!o/ . 9 No . Dec .

2002
Articl ID 1005-978 20020-0255-
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
05
J . CENT. SOUTH UNIV. TECHNOL
" """""""""""""""""""""""
.
Charactristics of rockburst and its mining tchnology in mins
VI Ai-xin,
1
SI^ Yo-zhi
2

Cour Son
3
SHE^ Hui-min,
1
YA^C Bo-hu
1

1. Sc/oo/ o/ Resoucces ond So/e/y Lngineecing Cen/co/ Sou// |nicecsi/y C/ongs/o 410083 C/ino
2. Deoc/men/ o/ Ceo/ec/nico/ Lngineecing Tongi |nicecsi/y S/ong/oi 200092 C/ino
3. !o//ongong |nicecsi/y !o//ongong 1us/co/io
Abstract In ordor io ro-olvo how io mino undor iho condiiion ol hi,h -iro-- wiih rockhur-i ihi- ppor n-
lyzo- iho lw ol rockhur-i nd con-idor- ihi mo-i ol iho rockhur-i- occur in iho hi,h -iro-- ro ol -iopo. A
moihod ol rockhur-i loroc-i nd ii- -iop- ro ,ivon nd ihroo dilloroni -i,o- ol rockhur-i ro idoniiliod. Iur-
ihormoro ihi- ppor con-idor- ihi hl-iin, onor,y cn ollociivoly conirol rockhur-i hy chn,in, iho chrcior-
i-iic- ol rock m-- which docro-o- iho prohhiliiy ol rockhur-i hpponin,. Accordin, io chrciori-iic- ol
rockhur-i iwo lo-ihlo minin, iochniquo- undor rockhur-i condiiion- ro pui lorwrd ihi i- -iopin,-nd-lill-
in, moihod nd -uhlovol cvin, moihod ol minin, wiihoui ny -ill- in hn,in, wll .
Ky words rockhur-i rockhur-i loroc-i rockhur-i conirol minin, moihod
Documnt cod A
1 NTRODUCTON
Bockhur-i i- iho phonomonon ihi iho dolor-
miion onor,y in iho rock m-- round iho iunnol-
or iho ,ol- rolo-o- hrupily. Bockhur-i i- roliod
io iho minin, undor iho condiiion ol hi,h -iro--.
1hi- i- likoly io hppon only whon iho phy-icl
proporiy comhino- wiih rock pro--uro
1
.
1ho lw hy which iho principl -iro-- chn,o-
wiih iho irn-lormiion ol iho minin, dopih h cn
ho oxpro--od -
!x
= 0. 070h
!y
= 0. 042h
!:
= 0. 027h
whoro
!x
i- iho xil -iro-- compononi HP
!y
i- iho rdil -iro-- compononi HP
!:
i- iho
in,oniil -iro-- compononi HP.
1ho -irin onor,y ,rdully conconirio- in
iho proco-- ol minin, which will noi -iop uniil ii
i- hrupily rolo-od duo io iho ciion ol coriin
liluro mochni-m. In iho porloci ol-iic -olid- iho
-irin onor,y convor,o- ccordin, io iho lollowin,
S = 1 2L
!
2
x
+
!
2
y
+
!
2
:

2
"

