hr kms/min miles/hr miles/min meters in cms/sec ft/min ft/sec kms/hr meters/min cms ins radians kgs lbs gram MULTIPLY BY 10
3

TO CONVERT Ozs (Fluid) Ozs (fluid) Pounds lbs lbs lbs Lbs of water lbs of water lbs of water Lbs of Water/Min Pounds/Cu Ft

INTO cu in litters Ozs tons (short) newton (N) gram cu ft cu in gals cu ft/sec lbs/cu in lbs/cu ft atms ft water in mercury kgs/sq cm degrees kgs lbs tons (short) kgs kps tons (long) tons (metric) BTUs/min ft-lbs/min ft-lbs/sec hp kg-calories/min kws BTUs ft-lbs hp-hrs kg-calories kg-meters kw-hrs

MULTIPLY BY 1.805 0.02957 16 0.005 4.44 453.5924 0.01605 27.73 0.1204 2.679 x 10 5.787 x 10 1728 0.06804 2.311 2.036 0.07031 57.29578 1016 2240 1.12000 2000 907.18486 0.89287 0.90718 0.05692 44.26 0.7376 3 1.341 x 10 0.01434 10 3.415 2655 3 1.341 x 10 0.8605 367.1 3 10
4

3415 6 2.655 x 10 1.341 860.5 5 3.671 x 10 10 0.03531 61.02 -2 10 0.2642 1.057 4.403 x 10 100 3.281 39.37 3 10 3 10 1.667 3.281 0.05468 0.06 0.03728 196.8 3.281 3.6 0.06 2.237 0.03728 10 6 39 x 10 44.70 88 1.467 1.609 26.82 0.1 0.0397 2.909 x 10 0.1020 0.0625 28.349527
4 6 3 3

Pounds/Cu In Pounds/Sq In lbs/sq in lbs/sq in lbs/sq in Radians tons (long) tons (long) tons (long) Tons (Short) tons (short) tons (short) tons (short) Watts watts watts watts watts watts Watts/Hours watts-hrs watts-hrs watts-hrs watts-hrs watts-hrs

F-6

CONVERSION FACTORS
Unit Work
(Basic unit J - Joules) 1J = 1 NM = 1 Ws

Factor

Conversion unit

Unit Weight (Basic unit kg) 3 -3 1 kg =10 g = 10 Mg g - gram kg - kilogram lb. - pound Mg megagram oz. - ounce t - ton t-ton (Long) ton (UK) (Short) ton (USA) 1 lb./ft. - pound per foot kg/m - kilogram per metre Length (Basic unit m) 3 -3 1m =10 mm =10 km ft. - foot in. - inch m - metre m - metre mm - millimetre yd. - yard Power
(Basic unit W) -3 1W=1J/s=1Nm/s=10 kW

Factor

Conversion unit

ft.-lb. - foot-pound in.-lb. - inch-pound J - Joules J - Joules Pressure

(Basic unit Pa) 1 Pa = 1 N/m 1
2

1,35582 0,112985 0,737561 8,850732

J - Joules J - Joules ft.-lb. - foot-pound in.-lb. - inch-pound

Kg 2 mxs

bar bar bar in.-Hg - inch Hg mb - Millibar Mpa - Mega-Pascal Pa - Pascal psi - pound per square inch Area
(Basic unit m ) 1 m = 10 cm
2 2 4 2

10 5 10 14.503768 33.863788 0.029528 10 -5 10 0.068948

-1

Mpa - Mega-Pascal Pa - Pascal psi - pound per square inch mb - Millibar in.-Hg - inch Hg bar bar bar

0,035274 2,204622 0,453592 1 28,349525 0,984206 1,102311 1,016047 0,907185 1,488 0,672

oz. - ounce lb. - pound kg - kilogram t - ton g - gram (Long) ton (UK) (Short) ton (USA) t - ton t - ton kg/m - kilogram per metre 1 lb./ft. - pound per foot

cm - square centimetre 2 m - square metre sq. in. - square inch sq. ft. - square foot Flow rate
(Basic unit m /s) 3 3 3 3 1 m /s = 10 dm /s = 10 l/s
3

0,1550 10,76391 6,4516 0,092903

sq. in. - square inch sq. ft. - square foot 2 cm - square centimetre 2 m - square metre

