Paper-I Part-A : Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.

Engineering Mechanics : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignons theorem, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system. First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia. Static Friction, Inclined Plane and bearings. Kinematics and Kinetics : Kinematics in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates, motion under uniForm and nonuniForm acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, D Alemberts Principle, Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion, Flywheel. Strength of Materials : Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniForm strength, Leaf spring. Strain Energy in direct stress, bending & shear. Deflection of beams : Mecaulays method, Mohrs Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method.Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power, close coiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns, Eulers Rankines and Secant formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohrs Circle, Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin and Thick cylinder : Stresses due to internal and external pressure Lames equations. Structural Analysis : Castiglianios theorems I and II, unit load method, method of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment

distribution, Kanis method of analysis and column Analogy method applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects, influence lines in arches. Matrix methods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method. Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses. PartB : Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures. Structural Steel Design : Structural Steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Rivetted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section, rivetted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings, slab and gussetted column bases. Design of highway and railway bridges : Through and deck type plate girder, Warren girder, Pratt truss. Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of design Recommendations of I.S. codes design of one way and two way slabs, stair-

case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, Isolated and combined footings. Cantilever and Counterfort type retaining walls. Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Prestressed concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes Design of masonry retaining walls. Part-C : Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines Fluid Mechanics : Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting onplane and curve surfaces. Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet, sources and sinks, flow separation, free and forced vortices. Control volume equation, continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum equations from control volume equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Eulers equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, plane, curved, stationary and moving vanes, sluice gates, weirs, orifice meters and Venturi meters. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude : Buckinghams Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and distorted models. \ Laminar Flow :Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube. Boundary layer : Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift. Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total

energy line, siphons, expansion and contractions in pipes, pipe networks, water hammer in pipes and surge tanks. Open channel flow :UniForm and non-uniForm flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance equations and variation of roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow, flow in contractions, flow at sudden drop, hydraulic jump and its applications surges and waves, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation, moving surges and hydraulic bore. Hydraulic Machinesand Hydropower : Centrifugal pumpsTypes, characteristics,Net Positive Suction Height (NPSH), specific speed. Pumps in parallel. Reciprocating pumps, Airvessels, Hydraulic ram, efficiency parameters, Rotary and positive displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps. Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower development. Type, layouts and Component works. Surge tanks, types and choice. Flow duration curves and dependable flow. Storage an pondage. Pumped storage plants. Special features of mini, micro-hydel plants. Part-D : Geo Technical Engineering Types of soil, phase relationships, consistency limits particles size distribution, classifications of soil, structure and clay mineralogy. Capillary water and structural water, effective stress and pore water pressure, Darcys Law, factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits. Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghis theory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test. Compaction of soil, field control of compaction. Total stress and effective stress parameters, pore pressure coefficients. Shear strength of soils, Mohr Coul omb failure theory, Shear tests. Earth pressure at rest, acive and passive pressures, Rankines theory, Coulombs wedge theory, earth pressure on retaining wall, sheetpile walls, Braced excavation. Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other impo rtant theories, net and gross bearing pressure. Immediate and consolidation settlement. Stability of slope, Total Stress and Effective Stress methods, Conventional methods of slices, stability number. Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, penetration tests, pressure meter tests. Essential features of foundation, types of foundation, design criteria, choice of type of foundation, stress distribution in soils, Boussinessqs theory, Newmarkss chart, pressure bulb,

contact pressure, applicabiity of different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of bearing capacity from field tests, allowable bearing capacity, Settlement analysis, allowable settlement. Proportioning of footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, buoyancy rafts, Pile foundation, types of piles, pile capacity, static and dynamic analysis, design of pile groups, pile load test, settlement of piles, lateral capacity. Foundation for Bridges. Ground improvement techniques preloading, sand drains, stone column, grouting, soil stabilisation.

Paper-II Part-A : Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management 1. Construction Technology : Engineering Materials : Physical properties of construction materials : Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement and Surkhi Mortars; Lime Concrete and Cement Concrete, Properties of freshly mixed and hardened concrete, Flooring Tiles, use of ferro-cement, fibrereinforced and polymer concrete, high strength concrete and light weight concrete. Timber : Properties and uses; defects in timber; seasoning and preservation of timber. Plastics, rubber and damp-proofing materials, termite proofing, Materials, for Low cost housing. Construction : Building components and their functions; Brick masonry : Bonds, jointing. Stone masonry. Design of Brick masonry walls as per I.S. codes, factors of safety,serviceability and strength requirements; plastering, pointing. Types of Floors & Roofs. Ventilators, Repairs in buildings. Functional planning of building : Building orientation, circulation, grouping of areas, privacy concept and design of energy efficient building; provisions of National Building Code. Building estimates and specifications; Cost of works; valuation. 2.Construction Equipment :Standard and special types of equipment, Preventive maintenance and repair, factors affecting the selection of equipment, economical life, time and motion study, capital and maintenance cost.