!x !y
+
!y !:
+
!: !x

whoro S i- iho -irin onor,y H| L i- Youn,'-

modulu- HP
"
i- Po--ion' - riio
!x

!y

!:
ro iho min -iro--o- HP.
Ii cn ho ohiinod lrom iho ro-orch ihi
-inco iho -iro-- i- dirocily proporiionl io iho
-irin iho -irin onor,y cn rocovor immodiioly
whon di-chr,in, hui in ny pl-iic dolormiion
coriin mouni ol dolormiion onor,y will ho con-
-umod. So pl-iiciiy i- iho koy lcior which pro-
voni- rockhur-i lrom hpponin,
23
.
2 LAW AND FORECAST OF ROCKBURST
Ho-i ol iho rockhur-i iko- plco in iho -ur-
roundin, ro llociod hy -iopin,. Al-o rockhur-i
olion hppon- in iho cp pillr- who-o ihickno-- i-
,rdully roducod nd in iho mino pillr- nd iho
-iopo pillr- which ro nor iho ri-in, -hli nd in
iho muck -l-h in iho -iopo. Commonly rockhur-i
hppon- in iho hrd nd hriiilo unlrc-
iurod -iri . In iho cour-o ol iho dovolopmoni
Foundation itm 1ho ^iionl ^iuro Scionco Ioundiion ol Chin ^o. 50074034 1ho 1ochin, nd Bo-orch Awrd Pro,rm lor
Uui-indin, Youn, Prolo--or- in Hi,hor Educiion In-iiiuio.
Biography of th first author VI Ai-xin, Ph. I prolo--or horn in 1963 mjorin, in ,rnulr dynmic- minin, on,inoorin,
nd -loiy on,inoorin,.
Rcivd dat Ioh. 28 2002

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work an iho work ihrou,h lauli- ii i- vory likoly
ihai rockhur-i will happon. Vhon oro- aro oxca-
vaio alon, iho irociion parallol io -iriko ol iho
-iraia rockhur-i will happon on iho iop an -io
ol iho iunnol- hohin iho workin, laco moroovor
mo-ily on iho cap plaio. Vhon oro- aro oxcavaio
alon, iho irociion porponicular io -iriko ol iho
-iraia rockhur-i will happon on iho iop ol iho
workin, laco an roaway -io
45
.
Vhon iho voriical -iro-- i- vory lar,o an iho
horizonial -iro-- i- vory -mall rockhur-i will hap-
pon on iho arch -io ol iunnol-. Vhon iho hori-
zonial -iro-- i- vory lar,o an iho voriical -iro-- i-
vory -mall rockhur-i will happon on iho arch iop
ol iunnol-. Iurin, iho cour-o ol oxcavaiion iho
-iro-- on iho roahoa i- vory lar,o -o rockhur-i
po--ihly happon- on iho oniiro on laco. Bock-
hur-i al-o olion happon- wiihin 30 min alior hla-i-
in, or in oihor -iiuaiion- in which ihoro aro -omo
oihor- oxiornal lorco- -uch a- rillin, rool rip-
pin, muckin, oic. Accorin, io iho ,oolo,ical
an iochnical coniiion- iho lollowin, aroa- can
ho olinoaio a- rockhur-i prono aroa-
6-8