0,3048 25,4 3,28084 1,09362 0,03937 0,9144

m - metre mm - millimetre ft. - foot yd. - yard in. - inch m - metre

cu. ft./min. - cubic foot per minute dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per second (litre per second) gal. /min. (UK) - gallon per minute gal. /min. (USA) - gallon per minute l/min - litre per minute l/s - litre per second Velocity (Basic unit m/s)
1m/s = 3,6 km/h
3 3 3 3 3

28,3168

0,035315

0,016667

0,219969 0,264172 60

4,54609

3,78541

dm /min (l/min) -cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) cu. ft./min. - cubic foot per minute 3 dm /s (l/s) - cubic decimetre per second (litre per second) gal. /min. - gallon per minute (UK) gal. /min. - gallon per minute (USA) 3 dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) 3 dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute) 3 dm /min (l/min) - cubic decimetre per minute (litre per minute)

Btu/hr. - British thermal unit per hour ft.-lbf./sec.-foot-pound force per second hp - horsepower kW - kilowatt kW - kilowatt hp - horsepower W - watt W - watt

0,293071 1,35582 0,7457 1,341022 1,3596 0,7355 3,41242 0,737561

W - watt W - watt kW - kilowatt hp - horsepower PS- horsepower kW - kilowatt Btu/hr. - British thermal unit per hour ft.-lb./sec. - footpound force per second

Volume
(Basic unit m ) 1 m = 10 dm = 10 6 3 l = 10 cm
3 3 3 3 3

cm - cubic centimetre cu. ft. - cubic foot cu.in. - cubic inch cu. yd. - cubic yard 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l litre) 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l litre) 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l - litre) gal. - gallon (UK) gal. - gallon (USA) l - litre 3 m - cubic metre

0,061204 28,3168 16,3871 0,764555 0,035315 0,219969 0,264172 4,54609 3,78541 see dm 1,30795
3

see 3 dm /min 3 see dm /s

cu.in. - cubic inch 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l - litre) 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l - litre) 3 m - cubic metre cu. ft. - cubic foot gal. - gallon (UK) gal. - gallon (USA) 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l - litre) 3 dm - cubic decimetre ( l - litre) cu. yd. - cubic yard

ft./sec- - foot per second ft./sec. - foot per second km/h - kilometre per hour mil./h - mile per hour m/s - metre per second m/s - metre per second

1,09728 0,3048 0,911344 0,44704 3,28084 2,236936

km/h - kilometre per hour m/s - metre per second ft./sec. - foot per second m/s - metre per second ft./sec. - foot per second mil./h - mile per hour

F-7

FORMULAS AND CONVERSION FACTORS FOR FLUID POWER USE

METRIC (SI) - U.S. UNITS FOR FLUID POWER USE QUANTITY CUSTOMARY SI UNIT U.S. UNIT AREA FORCE FREQUENCY LENGTH MASS POWER SQUARE INCH (in2) POUND (lb F) CYCLES/SECOND (cps) INCH (in) POUND (lb m) ELECTRIC HORSEPOWER (HP) POUNDS/SQ IN (psi) (psi) (psi) (Bar) TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT (F) POUND - INCH (lb F- in) US GALLON (Gal) SQUARE METRE (m2) NEWTON (N) HERTZ (Hz) METRE (m) KILOGRAM (kg) WATT (W) NEWTON/SQ METRE 2 (N/m ) PASCAL (Pa) BAR (Bar) (N/m2) DEGREES CELSIUS (C) NEWTON METRES (N - m) CUBIC METRE (m3) LITRE (l) JOULE (J)

CONVERSION FROM U.S. to SI UNITS 2 -4 (in ) x 6.4516 x 10 2 = (m ) (lb F) x 4.4482 = (N) 1 (cps) = 1 (Hz) (in) x 2.540 x 10 -2 = (m) -2 (lb m) x 4.5359 x 10 = (kg) (HP) X 7.460 x 10 2 = (W) (psi) x 6.8948 x 10 3 = ( N/m2) (psi) x 6.8948 x 10 3 = ( Pa) (psi) x 6.8948 x 10 -2 = ( Bar) (Bar) x 100,000 = (N/m2) (F - 32)/1.8 = (C) (lb F- in) x1.1298 x 10
-1