Concreting equipments :Weigh batcher, mixer, vibration, batching plant, Concrete pump. Earth-work equipment : Power shovel hoe, bulldozer, dumper, trailors, and tractors, rollers, sheep foot roller. Construction Planning and Management : Construction activity, schedules, job layout, bar charts, organization of contracting firms, project control and supervision. Cost reduction measures. Newwork analysis :CPM and PERT analysis, Float Times, cashing of activities, contraction of network for cost optimization, up dating, Cost analysis and resource allocation. Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annual cost, benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choosing between alternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability. Part-B : Survey and Transportation Engineering Survey : Common methods of distance and angle measurements, plane table survey, levelling traverse survey, triangulation survey, corrections, and adjustments, contouring, topographical map. Surveying instruments for above purposes. Tacheometry. Circular and transition curves. Principles of photogrammetry. Railways : Permanent way, sleepers, rail fastenings, ballast, points and crossings, design of turn outs, stations and yards, turntables, signals, and interlocking, levelcrossing. Construction and maintenance of permanent ways : Superelevation, creep of rail, ruling gradient, track resistance, tractive effort, relaying of track. Highway Engineering :Principles of highway planning, Highway alignments. Geometrical design : Cross section, camber, superelevation, horizontal and vertical curves. Classification of roads : low cost roads, flexible pavements, rigid pavements. Design of pavements and their construction, evaluation of pavement failure and strengthening. Drainage of roads : Surface and sub-surface drainage. Traffic Engineering : Forecasting techniques, origin and destination survey, highway capacity. Channelised and unchannelised intersections, rotary design

elements, markings, sign, signals, street lighting; Traffic surveys. Principle of highway financing. Part-c : Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering : Hydrology : Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, depression storage, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood estimation, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routingMuskingam method. Ground water flow : Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions, tube wells, pumping and recuperation tests, ground water potential. Water Resources Engineering :Ground and surface water resource, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation, economics of water resources projects. Irrigation Engineering : Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, quality of water for irrigation, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. Canals : Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load, local and suspended load transport, cost analysis of lined and unlined canals, drainage behind lining. Water logging : causes and control, drainage system design, salinity. Canal structures : Design of cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets. Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs of permeable and impermeable foundation, Khoslas theory, energy dissipation, stilling basin, sediment excluders. Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity and earth dams, stability analysis, foundation treatment, joints and galleries, control of seepage.

Spillways : Spillway types, crest gates, energy dissipation. River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

Part-D : EnvironmentaEngineering Water Supply : Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting demand for water, impurities, of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water. Intake of water :pumping and gravity schemes. Water treatment : principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-; rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity. Water storage and distribution : storage and balancing reservoirs : types, location and capacity. Distribution system : layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valves including check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations. Sewage systems : Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewageseparate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances, manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon. Plumbing in public buildings. Sewage characterisation : BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land. Sewage treatment :Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water. Solid waste : collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term illeffects. Environmental pollution :

Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts

Strength of Materials

Gere and Temoshenko B C Punamia Negi S Ramamurtham C K Vang Punamia & Jain H J Shah Duggal Ranjan & Rao Venkat Ramaiha S K Garg Modi & Seth R K Bansal Subramanyam Subramanyam S K Garg Khanna & Jasto Kadiyali

Structural Analysis

Concrete Structures Steel Structures

Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engg.

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Hydrology Irrigation Highway Engg.

The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) has issued a warning about the dangers posed by nitrous oxide, the so-called "laughing gas". In a report presented at global climate talks, Unep says the chemical is now the biggest threat to the ozone layer. It says that thanks to farming and human activities, levels of the gas could double by 2050. If this happens, it could reverse gains made to slow the thinning of the ozone layer and exacerbate global warming.

Nitrous oxide is one of several greenhouse agents which are dubbed "Cinderella' gases, because their contribution passes unnoticed. N2O exists naturally in the atmosphere but agriculture is by far the biggest human source, producing two-thirds of emissions. It is also used in dentistry and surgery as an anaesthetic and a painkiller. It is sometimes used as a recreational drug, called "nozz", and its abuse has been linked to permanent neurological damage and deaths. Now, researchers say that it has emerged as the single biggest threat to the ozone layer since chlorofluorocarbons and other damaging gases were restricted by the Montreal Protocol signed in 1987. The famous "hole" over Antarctica has started to recover as a result of the phasing out of the hair sprays and refrigerants that contained these substances. But according to this new report, if no action is taken, levels of nitrous oxide could increase by 83% from 2005 to 2050. "The continued build-up of N2O in the atmosphere will continue to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer and in so doing will to a degree undermine the achievements of the Montreal Protocol," says the document. Unep's executive director, Achim Steiner, warned that as well as posing a threat to the ozone layer, nitrous oxide has a powerful global warming effect. "It's one of those elements in our modern life that we have not fully understood in terms of its negative impacts. "If we can bring it to the attention of farmers, government and industry, the importance of managing nitrous oxide more efficiently, and the climate benefits - it is a no-regret option," he said. The research underlines the fact that nitrous oxide is the world's third most powerful gas when it comes to global warming potential. Dr Joseph Alcamo is Unep's chief scientist. He told a news conference here in Warsaw that the gas could not be ignored any longer. "Nitrous oxide makes up only 6% of the greenhouse gases but in terms of CO2, it is the equivalent to emitting three [billion tonnes] a year. "This is about 50% of the total amount of emissions from every vehicle in the world."