1 lauli- lol- characiori-iic chan,o- ol

iho -iraia aroa-
2 aroa- aroun iho ,oal
3 minin, o,o- in ovorlyin, workin,- ol an
conii,uou- -oam an inlluonco ro,ion- ol ahan-
ono pillar-
4 aroa- in lroni ol -iopo oxcavaiion-.
Bockhur-i loroca-i i- porlormo hy iho pro-
poriional rolaiion hoiwoon iho rooi moan -quaro ol
-oi-mic onor,y roloa-o hy rockhur-i an rock
ma-- -irain ol pro-oarihquako. So iho -iro-- accu-
mulaiion in rock ma-- ol pro-rockhur-i can ho
moa-uro hy -quaro rooi ol -oi-mic onor,y.
Bockhur-i loroca-i i- compo-o ol iwo
-ia,o-. 1ho lir-i -ia,o i- io oh-orvo whon an
whoro iho rockhur-i happon-. 1ho -ocon -ia,o i-
io quaniiiaiivoly analyzo iho numhor an iho -calo
ol rockhur-i occurro in iho pa-i . Accorin, io iho
ihoory ol oarihquako mi,raiion whon an whoro
iho noxi rockhur-i will occur can ihon ho
loroca-io.
In oror io loroca-i iho numhor ol iimo- an
-calo ol rockhur-i roliahly -omo quaniiiaiivo pa-
ramoior- ol rockhur-i aroa -houl iniiially ho moa-
-uro -uch a-
!max
iho occurronco ol iho numhor
ol iimo- ol o-iruciivo rockhur-i oic. Conorally
rockhur-i ha- ihroo illoroni -ia,o- i . o. iho inac-
iivo -ia,o iho aciivo -ia,o an iho o-iruciivo
-ia,o. In iho inaciivo -ia,o ihoro aro low ovoni- ol
roloa-in, iho accumulaio -iro-- in lar,o quaniiiy
lurihormoro ihoro a quick rocovory alior iho rock-
hur-i . In iho o-iruciivo -ia,o iho local collap-o ol
rock wall olion happon-. Horoovor in ihi- -ia,o
many moium--izo an minor rockhur-i- aro olion
iri,,oro hy ono lar,o--calo rockhur-i . Ior a lon,
porio iimo iho wholo allocio aroa i- vory aciivo.
1ho aciivo -ia,o i- iho -iaio hoiwoon iho inaciivo
-ia,o an iho o-iruciivo -ia,o.
3 CONTRO OF ROCKBURST
In iho roconi yoar- in oror io on-uro iho
-aloiy ol minin, oporaiion ihoro ha- hoon a pro-
,ro--ion ol hroakin,-ihrou,h in ro-oarchin, how io
proliiahly uiilizo iho oxplo-ion onor,y i--
char,o
6-8
. Accorin, io iho oxporimonial ro-uli-
iho inlluonco ol hla-iin, on iho lraciuro rock ma--
i- mainly manilo-io hy ihroo a-poci- which aro
-hown in Ii,. 1.
1po-i-hla-iin, ro-iual -iro-- loain, aroa 2raial
lraciuro unloain, aroa 3-oi-mic i-char,o aroa ol rock ma--
4iunnol 5aciivo aroa ol rock pro--uro inuco hy o-iruciivo
-oi-mic aciion
Fig. 1 Inlluonco ol hla-iin, on -iro-- ol rock ma--
Sinco iho phy-ical proporiy ola-iiciiy ol
-urrounin, rock ma-- i- chan,o uo io rock-
hur-i iho raiu- ol iho raial lraciuro aroa o-
croa-o-. Bocau-o ol iho oxplo-ivo aciion ol iho
-oi-mic onor,y rock ma-- movo- in iho irociion
ol iho oxpo-o -urlaco which on-uro- iho i--
char,o ol rock ma-- hoiwoon iho oxplo-ivo char,o
an iho oxpo-o -urlaco in iho ran,o ol 100 d d
i- iho iamoior ol iho oxplo-ivo char,o m. Sinco
6 5 2 Journa CSUT !o/ . 9 o . 4 2002

