A Presentation By Group IV Of EE Stream(2nd Group):Soham Gupta Sourav Paul Sourav Sinha Subhajit Banik Soumyadip Gan Sujal kr.

Mitra

TRANSFORMER IS A STATIC ELECTRICAL DEVICE THAT:

Transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another. Does so without change of frequency Does so by the principle of Electromagnetic Induction. Has two electrical circuit coupled by a common magnetic circuit.

Cooling medium:
methods adopted ONAN ONAF OFAF ONWF OFWF

Single Phase 3-limbed Core:

Winding placed around central limb i.e., main limb, Main flux generated in central limb gets divided into to equal paths provided by yoke and auxiliary limbs. This core design is generally preferred for all Trfs as this is more economical .

Single Phase 2-limbed Core:

Windings are split two parts and placed on separate limbs, They are bulkier and leakage flux are high due to distributed nature of winding.

3-phase 3-limbed Core:

Used for small and medium rating Trfs. Each phase of the windings are placed around the limbs for magnetic flux appearing in the limb ,yoke &remaining two parts provide return path.

3-Phase 5-limbed core:

Used for large ratings 3-Phase Trfs

To minimize wastage of flux, the best shape for core cross section is circle. It is uneconomical. Oil ducts are provided for cooling of core.

Steel clamp on either side to provide mechanical strength. Material used is low reluctance magnetic steel containing silicon called CRGO i.e. cold rolled grain oriented steel.

Transformer windings are normally cylindrical wound and arranged concentrically. Some of the common type of windings for transformer are: Cross Over winding Spiral Winding Helical Winding Continuous Disc Winding Interleaved Disc Winding To reduce eddy current losses winding Transposition is provided.

Bushings:

A Bushing has to provide -Electrical insulation to the conductor for the working voltage and for various over voltages, which occur in service. -Mechanical support against various Mechanical forces.

It performs following functions: Permits provision of Buchholz Relay. Allows expansion & contraction of oil during operation. Ensures core & Winding is totally submerged in oil and hence deterioration of oil properties.

Presence of gas inside is a sign of problem. -Decomposition of solid and liquid insulation inside Transformer due to over heating or arcing. -From exterior through circulation of pumps. Severity of fault decides the amount or rate of generation of faults. Two floats are provided for alarm and Trip function.

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A PRV is essentially a spring loaded valve. When Pressure in the tank rises above the safe limit, the operating disk moves slightly upwards from the top gasket. This exposes the Trf pressure to a greater area corresponding to the diameter of side gasket, resulting in sudden increase in force. The disk lifts instantaneously and vents gases,vapour & liquid till the pressure falls to allowable value. A bright color pin/flag is visible from great distance indicates ,PRV limit unit has functioned. An Alarm switch contact is also provided.

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It is used for filtering oil from moisture. It is connected with conservator tank by means of breathing pipe. It may dry down air to below-40 deg C. It turns into pink color after absorbing moisture.

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Main Function:

Oil & Temperature indication. To actuate an Alarm & Trip ckt at a predetermined temperature. To switch on Fan and/or Pump at preset temperature.

Typical Settings of OTI & WTI: -Oil Temperature Settings Alarm: 60-70deg C Trip: 80-90deg C -Winding Temperature Settings Alarm: 80-90deg C Trip: 100-110deg C

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Power Transformers are very efficient typically 95.5% or greater i.e. real power losses are usually less than 0.5% of the KVA rating at full load .The efficiency is derived from the rated and the losses incurred in the transformer. They are being loosely grouped into three market segments based on size ranges. These three segments are: -Small Power Transformer:500 to 750 KVA -Medium Power Transformer:750 to 1000 KVA -Large Power Transformer:1000 KVA and above.

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Reference: APDP File of PSTS ,BHEL

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