CONVERSION FROM SI to U.S. UNITS 2 (m ) x 1550.003 = (in2) (N) x 2.2481 x 10 -1 = (lb F) 1 (Hz) = 1 (cps) (m) x 39.370 = (in) (kg) x 2.2046 = (lb m) -3 (W) x 1.3405 x 10 = (HP)
2 -4 ( N/m )=1.4504 x 10 = (psi)

PRESSURE

(Pa)=1.4504 x 10 = (psi) 1 (Bar)=1.4504 x 10 = (psi) 2 -5 (N/m )=1.00 x 10 = (Bar) (C x 1.8) +32 = (F) (N - m) x 8.8507 = (lb f- in) (m ) x 2.6417 x 10 = (Gal) (l) x 2.6417 x 10 -1 = (Gal) -1 (J) x 7.3756 x 10 (ft - lb F)
3 2

-4

TORQUE

VOLUME

WORK

FOOT - POUND (ft - lb F)

(N - m) -3 (Gal) x 3.7854 x 10 = (m3) (Gal) x 3.7854 = (l) (ft - lb F) x 1.3558 (J)

VELOCITY OF FLOW THROUGH PIPES: PIPES

HEAT GENERATION:

PRESSURE DROP THROUGH

V = GPM x 0.3208 A V = Velocity in feet per second A = Inside opening area in (in2)

BTU/hr = 1.5 x GPM x PSI PSI = Pressure loss which does not produce work

VxF . 18300 D P = pressure drop per foot V = viscosity in SUS D = inside diameter (in) F = flow in GPM

P=

ENTRAINED AIR: At room temperature standard hydraulic oil contains 8-9% air by volume.

HEAD PRESSURE: Oil creates a pressure due to its weight of 0.4 PSI per foot of depth.

F-8

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
All merchandise or products sold or distributed by Alfagomma S.p.A., are in the nature of commodities and they are sold by our published specifications and not for particular purposes, uses or applications. The purchasers or users of the merchandise or products shall first determine their suitability for the intended purposes, uses or applications and they shall either conduct their own engineering studies or tests, or retain qualified engineers, consultants or testing laboratories and consult with them before determining the proper use, suitability or propriety of the merchandise or products for the intended purposes, uses and applications. Alfagomma S.p.A. does not recommended the merchandise or products for any particular purpose, use or application, and the purchaser or users thereof shall assume full responsability for the suitability, propriety, use and application of the merchandise or products. The merchandise or products, including, but not limited to, hose, tubing or coupling may fail due to the use or conveyance of substances at elevated or lowered temperatures or at excessive pressures, the conveyance of abrasive, injurious, flammable, explosive or damaging substances. Hose or tubing used in bent configurations will be subjected to increased abrasion. Hose clamps or couplings may loosen after initial installation and all sections of hose and tubing, including connections, couplings and clamps, should be inspected frequently, regularly and consistently, and should be replaced, adjusted or retightened for the avoidance of leakage, for the prevention of injures or damages, and for general safety purposes. Except as indicates in its Limited Warranty. Alfagomma S.p.A shall not be liable or responsabile for direct or indirect injures or damages caused by or attributed to the failure or malfunction or any merchandise or products sold or distributed by it. Alfagomma S.p.A. recommends that the purchasers or users of the merchandise or products frequently and consistently undertake inspections and protective measures with respect to the use and application of the merchandise and products which should include the examination of tube and cover conditions of the hose or tubing and the identification, repair or replacement of sections showing cracking, blistering, separations, internal and external abrasions, leaking or slipped couplings or connections and make proper proof tests.

LIMITED WARRANTY
The merchandise or products sold or distributed by Alfagomma S.p.A. are warranted to our customers to be free from defects in material and workmanship at the time of shipment by us. All warranty claims shall be made within six (6) months after we have shipped the merchandise. Our liability hereunder is limited to the purchase price of any merchandise proving defective, or, at our option, to the replacement of such merchandise upon its authorized return to us. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF AND EXCLUDES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE CREATED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND THE WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NON EVENT SHALL WE BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL FOR SPECIAL INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS. SPECIFICATION SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ERRORS AND OMMISSION EXCLUDED.

G-1