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iho onor, lrom iho oxplo-ivo char,o movo- doop
inio rock ma-- iho addiiional ro-idual -iro-- cau--
o- iho loadin, ol rock ma-- in iho ran,o ol 10 !-
50 ! oui-ido iho radial lraciuro aroa i . o. iho
-iro-- wiihin iho rock ma-- incroa-o-.
Vhon a -oi ol hla-i holo- parallol io iho ox-
po-od -urlaco i- lirod hocau-o ol iho aciion ol iho
pro--uro ol iho oxplo-ivo iho lraciurod rock ma--
movo- lrom iho hla-i holo in all dirociion-. So iho
cloava,o- in iho lraciurod aroa aro inducod io
hroak and io dolorm hocau-o ol iho lriciion and io
movo alon, iho od,o ol iho lraciuro zono. Iurihor-
moro iho ola-iic dolormaiion ol iho cloava,o- in iho
unloadin, aroa and iho ro-idual -iro-- aroa iako-
placo. 1ho rock ma-- in iho rockhur-i aroa ihon
paril movo- in iho dirociion ol iho ,oal moan-
whilo iho cru-hod cloava,o rock- aro ojociod.
Alior iho pro--uro in iho holo- docroa-o- iho
rock ma-- movo- in iho dirociion ol ,oal hocau-o ol
iho counioraciion ol iho cloava,o- producod h o-
la-iic dolormaiion and iho rock pro--uro in rock-
hur-i aroa and in di-char,o aroa. In ihi- -iiuaiion
iho ola-iic onor, accumulaiod in iho lraciuro aroa
and iho di-char,o aroa i- moro ihan iho onor,
di--ipaiod in iho lriciion amon, cloava,o- cau-in,
iho rock ma-- io movo -oo Ii,. 2. 1ho -iro-- in
iho aroa- docroa-o- duo io iho lraciuro lormaiion.
1,oal 2rockhur-i aroa 3lraciuro aroa 4lraciuro
di-char,o aroa 5ro-idual -iro-- aroa
!"#$ % Explo-ivo dolormaiion aroa ol lraciurod
rock ma--
1ho lriciional lorco amon, naiural lraciuro- i-
producod hocau-o ol iho aciion ol rock pro--uro.
Con-oquonil ii provoni- iho cloava,o- wiih ola-iic
dolormaiion cau-od h iho ro-idual -iro-- lrom iho
ro-ioraiion io iho iniiial -iro-- and -irain -iaio ho-
loro iho oxplo-ion. In iho ola-iic aciion aroa ol iho
rock ma-- iho lriciional lorco provoni- iho rock
ma-- lrom ro-ioraiion io iho iniiial -iaio. Bocau-o
ol iho aciion ol oxplo-ion pro--uro iho -ido pro--
-uro ol iho cloava,o- porpondicular io iho dirociion
ol pro--uro loadin, cau-o- a lriciional lorco. So
iho ph-ical proporiio- ol iho rock ma-- chan,o
oui-ido iho crackod aroa ol cloava,o-. Bocau-o iho
lraciuro in iho di-char,o aroa i- chan,od iho
widih ol iho naiural lraciuro in iho ro-idual -iro--
aroa docroa-o-. In iho cour-o ol oxcavaiion iho
-iro-- in iho in-iani ro-idual -iro-- aroa will in-
croa-o whon iho -uh-oquoni oxplo-ivo oporaiion i-
carriod oui . Uwin, io iho aciion ol do-iruciivo
-oi-mic aciion iho lriciional lorco in iho ro-idual
-iro-- aroa incroa-o- and iho rock ma-- i- likol io
unload ihi- lorco. A- a ro-uli iho maximal -iro--
movo- in iho dirociion ol iho doop pari ol rock
ma-- cau-in, lurihor docroa-o ol -iro-- in ihi-
aroa.
Alior iho pro--uro di-char,o h iho hla-iin,
moihod iho lroquonc ol pul-aiion in iho rock
-iraia docroa-o- ohviou-l. Un an avora,o iho lro-
quonc ol iho pul-aiion ol 5 oxplo-ion- in 20 min
docroa-o- lrom 15 io 5. Un iho workin, -urlaco
iho llakin,-oll phonomonon ol rockhur-i no lon,or
appoar-. Ii,. 3 -how- ihai iho u-o ol docouplod
hla-iin, moihod i- moro ollociivo lor hard rock- io
roduco iho accumulaiion ol -iro-- in iho iunnol-.
1unchar,od holo 2-paco-char,od holo 3docouplod
char,o- ol iho lir-i -hoi 4docouplod char,o- ol iho -ocond -hoi
IIIIIIdi-irihuiion characiori-iic- ol iho ahuimoni pro--uro ro-
-pociivol "iho ahuimoni pro--uro #di-ianco io iho conior ol
iho iunnol $po-iiion ol iho lir-i -hoi %widih ol iho iunnol
&po-iiion ol iho -ocond -hoi widih ol iho proiociivo zono
!"#$ & Iocouplod hla-iin, moihod ol roducin, iho
accumulaiion ol iho -iro-- in iho iunnol-
Boloro iho lraciuro zono h unchar,od holo i-
7 5 2 () $*+,*-. /0 -1 &2-3-40/3*50*45 67 36489:350 -! *05 ;**. 0/42616.< * ;*/5