However, the researchers were optimistic that both the warming potential and the danger to the ozone layer could be swiftly curtailed if action was taken, particularly in agriculture. "In the agricultural sector, it comes down to using nitrogen fertiliser more efficiently, a very simple idea, to improve the uptake by crops and livestock," said Dr Alcamo. "It has a lot to do with using the right fertiliser, in the right place."

Since its inception in 1974, the Bhubaneswar Kendra of Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan has made important contributions in the field of education and culture. I am happy to know that it has been granting regular scholarships and stipends to poor students as well as imparting free computer education through the Gandhi Institute of Computer Training. I am also delighted that the Bhavan's Institute of Communication and Management is considered one of the premier institutions in eastern India. It is laudable that this institute has emphasised not just academics but also personality development of students. The founding of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan was one of the most important steps in a series of selfless efforts put in by Dr K M Munshi in emancipating the citizenry of this nation. The founding of the Bhavan echoed his deeply entrenched belief in the instrument of education, which he was convinced, could offer wings for the growth and development of India. Dr Munshi once observed and I quote - "India will once again be acknowledged as the vishwa guru - a superpower that embodies the ideals of vasudhaiva kudumbakam - the global family". Our economy is currently facing a number of challenges. We must however remain confident that we will be able to overcome these hurdles. There may be areas of concern but there is absolutely no reason for despair or despondency. The fundamentals of the Indian economy continue to be strong. Between 1900 and 1947, India's economic growth was an annual average of one per cent. From such depths we climbed, first, to three per cent growth, and then took a quantum leap forward. The last decade has seen India emerge as one of the fastest growing nations in the world. During this period, our economy grew annually at an average rate of 7.9 per cent. We are today self-sufficient in food grain production. In the Union Budget for 2010-11, a strategy for increased agricultural production, under which "Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India" (BGREI) programme, was formulated for implementation. Farmers in the selected clusters adopted good agricultural practices and benefitted from the yield advantage of hybrid rice technology. Of the total rice production of 104 mt in the country in 2011-12, a record production of 55 mt of rice was contributed by the Eastern region. India is today the largest exporter of rice and second largest exporter of wheat in the world. The record production of

18.45 mt of pulses this year augurs well for our march towards self-sufficiency in pulses. This momentum has to be sustained. The recent depreciation of the rupee, which is more than 18 per cent during the last one year; high food inflation; and a drop in manufacturing activity, are matters of concern. Global factors have affected the currencies of many emerging economies including India. Stabilising the rupee is engaging the attention of our policymakers. A number of steps have been taken to strengthen our external sector. A good monsoon this year should have a favourable impact on agricultural growth and food prices. Though growth has slowed down in recent times, the fundamentals of our economy remain strong. Steps are being taken to contain the fiscal deficit and boost industrial investments. As managers you will in future be key catalysts in India's growth story. Effective management and determined minds are critical in ensuring the rapid development of our nation. Knowledge of the theory and application of business management imparted to you by the institute, tempered with real life experiences, will soon create successful managers out of you. However, in the quest for climbing the ladders of competition; the basic principles of business ethics, constructive motivation, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance should not be forgotten. As students of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, you should always keep in mind India's core civilisational values. Your primary goal should be to transform society and not profits. Sometimes there will be setbacks in life. Your own colleagues and friends may let you down. But it is in such situations that the training provided to you by institutions such as the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan will stand you in good stead. You must face adverse situations with fortitude and be confident that in the end truth alone triumphs. As our national motto states "Satyameva Jayate". Education is a necessary tool for national progress, human empowerment and social change. You must understand that considerable resource, effort and sacrifice have gone into your education. The society has invested in you and the society can legitimately demand a dividend from you. The destiny of our nation will be shaped by the will power, initiative and ingenuity of the youth. Swami Vivekananda once observed and I quote "All knowledge, that the world has ever received comes from the mind; the infinite library of the Universe, is in our own mind." Quest for knowledge and sharing of wisdom with others will help eliminate darkness in society and take both the mind and soul forward towards enlightenment. In the Bhagavad Gita, sharing of knowledge has been termed as: "Sarva Shrestha Punya", the holiest of all blessings. The dedication of the Ramkrishnan Knowledge Centre, named after Dr Munshi's trusted lieutenant Shri Ramkrishnan to the public today is a major contribution by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in this regard. As you pass out of the portals of your esteemed institution, I urge you to achieve the following five milestones in order to play a meaningful role in society.

 Be a good human being and a good citizen Be positive all the time in thought, action and deed. When obstacles come, stay calm and overcome them with perseverance and determination. Always dream because dreamers are creators Try to be always innovative and understand the infinite power of innovation and creativity which lies dormant inside you. Remember that innovation is the key to progress and prosperity for our natio