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lormod ho dirocion ol acion ol ho maximum
compro--ivo -ro-- in rock ma-- -hould ho door-
minod. 1hon a row ol pro--uro roliol holo- and
-paco-char,od holo- aro drillod porpondicular o
ho acion dirocion ol ho maximum compro--ivo
-ro--. 1ho hla-in, char,o i- laid in ho conor ol
ho maximum ahumon pro--uro zono and ho ini-
ial rial ma-- ol ho char,o i- ,ivon o ho 0. 5-0. 6
k, alor hla-in, ho di-rihuion characori-ic- ol
ho ahumon pro--uro -hould ho rodoorminod.
And alor ho lir- -paco-char,od wih unchar,od
holo hla-- ho maximum ahumon pro--uro will
,radually movo clo-o o ho poriphory ol ho un-
nol- or movo ou-ido ho proocivo zono. 1ho -izo
ol ho proocivo zono can ho doorminod hy ho
oxpro--ion ! = 0. 75" hu moro han 2 m. 1ho
-ocond hla-in, char,o i- laid in ho conor ol ho
maximum ahumon pro--uro zono cau-od hy ho
oxplo-ion ol ho lir- pro--uro roliol hla-in,
char,o. 1ho ma-- ol hi- hla-in, char,o -hould ho
20%-40% moro han ha ol ho lir- ono. 1hon
ho ahovo pro--uro roducion moa-uro i- ropoaod
-o a- o chan,o ho unnol ino a rockhur- lroo
condiion.
4 MNNG TCHNQU N ROCKBURST
MNS
4. 1 Stoping-and-filling method
1ho radiional -opin,-and-lillin, mohod i-
no adapod o ho mino- whoro rockhur- olon
happon-. Howovor ho ,oal mu- u-o comonod
lill . 1ho coninuou- mohod ol vir,in rock oxcava-
ion undor ho proocion ol -uppor- alon, ho lloor
or rool ol rock ma-- i- an idoal minin, mohod
-oo Ii,. 4.
1unnol- 2zono wih arilicial pillar- 34unnol- in
dilloron lovol- lor drillin, and vonilaion 5lillod -opo
Fig. 4 Coninuou- mohod ol minin, in proocivo
zono
1ho main purpo-o ol vir,in rock minin, alon,
ho lloor or rool i- o ran-lor ho maximum ahu-
mon pro--uro zono in ho dirocion ol ho undi--
urhod rock ma-- and o uilizo ola-ic rocovory
dolormaion o roliovo ho od,o ol rock ma--. 1ho
o--onial ol ho proocivo -uppor i- o mako ho o-
la-ic rocovory dolormaion oxond alon, ho hod-
din, -urlaco ol rock -raa and o docroa-o ho do-
lormaion on ho hoddin, -urlaco ha i- ho
-hapo ol ho rock ma-- who-o uppor -ocion or ho-
om -ocion i- -opod in advanco can ho rocovorod
and hi- cau-o- ho rock ma-- o ho roliovod lrom
ho condiion ol ho dan,orou- -ro--.
1ho inoqualiy ol rock' - capaciy ol onor,y
roloa-in, and ah-orhin, in mino- i- ho hooroical
ha-i- ol o-ahli-hin, ho proocivo zono. 1hi- in-
oqualiy i- oxpro--od hy ho -ro-- inon-iy coolli-
cion a-
#
2
1
< #
2
2
whoro #
1
i- ho -ro-- inon-iy coollicion #
2
i-
ho limi valuo ol ho -ro-- inon-iy coollicion .
1ho ahovo oxpro--ion i- ho proocion norm.
I can ho concludod ha whon ho unnol- aro ox-
cavaod in ho proocivo zono ho minin, opora-
ion will no ho -alo unil ho pro--uro porpondicu-
lar o ho -raa docroa-o- o ho do,roo in which
horo i- no dan,orou- accumulaion ol -ro--. Ac-
cordin, o ho ha-ic principlo ol proocion ol -op-
in, ho vir,in rock minin, on ho op or hoom
-raa and ho oxon-ion ol ho ola-ic rocovory do-
lormaion cau-o ho di-char,o zono ol -rain onor,y
o ho lormod. 1ho characori-ic- ol ho condiion
ol rock ma-- in ho di-char,o zono can ho ox-
plainod hy ho oxpro--ion
!p
<
!o

!o
i- ho normal
-ro-- ol undi-urhod rock ma-- in a corain minin,
doph
!p
i- ho normal -ro-- ol di-urhod rock
ma-- in ha paricular minin, doph. Vhon
!p
docroa-o- o ho -ro-- valuo ol undi-urhod rock
ma-- ho rockhur- can ho complooly provonod.
So ho proocivo zono -hould ho locaod in ho di--
char,o aroa.
4. 2 Sublevel caving method without sills
In ho cour-o ol -uhlovol cavin, mohod ol
minin, wihou any -ill- in han,in, wall a char,o
-y-om i- po-ulaod in ordor o docroa-o ho in-
ducod -ro-- -oo Ii,. 5.
8 5 2 Journa CSUT $%& ( )% * +,,+

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Fig. 5 Indor,rund minin, moihd l -iroam linin,
l di-char,o wiih iho ladin, chuio in iho
han,in, wall
In ihi- -uhlovol minin, moihd l oxcavaiin
iho advancin, dirociin l iho -ipo laco i- lrm
iho han,in, wall i iho liwall . 1ho -ipin, i-
carriod ui -ynchrni-iically aln, -ovoral -uh-
lovol-. A- a ro-uli a -ioppod di-char,o -huio i-
lrmod whilo a ,rup l honcho- advanco- aln, a
coriain an,lo. 1ho -iro-- in iho mino wrkin, in
ihi- now rioniaiin i- 33%-66% lo-- ihan ihai in
iho iradiiinal no docroa-in, i 15-32 HPa
which ollociivoly provoni- rckhur-i lrm happon-
in,.
5 CNCLUSNS
1 1ho rckhur-i i- rolaiod i iho minin, un-
dor iho cndiiin l hi,h -iro--. Pla-iiciiy i- iho
koy lacir which provoni- rckhur-i lrm happon-
in,. H-i l iho rckhur-i- ccur durin, -ipin, in
hard and hriiilo ma--ivo rck dop-ii-. Bckhur-i-
can ho lroca-iod hy iho prpriinal rolaiin ho-
iwoon iho ri moan -quaro l -oi-mic onor,y ro-
loa-od hy rckhur-i and iho rck ma-- -irain holro
do-iruci .
2 A rckhur-i ha- ihroo dilloroni -ia,o-
i . o. iho inaciivo -ia,o iho aciivo -ia,o and iho
do-iruciivo -ia,o. A judiciu- hla-iin, onor,y di--
char,o -y-iom can ollociivoly cnirl rckhur-i hy
chan,in, iho characiori-iic- l rck ma-- and do-
croa-in, iho p--ihiliiy l a rckhur-i . S dilloroni
minin, moihd- -huld ho appliod i dilloroni
rckhur-i cndiiin- accrdin, i iho law and
characiori-iic- l rckhur-i .
REFERENCES
1 VI Ai-xian, LI^C Chon,-yi CI Io--hon,. 1ho -iudy l
minin, iochnl,y undor rckhur-i |. ! "#$%&( )*+%, -$./
0#1,$*( .$ ",.$#2#. 1997 28 2 113-116.
2 Cyrul 1. A cncopi l prodiciin l rck and ,a- uihur-i-
|. 3*#%# $4 3#* 5$6$6 1992 10 3 1-17.
3 Han-urv \ A. Acu-iic omi--in lrm lailin, rck hohavir
|. 7*18 9#1, 7*18 5$6$6 1994 27 3 173-182.
4 Sin,h S P. Bur-i onor,y roloa-o indox |. 7*18 9#1, 7*18
5$6$6 1988 21 2 149-155.
5 Sin,h S P. 1ho inlluonco l rck prporiio- n iho ccurronco
and cnirl l rckhur-i |. 9.$.$6 )1. $4 0#1, 1987 5
1 11-18.
6 Sin,h S P. Cla--ilicaiin l mino wrkin,- accrdin, i ihoir
rckhur-i prnono-- |. 9.$.$6 )1. $4 0#1, 1989 8 3
253-262.
7 Hullor V. ^umorical -imulaiin l rck hur-i- |. 9.$.$6
)1. $4 0#1, 1991 12 1 27-42.
8 Bydor | A. Exco-- -hoar -iro-- in iho a--o--moni l ,ol,i-
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